MALE SEXUAL ANATOMY

MALE SEXUAL ANATOMY M.H.Russel, M.D.

MALE SEXUAL ANATOMY M.H.Russel, M.D.

Table of Contents Introduction I. The Male Sex Organs External Male Genital Organs A. Circumcision B. Penis C. Scrotum D. Pubic Hair E. Erection F. Ejaculation

7 8 9 11 11 12

Internat Male Reproductive Organs 1. Testes 2. Epididymus 3. Vas Deferens 4. Seminal Vesicles 5. Prostate Gland 6. Urethra

13 14 14 14 15 15

II. The process of producting life A. Orgasm and Ejaculation B. Fertilization C. Chances for Conception

17 17 18

III. Developement of sexual characteristics A. Growth of Sexual Characteristics B. Sexual Intermediate Types

23 26

IV. Aesthetics of anatomy woman as compared to man V. Birth control and contracep­tives

A. The Rhythm Method B. Coitus Interruptus - Withdrawal Method C. The Sheath or Condom

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35 36 37

VI. The sex impulse in man and woman A. The Prelude to the Sex Act B. The Sex Act C. The Climax or Orgasm D. The After-Play

VII. Coital positions

A. Husband Above Positions B. On-the-Sicle Positions C. The Seated Positions D. Kneeling - Standing Positions E. Miscellaneous Positions

VIII. Masturbation — auto-erotism

A. Childhood Experiments in Masturbation B. Technique of Masturbation

IX. Sexual deviations

A. Exhibitionism - Indecent Exposure B. Sadism & Pleasure in Administering Pain C. Masochism - Enjoyment of Pain D. Fetishism

X. Homosexuality

A. Male Homosexuality B. Lesbianism

42 44 46 48 51 57 59 61 63 69 72 75 79 84 90 95 99

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Intro duction

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In a large part of the world, sexual instruction is accepted as a very necessary part of education. Even some of the otherwise most backward societies have a frank, modern approach to sex education. Laws dealing with frank administration of sex edu­cation were mentioned as far back as the Old Testament. In direct opposition to our accustomed leadership in other areas, the western world has taken an archaeic position in regard to frankness about sex. This is quite apparent especially in the United States, where even in the supposedly enlightened twen­tieth century, a veil of secrecy hinting at something dirty and shameful overhangs information about a normal and natural fonction of the body.

Often necessary sexual information for couples engaged to be married is difficult to obtain and discouraged, and our young people are made to feel like perverts for seeking information vital to forming what is probably the most important relation­ship between married couples.

It is disturbing to find how many people do not even know the correct names for the sexual parts of the body and for terms associated with coitus. In childhood, for lack of proper instruction, boys and girls often refer to their genitalia by vulgar terms. Sex information, often incorrect, is whispered secretly in lewd terms in back alleys. Thus, this harmful ignor­ance about sex instills at an early age, a feeling of shame,; filth and even evil, which in many cases is extremely difficult to undo and replace with a normal healthy outlook for the subject.

The purpose of this volume is to serve as an elementary reference text for the layman. It presents the biological and medical aspects of genital anatomy, the miracle of reproduc­tion, the social aspects of marriage and sex, and deals with information on sexual deviations about which the normal per­son should be informed. The ever-present need for basic sex instruction is stressed.

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I.The male sex organs

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The male sexual parts are the penis with its glands and.tis­sues, the scrotum which holds the testes, and the testes and ducts which lead from the scrotum to the penis. The obvious facts about the penis is that in the flaccid state it hangs down in front of the scrotum. Under sexual stimulation, it becomes stiff and erect. Just as a woman should thoroughly understand her body and its functions, in order to achieve a happy marital relationship, so a man must have a knowledge of the anatomy and function of his sexual parts. This can mean the difference between sexual happiness and frustration. Both the physiology of hormones and psychology of sex should be understood by everyone.

External Male Genital Organs

The external male genital organs are the penis and the scro­tum. The penis consists of three principal parts; the head or glans penis, the body or shaft, and the root or base.

The penis is the male organ both of urination and copulation.

There is a small slit-like opening in the head at the tip which is called the meatus. This opening enables the urine and semen to pass out of the body. From the meatus, a tube called the urethra extends through the penis and connects with the bladder.

The penis is a flaccid organ when not stimulated. Normally it hangs down in front of the scrotum. Under sexual excitation it be­comes erect or tumescent. The average length of the erect penis is just over six inches, and there is a wide variation in size. The diameter is about one-and-one half inches. The erect penis stands out from the body at angles varying from zero to 60° to the horizontal. The size of the penis in the detumescent state has no bearing upon its erect size. The penis also varies in shape; the basic shapes being the blunt, prow and bottle types.

Circumcision

A loose fold of skin, called the prepuce or foreskin extends over the glans. In most hospitals today it is surgically

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removed (circumcision), as a common practice in all newborn boys, for hygienic reasons. It is easier to keep a circumcised penis in healthy condition because the glans is tougher, rendering it less liable to infection, and because it prevents any natural secretion or smegma from accumulating under the foreskin.

In the uncircumcised penis, care must be taken to remove this secretion by «skinning back» the foreskin and cleansing with soap and warm water. Otherwise, this accumulation may exude an unpleasant odor. Phimosis is the condition where the open­ing of the prepuce or meatus is too small to permit the full retraction of the glans penis. Phimosis prevents cleanliness and allows the buildup of old cells sloughed off and secretions possibly leading to bacterial infection. The material which accumulates around the corona of the glans, that proximal band of tissue encircling the widest part of the glans penis, is largely dead surface cells. This moist and decaying matter is called smegma. Aside from being hygienically useful, circum­cision is also believed to be highly beneficial during adult life. Although little reliable information is available on the latter point, it is widely accepted that circumcision increases the staying power of the penis in the vagina prior to ejaculation. This is highly desirable because premature ejaculation has a disastrous effect on the happiness in sexual relations.

Penis

The skin of the penis, as well as that of the scrotum, is more highly pigmented than the skin of the rest of the body.

A small ridge surrounds the glans, marking its separation from the shaft or body of the penis. This ridge is known as the corona or crown. It contains highly sensitive nerves which serve to increase the erotic sensations in the male when in contact with the ridges of the vagina. In the same manner, the corona stim­ulates the sensations in the female during coitus. Sensitive nerve endings are also scattered throughout the glans. While

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the most sensitive portion of the entire penis is located on the underside where the foreskin iR joined to the shaft, the skin itself is not very sensitive.

Scrotum

The scrotum is the sac which contains the testicles or male Rex glands. The scrotum is suspended midline from the pu bic bone and hangs below and behind the penis; it is a con足tinuation of the abdominal wall. The organ is divided by a membranous wall or septum into right and left halves, each of these sacs containing and supporting one of the testes (testi足 cles) with its epididymus. Generally, one testicle bangs lower than the other, as if arranged by nature to minimize the danger of the testes pressing together from sitting, etc. The testes are extremely delicate and intense pain results from pressure on them in any way; It is normal for veins to be visible or felt on the penis or scrotum.

Scattered in the tissue below the skin of the scrotum are fibers of smooth muscle called the dartos layer. The muscle fibers of the dartos layer contract ;n the presence of cold, and expand when exposed to warmth, causing the testes to lower away from the body. The testes produce spermatozoa at a temperature several degrees below usual body temperature. This is very important for normal sperm production. A simple, seemingly trivial matter such a::; the continuai wearing of tight shorts could cause temporary partial infertility. A very hot bath lasting over a half hour can greatly disturb sperm produc足tion for weeks. When exposed to cold the scrotal skin becomes wrinkled and shrunken in appearance. This is caused by the testes positioning close to the perineum, that area of the body between the pubic mound and the anus, where the testes ab足sorb warmth and thus maintain a temperature suitable for normal spermatogenisis (sperm production) and the viability of spermatozoa. Under normal temperature conditions the

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mus­cle fibers of the dartos layer are relaxed and the walls are rela­tively free from wrinkles.

Pubic Hair

Pubic hair surrounds the base of the penis and covers the scrotum. lt is generally arranged in the form of a triangle, the base of the triangle positioned above the penis and the apex at the navel. As there are thousands of variabilities of pubic hair arrangements, very few people have identical ar­ rangements. The amount and thickness of pubic hair also var­ ies considerably.

Erection

The phenomenon of erection occurs with sexual stimulation. During sexual excitation and the process of erection, the penis changes in size and direction; it becomes rigid, enlarged and elevated. The foreskin is retracted so that the head, or glans, becomes partly or entirely exposed. This change is made pos­sible by the peculiar spongelike structure of the organ. All throughout the penis there are a large number of small hollow spaces or chambers. When these spaces are empty and their walls collapsed, the organ is flaccid; when they become dis­tended with an increase inflow of blood, the penis becomes firm and erect. Its blood vessels, the arteries and the veins, are so constructed that they can allow an increased inflow and a dimin­ished outflow of blood at the same time, so that all the spaces become engorged and distended.

In addition, there is a great deal of elastic tissue in the penis which permits a considerable change in the dimensions of the organ. During an erection, it becomes both longer and wider.

It is necessary for the penis to be firm and erect in order to penetrate the female vagina during sexual intercourse.

Glands located on the lining of the urethral canal secrete a thin, clear substance resembling the white of an

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egg. Under sexual excitation, this secretion flows out of the urethra. It serves to lubricate the glans and thereby reduce friction when intercourse is attempted. This preparatory secretion is some­times mistaken for semen. Because it seeps out during sexual stimulation it is often called precoital secretion.

Ejaculation

The various secretions which form the composition of the seminal fluid are being produced continuously, but the actual blending of these fluids into semen occurs only at the moment of ejaculation. At this moment the muscular contractions of the genital tract force the spermatozoa from the epididymis of the testes, through a long tube called the vas, and together with the secretions of the seminal vesicles, into the urinaty canal. At the same time- the contractions of the prostate force its own fluid out through a number of small openings into the urinary canal close to the place where the sperm-fluid enters. There ail the secretions are mixed together and are ejaculated in several bursts through the penis. Thus, the prostate acts as a control­ling valve during intercourse. When control is lost over these muscles ejaculation of semen results. After ejaculation, the arteries regain their tonus and contract, allowing less blood to enter, and lessening the pressure on the constricted veins, and the penis returns to its flaccid state.

Many people are under the impression that since the seminal fluid and the urine pass through the same canal, the two secre­tions can mix and urine can be ejected during intercourse. This is untrue. The two do not mix because of a complex adaptation of the nervous and muscular mechanism of the urinary and genital systems. When a seminal emission takes place, the open­ing between the bladder and urethra is automatically shut off by a reflex contraction of the appropriate muscles, thus keep­ing the urine from passing into the urethra during this process.

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Internal Male Reproductive Organs

In the male the internai reproductive organs fall into three groups: the testes, then a group of ducts which include the epididymus, vas deferens and urethra, finally the accessory ducted glands which are the seminal vesicles, prostate and bulbo-urethral glands. The spermatic cords are the internalsupporting ‘conduits’ essential to the vas deferens.

Testes

The testes product male sex ce lis, spermatozoa or sperm; and the male sex hormone testosterone. The testes correspond to the ovaries in the female, which produce the female sex hor­mones, estrogen and progesterone. The testes lie within the septate scrotum, are oval in shape and measure about two inches in length and an inch across. During early fetal life they lie in the abdominal cavity. About two months before birth they drop out of the body cavity, descending with the spermatic cord along their inguinal canais into the scrotum.

The outer layer of the testes is known as the tunica albuginea, a dense layer of white fibrous tissue. The fibrous septa or walls of the tunic extend into the substance of the testes, dividing each into over 250 wedge-shaped lobes. Each lobe has from one to three thin coiled tubules known as seminiferous tubules.

If uncoiled one of these tiny tubules would measure about two feet in length. The male reproductive cells in all stages of de­ velopment are located within these tubules; with mature sper­ matozoa present in the lumen, that is the center, along with the premature spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes found at the periphery near the germinal epithelium. In addi­ tion to the reproductive cells, supporting cells (Sertoli cells) are also found in the testes; along with interstitial (inter­space) cells (Leydig cells), which are scattered among the tubules and which produce testosterone, the male hormone.

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The seminiferous tubules unite to form a system of larger straight ducts leading into a meshwork behind the testis known as the rete testis. The tubules empty their spermatozoa into this network, the rete testis. About twenty coiled ductules leave the upper end of the rete and run through the «white tunic» of the testis into the epididymus.

Epididymus

The epididymus is the first section of the «piping,» the duc­tile system of the testis, that is the conduit for sperm running from the testis to the meatus of the urethra at the tip of the penis. The epididymus is a multicoiled tube lying above and slightly behind the testes, extending downward for perhaps an inch-and-a-half. If it were uncoiled, the epididymus would measure about sixteen feet.

Vas Deferens

The vas deferens is a straight tube leading from the lower part of each epididymus to the urethra. It ascends about eigh­teen inches. The vas deferens is made up of three tissue layers; an inner mucous epithelium, a middle muscle layer and an outer fibrous coat. It is continuous with the epididymus.

The vas, nerves, lymphatics and blood vessels make up the sper­matic cord.

Seminal Vesicles

The seminal vesicles are membranous pouches of the vas deferens, lying behind the bladder at its base, each a convo­luted sac. The seminal vesicles secrete a fluid which enhances the mobility of the sperm. Each of the vesicles ends in a straight narrow duct which joins and becomes part of the vas deferens, forming the ejaculatory duct. This duct is a tube about one inch long which runs through the base of the prostate gland and empties into the urethra. The ejaculatory duct

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ejects the sperm mixed in seminal vesicle fluid into the lumen of the prostatic portion of the urethra.

Prostate Gland

The prostate gland is a conical organ in shape, about the size of a walnut. It encircles the urethra just below the bladder and secretes alkaline fluid into it, also of aid to the swimming sperm. In older men growth of the prostate commonly ob­structs the urethra, causing the need for more frequent urina­tion, and sometimes requiring surgical removal of part of the gland. It is also a site of cancer in the aged.

Urethra

The urethra is a straight tube leading from the bladder, through the prostate, through the penis and outside the body. It transports both semen from the reproductive system, and urine. It extends from the internai urinary orifice in the uri­nary bladder to the external urethral orifice, or meatus, at the end of the penis.

The bulbourethral glands (Cowper’s glands) are a pair of glands about the size of a pea which are located below the pros­tate on either side of the urethra. They also contribute an alkaline fluid to the semen.

The ureters, which are not part of the reproductive sys­tem, are a pair of tubes extending from the bladder; one lead­ing to each kidney.

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II.The process of producing life

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Orgasm and Ejaculation

At orgasm in the male, spermatozoa starting from the epi­didymus travel up the vas deferens, propelled by the muscular coating of the vas. Seminal fluid and additional spermatozoa are added from the seminal vesicles, and two to five million are ejected into the urethra by the ejaculatory duct, where pros­tatic fluid is added through the several ducts of that gland.

The combination of seminal fluids and spermatozoa, known as se­men, is fired through the urethra, in sexual intercourse, to be deposited in the female vagina near the uterus.

The mature male, over thirteen years of age, produces mil­lions of sperm cells (spermatozoa) in the testes throughout life. Of course, numbers of cells produced decreases with ad­vancing age. In the average ejaculation, which consists of nearly a teaspoonful of semen, there are approximately two to five hundred million spermatozoa. When the seminal fluid is first ejaculated, it is gelatinous in character, but within from three to fifteen minutes it becomes liquified. While the semen is still in the gelatinous form, the spermatozoa remain motion­ less, but once liquefaction takes place, they begin to move more and more actively. Each spermatozoon measures about 1/600 of an inch in length, and travels at the rate of about one inch in approximately eight minutes.

Fertilization

Fertilization normally takes- place shortly after the ovum (egg) enters the oviduct. Fertilization is the penetration and activation of the ovum by a spermatozoon and the junction of the male and female pronuclei, that is the blending of the ge­netic material donated equally by both parents. After the mil­lions of microscopie sperm cells are deposited in the vagina near the uterus, they begin to swim in every direction.

At the time of ovulation the secretions of the uterus ( cervi-

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cal secretions), are particularly thin and therefore possess little resistance to the passage of spermatozoa. Sorne of the spermatozoa in the vagina enter the cervix or neck of the uterus, pass through the cavity of the uterus and enter the oviducts, so that finally one sperm will meet and enter a mature ovum in whichever of the oviducts it happens to be. Apparently spermatozoa swim in the line of least resistance, some entering the oviducts within five minutes. The long three-inch journey through the uterus seems to require the cooperation of uterine contractions in order that such a vast voyage be successfully undertaken by microscopie sperm. Actually the mechanics of the necessary movements are but poorly understood. Only one sperm can enter the uterus to cause fertilization. The fertilized ovum or zygote begins a completely new sequence of events called preg­nancy or gestation.

To review; the ovaries release a mature ovum or egg, which is discharged into the pelvic cavity. It is then taken up in the current set up by the fingerlike projections of the oviduct and carried down that tube towards the uterus. The current funneling into the oviducts is caused by the ciliary lining of those tubes. If the ovum is not fertilized during its journey down this tube it is disintegrated in the uterus. If the ovum is fertilized it then becomes implanted, attached, to the mucous lining of the uterus, the endometrium.

Before the ovum has reached the uterus, the endometrium or mucous uterine membrane, is preparing for the purpose of providing a suitable location for implantation of a fertilized ovum, by thickening and congesting. If fertilization does not occur then the aim of obtaining a pregnancy has been frustrated and the preparation of the endometrium has corne to naught. The physiological answer is to break it down and try again. Conse­quently, menstruation now occurs, followed by a new ovarian cycle.

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Menstruation, or monthly bleeding, is the sign that the tis足sue lining the uterus, known as the endometrium, has broken down. The tiny coiling arterioles of the endometrium rupture, releasing blood. The exact cause of monthly bleeding is not known, for menstruation can occur without ovulation.

Men足strual periods usually begin in girls ten to sixteen years of age. The length of the cycle varies from twenty five to thirty-one days.

Fertilization normally takes place shortly after the ovum en足ters the oviduct. After coitus some of the spermatazoa in the vagina enter the cervix or neck of the uterus, then passes through the cavity of the uterus and enters the oviducts, so that finally one sperm will meet and enter a mature ovum in whichever of the oviducts it happens to be. Only one sperm enters the ovum to cause fertilization. The fertilized ovum or zygote begins a completely new sequence of events called pregnancy or gestation.

The sex of an individual is determined at fertilization. The sexes diff er as regards one pair of chromosomes.

The female has two x chromosomes; the male has an x and a y. Two dif足ferent kinds of sperm are formed at the reduction division, x-bearing or y-bearing, and they are formed in equal numbers. AU mature eggs contain one x chromosome. A male results if a y-bearing sperm fertilizes any egg. A female results if an x-bearing sperm fertilizes any egg. The final differentiation of sex during development is conditioned by endocrine factors, which will be discussed later.

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A recapitulation of the events leading up to fertilization is given below:

Formation and transport of ova 1. Growth of ovarian follicles with the maturation of ova.

2. Ovulation.

3. Uptake of ova by the oviducts.

4. Tubai transport of ova to the uterus.

Formation and transport of semen A. Spermatogenesis 1. Multiplication of early cells.

2. Reduction division of the primary spermatocytes.

3. Formation of spermatozoa.

B. Maturation and transport 1. Maturation of sperm in the epididymus.

2. Transport in the vas deferens from the epididymus to urethra.

C. Formation of seminal fluid 1. Seminal vesicle secretions.

2. Prostatic secretions.

Uterine preparation for implantation 1. Secretion of ovarian hormones (estrogen and progesterone).

2. Hormonal action on the uterus.

3. Growth and secretory activity of the endometrium.

Fertilization 1. Transport of the spermatozoa in the vagina and uterus.

2. Migration up the oviducts to the upper regions.

3. Invasion of the ovum in one of the oviducts.

4. Fertilization proper, the union of the pronuclei.

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Conception

The ovary usually produces an egg about every 28 days from maturity to menopause, ages 12-13 to -10-55. It is easy to figure out that there are about 400 chances of becoming pregnant in a 30 year span. The mature male, over 13 years, produces mil­lions of sperm ceIls ( spermatozoa) in the testicles daily through­out life. Of course, the number of cells produced decreases with advancing age.

The timing of ovulation is vital to conception and contracep­ tion, especially when estimating the safe period for the rhythm system. A woman is fertile, that is capable of conceiving, be­fore halfway betwcen one menstrual period and the next. The time at which a pregnancy can begin is related to the length of the menstrual or ovulatory cycle. The best opportunity for con­ception is to ha Ye sexual intercourse three days before mid­-cycle, and to repeat coitus daily foi· two more days-altogether three days in a row.

A man’s best chance of fertilizing is three to six days after the last ejaculation, or release of sperm. If a man were to ejaculate every day his chances of causing a pregnancy would be less than after a wait of three days. It takes time to build up maximal numbers of sperm cells and for them to ripen to a mature stage. A second ejaculation on the same day might re­lease 80% less spermatozoa than the first-still enough to quite possibly impregnate a woman. Much beyond a six day waiting period many of the sperm cells would degenerate and the per­centage of live cells would drop. Thus, the chances of pregnancy depend on the availability of a mature egg and a very large number of mature, strong-swim­ming sperm cells.

The number of live sperm cells in semen and their motility (swimming ability) can be evaluated under a microscope by a specialist. Obviously, the possibility of preg­nancy is very high when a ripe, normal egg in an oviduct is exposed to perhaps three to fifteen thousand mature, motile sperm cells.

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III.Developpement of sexual characteristicsris

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Growth of Sexual Characteristics

We now trace the gradual growth of the sex characteristics after fertilization. Although fertilization determines the pre­dominant sexual type, other factors may influence the devel­opment of the living creature that is to be born.

The sex organs are contained within a portion of the urinary apparatus of the embryo which develops very early and is dis­tinguishable before the actual genital structures. W e therefore, can speak of the «urogenital apparatus.» This develops out of the mesoderm or central layer of the germinal membrane, which separates along the rudimentary spinal site and forms the so-called celom or embryonic body cavity and the urogenital canal. Within the earliest weeks of embryonic growth, the so­-called proneohros emerges, and a duct runs from it. But, in the third week this structure is superseded by the mesonephros while the duct remains and develops to form the Wolffian duct. The mesonephros is differentiated from the urogenital canal in the seventh week and the kidneys assume their typical form. And two weeks before, on either side of the rudimentrary spine and on the inner dorsal surface of the embryo, two folds or pads appear, called the genital ridges.

«Germ cells» or distinctively sexual cells, which have hitherto been scattered, congregate within these regions and modify the epithelial germ plasm into glands, which are differentiated at about six weeks. They develop either as testes or as ovaries, and send their distinctive hormones into the blood stream, acting thus already as functional endocrines. The germinal gonad is at first, however, undifferentiated sexually; it may therefore be modified in its male trend or its female; and it can be, and has been maintained that there is no absolute organic male nor ab­solute organic female, but that the structures which show the greatest number of male characteristics are masculine and those with the greatest number of female cha-

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racteristics are feminine. The range of sexual differentiation in human beings is like the keyboard of a musical instrument, or a color chart. It runs the gamut from the palest to the deepest tints, even from black to white. There is an enormous diversity of inter-grades or intermediate types between the typically masculine and the typically feminine.

Within the mesonephros is a network of minute tubules transversely arranged and opening into the Wolffian duct. In the further development of the sex organs both the mesone­phros and the gonads collabora te and interlock. The mesonephros is gradually obliterated, but its upper portion evolves into the epididymis in the male, while the lower extremity atrophies until finally only the paradidymis remains. In the female even less is left of the primordial structure. The upper portion be­comes the ep-oophoron (Rosenmuller’s Organ) and the lower the par-oophoron.

There is a double differentiation from the Wolffian and Mul­lerian ducts respectively. In the male the Mullerian duct atro­phies and the Wolffian duct is elaborated into seminal ducts or vasa deferentia (with the seminal vesicles and epididymis). Finally nothing is left of the Mullerian duct but Morgagni’s hydatids and a small cul-de-sac, corresponding roughly to the vagina in woman. In the female the two main ducts approach one another from either side and uni te in a tube or canal: the Wolffian duct becomes obliterated and absorbed into this new structure, but its remains are sometimes found in the form of cysts in the internai genital tract of women. The upper extrem­ity of the Mullerian duct becomes a funnel-mouthed cone and this further evolves into the oviducts or tubes, the uterus and the vagina. If the union of the Mullerian and Wolffian ducts is not complete, there ensue malformations of womb and vagina, even bifid or double forms.

From Muller’s eminence, at the lower extremity, develop the hymen and Skene’s glands.

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In the first month both the Mullerian and Wolffian ducts and the allantois open into a common orifice, termed the cloaca. Part of the allantois becomes the bladder and part the urogenital canal into which the Mullerian and Wolffian ducts open. In the second month. the exterior male organs emerge: there is a rudi足mentary penis and the perineum appears, separating the cloaca (which becomes the anus) from the urogenital aperture; and, as the perineum expands, so these two orifices grow more widely apart.

In the eighth week, definite external differentiation begins. In the female the general changes are not excessive; the genital cleft is developed into the labia minora and the genital emi足 nence becomes the clitoris. The labio-scrotal folds become the fleshy labia majora, while in front the mons veneris is formed.

In the male the changes are more definite and extensive. The genital eminence becomes the penis and the genital sulcus or canal is formed in the middle portion of the penis. The pads or folds become the scrotal sacs, which subsequently meet and unite in their median line, into the normal scrotum. But the scrotal sacs at first are empty, for testes, like ovaries, are con足 cealed within the abdominal cavity. Both types of gonad have to make a descent into their future site, but the female gonads move first.

In the third month the ovaries have already reached the pelvic cavity; in the sixth month they are in line with the upper portion of the uterus and reach the pelvis monor, where they remain connected to the broad ligaments of the uterus. If they drop further this must be regarded as an abnormality, and is termed ectopia, or ovarian hernia. They may even pro足trude externally and be taken for testes.

In the male the testes approach the abdominal inguinal ring in the sixth month of prenatal life, enter the inguinal canal in the eighth month and descend or emerge externally in the ninth month. In normal cases the testes slip into the sacs prepared

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for them and the inguinal canal closes behind them. If, how­ ever, either one or both testes remain in the inguinal canal this condition is termed cryptorchism or undescended testicle.

Sexual Intermediate Types

We have noted that the embryo, in its early stages, appears both male and female. Usually, the fetus acquires the sexual characteristics of one definite sex, but occasionally this dif­ferentiation is neither definite nor complete. There is no «clean­cut.» Instead, while one sex may be dominant in physique and mind, there may be certain anomalies strongly suggestive of the opposite sex. If the endocrine secretions are abnormal either the actual gonads and genitalia, or the secondary char­acteristics (such as growth of hair, vocal pitch and bust devel­opment) or, finally, the direction of desire, will differ from the average type. Then we enter the far-reaching territory of her­maphroditism and intersexual types.

ln certain cases it may be possible by surgical means, par­tially at least, to transform a «man» into a «woman» and there­by cause the subject to assume a role more in keeping with his own feelings. It is unlikely, however, that a fully satisfactory solution could be thus found for such individuals, as a complete transformation, both in the physical and mental spheres is far from easy to attain. The possible permutations and combina­ tions in the anatomy are very numerous. If the gonads and external genitalia contain examples of both sexes we can speak of hermaphroditism, they are genuinely hermaphrodites. If, on the other hand, the genitals are normal but the secondary char­ acteristics atypical in structure, we speak of Androgyny. And, if the mental and emotional faculties and trends alone are af­ fected, then we enter the areas of Transvestism, Homosexuality and Metatropism. All these types, which arise through dis­ turbances in sexual differentiation from whatever cause, have been given the collective term «sexual intermediate types.»

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IV.The aesthetics of anatomy of woman as compared to man

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The aesthetic and idcal aspects of women’s bodies have na­turally been dealt with inexhaustibly. Many of the distinctive differences between men and women in physique are just those which appear most desirable and lovely to men, especially when these are fully developed and delicately differentiated. What are these particularly typical and characteristic attributes?

Society has reproduced certain typical representations of the «ideal man and ideal woman» and these figures accentuate the typical, secondary sex characteristics very clearly. Perhaps the most externally conspicuous and certainly one of the most important of these secondary characteristics in woman is the bosom. But there are many other attributes, based on the greater fatty layer (adipose tissue) and the less pronounced muscular development, the position and influence of the inter­na} organs and the skeletal framework, which is both less mas­sive and less closely knit.

The once-famous Berlin naecologist, Wilheim Heinrich Busch gave the following descriptive summary of the «sec­ondary» differences in appearance between men and women: «The external appearance of woman is more conformable to harmony and beauty than that of man (in masculine eyes)-her proportions are at once rounder and more delicate; whereas the man’s are anguJar and rough hewn (only not in feminine eyes). In women, the shape of the skull approaches the spheri­ cal; it has fewer and slighter ridges and protuberances than the man’s and the dense and often long growth of hair can be one of the chief charms of women. The length of the face, from brow to chin, is less-relatively as well as actually. The single features are less pronounced and the lines more flowing and less angular. The expression is apt to be less definite and even

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tends to insipidity. The forehead is lower, the nose and mouth smaller, the chin much smoother and, at the same time, less pointed, so that the whole face is at once smaller and rounder.

In women, the neck is comparatively longer than in men and the lines of head, face and shoulders flow more gradually and softly into the neck than in the man; the «Adam’s Apple» is less pro minent.

The trunk of the body is differently proportioned; the lower portion outweighs the thorax. Her shoulders and ribs are much narrower than the man’s; her ribs are in a line with the pelvis, whereas the man’s project beyond his. The female pelvis is very much wider than the male, and the muscles of lower abdomen, flanks and buttocks are sheathed in connective tissue and cov­ered with flesh and fat, giving a much softer outline and smoother surface. Ribs and hip bones are much less evident to the eye. The upper part of the trunk-the actual thorax-would appear disproportionately small in comparison with the dom­inant pelvis were it not for the development of the bust, with the mammary glands, and their sheaths of fatty tissue. Thus, in woman, a firm, symmetrical and adequate development of the bosom is necessary in order to balance the pelvis and is equally pleasing to the eyes and beneficial to the race...

The female abdomen in its lower portion is more rounded than the man’s and slightly protrudes. The depression of the navel is deeper than in man, and, at the same time, further above the pubis. The thorax narrows gradually below the bosom and then the outline curves again into the pelvis, whereas, in man, the massive thorax narrows abruptly into hips and loins. The female form is more slender just above the loins i.e., at the waist. The collarbone is shorter, the arms shorter, rounder and more plump, and the fingers narrower and more pointed. The beauty of the arms in women depends on a cer­tain fleshy fullness and roundness. The breadth and

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flesh of the hips are continued into the thighs: the muscles of the upper thighs are wry strongly developed in comparison with the others; the trochanters are widely separated and the thighs slope gradually inwards and downwards. The knees approach each other and the inner surface nearly touch. The knees them­selves are round and without the strongly marked masculine muscles. The cakes are slenderer and taper more definitely towards the lower extremity. The ankles and bones of the feet are less prominent and the fret relatively, as well as actually, smaller and narrower than man’s; the whole body is supported on a frailer basis and legs are notably Jess long and straight than man’s. In the male form, the pubic bone divides the body into halves; in the female, the pu bic bone is below the middle of the body. Thus women take shorter steps in walking than men and their gait is apt to sway slightly. This may be able to give a peculiar grace of movement, but the normally built is not well adapted to running.»

There are two great differences in the whole organic life of women from that of men. First, women are primarily much more concerned with and specialized for reproduction than men; they have to deal with menstruation, pregnancy, child­birth, suckling and the care of children. And beyond this com­plex reproductive fonction, their whole nervous system is dif­ferently keyed; their emotions are predominant and their men­tal and cerebral activity is less. This difference shows in all movement and action: the women whose range of feeling is greatest and whose sensibilities are tenderest and those who -generally-appear to men as most completely women.

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V. Birth control and contraceptives

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The planning of parenthood and the spacing of pregnancies constitutes an important decision in most modern marriages. It is considered highly desirable for the preservation of the mental and physical wellbeing of the parents, the family and the home. From a medical viewpoint, too frequent pregnancies without sufficient intervals are detrimental to the health of both the mother and the child. Nor is it always wise for a fam­ ily to be saddled with the burden of more children than it can afford. In many cases unwanted children suffer from hunger and lack of physical necessities, and perhaps even more im­portant, from lack of love. The recurrent fear of an unwanted pregnancy makes a satisfactory marital adjustment difficult to attain. Hence, some knowledge of the mean available for controlling conception should be a part of preparation for marriage.

The Rhythm Method

The rhythm method is the only type of birth control method that has the sanction of the Roman Catholic Church.

While perfect in theory, its effectiveness is extremely unreliable un­less rather meticulous records involving the menstrual cycle are kept and utilized to compute the safe and unsafe times of the month for intercourse. The rhythm method works by ab­stention from coitus during the fertile period. The theory be­hind this method is simple and obvious. A woman, under nor­mal conditions, releases one egg during the menstrual month. There is a period of approximately 12 hours when this egg can be fertilized by male sperm, which in turn has an active life of about 48 hours in which to accomplish this purpose. Ac­cording to this calculation then, there is a period of some 60 hours during a woman’s menstrual month when she can be­come pregnant; the two days prior to ovulation and the half day following it. If the rhythm method is to be used success­fully, it must be accurately determined just when a woman is about to ovulate. A major difficulty, of course, is the fixing of this time with any degree of certainty. Even with the aid of a doctor experienced in such calculations, many

35

women ex­perience great difficulty in establishing a precise timetable for intercourse, largely because of the irregularity of the men­strual cycle. Many unrelated factors can contribute to this condition, which must be taken into consideration when at­tempting to ascertain which days of the month are safe and which are unsafe, insofar as pregnancy is concerned.

Many doctors advise women who rely extensively on the rhythm method of contraception to keep a written record of the menstrual cycle for a year or more to aid in charting the irregularities of their cycles. Many such physicians also have timetables available that greatly simplify the mathematics in­volved in computing the times most advantageous to inter­ course. There are also on the market many types of charts and calendars, special body temperature thermometers, slide rules, etc., to help aid in determining the safe period. Some of these are of value - others virtually worthless. While this method does have many drawbacks and disadvantages, for those women who can and must use it, the rhythm method can be a workable means of birth control.

The methods of contraception undertaken by the male, coitus interruptus and the use of the sheath or condom, strive to pre­vent conception by preventing the entry of seminal fluid into the vagina.

Coitus interruptus - The Withdrawal Method

Medical authorities have credited the male sex partner’s tech­nique of withdrawal before ejaculation, coi tus interruptus, with being the very oldest of the methods of preventing pregnancy. However, it is not a particularly satisfactory method, first be­cause it is physiologically and psychologically unsound, and second, because it is not very reliable.

When relying on this method there is always the fear that the withdrawal may not be in time and result in pregnancy. This fear, and the inter­ruption of the normal sequence of the sex

36

relations at its very climax, often constitutes a considerable psychosexual strain on both the man and the woman and results in a threat to the enjoyment of the sex act. Also, the percentage of failures of this method are high, because it is not always possible to de­termine exactly the moment of ejaculation, and a few drops of semen may be emitted before the withdrawal.

The Sheath or Condom

The sheath or condom is a method which is commonly relied upon by the male. It is a cover which is placed over the penis during intercourse to prevent the sperm from entering the vagina. The condom actually serves a double purpose :. it pre­vents conception by retaining the seminal discharge, and by covering the penis it helps prevent the transmission of venereal infections. The most popular type of sheath is made of natural or artificial rubber. Less widely used is the «fish-skin» sheath, made of special animal tissue. They are generally more expen­sive and have an added disadvantage because they must be moistened before application.

The reliability of the condom to prevent conception depends greatly upon the care taken in the selection, application and removal of the condom. There is some danger that it may break during use, or occasionally slip off after use, permitting some seminal fluid to enter the vagina. If the sheath, however, is tested beforehand, and is carefully applied, it is a fairly relia­able method. By holding the sheath before withdrawal the hus­band can also avoid the chances of its slipping off. One dis­advantage of the sheath is that it has to be applied after erection has been attained and hence necessitates an interrup­tion of the sexual act. In some cases this proves to be psycho­logically disturbing to the man and affects his sexual capacity and response. It is unaesthetically appealing to a great number of women, and since it prevents direct contact of the

37

sexual organs during coitus it tends to diminish the sensations for both the husband and wife.

While the male methods of contraception prevent the entry of the seminal fluid into the vagina, the deposition of active sperms into the vagina alone is not sufficient to bring about conception. The sperms must first pass into the uterus and from there into the tubes where they meet the ovum. Therefore, most female methods of contraception depend largely upon keeping the sperm from entering into the uterus from the vagina. These methods are basically chemical and mechanical, although they are frequently used as a combination.

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VI. Sex impulse in man and women

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The subject of woman’s erotic sensibility has long been a matter of considerable dispute. At one time it was seriously be­lieved that sexual desire was primarily or entirely a masculine trait and that the woman was completely incapable of sexual feelings. Today, with our broader understanding of the nature of the sexual impulse, these old beliefs are regarded as un­founded. While it is true that lack of sexual desire, or frigidity, is a more frequent disturbance in women than in men, this does not necessarily mean that there is an inherent absence of the sexual urge. Early training and social mores often serve to sup­press the normal sexual desire in women, so that in later adult life it does not readily manifest itself. Intrinsically, however, a woman’s .sexual desires may be just as strong as those of a man.

It is true that in practically all species the male is sexually the more aggressive and active, while the female is primarily receptive and passive. This difference is evident even down to the sex cells. While the sperm is active, restless, con­ stantly in motion, the egg is retiring, passive, waiting, so to speak, for the entrance of the sperm. Perhaps from this bio­ logical difference in the character of the reproductive cells stems the psychic and emotional differences of the two sexes.

No matter what the reason, it is commonly understood and accepted that while man’s sexual impulse is more active and more easily aroused, and his erotic desires are directed more specifically toward sexual consummation, the woman’s sexual response is more passive, her desires aroused more slowly, and her desires are directed toward an emotional as well as physi­ cal experience. Only after a certain degree of romanticism and erotic excitation is the woman prepared for the consummation of the sexual act. As a general rule, romance and emotion play a much more significant role in the sexual reactions and re­sponses of the woman than in those of her mate.

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The second great difference between the sexual reaction of man and woman involves the time element involved in reaching a climax or orgasm during coitus. In the male, the entire sexual cycle is much shorter. He is much more quickly aroused, and unless he consciously restrains himself, he will reach the climax in a comparatively short time. The woman takes a compara­tively longer time for stimulation and preparation, and also a longer time to reach the climax. In general, her sexual reactions are more diffuse and more variable than those of the male.

The Prelude to the Sex Act

Keeping the differences of the sexual reactions of the male and the female in mind, the prelude to coitus, and the act itself, can be a mutually satisfying experience. With an understand­ing attitude, mutual compassion, and conscious effort, an ade­quate adjustment can usually be established. In order to promote an enjoyable experience for the woman, her erotic impulses should first be so aroused that she desire the consummation of the union. The female will usually require a period of court­ship, romance, caressing, love play and erotic manipulation before she is physically ready for the sex act. In sexual rela­tions emotional and physical factors are intimately bound to­gether, and the prelude to sexual intercourse should take both these aspects into consideration. The manner of approach must take into consideration the temperament, mood and general cir­cumstances of the moment. An approach that may prove highly stimulating on one occasion may not be at all appropriate at another time. Variety in approaches is also important, for every wife tires of the same «lines» and hints, and references. A sensitive emotional approach may be sufficient to arouse a high degree of sexual desire, but in most instances it is de­sirable as well to employ direct physical stimulation. This will consist largely of the touch, caress and kiss.

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Unlike the male, in whom the sexually excited areas of the body are more or Jess localized, the erogenous zones of the woman are located al! over her body. The lips, neck, ear lobes and breasts-par­ticularly the nipples, are all erogenous zones on a woman’s body, and the caressing or mouthing of these parts will often give rise to strong erotic desires. The entire vulvar area is extremely sensitive, with the clitoris being extremely so. These organs, as well as the nipples, are supplied with erectile tissue and be­come more firm and erect under sexual excitation. The woman should f eel free to indicate to her husband the areas of her body that are the most sensitive and stimulating to her, as well as the type of stimulation, duration and degree, that she may require.

During the prelude to coitus, the wife should not remain passive, for nothing will dampen the desire of even the most ardent male more than actual or feigned indifference on the part of the woman. It is neither abnormal nor degrading for the woman to make use of all the techniques of love play that her husband uses. For just as her husband’s attempts to stimulate his wife may serve at the same time to arouse and increase his own desire, so does active participation on the part of the woman also excite and stimulate her own erotic desires and prepares her more fully for the sexual act to follow.

While the male is ready for intercourse almost as soon as his erection is completed, the female requires a much longer period as a rule before she is ready. When her sexual desire has attained the proper level, the Bartholin glands near the vaginal opening secrete a sufficient amount of lubrication to minimize the friction caused by the entrance of the penis.

Also, insufficient lubrication of the vaginal canal can result in exces­sive stimulation on the glans penis and thus bring about pre­mature ejaculation. So it is actually physically necessary that the wife must be an active participant in the preliminaries

43

to the sexual union. She must be stimulated to the point where she desires her husband as much as he desires her. Only then will she be able to engage in the proper movements leading to a completely satisfying climax. It is only under such circum­ stances that both partners can look forward with anticipation to the next sexual experience together.

The Sex Act

After the proper stimulation, the next step is for the couple to assume the desired position. Many couples are familiar with only one position. Others believe that only the husband-above position is proper and morally acceptable. This is completely false. Any position which permits complete satisfaction for both partners is acceptable. A couple should not be afraid to deviate from what might be called the normal or accustomed position, or to use any part of the body, provided it is mutually acceptable. The only restriction should be that it not violate the tastes or feelings of either party.

Not all positions for intercourse are equally satisfying for every couple. Many factors are involved, such as the depth and slant of the vagina, the position of the clitoris, the length and slant of the penis, the comparative height of the couple, etc. Any of these factors may determine why one position is more desirable than another. There are, in fact, hundreds of positions for coitus, although most of them are variations of a basic few.

During coitus the clitoris does not always corne into satis­factory contact with the penis. In order to have it do so certain positions should be used, generally the astride positions which give the woman more control over her movements. In the more common positions in which the woman is beneath the man her movements are more restricted and her only recourse i to press firmly against the man’s pubic region in conjunction with his movements.

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In order to attain a mutually satisfying experience, the woman must engage in the coital movements with her partner. She should simultaneously match her husband’s movements in speed, but in the opposite direction. As the sexual act pro­gresses the tempo will naturally be speeded up and the wife will have to keep up with the husband. At the same time, either partner may alter the length of the stroke or remain inactive during any period when he feels himself becoming over-stim­ulated and approaching the climax before the mate.

The normal goal of the couple is to reach a climax or orgasm together, or failing this, for the husband who will usually have his climax first, to assist his wife directly or indirectly in at­taining her orgasm before the act is terminated.

After ejacu­lation, the penis soon becomes limp, even if it is not removed from the vagina. Consequently, the husband will no longer be able to aid his wife. It is important, therefore, that the husband attempt to hold off his climax until his wife is also approach­ing her orgasm. A woman’s sexual constitution is such that she requires the friction and motion of the phallos on the walls of the vagina to reach her climax. This will take time, and a premature ejaculation almost always leaves a wife unsatisfied.

Therefore, the husband will have to judge his wife’s progress by her mounting excitment, the way she cooperates in the move­ments and the way she breathes. An obvious indication of sex­ual advancement during coitus is the woman’s breathing more rapidly. Sorne wives will sigh, and some very passionate wives may begin to bite or to dig their fingernails into their partners chest, neck or arms.

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The Climax or Orgasm

A woman is capable of achieving two types of orgasms, the clitoridal and the vaginal. The clitoridal orgasm can be accom­plished more quickly, is of shorter duration, less intensity and can be repeated more quickly than a vaginal orgasm. While there is a certain relationship between the two, the vaginal orgasm takes longer to achieve, is of greater intensity and cannot be repeated as quickly. This is because the vaginal or­gasm involves a greater discharge of energy. The ultimate in erotic sensations is for the woman to achieve both types of orgasm simultaneously. In order to accomplish this, both part­ners must be aware of the two distinct different climaxes and try to discharge both areas. If coitus is continued for a long enough period of time, the vaginal climax is generally brought on by the friction of the phallus. The clitoridal climax can be brought on by either partner. It depends on what position is used during intercourse. This position should be one that allows the phallos to stimulate the clitoris. If this contact is not made, the clitoris will have to be stimulated manually.

The male experiences only one kind of orgasm, but this can vary greatly in intensity. This will depend on the degree of pre-coital stimulation, the length of coitus, the movements of the wife during coitus, the length of time since his last dis­charge, etc. Unfortunately, most husbands will reach their climax in less than five minutes. The average woman cannot achieve her orgasm in so short a time. However, with proper instruction and practice, it is possible for the husband to post­pone and hold back his climax for a much greater length of time.

It is when the husband is capable of withholding his ejacula­tion for at least a half hour that the wife can actually experience several orgasms. In the female there is no discharge of fluid during the climax, such as the male experiences. Ins-

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tead, there is a series of spasmadic sensations in the vagina and clitoris, similar to those the man also experiences, but generally of a Jess violent nature. The woman’s sensations last as long as a man’s and is accompanied by a quickened or even gasping breath. When this dies away the woman finds herself com­pletely spent and relaxed.

In cases when the woman reaches her orgasm first, it will not be too uncomfortable for the husband to continue on to his climax. Many wives are able to achieve several climaxes to their husbands one. This is especially true of a very passionate woman. The average wife will usually find that she requires the seminal discharge of the husband, or at least the throbbing action of the phallos precipating the ejaculation, to bring on her own orgasm. This, so to speak, sets her own mechanism in motion. These tripping devices are known as the convulsive orgasm and the ejaculative orgasm. The woman’s orgasm will only be set off, naturally, if she is close to approaching her climax at the time.

In the woman the actual physical manifestations consist in the main of throbbings, pulsations or contractions around the genital area and the lower abdomen. These contractions are rhythmic and involuntary and are concentrated around the regions of the vulva, vagina and clitoris.

Sometimes the con­tractions extend to other muscles of the body, too, and there may even be a few general convulsivelike movements at the time of orgasm. As a general rule, the local throbbings are fairly strong and distinct and the woman is usually definitely aware of their occurrence. Sometimes, however, the contractions are rather feeble and transient, so that the woman is barely con­scious of them. The orgasm of the woman subsides more slowly and gradually than of the male and its duration may there­fore be more prolonged.

In instances when the husband reaches his climax first, he should not withdraw immediately but should assist his

47

wife by every possible means to have her orgasm. If she requires addi­tional stimulation she can squeeze the phallos with her vaginal muscles in a rhythmic manner. He may also try to assist her manually.

Both the emotional and erotic sensations, as well as the be­ havior of the individual during the climax, are subject to con­ siderable variation in both the man and woman, depending upon individual sensitivity and general intensity of emotional response. In some, the sexual pleasure may be comparatively slight, while in others it may reach the height of mental and physical exultation. Between these two extremes there is a wide range of graduations of sensual response.

The Alter-Play Most wives desire a period of after-play following the or­gasm.

Unfortunately, however, most husbands fail to realize this and drop off to sleep immediately following intercourse. The man must be made to realize that just as a woman is slower to respond than he, so it takes more time for her emotions to subside. Consequently, a wife will soon begin to feel a Iittle disappointed, even though she may have experienced a satis­ fying orgasm, to have to lie in bed and listen to her husband breathing deeply in sleep. Additional kissing or fondling, and intimate conversation is quite necessary to the ultimate satis­ faction for a woman.

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VII. Coital positions

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Husband-Above Positions

(1) This is perhaps the commonest position used among peo­

ple of the western world. ln this position, the wife lies fiat on her back. She separates her legs and bends up her knees, thus providing easy access to her vagina. The husband lies between her legs, bending over her and supporting himself on his el­ bows and knees. In this position he can guide the phallos into the vagina with his free hand. Care must be taken to make the proper connection before beginning to apply pressure. To as­ sist in this, it is most desirable and helpful for the woman either to assist him in guiding the phallos or place the phallus into the vagina herself. The husband then proceeds while support­ing himself on his elbows and knees.

(2) While this may be one of the commonest positions in use,

it is not necessarily the most desirable because it is very tiring if continued for any length of time. After the insertion the wife should straighten her left leg, and the husband should put his right leg outside of hers so that her left leg is then be­tween his two. This position permits the husband to rest most of his weight on his left side and thus leaves his right arm free to caress his wife as desired.

(3) From position one, it is possible to switch to what is known

as the extreme flexion position with little trouble. The woman simply lifts her legs in the air as high as they will go. The husband assumes a kneeling position and places the wom­an’s legs on top of his shoulders. While the woman uses her hands in keeping her balance, her husband inserts his phallus into her vagina. This position has several advantages. Greater pressure is effected in this position than in position one. Thus this position is especially effective when the wife’s vagina is a bit relaxed, as after several births, or when she is naturally a little

51

too large for her husband. This position also allows complete pene­tration and is therefore quite effective for husbands with small organs whose wives require the greatest possible degree of penetration. A disadvantage of this position is that because the penis is entering at an angle, the glans is under a more than usual strain and inexperienced husbands will find it difficult to per­form without ejaculating prematurely. Also, while this posi­tion enables the wif e to make a great variety of movements it is very tiring for her, so it would be wise to use this position shortly before climax, while beginning intercourse with posi­tion one or two.

(4) In this position the woman lies with her legs together and

her husband mounts her, placing both legs outside of hers.

This position is especially advantageous when the husband is a little too long for his wife’s vagina, as penetration is not very deep.

(5) This position is the opposite of position four. While on her

back, the wife spreads her knees out as far as possible in order to expose the vulva for the greatest possible penetration. She may vary the angle of her legs in order to relieve the pres­sure on her and to modify the pressure on the penis.

(6) This is a variation of position four. The couple assumes

the same position, with the husband’s legs on the outside.

Then, the husband places his insteps under the soles of his wife’s feet. This gives him a strong hold for the movements of coitus. The wife’s legs can be spread apart slightly and closed tightly later during climax.

(7) In this position, the wife lies on her back and the hus­

band mounts her in the usual manner. After the connection is made, the woman raises her legs and locks them behind her

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husband’s back. In this position she may raise or lower her legs as far as desired, as long as they do not interfere with the coital movements.

(8) This is known as the suspensory position. For this varia­tion

the wife sits on the edge of the bed with her feet on the floor.

She lies back on the bed in such a manner that her feet are still on the floor and her thighs press against the bed. The husband then separates his legs apart so that he can stand between her thighs. He then bends over her, using his hands on either side of her to brace himself. The wife proceeds to take the phallus and insert it into her vagina. This position provides great stimulation to the clitoris, because the base of the penis presses strongly against the woman’s pubic region.

(9) In this position the wife lies fiat upon her back and brings

her knees up to her chest as far as possible. She may place a pillow under her buttocks for comfort. Her husband then mounts her, supporting himself by placing his arms across her legs. After the connection is made the wife can use her hands to assist her in holding her legs up.

(10) This is a variation of position one. In this variation the

wife closes her legs and stretches them out as much as pos­sible.

The husbands thighs thus enclose and grip hers. This position is useful for providing additional stimulation for the husband.

It is also very stimulating for the wife. However, penetration is not as deep in this arrangement, but it can be brought up to a maximum by placing a pillow under the but­tocks of the wife so that the vulva is thrust up as much as possible.

(11) In this arrangement the wife lies on her back with her legs

spread apart so that the husband can approach between her legs. After the connection has been made, the wife wraps one

53

leg around the husband’s back or down around his legs. The other leg can either be bent or left flat. If bent at the knee, it can be swung slowly back and forth to increase or decrease the pressure on the phallus.

(12) In this position, the wife lies on her back with her legs

close together. After the husband mounts her and effects the penetration he proceeds with the coital movements in a sitting up position. This arrangement is greatly effective when the husband’s penis is too long for his wife, for the penetration is reduced. It is desirable at any time when complete penetration is not wanted.

(13) For this position the wife lies on her back in the usual

manner with one leg straight out and the other is bent and raised, so that the husband lies at a slightly diagonal angle across her.

(14) In this position the wife lies on her back and the inser­tion

is made in the usual manner. After the connection is made, the husband rolls to one side so that his body is at an angle to the woman’s. The effect of this position is to increase pressure on the vagina when insufficient pressure results from the usual parallel position. The husband can caress the woman’s breast with bis free band.

(15) In this position the wife lies on her stomach. In order to

prevent the penis from slipping out of her vagina she can place some pillows under her pubic region or press her thighs close together.

Wile-Above Positions (16) This is one of the oldest and most popular of the wife

­above positions. For this variation the husband lies on his back

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with his legs straight out, side by side. The wife sits astride him facing him, with her legs drawn up under her in a kneeling position. In order to effect this penetration she has to sit as far back as possible and high enough so that she can grasp his phallos and make the insertion. Then she slowly Iowers her­ self onto her husband’s body. By angling her legs she can vary the amount of penetration. She may accommodate only part of the penis at the beginning of coitus and gradually progress until she has effected full penetration by sitting directly atop her husband. In this position the woman is given unlimited freedom in movement, and it is for this reason a favored posi­ tion for many women, especially those with sufficient experi­ ence in coitus.

(17) This is a variation of the last position. The husband

brings his knees up behind his mate so that she may rest her back against them. It can be used by itself, or in conjunction with position 16, to provide relaxation.

(18) This is another variation of position 16. The woman lies

over her husband, using her arms or elbows for support.

(19) In this position the husband lies on his back and the wo-

man mounts him in such a way that her back is to him. She has to make the insertion by keeping her buttocks raised and then slowly lowering them to receive the penis.

(20) In this variation of position 19, the husband lies on his

back with his feet over the side of the bed. His wife mounts him as in position nineteen.

(21) This is another variation of position nineteen. The wife

mounts ber husband in the same way and then leans for­ward at about a forty-five degree angle, supporting herself by gras-

55

ping ber husband’s legs with ber bands. Any of these varia­tions of position 19 may be utilized du ring the same act of coitus.

(22) This is the reverse of the last position. The wife faces the

husband and leans over to a forty-five degree angle, sup­porting herself with ber bands on bis legs.

(23) In this arrangement, the wife mounts the husband as in

position 19. She then proceeds as in position 21, except that the husband brings his knees up so that the woman may place ber arms around them and thus help support herself.

(24) In this position, the husband lies on bis back, and the wife,

upon making the insertion, may place one leg between bis.

(25) In this arrangement the husband lies on bis back, turned

slightly to one side. The wife lies in front of him with her back to him. She bends ber body to match bis angle. She places ber lower leg out in front of her husband’s lower leg. She then places ber upper leg over her husband’s upper leg. In this manner, the husband approaches ber from behind, between her legs.

(26) When the husband and wife encounter any trouble with

the shaft slipping out of the vagina in any of the wife-above positions, the wife can bring one foot forward so that it is com­ pletely stretched out.

(27) In this position, the husband lies on bis back and the wife

mounts him with her back facing him. After the pene­tration is effected the husband draws up bis knees and the wife bends forward between them, resting herself on her elbows.

(28) For this arrangement the husband lies on his back and the

wife mounts him while facing him. She than brings both feet

56

straight out in front of her, and the husband grasps them so she will have a firm control of her movements.

(29) With the couple in the same position as position 28, the

woman leans backward as far as she can go, while the husband holds her hands.

(30) From position 29, the woman may lean all the way back

until she is lying on her back between her husband’s legs. In this position she can control the actions with her buttocks, with short swift motions, up, down, sideways, and even backwards and forward. The stimulation may be varied by the husband seizing the wife’s legs and spreading them apart slowly as far as possible without causing pain to the wife, then bringing them back together again.

(31) For this arrangement, the husband lies on his back and

the wife straddles him while facing him. After making the connection she leans forward until her head and breasts touch her husband’s chest.

(32) This is the opposite of position 31. The wife straddles her

husband with her back to him and then leans over so that her head and breast touch the bed between her husband’s legs. In all such positions, the husband may assist in the movements by placing his bands on his wife’s buttocks.

On-the-Side Positions

(33) The on-the-si de positions are popular because they en-

able the couple to attain a high degree of comfort and rest.

While the wife lies on her back the husband places himself between her legs and makes the connection. He then places one of his legs outside hers and the couple lean to one side so that the husband’s outside leg is on the bottom. This arran-

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gement is advantageous because neither partner is resting his weight on the other partner. Also, the wife has great freedom in move­ment and can control penetration to suit her desires.

The hands are lef t free for caresses.

(34) In this position the woman lies on her back with her legs

separated so that her husband can mount between them. After penetration the couple rolls over so that they are on their sicles. This arrangement enables both partners to perform coïtai movements satisfactorily. The couple can roll over to the other side when the limbs of one partner are tired.

(35) This position is the same as the last except that the wife

draws her legs together behind her husband and clasps them behind his back.

(36) This arrangement is the opposite of position 34. The

husband’s legs are on the outside. Because this position re­ stricts penetration, it is desirable where the husband’s organ is too long for his wife and where deep penetration is not wanted.

(37) For this position, the husband and wife lie on their sides,

facing each other. The woman lifts her uppermost leg and bends it sharply at the hip and then places it on top of her husband’s hip. From this position, the insertion is effected. To assist in maintaining contact, the husband places his free hand on his wife’s buttocks and draws her to him.

(38) In this arrangement, the wife lies on her back with her

legs spread apart, and the husband places himself between them. After the connection has been made, they roll over on their sides. Then the wife draws the upper portion of her body away from the husband, at the same time thrusting her legs straight out past him, so that the wife is at a right angle to her

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husband. She may, if desired, Iock her legs around his back.

(39) For this position, the husband lies on his side and the

wife places herself on her side with her back to him. In order to make the connection the wife swings her upper leg over her husband’s upper leg. Because of the angle of the organs, the connection cannot usually be maintained unless the woman leans forward. The husband must be sure to keep close contact with his wife or penetration may be too shallow.

The Seated Positions

(40) In this arrangement the husband sits on a low chair or

stool with his knees slightly parted. His wife sits facing him suspended across his thighs, her buttocks hanging between his legs. From this angle the husband is able to gain access to her vulva and lift or lower her pelvis as he desires. The penis is then inserted with a strong downward pressure. The woman’s feet rest on the floor, enabling her to make the necessary move­ ments while supporting some of her weight. The wife is able to regulate the stimulation by the to and fro motion of her hips.

If she decreases the pelvic angle by bending backward slightly and thrusting her vulva up and toward her husband, complete penetration will result. When complete penetration is accomplished, the organs fit perfectly and stimulation from muscular vibration of the vaginal wall are possible. An ad­vantage of the seated position over the astride is that both partners are free to engage in the movements. However, the movements in this position are often somewhat uneven.

(41) In the flight arrangement the husband sits with his thighs

slightly separated. His wife sits on his lap with her back to him, resting her bands on his knees. She sits as far back as possible and spreads her legs apart to facilitate the connect10n_ by opening her vulva. By arching her loins and leaning fo:­

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ward while the husband leans backward there is less possibility of the penis slipping out of the vagina during copulating.

Since the woman is completely free, she can engage in various moments which are not easily effected in other coital posi­tions. A recommended movement is a rotary or circular motion performed with the hips which is especially effective if the hus­band performs the same type of motion in the opposite direction.

(42) This arrangement is a modification of position 40. When

the climax is nearly at hand the husband rises to his feet and the wife Iocks her legs around his waist. This added stim­ulus generally brings on the climax immediately.

(43) In this position the husband sits down with his wife astride

him, facing him with her knees drawn up on either side of him so that she is actually sitting on her knees which are resting on the chair. It is best performed on a large chair or sofa so that the husband may be allowed to lean backward.

(44) This is similar to position 43 except that the wife sits on

her knees with her back to her husband, while resting her arms on his knees or on the edges of the chair.

(45) In this arrangement the husband sits with his legs crossed

beneath him, and the wife lies on her back in front of him close enough so that he may grip her legs and draw them up on either side of him, resting them on his thighs. The woman may arch her knees so her feet drop to the floor. Her husband’s hands would then be under her knees or they can grip her legs elsewhere. The husband can assist the wife while she performs the movements in this position by placing his bands under her buttocks.

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Kneeling-Standing Positions

(46) In this position, the woman assumes a kneeling posi­

tion with her head down on the bed. Her buttocks extend far enough over the side of the bed so that her mate can move between ber legs and thus enter her vagina. He assumes a standing position, and the wife brings her legs together as much as possible in order to tighten her hold on the penis.

The husband assists in the coital movements with his bands on her buttocks.

(47) This method is the same as position 46 except that the

husband bends over the wife, while supporting himself on either side and using the other hand to caress his wife’s breasts.

(48) For this method, the woman lies on her stomach on the edge of her bed with her feet on the floor. She spreads her legs apart and the husband, in a kneeling position between them, guides his membrum into her vaginal opening.

(49) This position is the same as position 48 except that the

woman brings her legs back and locks them behind ber husband.

(50) The woman assumes the knee-chest position on the

floor. Her partner approaches her from behind and makes the connection on his knees. He places his hands on her buttocks to assist in the motions. She should keep her thighs tightly together so that she can grip the phallos.

(51) For this variation, the woman stands at the side of the

bed, spreads her legs and lowers her body over some pil­lows placed on the edge of the bed. In this manner her feet are fiat on the floor, her pelvic region is projected up by the pillows and her head rests on the bed, creating a satisfactory pelvic angle so that her mate can enter between her legs.

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(52) In this position the wife kneels and brings her body down

in front, supporting herself on her straightened arms and the palms of her bands. If this position becomes too tiring after some time, the woman can drop down onto her elbows.

(53) In this arrangement, the wife kneels and bends over some

object such as a hassock to support her weight and the husband approaches on his knees. He bends backward in order to affect the insertion, then presses up against the wife’s but­tocks with his legs on the outside.

(54) For this variation the wife sits on her knees on the edge

of the bed, with her buttocks facing her husband. He stands behind her. She will have to Jean over in order to present her vagina at a satisfactory angle, so that it will not slip out.

(55) For this position the woman lies on the bed on her

back with her legs projected over the edge. Her husband approaches and after the connection is made, the wife locks her legs be­hind him. She then brings her arms about his neck and he stands upright, pressing her to him. This is known as the Orien­tal Tree position. This position cannot be maintained for a long period of time, unless the husband is strong and the wife light.

(56) This is perhaps the most popular of the standing posi­

tions. The woman merely bends over, with her hands on her knees, and spreads her legs apart. The husband approaches from behind, makes the connection and uses his hands to help support her by bringing them around her waist.

(57) This is a variation of 56, except that the husband Jeans

over his wife so that his chest contacts her back. She can, vary the pressure on the penis by changing the angle of her legs.

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(58) For this arrangement the couple stands facing each other.

The wife separates her legs, and after the connection has been made she brings her thighs together as much as pos­sible. Penetration is not very deep in this position.

(59) For this position the wife bends over a higher object, such

as a table. It may be any object high enough so that her husband can stand comfortably behind her.

(60) This is the same as position 59, except that the hus­band

leans over the wife. The two positions may be combined, with the couple alternating from one to the other.

(61) For this arrangement, the couple stands face to face and

the wife brings up one leg. The husband seizes the leg and the wife then bends the leg at the knee and lets it fall behind the husband. The leg is in the same position as if she were going to bring up the other and Iock them behind him.

Miscellaneous Positions

(62) When actual intercourse into the vagina is not desired,

rear entry intercourse can be practiced as a pleasing variation. In this arrangement the wife lies on her stomach with legs spread well apart. The husband lies over her and then iriserts the penis between her thighs. He must be careful to support most of his weight on his elbows and knees. With the phallos manipulated in this manner it glides gently over the folds of the vulva and caresses the clitoris. The wife can adjust the pressure of her thighs to match the friction offered by her va­gina on the penis. The woman may use her hand to assist the phallos.

(63) For this position the woman lies on her back and rai ses

her legs into the air so her husband can corne in under them

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on his side, facing her, and at right angles to her. After the connection has been effected, the wife extends her legs over him.

(64) This is known as the wheelbarrow position. The woman

assumes the knee-chest arrangement on the floor and the hus­ band moves in between her legs and effects the connection.

He then grasps the woman’s legs, brings them around his waist and has the woman Iock her legs around him. He then stands up with the woman’s head and arms still on the floor.

She may rest on a pillow for comfort. The husband presses forward slowly until he has completely penetrated the vagina.

This posi­tion is one of the few rear entry positions in which the clitoris cornes in contact with the penis. In this manner, the sensitive clitoris is constantly subjected to stimulation.

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VIII. Masturbation auto-erotism

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The term masturbation itself is of Latin origin, being derived from the words hand-defilement. Thus, in its original meaning, the term referred only to the manipulation of the genitals with the hand. Today its scope has been broadened to include vir­tually all types of sexual relations; used to achieve an orgasm other than normal intercourse. This expanded definition in­cludes the use of the mouth, anus, breasts, buttocks, etc. Some women find that their entire body is erogenic and any portion may be used to achieve a sexual climax. Often a lover’s caress is sufficient to bring on an orgasm. Such hyper-sensitive cases generally improve with more experience but the erogenic zones are still greater than usual. In addition, there are the cases known as «psychological masturbation» in which no direct contact is necessary. The sight of a person has been known to bring on an orgasm. In even more extreme cases, the mere thought of the person will accomplish the same thing.

Havelock Ellis defines masturbation as «the phenomenon of spontaneous sexual excitement without any direct or indirect stimulus from another person.» Thus the sexual impulse is awakened to activity and carried on to the climax without the instrument commonly regarded as normally necessary, a heter­osexual partner.

The act of masturbation has taken on different meanings to different individuals. In the past it was held responsible for just about every ailment known to man. Even today, many chil­dren are warned that indulging in such acts will result in blindness or even insanity. Actually, these warnings are base­less. When the first studies in masturbation were initiated, about one hundred fifty years ago, the inmates of insane asy­lums were the first to be used as guinea pigs because they were the easiest subjects available, and in some cases the only ones. No really scientific investigations were conducted,

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only super­ficial observations were recorded and conclusions were recorded as facts. Many of the inmates of these public institutions were observed masturbating, with no effort made to conceal the practice. This led to the conclusion that the practice of mas­turbation had been responsible for the patient’s mental con­dition. Such a conclusion was, of course, absolutely absurd. They might just as well have attributed the patient’s mental state to the fact that he wore glasses. He, or she, merely prac­ticed in public what others performed in private.

While the practice of masturbation cannot altogether be condoned under all circumstances, there has arisen in recent years a much more tolerant attitude toward the practice. While the act, in any of its forms or modifications (such as mutual masturbation) cannot produce the same results physically and psychologically as normal intercourse, it is often a much health­ier idea to indulge in such artificial gratification rather than to abstain completely for any length of time. The practice of com­plete abstinence can actually be more harmful than masturba­tion because it builds up nervous tension and anxiety. This results because everyone has a natural sex urge.

It varies in different persons of course, but in any case it must be expended one way or another. Of course masturbation is not a solution in itself. This practice often builds up nervous tension from fear of detection. The solution is to be aware of what mastur­bation will and will not accomplish. Another factor involved is the frequency of indulgence. As little as possible is a good rule to follow.

Under such circumstances, masturbation can be considered a normal process. In no sense can it be considered abnormal since it is universally indulged in by both male and female at one time or another. In fact, it would be considerably more logical to consider the Jack of masturbatory practice, especially in children, as considerably more unnatural. It

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can only be considered abnormal when the subject deliberately chose this avenue of release in preference to actual intercourse.

This does not refer to individuals, and especially women, who find inter­course unsatisfactory for one reason or another and who resort to self-stimulation in order to obtain gratification.

The type of fear that prevents a person from even attempting normal in­tercourse is obviously a neurotic manifestation and presents an entirely different problem.

Childhood Experiments in Masturbation

The great majority of children learn to masturbate uninten­ tionally. They may discover a pleasurable sensation when rub­bing against a blanket, or are initiated into the practice by an­other child while playing games. A small number of children hear of the practice and attempt to induce the sensation de­liberately. At about the age of five or six it is common for children to be introduced to masturbatory practices when play­ ing various games, such as «Doctor.» This is usually indulged in to view the other sex’s genitals and as such is almost always restricted to a boy and a girl, sometimes even brother and sister. If the game is restricted to merely the viewing of the nude forms, nothing generally results as the children aren’t developed sufficiently sexually to become stimulated simply by touching the other’s organs. Even upon touch it does not always result, at 1east not immediately. The regular voluptuous sensations must be aroused before the child will attempt to produce the same feeling individually at a later time.

Often such games are not even necessary for providing op­portunities for a boy and girl to undress and examine each other. A boy, especially at a slightly older age, may merely ask the girl if she has ever seen a penis. If the answer is no, her education is immediately broadened. Even if the answer is yes, the girl usually offers no objection to viewing the organ again. However, her interest is very seldom of a sexual nature. She is only curious

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to inspect that which she does not possess. Frequently it is the girl who takes the initiative and exposes her vulva. A child sees nothing wrong with understanding how the other sex is constituted. This is a perfectly natural desire. Any obscene thoughts are obviously in the mind of the parent. A very enthusiastic girl may hold the boy’s penis or even per­suade him to urinate in her presence. The testicles also may provide a good deal of interest, the young girl often desiring to manipulate the testes in the loose scrotum. Parents who dis­cover their children in such acts find it very difficult to be­lieve that the children do not possess sexual interest in such experiments.

It has been found that masturbation is more common in the young girl than in the boy, because it is necessary for the boy to first effect an erection. This requires considerable pressure and stimulation to accomplish, whereas in the young girl only a slight pressure on the clitoris may be sufficient to arouse sen­sual feeling and even a complete wetting of the vulva.

In discussions of masturbatory practices, the majority of ob­servations will deal with feminine practices, because women have a much greater latitude in autoerotic practices.

The most common form of female indulgence is clitorine masturbation. Manipulating the clitoris gently with the finger tips is greatly satisfying.

Many girls actually masturbate for years without discover­ing the clitoris. This is not difficult to understand because upon examining herself, the girl isn’t apt to notice it, because the vaginal orifice captures her initial attention.

Having detected pleasurable sensations from intentional or unintentional man­ipulation of the vulva, this new discovery immediately becomes the abject of future exploration. Many young girls spread the lips of the vulva apart to find out where the urine opening is. The vaginal orifice, being so much larger and obvious, leads many girls to the conclusion that it is the outlet for the urine. In fact, many grown women and wives

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continue to accept this superficial conclusion. Girls who bave not yet discovered their clitoris indulge primarily in vaginal masturbation. They merely plunge their finger in and out of the vagina until the greatest degree of voluptuous sensation is created. The girl usually discovers this procedure by wondering where the vagina leads to. She first thrusts a finger inside.

It is usually a thrilling ex­perience and the immediate impulse is to thrust the finger in and out as fast as possible. Due to the upward slant of the vagina, the front wall receives the greatest pressure.

At about this time a girl may enlist the aid of a young boy, possibly a neighbor or relative. She is more apt to select a boy younger than she because he is more easily induced to perform what she has in mind. She usually begins by finding a reason to go nude in his presence, and then persuades him to undress too. Then she may attempt to fondle his penis and even try to masturbate him. She may also desire him to fondle or kiss her vulva.

Some teen-age girls are introduced to masturbation by boys, generally older than themselves. These boys use the process to get a girl excited or «hot» when they have sexual intercourse in mind. Being rather inexperienced, they often over-do the stimulation, resulting in the girl’s having an orgasm. The girl will remove her finger too late. Under such circumstances the girl won’t enjoy coitus even if it is attempted.

She may be left with the idea that masturbation is much more satisfying than sexual intercourse.

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Technique of Masturbation The techniques of masturbation are varied. The commonest one might ask why some people sexually love their own reflections and prefer this form of sexual pleasure, rather than heterosexual relationships? To begin with, we all love our­selves first, last and most. In the normal person, however, ex­perience enables one to see the advantage of drawing upon this treasury of self-love and investing some of it in the love of others; in a vast number of individuals, however, this process is inhibited. For a variety of reasons; sometimes lack of self confidence, sometimes a fear of deprecation by others, some­times because of painful love experiences and sometimes be­cause of faulty training in childhood - this cannot be done. For people such as these a deep and true relationship with another person is impossible, except on such a basis as feeds this self-love instead of detracting from it.

People like these may fall in love but they usually fall in love with people who are like themselves; with people who flatter them, who feed their vanity and build up their self­confidence by a constant process of emotional nourishment. The sexual problems of such persons are manifest. In the sex­ual act, such persons may be at times very potent, particularly if the circumstances of the sex act are such that their vanity is flattered, their feeling of omnipotence encouraged. This is not real sexual potency, however, and such individuals sooner or later are apt to meet with disaster. They are very proud of their sexual organs and, indeed, it is not inaccurate to say that such persons prefer masturbation to sexual intercourse. Such intercourse as they perform is frequently only a kind of intra­ vaginal masturbation and as such is really a kind of impotency which sooner or later becomes manifest.

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IX.Sexual deviations

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Exhibitionism - Indecent Exposure

A rather startling form of sexual expression is that of ex­hibitionism, also known as «indecent exposure.» It involves public exposure of the sexual organs to other individuals. The exhibitionist thus derives a sexual stimulus to his libido and then enjoys masturbation as a climax for this sexual pleasure.

Specifically, exhibitionism has reference to an illegal display of the penis. Actually, the exhibitionist is timid, sexually, and his need to have his penis accepted as a symbol of virility has become pathological ... Exhibitionism is a step beyond pure narcissism, in that it seeks the favor of another person.

It is a juvenile form of sexual expression beyond which some men are never able to progress, and to which others regress when frustrated in attempts at more adult forms of sexual behavior. The exhibitionist is basically insecure, especially in regard to his sexual powers, and in exposing his sexual organs he is seeking approval from someone whom he hopes to please and impress. This need for approval requires repeated reassurance, and as sexual excitement is associated with the anticipated ap­proval, the exhibitionistic act becomes an habituai mode of sexual expression.

The exhibitionist finds an adequate equivalent to coitus by simple means of exhibiting his sexual organs to a member of the opposite sex. There are several causative factors for exhibitionism. The person may fear Jose of his sex organs through a castration anxiety. He has guilt feelings or doubtful fears about virility which creates impotence. Only through ex­hibiting himself does he restore his sense of confidence. Basic­ally, the exhibitionist desires to impress the onlooker with his masculinity; something about which he is not quite sure himself.

Exhibitionism is abnormal when it is practiced in public, to the exclusion of mutual coitus, and when it ends in

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masturba­tion. However, it is perfectly normal for a husband or wife to want to be admired by a display of the sexual parts.

Physical attractiveness and sensual arousal followed by exposure of the sexual parts are acceptedly normal when the end result is a consummation of heterosexual relationships. Here again, when a person who seeks flattery and admiration from a mari­tal partner is denied this necessary indulgence, he may be led to seek it elsewhere in public. A wise mate will give the ex­hibitionistically-inclined person the flattery that is so desper­ ately sought and needed.

Here is a case history of exhibitionism, from a noted doctor in this field: «Warren was a college student whose studies were inter­rupted by the war. His exhibitionistic tendencies continued after he had had satisfying relations with women. «In college I got the idea that it might be some source of satisfaction if I could exhibit myself to girls passing on the street. Mentally I was appeased. Sometime later I masturbated, and that took care of the physical part. If I happened to know the people I wouldn’t do anything about it. I always took the precaution to see that they were strangers. In college there had been a lot of talk about sex, but I didn’t know what it was all about. I had had lots of dates with respectable girls but no experience except for minor petting.

A few months before I started exposing myself, a couple of boys got the idea of going to a house of ill repute.

I was talked into the deal. I went along mainly for the ride. It was a very distasteful experience. I undressed but I couldn’t get an erec­tion. She tried for about twenty minutes and then said she didn’t have all day to play around. I felt glad that I wasn’t able to do anything, because I didn’t want to contaminate myself.

A couple of times while I was in the Army I had relations with a girl. It was fairly satisfying, but I think I’m aroused

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too easily. All the time I was in the Army I was fighting a ter­ rifie battle with myself. I didn’t know then what exhibitionism was, but I was getting satisfaction out of it. One woman told her husband, and later on I learned that he had had his rifle trained on me. It was mainly to scare me away.

I exhibit myself and then masturbate. Sometimes I don’t masturbate, but I receive some sort of satisfaction out of it. I don’t know what. I always have the thought in my mind that I might just strike some woman who was attracted to me and that I might have sex with her.

In recent months I have been going with a particular girl.

I told her about my exhibitionism and she said she would do anything to help me. I get enough satisfaction from kissing her.

I think I would like to marry her, but I’m having a little spat with her now. My one fault is that I am not masterful enough. l’ve not decided whether I want to marry this girl. My doubt may be caused in part by my exhibitionism. When it hap­pens I feel very badly about it.»

Below is a case of exhibitionism combined with scoptophilia: Larry was the next to the youngest of eight children.

His father was emotionally unstable, his mother died when he was twelve, his oldest brother was separated from a neurotic and frigid wife, and two of his older sisters had been divorced.

Larry had always felt insecure and he was emotionally and economically dependent upon his oldest brother. In spite of this, he gave an impression of being a virile male because he was sexually excitable. At the age of thirty-two he had been divorced three years. He had been employed at one time as a stevedore and at another as a guard for a well-known detec­tive agency.

«When I was ten, a boy about the same age taught me how to masturbate. In high school I felt inferior, had a sense of guilt and was scared of girls. The last year I began to snap out of it. One of my teachers seduced me. She was

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nearly old enough to be my mother. I felt shy in class after that.

The first year in college I had a platonic affair with a girl but we soon drifted apart. Sometimes I regret this. She might have straight­ened me out. I continued to feel frustrated and lost. In my last year in college I was living with my sister in an apartment house. Across the courtyard were a couple of nudists who went around half-naked, and I exhibited myself to them at the win­dow with the lights on. After three or four repetitions they reported me. I was given a suspended sentence.

During the summer after I graduated, I started carrying on with a girl. She wanted to be with me and I felt the same. She said that her doctor told her she couldn’t become pregnant, but she did. I married her without much hesitation, but I felt forced into it. I didn’t give my best to her. After the child was born, she went to work. I acted as nurse maid. She gradually became cool toward me, especially when she discovered that a man was interested in her. I probably took too many liberties with her. She asked for a separation and I agreed. I tried to patch things up, but I didn’t make much progress. I felt more and more frustrated sexually. Not long after we separated, I was arrested for peeping at the neighbors. I was sent to prison for a year as a lewd person, and my wife then obtained a divorce. Since then I have been living with my brother. I don’t like to take just any sort of job, and I can’t get a decent one because of my record. l’ve gotten into a terrible schedule. I stay up half the night and sleep half the day. I haven’t had any relations with women, but l sit around in restaurants where I can look at girls.»

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Sadism - Pleasure in Administering Pain

The term sadism is derived from the surname of an eigh­teenth century novelist, the Marquis de Sade, who, in connec­tion with sex orgies, was notorious for his physical abuse of women. ln its more specific meaning, it refers to sexual pleasure incited by inflicting pain upon another person.

Sadism is a method of sexual stimulation in which the per­son becomes erotically aroused when he whips, spanks, cuts or otherwise inflicts pain upon the sexual partner. It has been discovered that the sadist’s libido cannot be stimulated unless foreplay is accompanied by some form of cruelty. This would lead the mind to believe that ail sadists indulge in such prac­tices as whipping, torturing or slave-like bondage. Actually, most individuals with sadistic tendencies are quite content to limit their practices to marital spankings and other more mild outlets. These are greatly exhilarating to the average sad­ ist. Of course sadism has its extremely cruel side. but generally speaking, if normally utilized as a means of stimulation it can be helpful, providing both parties are agreeable. It is when it replaces the sex act and does not lead to coitus as an end result, that it becomes abnormal.

Following is a case of marital spanking, taken from a tape re­corded interview from the New York School of Social Research:

«I find nothing so pleasurable as to haYe my wife’s bottom relaxed across my lap, completely unprotected, awaiting my job of turning them from pure white to the rosy red that I limit myself to attaining. The fact that I have done this many times during the 21 years that we haYe been married increases rather than reduces the pleasure each time. She never hurries me, and I often take as much ten minutes just caressing the buttocks, or lifting her up slightly, so I can look part way in to where I spend much of my time after this delightful occupa­

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tion. Suddenly I grasp her between the legs-which she does not mind, and which she has learned is the signal I am about to begin. She tightens her buttocks and I descend with the first smack. My swats are well-placed, each one having a meaning of its own. As I spank, my joy reaches a climactic point and upon its completion I am emotionally exhausted. I must say it is at this time I feel a strange regret at ha,·ing to inflict such punishment upon this beautiful bottom, but my dear wife never complains and lies there obediently until I remove her from across my lap. I must admit too, that the sight of tears brimming in her eyes brings some additional pleasure to me, and this helps to prepare me for what has happened after nearly every spanking that I can remember, complete fulfillment through the sex act.»

Here is another example of sadism, taken from «Psycho­pathia Sexualis» :

Case 39. «P., age twenty-two, of independent means and heavily tainted by heredity, was an accidenta} witness to the governess chastising his fourteen year old sister, on the anus, between the knees. This made a deep impression on him, and thereafter he had a constant desire to see and touch his sister’s buttocks. Being clever, he succeeded. At age seven, two of his playmates were small girls, one of which was tiny and thin, the other rather plump. He played the role of a father chastis­ing the children. He spanked the lean girl over her clothes. The plump little ten-year-old, however, allowed him to smack her bare bottom. This resulted in great sensual pleasure and crec­ tion. One day, after being chastised in this manner, the girl asked him to look at her vagina. He refused, being disinterested.

At the age of nine, he became friendly with a slightly older boy.

One day they came across a picture presenting a flagellation at a monk’s monastery. P. soon persuaded his friend to enact the scene. The scene was repeated often. P found that he received no pleasure in the passive mie. This relation­ship between the

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two continued until they reached manhood, and P. always ejaculated during the flagellation. His friend regarded him as the dominant and superior being. Twice, dur­ing this period, he tried this procedure on other persons. Once he smacked the bare posterior of a nursemaid, and once he at­tempted to flog a little girl, whose cries frightened him away.

He never felt any desire to masturbate, or to have coitus with girls, or have antipathie sexual relations. He practiced «Sadism-Fetishism.» His mind pictured situations in which he flagellated his younger brother, a nursemaid or a nun ;his invented stories always ended in flagellation. He made drawings of bare female buttocks and flagellation scenes and ransacked the libraries for books of a sadistic nature. His thoughts pro­ gressed even to the extent of murdering his victims. This frightened him, and the ever-recurring ejaculations brought on severe neurasthenia. He could never make up his mind to seek medical advice. He finally found a woman with whom he could engage in coitus, as she permitted him to flagellate her during the act.»

Here is another case of sadism from «Psychopathia Sexu­alis :»

Case 49. «A married man presented himself with numerous scars of cuts on his arms. He told their origin as follows: When he wished to approach his wife, who was young and somewhat «nervous,» he first had to make a eut in his arm. Then she would suck the wound and during the act became violently excited sexually. »

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Masochism - Enjoyment of Pain

Masochism, the exact opposite of sadism, is a condition where the individual becomes sexually aroused when suffering some form of pair. This may consist of being spanked, whipped, flogged, degraded, etc. The masochist may be either male or female; the amount of suffering desired of varying de­grees. The sexual nature of masochism requires pain to be administered as a means of sexual arousal.

The term masochism is derived from the surname of an Austrian novelist, Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, who, in the middle of the nineteenth century, published a nove] portray­ ing female characters as energetic and cruel, and male char­ acters as weaklings. In this nove} he was actually describing himself and his experiences. He had witnessed cruelty during his childhood, and as he matured, sexual excitement had be­ come associated with submission and pain. From this begin­ ning the concept of masochism has developed, with a specific relation to sexual pleasure and a more general and compre­ hensive meaning of desire for abuse and humiliation.

Krafft-Ebing, in «Psychopathia Sexualis,» gives his defini­tion of masochism : «By masochism, I understand a peculiar perversion of the physical vita sexualis in which the individual affected, in sexual feeling and thought, is controlled by the idea of being completely and unconditionally subject to the will of a person of the opposite sex, of being treated by this person as a master, humiliated and abused. This idea is colored by sexual feeling; the masochist lives in fancies in which he creates sit­uations of this kind, and he often attempts to realize them... The relation is not of such a nature that what causes physi­cal pain is simply perceived as physical pleasure, for the person in a state of masochistic ecstasy feels no pain, either by reason of his emotional state (like that of the soldier in battle) the physical effect on his cutaneous nerves is not apperceived, or because (as with religious martyrs and

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enthusiasts) in the preoccupation of consciousness with sexual emotion the idea of maltreatment remains merely a symbol, without its quality of pain ... «

Masochism is the direct opposite of sadism. While the latter is the desire to cause pain and use force, the former is the wish to suffer pain and be subjected to force. The parallelism of sadism and masochism is perfect. All the acts and situations used by the sadist in the active role become the object of the desil’.e of the masochist in the passive role. In both perversions these acts advance from purely symbolic acts to severe mal­treatment. The frequent close association of sadism and maso­chism justifies the use of the term sado-masochism.

The following is a case ·of masochism, taken from «Psycho­pathia Sexualis» :

Case 50. «Mr. Z., age twenty-nine, technologist, came for consultation because of fear of tabes. Questions concerning abuse of the sexual organs brought about a confession of mas­turbation practiced since youth. In the course of the examina­tion the following interesting psycho-sexual anomalies were discovered: At the age of five the ‘vita sexualis’ began with the impulse to whip himself, as well as with the desire to see others whipped. In this he never thought of individuals as of the one sex of the other. ‘Faute de mieux’ he practiced flagellation on himself, and, in time, this induced ejaculation.

Long before this he had begun to satisfy himself with masturbation, and always during the act revelled in imaginary scenes of whipping. Twice he visited brothels to have himself flogged by prostitutes. For this purpose he chose the prettiest girl he could find; but he was disappointed, and did not even have an erection, to say nothing of ejaculation. He recognized that the flagellation was subsidiary, and that the idea of subjection to the woman’s will was the important thing. He realized this on the second trial.

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When he had the «thought of subjection» he was perfectly suc­ cessful. In time, by straining his imagination with masochistic ideas, he performed coitus without flagellation; but he found little satisfaction in it, so that he performed sexual inter­course in a masochistic way. He found pleasure in masochistic scenes, in the sense of his original desire for ‘flagellation, only when he called up such a situation in imagination. At times of great excitability it was even sufficient if he told stories of such scenes to a pretty girl. He would thus have an orgasm, and usually ejaculation.

Of late he also frequently had sadistic ideas about punishing boys. In these imaginary flagellations both men and women play a part, but particularly the latter, and then his enjoy­ment was much more intense.

While his masochistic fancies and acts were entirely of a course, sensual nature, his «pageism» consisted of the idea of being a page to a beautiful girl. His conception was perfectly chaste, but piquant; his relation to her that of a slave, but abso­lutely pure-a mere platonic submission. This revelling in the idea of serving such a «beautiful creature» as a page was coloured by a pleasurable feeling, but this was in no way sex­ual. He experienced in it an exquisite feeling of moral satis­ faction, in contrast with sensually coloured masochism and therefore he could but regard it as something of a different nature.»

The following is a well-known case of masochism from Kind : «Mrs. Y. found herself in her earliest years in an environ­ment which because of defective training and supervision tended to erotic license. Sexually stimulating performances began at the age of eight with boys and girls of the same age, as well as with adults. If a disposition to heterosexuality had been present, it ought to have manifested itself at that time. But on the contrary; at ten years old she watched secretly through the window when maids in her father’s inn

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were used in coitus by the guests, and masturbated afterwards with the idea that she was the man in question. She had even at that time an orgasm when she gratified other girls by the hand and tongue, without in any way touching herself. She went with her family as a wheel rider from one variety show to another and often had to let men force themselves upon her, whose actions she coolly let pass without participating in them. Women, on the other band, at once brought her to a state of excitation. Even the pleasure of looking at her fellow players backstage clothed in their tights had such an effect that she would have a complete orgasm while riding her wheel before the public. She needed (and still needs) only to sit in the street car opposite an attractive woman to suddenly ‘swim away.’

Meanwhile, the masochistic tone of her libido is also fully developed. The impulse is present in Y. to procure for her part­ner an orgasm at any price, and in just such a manner that she is a blindly yielding instrument of satisfaction to the latter; she permits herself in the most reckless manner to be used for such a purpose and is willing to be the slave who must gratify every brutal mood and every unaesthetic whim which will give pleasure to her mistress.

She has found in the course of the years a great number of partners, almost purely heterosexual women, who partly at her request, partly from their own initiative, have taken over the counter-role. The pleasurable performances which take place between the two partners move in a familiar circle. Y. is covered with verbal insults of the commonest sort, beaten, trod­den upon, scratched, pricked, licks the feet, vulva, anus of the friend, offers her mouth for urination, and so on, and then is present and assists when coitus is performed.

Scenes of the latter sort led through misunderstanding of the subjective ground for these actions, to a very severe judg­ment upon Y. from Paragraph 180 of the penal code. It

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must be added that the husband of Y., who had married her three years previously, plays the merely secondary role of a surro­gate in this erotic system. Y. remains completely frigid in cohabitation if she is not at the same time roughly treated, pricked, insulted, or spit upon. She then quickly imagines a woman as instigator of such algoagnistic activity and experi­ ences the desired orgasm, although in lesser degree.»

Here is another case of masochism from «Psychopathia Sexualis.»

Case 54. «A patient of Tarnowski’s had a person in his con­fidence rent a house during his attacks, and instruct its per­sonnel (three prostitutes) in what was to be done with him.

Whenever he came there he was undressed, manustruprated and flagellated as ordered. He pretended to offer resistance, and begged for mercy ; then as ordered, he was allowed to eat and sleep. But in spite of protest he was kept there, and beaten if he did not submit. Thus the affair would go on for some days. When the attack was over he was dismised, and he returned to his wife and children, who had no suspicion of his disease. The attacks occurred once or twice a year.»

Another case from «Psychopathia Sexualis» illustra tes Maso­chism in Women :

Case 84. «Miss X., twenty-one years of age. She considered herself to be physically sound, but periodically insane, when she was haunted by the fancies which she thus described: - Since her earliest youth she fancied herself being whipped. She simply revelled in these ideas, and had the most intense desire to be severely punished with a rattan cane.

This desire, she claimed, originated from the fact that at the age of five a friend of her father’s took her for fun across his knees, pre­tending to whip her. Since then she had longed for the oppor­tunity of being caned, but to her great regret her wish was never realized. At these periods she imagined herself as abso­lutely helpless and fettered. The mere mention of the

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words «rattan cane» and «to whip» caused her intense excitement. Only for the last two years has she associated these ideas with the male sex. Previously she only thought of a severe school­mistress or simply a hand. Now she wished to be the slave of a man whom she loves; she would kiss his feet if he would only whip her. She did not understand that these manifestations were of a sexual nature.

A few quotations from her letters are characteristic as bear­ing upon the masochistic character of this case:

«In former years I seriously contemplated going into aluna­tic asylum whenever these ideas worried me. I fell upon the idea whilst reading how the director of an insane asylum pulled a lady by the hair from her bed and beat her with a cane and a riding-whip. I longed to be treated in a similar manner at such an institute, and have therefore unconsciously associated my ideas with the male sex. I liked, however, best to think of brutal uneducated female warders beating me mercilessly.»

And another quotation:

«Lying (in fancy) before him, he puts one foot on my neck whilst I kiss the other. I revel in the idea of being whipped by him; but this changes often, and I fancy quite different scenes in which he beats me. At times I take the blows as so many tokens of love-he is at first extremely kind and tender, and then, in the excess of his love, he beats me. I fancy that to beat me for love’s sake gives him the highest pleasure. Often I have dreamed that I was his slave-but, mind you, not his female slave! For instance, I have imagined that he was Robinson and I the savage that served him. I often look at the pictures in which Robinson puts his foot on the neck of the savage. I now find an explanation of these strange fancies: I look upon woman in general as low, far below man; but I am otherwise extremely proud and quite indomitable, whence it arises that ! think as a

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man (who is by nature proud and superior.) This renders my humiliation before the man I love the more int:ne. I have also fancied myself to be his female slave; but this idea does not suffice, for after all every woman can be the slave of her husband.»

Fetishism

Fetishism 1s a form of sexual behavior in which a person becomes sexually aroused when fondling an article of feminine apparel. This may be a glove, panties, brassierre, shoe, silk stocking, etc. The fetishist i.dories in rubbing a pair of fine panties against his penis; the friction against the sensitive flesh creates sexual arousal; then the fetishist masturbates while kissing the object. lt is recognized that the fetish repre­ sents the female sexual parts in cases such as these. lt becomes a substitute for the real body part. The object is a symbol of whatever the fetishist imagines to be most desirable. Fetishists are able to obtain gratification only when the chosen fetish and specific conditions are present.

There are numerous reasons for this method of sexual ex­pression. The fetishist is one who is afraid of sex, fearing fail­ure, impotence, pain or punishment. He also has sadomaso­chistic components. By pressing a shoe or boot upon his private parts, he is «torturing» himself and thus giving himself masochistic pleasure. Is fetishism normal? Yes, if a virile male becomes erotically stimulated by the delicate, wispy under­ garments of his female beloved. Makeup, silk stockings, thin panties, etc., ail serve to stimulate the sexual appetite. These fetish symbols are all part of the sex act. But ... they become abnormal when the symbols replace the individual partner ­when they become more important than the partner. When fetishism is used as part of foreplay as a means of arousing the libido, it can be quite valuable.

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Here is a case of buttock fetishism, taken from «Psycho- pathia Sexualis:

Case 153. «The person in this study is a physician, highly intelligent. He ascribes his unusual interest in the female but­tocks to his experience as a child of seeing his mother’s naked posterior. «lt finally became decisive for me in my choice of girl friends. The female bosom does not excite me, but I always become agitated by the sight of a woman with firm round but­tocks, even when she is dressed as the style demands, or when she gathers her skirts behind her so that the cheeks stand out. When in the street, I cannot keep from gazing after every woman who has a body form dear to me.

I eat up her curves with my eyes. I even become excited during clinical demonstrations when I see beautiful buttocks. In sexual respect, I know of nothing more pleasurable than the following: When I am in the street I look about for a voluptuous woman with a firm posterior. If I follow her I usually get strong erections on the way. On the stairs leading to her apartment, I can hardly re­frain from pinching her buttocks and feeling them through her clothes. Arriving in her room I undress with feverish ex­citement and can hardly wait for her to do likewise. To satisfy me she must wear her underpants slit in the back. I draw her towards me, pull apart the slit in her panties, feast at the sight of her fleshy buttocks and cover them with kisses. She un­dresses completely, and places herself on the bed so I see a sicle view of her back, the legs drawn up at right angles. This posi­tion has an extraordinary attraction for me. Then I pass my tongue from top to bottom along her spine; this excites many women. I squeeze her buttocks and cover them with kisses. I also lick the anal slit. Then I finger her anus. Finally I fall upon the anus, almost frantically, press ardent kisses upon it, tongueing it. Usually ejaculation follows.

A slight anal odor is far from unpleasant, indeed it is a further stimulant.»

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The heterosexual male may be strangely attracted to the female breasts. One such gentleman states that «the only thing I favor is that she would bare the upper part of her body in my presence and would let me kiss her breasts while she her­self would receive and rub my very erect penis in her hand, thus causing emission.» He dreams of beautiful women stand­ ing before him in deeply eut-out dresses. ln these dreams he licks and kisses their necks and breasts to his heart’s content.

In some cases breast fetishism is associated with infantilism. John talks of the time when he was being nursed.

He was nursed until he was past two years of age. He has never been able to forget the experience. When he sees a woman nursing a child at her breast, he envies the nursing baby. He has even suckled at his wife’s breast when she was nursing their chil­dren. This gave him great pleasure. He suffers from fits of coughing and claims that only warm milk can stop them promptly. This is, of course, emotional. He is an « eternal baby. » Paul, on the other hand was not aware of a woman’s breasts until he was about fourteen years old.

One day, upon seeing a friend’s older sister naked, he became sexually aroused by her full, prominent breasts. Seeing this, she took him into her bed and instructed him to place his genitals between her breasts, and by masturbating manipulation caused him to ejaculate. This experience was repeated several times in the months that followed, giving the boy extreme pleasure. Later, he experi­enced coitus in the normal manner, but found it gave him Iittle satisfaction. His only joy came from contact with the breasts. He would meet a girl, and upon reaching her apartment, have her undress with the exception of her brassierre. This he would always Iovingly undo himself, fondling her breasts all the while. He would then proceed to suck her breasts and rub his erect penis against them. He paid little tribute to the rest of her body. The only way he enjoyed coi tus was to simultaneously bite and suck the girl’s breasts.

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X.Homosexuality

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A homosexual is a male who has erotic desires towards members of the same sex. The word «homosexual» is taken from the Greek and Latin. The prefix «homo» is taken from the Greek which means «same.» The stem ‘’sexual» is derived from the Latin which means «erotic desires.» Homosexuality is often referred to as a perversion - this word is derived from the Latin «perversus» meaning turned the wrong way. In psycho-sexual interpretation it is used to designate an abnor­mal or wrong use of an instinct or voluntary function.

Male homosexuality

Homosexuality is probably the world’s oldest form of sexual behavior, second only to heterosexual relations. It has existed since the beginning of creation. Throughout hundreds of cen­turies up until the pre:-;ent time, this method of sexual pleasure has probably received the most abuse, the most humiliation and the most punishment. No other sexual desire has been so dis­colored, ridiculed, embarrased as that of the sensual attrac­tion one male has for another. Homosexuality is also linked with sodomy - a sexual act in which one male will insert his erect penis into the anus of another male simulating inter­course. Pederosis or paedophilia is an older homosexual’s desire for young boys. Gerontophilia is a young homosexual’s desire for older or even elderly men.

A Case History of Male Homosexuality (Psychopathia Sexualis):

Case 135. V., age twenty-nine, official. V. was very talented, learned easily and had a most excellent religious education. Very nervous and emotional. At the age of nine he began to masturbate of his own accord. When fourteen he recognized the danger of this practice and fought with some success against it; but he began to rave about male statuary, also about young men. When puberty set in, he took slight interest in women. At twenty, first intercourse with woman;

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though patent, he derived no satisfaction from it. Afterwards only ‘faute de mieux’ (about six times) hetero-sexual intercourse.

He admitted to have had very frequent intercourse with men (mutual masturbation, intercourse occasionally in the mouth). He took either the active or passive role. At the con­sultation he was in despair and wept bitterly. He abhorred his sexual anomaly, and said that he had desperately battled against it, but without success. In woman he found only moderate ani­mal satisfaction, physical gratification being totally absent. Yet he craved for the happiness of family life. » for a couple of days. I always went back because he liked me.

‘He used to go out with girls all the time. After he had known me for six months he went back to one of his girls.

I told him he could stay away, but he came back again. I had my first experience with a woman when I was nineteen. She was seven years older, married, and had two children. She was living with her husband, but she said she never liked him. I had an affair with her because she insisted. I told her I didn’t want to bother with her, but she always came around. I was afraid of her husband.

‘l’ve got in trouble with the police a couple of times.

When I first came to New York, a man at the movies put my hand on his penis. He was a large man and older than I was.

After a while he said he was going to take me some place - to the police station, I was frightened. I cried and pleaded to be let go. I was given six days or twenty-five dollars. I took the six days.

‘Once a man in Central Park tried to beat me up. I had pow­ der on my face. Another time, late at night, a fellow tried to take off my new overcoat. I usually try to get away from a man if he is big, or if there is more than one. I can’t fight very well, and I cry if l’m hit. l’ve never had the nerve to pick up a man.

‘Now that l’m getting older, I would like to work, but this man

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l’m living with doesn’t ask me to. He makes enough to take care of both of us. I feel I shouldn’t be this way, but my conscience doesn’t trouble me. l’ve always wished I were a girl. If· I was a woman I would like to have children. l’ve always thought I would Iike to have the hair taken off my face. I would Iike to be castrated and made a girl now, if it were possible.»

Case 147. E., aged thirty-one, son of an inveterate drunkard. No other taint in the family. Grew up in a village.

At the age of six he began to feel happy when in the company of men with beards. At the age of eleven he began to blush whenever he met a handsome man, and dared not look at them. He was at ease when in the company of women.

He wore girl’s garments up to his seventh year, and was very unhappy when he was deprived of them. Occupation in the kitchen and about the house he liked best. His school time passed without events. Now and then he had intimate Iiking for a certain schoolmate, but this wore off.

Dreams of men with beards clad in blue clothes became more frequent. He joined an athletic society that he might converse with men, liked to go to balls, not on account of the girls, who were a matter of indifference to him, but to see the fine men, thinking al] the time that he was in the embrace of one of them. He felt lonely, howeYer , and dissatisfied, and gradually became conscious of being qui te unlike the other young fellows. All his thoughts and aims were to find a man who could love him.

At seventeen he was seduced by another man to mutual mas­turbation. Delight, shame and fear were the reactions.

He rec­ognized the abnormality of his sexual feelings, became de­pressed, came near committing suicide. He finally became re­conciled with his abnormal position and craved for men, but being shy by nature he found but little opportunity. He felt uneasy when girls sought his company. When twenty-six he

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went to live in a large city and now found plenty of oppor­ tunities for homo-sexual intercourse. For some time he lived with another man of his own age as husband and wife. He felt happy in the role of a woman. Sexual gratification was obtained by mutual masturbation and coitus inter femora.»

Lesbianism

The word «Lesbian» originated from the name of the island «Lesbos» in the Aegean Sea near the mainland of Greece. Here, about 590 B.C., many of the young female inhabitants of the island, disciples of Sappho, engaged in mutual sex practices. Hence the word «Lesbianism» refers to an erotic relationship between two women.

Homosexuality is acquired, not congenital nor inherited, and represents the behavior symptom of a deep-seated and un­resolved neurosis. Lesbians themselves prefer to believe that they were born that way. They delude themselves.into think­ing that their homosexuality is caused by a congenital con­stitutional defectiveness of some kind or some hormone im­balance. Today, psychiatrists know that sexual inversion is an emotional aberration - a disorder of psychological rather than genetic origin and therefore should be treated by psychological methods. Psychoanalysis and psychotherapy are specific meth­ods of treating lesbians. Attempts to cure homosexuals through endocrine therapy have proven futile.

The overt or promiscuous type of female invert has no gen­uine wish to become heterosexual, or if she ·does seek help from the trained specialist she often sets up resistances which act as obstacles to her being cured. Nevertheless, if the invert wants to be cured, and cooperates, the result is usually favorable.

Many lesbians are bisexual, oscillating between heterosexual and homosexual activities, and are capable of gratifying their sexual desires with either sex. Their homosexual

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cravings may be transitory in character. Many lesbians claim to like men, and are able to enjoy sex relations with them even to a point of coïtai orgasm, but who preferred sexual intimacies with their own sex.

In reality, female homosexuality is a form of cooperative or mutual masturbation at best. It represents an unconscious defense mechanism - a symptomatic expression of a neurotic personality - a disturbance in the infantile psychosexual de­velopment - a regression to narcissism - a manifestation of an emotional maladjustment, influenced by such factors as a girl identifying herself with her father or brother, instability of the parents, unpleasant sexual experiences in childhood or adolescence, feelings of inferiority, loneliness, fear of marriage, personality deficiencies, exposure to the advances of an older lesbian, etc.

To many, the idca of two women making love is unspeakable and impossible, for these are the people who see no way to or­gasm unless a penis is utilized. But most Iesbians do not utilize their bodies in a direct way for stimulation most of the time. Their sexual energy is drained off through caresses, band hold­ing, and other seemingly innocent activities.

Of course, orgasm seldom occurs in such a situation, but the women who report pleasure in such encounters state that they experience a euphorie sensation that is delightful.

When direct sexual stimulation is involved, it usually takes the form of touching, caressing and kissing the breasts of the sex partner, with the nipple the focus of attention. Lingual stimulation of the nipples of a woman cause them to become erect, and extreme pleasure is thereby induced. Breast stim­ ulation is the most frequently encountered form of sexual in­ dulgence found among lesbians, and it is considered going less far than some of the other techniques sometimes employed by two women. Sorne lesbians report that they are able to achieve

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orgasm through stimulation of the breasts, while others do not find the ultimate release offered by sexual climax in this prac­ tice. To them, it is merely a preliminary.

Mutual masturbation, or masturbation is the second most frequently encountered sexual practice. Use of the finger to stimulate the genitalia often provides orgasm, and it is fre­ quently preceded by a lengthy period of fondling and caressing of the breasts. With lesbians, it is more usual to stimulate the clitoris than to insert the finger into her partner’s vagina. The reason for this preference is the fact that the sexual develop­ment of these women is arrested at the clitoridal level, with the transference of the seat of primary sexual excitation never having moved from the infantile spot.

The technique of masturbation may involve mutual stimu­lation simultaneously, or it may involve masturbation of each lesbian partner in turn. The number of orgasms experienced by the women involved in this relationship is limited only by their own preference, for there is no incapacity attendant upon the performance of the sex act, as accompanies the completion of coitus by a male.

Less often found between two lesbian partners is the prac­tice of tribadism. or the rubbing of the genitals together to produce through the friction hereby engendered an orgasm.

One of the reasons for the Jack of popularity of this practice among lesbians is the difficulty in achieving orgasm in this manner. At its best. tribadism is a poor substitute for other methods of achieving sexual gratification. The position neces­ sary for this method approximates that usually employed in heterosexual intercourse. with one partner on her back with her legs open. The other partner lies on top of her, and by a kind of distortion of the bod· is able to bring her mons veneris opposite that of her partner’s. By moving in rhythm together, the women are able to rub their clitorises together, thereby exciting each other to the point of orgasm.

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Another method of gratification frequently found in many books about lesbians. but Jess often found in actual practice, is the USl’ of the dildo or penis substitute. These devices have been frequently mentioned throughout history. and there is no doubt that they haYe been used b· women who preferred vagi­nal penetration but who did not wish to submit to the mini­ strations of a man. Frequently too, dildoes have been found in use by married women who took to the artificial device when they were not given sufficient pleasure by their husbands. These devices are usually made of leather or plastic, and are shaped in the form of the male penis. The more sophisticated versions are elaborate imitations of the phallus, complete with glans penis and corona, while the simpler versions are nothing more than a simple shaft, unmarked by any of the character­istic variations that mark the male organ.

In use, the dildo may be manipulated by hand by the lover, or it may be strapped to the thighs of the masculine-oriented member of the couple, and the use of it then comes very close to heterosexual coitus. The dildo is inserted into the vagina of the passive partner and the motions of coitus are indulged in, bringing the passive partner to orgasm. Of course, there is little or no pleasure in this act to the partner wearing the dildo, but many lesbians report that they get sufficient pleasure out of the idea that they have penetrated the body of their partner.

The most unusual item in the area of dildos and their use is the so-called double dildo. It is a sausage-shaped device, circled in the center with a doughnut-shaped ridge, and it can be made to accommodate two women at the same time. One end is inserted in the vagina of one of the partners, the other end penetrating the vagina of the second partner. By adjusting their position properly and moving carefully, they are able to achieve erotic gratification. However, the women must face away from each other, and therefore cannot caress each other. Licking, tonguing or sucking the genitalia, called cunni­lingus, is the method

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of love-making between two lesbians that both consider the ultimate in pleasure. It is considered «going farther:» than any of the preceding methods, and is often the highest act of love between two women. Once again, this prac­tice may either be performed one upon the other, upon each in turn, or simultaneously. When the two lesbian partners per­form cunnilingus upon each other at the same time, it is called soixante neuf or, in English, sixty-nine.

According to the Kinsey Report lesbians showed a higher in­cidence of successful orgasm than comparable groups of mar­ried women, which might appear surprising until it is re­membered that a woman is more likely to understand the physical nature of her partner in love when that partner is another woman than is a man, and she is more likely to under­stand feminine psychology. One lesbian in five regretted her homosexual encounters, but seven out of ten felt no regret whatsoever.

Krafft-Ebing reports a rather unique case of female homo­sexual seduction in his Psychopathia Sexualis: «Miss X, of the middle class in a large city. She was twenty-two years of age. She was considered a beauty; much admired by men; de­cidedly sensual.

«Her father was given to drink, her mother hysteropathic. She herself was of neuropathie constitution, had a large bust and the appearance of an exceptionally handsome woman, but was strikingly mannish in her manners, had masculine tastes, loved gymnastics and horseback exercise, smoked and had mas­culine carriage and gait.

«One day in a public park, she was approached by a young lady who smiled and looked upon her in such a peculiar fashion that she felt a thrill through her soul. The day after, Miss X. was irresistibly impelled to go to the park again. The young lady was already there, and seemed to be waiting for her. They greeted each other like old acquaintances; talked

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and joked together, made fresh appointments, and when the weather became too inclement they met at the boudoir of the young lady.

«One day, Miss X. relates in her confidential revelations, she led me to her divan, and while she was seated, stroked away the hair from my forehead and she said, ‘Ah, if I only could love you once really. May I?» I consented and whilst we thus sat together, gazing into each other’s eyes, we drifted into that current which allows of no retreat. She was enchantingly beau­tiful. Ail I wish was to possess the power of the artist to im­mortalize that form upon the canvas. To me it was a novel experience. I was intoxicated. We abandoned ourselves to each other without restriction, drunk with the ravages of sensual feminine pleasure. I do not believe that man can ever grasp the exuberance of such piquant tenderness; man is not suffi­ciently refined; he is much too coarse. Our wild orgy lasted until I sank down exhausted, powerless, unnerved. I fell asleep on her bed. Suddenly I awoke with an unspeakable thrill, hith­erto unknown to me, running through my whole being. She was upon me - ‘cunnilingus perficiens’ (performing cunnilingus) - the highest pleasure for her. ‘Tandem mihi no lice bat altrum quam osculos ad mammas’ (When she was not licking me, she kissed my breasts), which caused her to quiver convulsively.

«This intercourse lasted for a whole year, when the removal of her father to another city separated us.»

Lesbians as a group are generally sadomasochistic. Suicides among them reflect their sadomasochism. The lesbian who kills herself is committing a sadistic act and at the same time grati­fies her masochism by destroying herself (self-atonement).

Case 160 from Psychopathia Sexualis (Lesbianism) :

«Mrs. V. T., wife of a manufacturer; age twenty-six; mar­ried only a few months; was brought by her husband for

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con­sultation because after a banquet she had fallen upon the neck of a lady guest, covered her profusely with kisses and caressed ber like a lover, thus causing a scandai.

Mrs. T. said that she had before their marriage explained to ber husband her antipathie sexual feelings, and had told him that she esteemed him solely for his mental qualities. She ac­ cepted her conjugal cluties merely as a matter of unavoiclable necessity. Her only condition was that she should be on top.

In this position she obtained a sort of gratification, for she imagined his body to be that of a beloved woman in lying un­derneath.

As a child her mother made her daughter sleep in the same bed with her till she reached the age of fourteen. At fifteen v. T. was sent to a girl’s school. Being extraordinarily bright, she learned quickly and soon dominated over all the other girls in her form. At the age of seven she had a physical trauma when a friend of the family exhibited himself before her.

Menses began at twelve, were regular and without nervous concomitants. At that age she began already to be powerfully drawn to other girls. Although for several years she never as­sociated these yearnings with sexual feelings, she yet looked upon them as an anomaly. She only felt bashful when undress­ing in the presence of persans of her own sex.

At twenty the sexual instinct awoke. At once she turned to girls for gratifi­cation, avoiding men entirely. She had sensual love affairs with girls by the scores. When she returned home from school, hav­ing no supervision and plenty of money, she found it easy to give her passion full sway. She always felt like a man towards woman. Masturbatio feminale dilectae was the common occur­ence in her orgies, until a female cousin taught her the myster­ies of Lesbian love. She now coupled the act with cunnilingus. She always played the active role, and never allowed others to satisfy themselves on her own body. Homo-

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sexual woman she disdained. She gave preference to unmarried women of high standing endowed with mental gifts, of voluptuous, Diana-like figure, but of modest and retiring disposition. (Sensual women she did not care for.) Whenever she met such a woman, she would become erotically so excited that she fell upon her person like a hungry wild beast. She said that at such moments every­thing appeared to her in a reddish gleam, and consciousness was obliterated for the time being.

Her nerves were easily un­strung, and she could not master her feelings.

At the age of twenty-three she became acquainted with a young woman who, to all appearances, was not homosexual, but very hypersexual, and could not find sexual satisfaction on account of impotence in her husband. The relations with this woman stimulated T.’s homo-sexuality to a very high pitch and increased ber sexual needs. She furnished an apartment away from home, where she had regular orgies cum digito et lingua, sometimes for hours, until she herself collapsed in a state of exhaustion. She had a love affair with a dressmaker’s model with whom she had herself photographed in man’s at­tire, visited, in the same costume, with her places of amusement and was finally arrested on one of these occasions.

She escaped with a warning and gave up male attire out-ofdoors.

A year before her marriage she had a period of melancholia. At that time she meditated suicide, and wrote a farewell Ietter to an intimate lady friend, a sort of confession, from which a few passages are given:

I was born a girl, but a misdirected education forced my fiery imagination early into the wrong direction. At twelve I had a mania to pose as a boy and court the attention of ladies. I rec­ognized this abnormal impulse as a mania, but, like fate, it grew with the years. The power to rid myself of it was lost. It was my hashish, my happiness, and grew into an over-

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powering passion. I felt like a man, forced to play the active role. My exuberant disposition, fierce senuousness and deeprooted perverse in­stinct gradually forged me into the chains of Lesbian love. I took a certain interest in man, but a single touch by a woman made my whole nervous system tremble. I have suffered untold tortures in the bane of this passion.

‘The reading of French novels and lascivious companions taught me all the tricks of perverse erotics, and the latent im­pulse became a conscious perversity. Nature has made a mis­take in the choice of my sexuality and I must do a life-long penance for it, for the moral power to suffer the unavoidable with dignity is lost. Irrestibly I have been drawn into the mael­ strom of passion and shall be shallowed by it… I languished for your sweet body. I was jealous of your Victor as one rival is of the other. In my jealousy I suffered the tortures of hell. I hated that man unto death. I cursed my fate that made me a woman. I was satisfied to play a stupid comedy before you, to endow you with. an artificial membrum. It only increased the heat of my pa8sion. Courage failed me to tell you the truth, because it would have been so miserable and- ludicrous. Now you know all . You will not despise me, though; you will only feel what I have suffered. All my joys resemble more a mo­ mentary intoxication than the real gold of happiness. It was all but an illusion. I have fooled life and life has fooled me. We are quits. I say good-bye. Think sometimes in the hour of hap­ piness of your poor, comical fool who loved you truly and so well ... .’

The vita sexualis of this woman contained also traces of masochism and sadism. If the woman whom she worshipped had chided or even struck her, it would have been a delight - so she claimed - and at the time of sexual excitement she felt more like biting than kissing the object of her her love.

She was highly cultured and intellectual, felt her false position pain­fully, but rather on account of her family than her

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own self. She looked upon it ail as fate, over which she had no control. She bewailed it and declared herself ready to do anything to rid herself of this perversion and become a true wife and good mother for she would take good care that her child were brought up in the right way. She would do everything-to re­concile her husband and perform her marital duties, but she could not bear his moustache, and she must first rid herself of her unfortunate impulsive passion.

The physical and psychical secondary sexual characteristics were partly masculine, partly feminine. Her love for sport, smoking and drinking, her preference for clothes eut in the fashion of men, her Jack of skill in and liking for female occu­pations, her love for the study of obtuse and philosophical sub­jects, her gait and carriage, severe features, deep voice, robust skeleton, powerful muscles and abscense of adipose layers bore the stamp of the masculine character. Vagina, uterus, ovaries, normal, clitoris rather large. Mammae well developed, hair on mons veneris female. I sent her to an hydropathic establish­ment, where an experienced colleague succeeded in a few months to free this patient by means of hydro-and suggestive treatment, from her homo-sexual affliction. She became a de­cent, sexually at least, neutral person. The relatives with whom she lived afterwards for a considerable time found her behav­iour absolutely correct.

History of a Female Bisexual

Cora was a singer, extremely popular and known to her fans nationwide. She had been a concert artist with a record of repeated successes every time she appeared. At the time she appeared for therapy she was forty-nine years old, but appeared much younger. She was illegitimate as a child was called a half-white bastard by the children in her neighborhood. Cora didn’t know who her father was, but she believed him to be a Southern white man. Her mother, a ser­vant with a

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white family, had been sleeping in a room with her three year old charge, when Cora’s father had corne in and raped her.

Her mother, a mulatto, was only twelve years old at the time.

The women in Cora’s family were ail beautiful, with Caucasian features and soft, lovely skins. They all had been servants of the same white family in the south for many generations.

They often submitted to the sexual advances of the white men in the family for which they worked. Cora’s childhood had been an unhappy one because of the absence of a father and also because of the light color of her skin. She also had blue eyes and blonde hair.

Although she grew up under unfortunate circumstances (she had seen her mother in bell with a variety of different men by the time she was six years old) she remained a virgin until she was married, at the age of sixteen. Her husband was a very wealthy Black. She tried to be a good wife to him, and was never unfaithful during the ten years of their marriage. She never enjoyed sex with her husband, at first because his penis was so large that he hurt her, and later because he was rarely sober. After ten years of marriage, he developed tuberculosis and died.

After his death Cora worked and studied music in New York.

She mixed in the higher strata of society, and was much sought after among both Black people and Whites. She re­ mained chaste until her second marriage, which was to her business manager. The marriage was only fairly happy -she always suspected him of carrying on with other women. Her first homo-sexual experience came after she had been thor­ oughly disillusioned with her first husband. She had been ap­ proached frequently by attractive women who showered her with presents and compliments and told her of their desire for her. At first she resisted their offers, feeling that sex with a woman was abnormal. However, she later had an experience with a colored actress. One summer they went to college to­

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gether, and while rooming together slept in the same bed.

At first the actress did nothing more than kiss and caress her breasts, causing in Cora a feeling of strong passion that was not, however, relieved by orgasm. During the course of the summer their affair progressed and the actress began mastur­ bating her to climax. During these episodes Cora was always passive, never returning her lover’s caresses.

She reported that sex with this woman did not ever seem as rewarding or fulfilling as sex with her husband had.

She was forty-one years of age when this affair took place.

She broke up the relationship when discovering that her lover was having a homosexual relationship with another woman as well.

Two years later she had an affair with a white woman.

Again Cora was completely passive and the only difference she re­ported in their lovemaking was that the woman performed cunnilingus on her. This woman was also somewhat sadistic, and she would bite and scratch Cora around the waist and shoulder. The relationship lasted seven months.

Five years before she entered therapy Cora accepted the love of Belle. At first she had not wanted to begin relationship with her, but Belle was very persistent. Later, she described the re­lationship as «the most exciting sex experience of my life.» It was far more satisfying than anything she’d ever had with either of her husbands, and she continued the relationship for about five years, having sex on the average of once a month. Cora always assumes the passive role, while Belle hugs her, kisses her lips, breasts and genitals, and sometimes mastur­bates her to climax. More often, though, Belle employs cun­nilingus to bring Cora to the point of orgasm. She was always excited by Belle’s smooth, white skin.

Cora reports feeling no regret because of her homosexual relationship. Belle has always been very tender, and they al­ways achieve orgasm at the same rate. She does not

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think that sex is important in their relationship now, and that they would stay together even if they never again had sex.

Cora is still married, and her husband knows of her homo­ sexual affair with Belle. They simply do not discuss it. She feels that if their marriage had been better, she never would have engaged in homosexual affairs. On the whole, Cora is a well-adjusted person, able to live a satisfying Iife within the framework of her homosexual «marriage» to Belle. Belle has provided her with the comfort, warmth and affection she has longed for all her life and failed to find anywhere else. It is unlikely that she will ever relinquish her homosexual love now, for she would more than likely be unwilling to take the chance on another unsatisfactory relationship with a man. She and Belle have shared too much together. They represent a rela­ tive rarity in the field of homosexual liasons, for it has the permanent character of a true marriage, whereas most ar­ rangements break up after a while.»

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