1
INTRODUCTION
74 FILOSOFIA
2
GALLIARD
82 AVANT GARDE
10 AVENIR
92 CHELTENHAM
20 BEMBO
102 STONE SANS
28 Gotham
110 NEUTRAFACE SLAB
38 Bodoni
122 PLANTIN
46 Chaparral
132 contributors
56 Cooper Black
134 works cited
64 garamond
The Merriam-Webster definition of “typography” is: “the work of producing printed pages from written material” or “the style, arrangement, or appearance of printed letters on a page.” How those letters, words, and sentences are styled and arranged affects how they are perceived. Good typography clarifies content, establishes hierarchy, and presents information in a manner that makes it easier to read, and, therefore, to understand. Good typography is good communication: it can start a dialog or advance an idea or make a difference in the world. Typography is also intertwined with our daily lives—we encounter type in everything from the products we buy, the signage around us, the books we read, the news we consume, and the directions we follow. Typography can be beautiful, functional, persuasive, and inviting.
It can also fail, especially when there is a disconnect between how the type looks and what the text says. This book is a celebration of typography and typeface design. It is also a creative collaboration among students in Art 338: Typography II at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, during winter quarter 2018. This book is a celebration of typography and typeface design. Each student in the class researched a different typeface and contributed the pages in this book that describe and showcase their assigned typeface. The final design reflects the many talents of the students who brought this project to life. Charmaine Martinez Professor of Design at California Polytechnic State University and Type Enthusiast
introduction | 1
HERE'S THE STORY
Matthew Carter’s design of Galliard is a contemporary adaptation and reinterpretation of Robert Granjon’s 16th century design (moma.org). Robert Granjon was a Parisianborn type designer who primarily worked in the 1560’s in Antwerp, Belgium where he made the punches and matrices for the beginnings of Galliard. In 1957, Mike Parker, the Director of Typographic Development at Mergenthaler Linotype, found the punches and matrices that Granjon left behind and wanted to make the letters available to the modern design community. However, Parker was not a type designer. Matthew Carter was also familiar with Granjon’s type, but did not have the means to create fonts of type as PostScript and type design software was not available yet. He joined Mergenthaler Linotype as a
typeface designer in 1965 and worked on fulfilling his and Parker’s dream to produce the best possible interpretations of Granjon’s work. Galliard was not released until 1978, but the typeface had almost instantaneous success. (Linotype). Aaron Burns, president and one of the founders of International Typeface Corporation (ITC) was one of the many people who loved the new Linotype typeface of Galliard and knew that it would be a valuable addition to the ITC typeface library. In 1981, Parker gave ITC exclusive rights to Galliard. Galliard was one of the few faces that never went through ITC’s Review Board process. Four centuries and change after Granjon’s original design ITC Galliard was announced in December of 1981 (Fonts.com).
Matthew Carter is a type face designer born October 1st, 1937 in London England. Carter began his career in the early 1960s and bridged all major technologies used in type design: physical type, photo setting, digital font design and the design of custom lettering. His most used fonts are the classic web fonts Verdana and Georgia and the windows interface font Tahoma. (Linotype) International Typeface Corporation was a successful type foundry, founded by Aaron Burns, Herb Lubalin, and Edward Ronthaler in 1970 New York. ITC revolutionized the type business by bringing in the era of licensing. ITC licensed typefaces from designers and then licensed those designs to typesetting device manufacturers like, Linotype or Monotype. Until the digital age typesetters and designers did not directly license fonts from ITC. ITC is now a subsidiary of Monotype Imaging (Typophile).
WHo Is HE? Galliard | 5
Ka The legs on the capital ‘K’ are not attached to the stem. Its long leg is also apparent on the capital ‘R’.
The lowercase ‘a’ is two stories with an angular counter.
Take A Qui ITC Galliard is an elegant, old style serif typeface. The family includes eight fonts in four weights with italics. The letter forms are smooth with angular serifs. The interesting cuts of the serifs and angles of the letters are mostly apparent in the lowercase letters. Galliard has a small x-height, short ascenders, long descenders, and large bodies. It has a solid stroke weight and is very compact (Re 16).
6 | type tree
ITC Galliard Roman ITC Galliard Italic ITC Galliard Std Bold ITC Galliard Bold Italic ITC Galliard Std Black ITC Galliard Black Italic ITC Galliard Std Ultra ITC Galliard Ultra Italic
xt There’s high thick to thin stroke contrast in the lowercase ‘x’.
ick Look
The cross bar on the lowercase ‘t’ is connected to the top of the stem.
cap height x height
baseline descender line
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz !?&:;,‘“”1234567890
Galliard | 7
Matthew Carter (John Madrid)
Mer Punches and Matrices from Robert Granjon (typophile.com)
Columbia Sportswear 8 | type tree
rgenthaler Linotype Company (flickr.com) Robert Granjon’s colophon with font that Galliard is based on (Sarah’s Books)
logo (columbia.com) Galliard | 9
Galliard Carter, Matthew. “Matthew Carter. ITC Galliard. 1978 | MoMA.” The Museum of Modern Art, 2011, www.moma.org/collection/works/139306. February 27, 2018. ITC. “ITC Galliard® Font Family Typeface Story.” Fonts.com, www.fonts.com/font/itc/ itc-galliard/story. February 27, 2018. Linotype. GmbH, info@linotype.com Monotype. “Font Designer – Matthew Carter.” Matthew Carter - Font Designer of Snell Roundhand, Shelley Script, New Baskerville ..., www. linotype.com/346/matthew-carter.html. February 27, 2018. Re, Margaret, et al. Typographically Speaking: the Art of Matthew Carter. Princeton Architectural, 2003. Typedia. “ITC Galliard.” Typedia, typedia.com/explore/typeface/itc-galliard/. February 27, 2018. Typophile. “International Typeface Corporation.” International Typeface Corporation | www.typophile.com/node/13399. February 27, 2018.
10 | type tree