ELNAZ TAFRIHI MDes, Harvard GSD, 2016 Architecture Portfolio
6-19
20-33
34-45
46-51
52-57 WEST VALLEY CITY COMMUNITY
SALT LAKE CITY MEDIATION
IBPSA [Student Modeling
DESPECTO HOTEL
CHINATOWN MUSEUM OF ART
ABU SIMBEL VISITORS’ CENTER
gradients of rigidity
Table of contents
58-63
64-69
70-75
76-83
86-91
92-97
98-103
104-109
110-113
PHOTOGRAPHY
UPTOWN EXCHANGE
ADAPTIVE PNEUMATIC SHADING
real-time structural analysis
Environmentally Responsive
CATAPULT [BiStable Chair]
Traveling protected Bike way
Design+Research Projects
Gradients of rigidity
[localized rigidification through phase change]
Professor: Panagiotis Michalatos Course: Master in Design Studies Thesis, 2016 This project is an experimental and computational exploration of structures that transform between states of rigidity and flexibility in low temperatures. This method is based upon selectively rigidifying structural components in real-time through freezing of phase change materials embedded within flexible matters. This project also aims to create a link between digital structural analysis and digital design and physical testing and prototyping.
Gradients of rigidity Professor: Panagiotis Michalatos
Research Questions
PROJECT TYPE: Technology/Materials COURSE: Thesis DATE: Spring 2016
-How to selectively make a structure more rigid, by focusing on rigidification on only a few regions? -How to use the Phase change of materials for this rigidification? -What are the structural properties of the selected PCM [Ice]? -How to selectively distribute and remove heat from a system to pin point this actuation/Rigidification?
Design of responsive interfaces, using heat has been explored extensively, even as part of my own research I have been interested in passive dynamic transitions in high temperatures. But I started asking questions reversely: What if we could make a system more rigid and structural using low temperatures, in a way that a system can respond to it environmental forces and get more resistant with load bearing capability when subjected to lower temperatures.
Load Region
Load Region
Millipede
Pinned Support
Example of Stepping in Topology Optimization- Optimization of a wall Page 8
Selective Rigidification Methodology
Topology Optimization has been used to visualize and simulate the localized rigidification patterns necessary for boundary conditions in this research. Our design target are making a structure more stiff, with least displacement and least strain energy (also called compliance) of the structure under the prescribed boundary conditions.For our results, we are using SIMP
[Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization], aiming minimum weight[volume] and minimum compliance with a specific target density. Millipede and Topostruct has been used as digital tools to simulate these behaviors.
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Ice as structural element
Case I
Case II
Case III- Topology
Case IV- Reinforced
Silicone+Water+ Outer Fabric
Silicone+Water
Silicone+Water
Silicone+Water+Fabric
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Fabrication methods
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Compression/tensile tests Compression Test- Water filled Silicone [topology optimization]
Compression Test- Water filled Silicone
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Compressive Stress/ Strain Graph
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Compressive Strain
Compressive Strain
Compressive Stress/ Strain Graph
Ice Graph
Tensile Test- Water filled Silicone+ outer layer fabric
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Tensile Strain
Tensile Stress [MPa]
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Compressive Strain
Compressive Stress [MPa]
Tensile Stress [MPa]
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Compressive Stress [MPa]
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Ice Graph
Tensile Test- Water filled Silicone+ inner layer fabric
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Ice Graph
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Compressive Strain -0.005
Tensile Stress/ Strain Graph
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Tensile Strain
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Compressive Stress [MPa]
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Tensile Strain
Tensile Strain
Tensile Stress/ Strain Graph
Ice Graph
Tensile
Pinpoint ACTUATION
Load
Liquid[Water] layer
Cooling wires
Pinned Support
Load
Load
Liquid[Water] layer
Cooling wire Cooling wires
Rigidified water [ice]
Pinned Support
Load
pinpoint actuation application using wires Cooling wire Rigidified water [ice]
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Beam Topology Coupled with Cooling pattern
In order to test the pin point actuation inspired by heat transfer topology, I designed a coupled system that includes both a cooling branching pattern and a water embedded silicone rubber beam design. Cooling agent used is dry ice, and the expected result is a standing, stable beam system that can transform between flexible/ rigid using decrease in temperature.
Heat sink Topology Optimization pattern Page 14
Heat sink Topology Optimization pattern
Future Application
Stress Pattern reinforcement Millipede results
Silicon Rubber Layer
Fabric Layer
Thickness distribution/ Stress curves by Millipede Page 15
FROZEN/STRUCTURAL CONDITION
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ABU SIMBEL VISITORS' CENTER Professor: Holly Samuelson Course: Energy simulation Designed with zero-energy aspirations, this visitors’ center is designed at the historic site of Abu Simbel temples, in the challenging climate of Aswan, Egypt. In order to respond to the hot and dry climate of site, a high performance building has been designed using simulation tools with deep analysis.
ABU SIMBEL VISITORS' CENTER ASWAN, EGYPT
PROJECT TYPE: Visitors' center/ Assembly LOCATION: Aswan, Egypt TOTAL AREA: 9146 ft2 COURSE: Energy Simulation For Design DATE: Fall 2014 Group Project/tasks: Simulations,design,drawings Designed with zero-energy aspirations, this visitors’ center is designed at the historic site of Abu Simbel temples, in the challenging climate of Aswan, Egypt. In order to respond to the hot and dry climate of site, a high performance building has been designed using simulation tools with deep analysis. Passive strategies played an important role in this project including evaporative cooling, natural ventilation, natural light.
Cooling is achieved using evaporative cooling screens (mashrabiya) that use Nile river water and cools down the building and also acts as the building shading. The water uses the natural slope of the site to flow that is about 3 meters from North west side of the side toward south. Also, berming strategy helps the building cool down to a considerable amount. The building orientation was a big concern from the beginning so that the building does not gain a lot of heat from its southern exposure, therefor the southern facade is minimized, and only a shebak (an opening) has been raised to look at the monument to provide a unique experience. Experience, comfort and space qualities play important roles in this project.
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abu simbel temples
block placement strategy
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site strategies
Zone Division and Circulation Strategy
zone division and circulation strategy
berming strategy
WATER
SLOPED TERRAIN
VEGETATION
ABU SIMBUL SHADOWS
courtyard
ramps, buffer and circulation
user experience
Ventilation
natural ventilation
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site shadow studies Site location selected to use the monuments' shadows to reduce cooling loads of the building
site current access Page 24
site proposed access
aswan sun chart An extensive amount of sun exposure throughout the year making it important to avoid exposure to the sun, and the need for shading.
aswan wind chart As seen in the chart, the prevailing wind has a north west direction. In order to use the wind for natural ventilation, appropriate arrangement of building spaces and openings are needed and is considered as a key part of this project.
temperature comfort range Page 25
Inlet from River Water wall entrance
Branching into screen
Main Outlet pipe Outlet into River
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courtyard
lobby
office
mechanical
book shop
class
exhibition
cafe
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25
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TOP Water network, water gets circulated from Nile and travels down channel by gravity. Sub channels carry water down mashrabiya screen for evaporative cooling. Water then circulates to the main channel with water fountain. Heated water is then expelled through main pipe to Nile. BOTTOM Floor plan
MASSING STUDIES
EUI
HIGH
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190.2
177.21
LOW
177.8
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PLAN
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energy plus output
1 Jan- 31 Dec monthly 0
25
50
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fuel (kwh/m2)
TOP Massing studies, diffrent iterations have been simulated using Designbuilder and the bermed bars are selected with lowest energy consumption. MIDDLE Final design monthly fuel consumption BOTTOM Final design monthly heat balance
Jan 2002 energy plus output
month 1 Jan- 31 Dec monthly
totaI source EUI= 31,385 =94,155 kwh
heat balance (wh/m2)
FINAL EUI total electricity after reducing evaporative cooling= 31,385 kwh Total normalized 42.34 kwh
Jan 2002
month
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VE COOLING
roof for
hotter air escapes through side vents
porous terracotta allows for evaporation
water circulates on roof
water circulates in terracotta screen
s connels
Wind Evaporative cooling cooler air enters space
biya is edy
d from
Water channels
evaporative cooling strategy
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Roof RoofSkylights: Skylights: Glass GlassininNorth North Roof Skylights: Roof Skylights: Solid (opaque) Solid (opaque)ininEast Eastand andWest) West) Glass in North Glass in North Translucent ininSouth Translucent South Solid (opaque) in East and West) Solid (opaque) in East and West) Translucent in South Translucent in South
OPPOSITE PAGE, BOTTOM Gallery space views
Daylight Availability=20% Daylight Availability=20% Daylight Factor= 3.3% Daylight Factor= 3.3% Daylight Availability=20% Daylight Availability=20% Daylight Factor= 3.3% Daylight Factor= 3.3% Side Skylights- Polycarbonate Side Skylights- Polycarbonate Side SkylightsEast and Polycarbonate West SideFacing SkylightsPolycarbonate Facing East and West Facing East and West Facing East and West
Side Sky Lights daylighting Side Sky Lights Sky Lights simulations Side Side Sky Lights First row, roof skylights simulation results. daylight availability=20% daylight factor=3.3%
2nd row, side skylights simulation results. selected as final design. daylight availability=77%
Daylight Availability=77% Daylight Factor= 4.6% Daylight Availability=77% Daylight Availability=77% Daylight Factor= 4.6% Daylight Factor= 4.6% Daylight Availability=77% Daylight Factor= 4.6%
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light light light light
TOP DAYLIGHTING LIGHTING DAY Mashrabiyah design DAYDAY LIGHTING LIGHTING
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HARVARD GSD EXHIBITION
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CHINATOWN MUSEUM OF MODERN Art Professor: Prescott Muir Course: Final Studio The CMoMA is located in Ping Tom memorial Park site that is an important cultural asset for Chinatown. The proposed building is a center for the community to meet and have access to the modern arts and education. This museum includes art galleries, gift shop and cafe space, lecture hall, art studios, administrative offices, and a central Zen garden.
CHINATOWN MUSEUM OF MODERN ARt Chinatown, Chicago
PROJECT TYPE: Museum LOCATION: Chicago,IL TOTAL AREA: 18664 SF COURSE: Final studio/UNIVERSITY OF UTAH DATE: SPRING 2014 The CMoMA is located in Ping Tom memorial Park site that is an important cultural asset for Chinatown. The proposed building is a center for the community to meet and have access to the modern arts and education. This museum includes art galleries, gift shop and cafe space, lecture hall, art studios, administrative offices, and a central Zen garden. As case studies, Buddhist Temples and Zen gardens have been studied, and their assets have been added to the design of this project.
Zen garden as the major point of this project is the idealized landscape, surrounded by the galleries and helps the visitors relax and enjoy the art inside. Buddhist temple, as the symbol of contemplation with their strong geometry have been the other focus in this project. Bringing assets PING TOMof both Zen gardens and Buddhist temples, in a journey ASIANresults ARTS CENTER that happens with entering the building, and is a CHINATOWN, CHICAGO metaphorical journey that reminds of the journey ELNAZ TAFRIHI on the river of life. Chicago River, on the west side of ping Tom Park, is the reminder of the journey, and is in great harmony with the building. The journey finishes with entering the suspended cafĂŠ as a reminder of tea houses.
CERMAK
site location
FIRST SKETCHES
FIGURE GROUND MAP
1
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Building Perimeters formation Primary drawings that defines the boundaries of building and site, located by Chicago river in the historic Pint tom park. Page 36
SITE PLAN
Berming gallery+services Parts selected to get bermed inside the ground.
main entrance
Ground level formation Parts selected to stay on the ground, making the exhibition spaces in 2 different stories with different view and light qualities.
Cafe and landscape connection Formation of the cafe accessible from the park and the galleries at the bottom. The ramp finishes the circulation at the end of the exhibitions. Page 37
site plan
Bird eye view toward CMoMA Page 38
Cafe interior
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Assumed client: City of Chicago Project Use Type: Art center (A-3 Assembly: Art gallery) Location: Ping Tom Memorial Park, south development, Chicago, IL 60616 Net Square footage: 18664 sf Planning code zoning group: Manufacturing Building code construction type: Type A-III
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FIRST FLOOR PLAN 1 Pavilion 2 Lobby 3 Classroom 4 Art studio I 5 Art studio II 6 Office space 7 Cafe
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PAVILLION
5 ART STUDIO
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LOBBY
6 ARTS CENTER OFFICE
HION GALLERY
11 WATERFRON PEDESTRIAN
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CLASS ROOM
7 RIVER FRONT CAFE
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ART STUDIO
MECHANICAL ROOM
SPATIAL D
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The Asian arts center in Chicago is located in Ping Tom memorial Park. Ping Tom memorial park, is a public park in Chinatown Chicago that was built in 1999 in the memory of the powerful businessman of Chinatown, Ping Tom. The park construction had two phases, first phase included the 4 half of the park. construction of southern part, and is the place where the arts center is going to be locates at and the second phase is the northern There will be expansions to the northern half which will include construction of a cultural arts and recreational facility and a boathouse. Ping Tom Park is the major park for Chinatown residents and has the potential to be an attraction point for people across Chicago. Asian art center, is a community center where Asian arts, including sculpture, paintings and fashion designs are produced to public audience. A successful Arts center should create an environment which attracts different parts of a community; not only the artists but also ordinary people and 5 even young students especially with the context of Chinatown. To reach this goal some different functions are proposed to put together in an art center: a public Library, Lecture hall, Art Studios and at the central point the Art Galleries and martial arts spaces. As case studies, Buddhist Temples and Zen gardens have been studied, and their assets have been added to this design. Zen garden as the major point of this project is the idealized landscape, surrounded by the galleries and helps the visitors relax and enjoy the art inside. Buddhist temple, as the symbol of contemplation with their strong geometry have been the other focus in this project. Bringing assets of both Zen gardens and Buddhist temples, results in a journey that happens with entering the building, and is a metaphorical journey that reminds of the journey on the river of life. Chicago River, on the west side of ping Tom Park, is the reminder of the journey, and is6in great harmony with the building. The journey finishes with entering the suspended cafĂŠ as a reminder of tea houses and leads to the point that the journey started with a ramp that finishes the west edge of site.
RT GALLERY
LERY
A1
FIRST FLOOR PLAN SC. 1/200
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A1
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BASEMENT FLOOR PLAN
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1 Zen garden 2 Community space 3 Cafe 4 Gallery 5 Water gallery 6 Modern art gallery 7 Fashion gallery 8 Storage 9 Mechanical 10 Loading dock 11 Waterfront pedestrian
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ZEN GARDEN
5 WATER GALLERY
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MECHANICAL ROOM
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PAVILLION
section a-a
MAIN ENTRY, WITH VIEWS TO ZEN GARDEN
Roof Level 4.0
LOBBY Ground Floor 0.0
Level B 4 m total below grade
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PERFORMANCE
THE LIGHT WELL , BRINGING NATURAL LIGHT INSIDE
SKY LIGHT IN CLASSMROOMS, BRINGING CONTROLLED DIFFUSED LIGHT INTO THE SPACE
CLASSROOM
CLASSROOM
ADMIN.
CLASSROOM
REFLECTIVE POOL
GALLERY STORAGE
MECHANICAL
LOADING DOCK
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ART GALLERIES
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LOBBY
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DESPECTO HOTEL Professor: Jorge Ruegemer Course: Option studio II Despecto means overlook. Designed as a luxurious hotel high above the valleys of monument valley, Despecto hotel creates an exceptional experience of space and view toward the mesas and buttes of Tse Bii' Ndzisgaii for the visitors. The poetic views toward the buttes and the sky and bringing nature inside and outside the project are the main concepts of this project.
DESPECTO HOTEL MONUMENT VALLEY, UTAH
PROJECT TYPE: HOTEL LOCATION: MONUMENT VALLEY, UTAH TOTAL AREA: 22000 ft2 COURSE: OPTION STUDIO/UNIVERSITY OF UTAH DATE: SPRING 2013 Despecto means overlook. Designed as a luxurious hotel high above the valleys of monument valley, Despecto hotel creates an exceptional experience of space and view toward the mesas and buttes of Tse Bii' Ndzisgaii for the visitors. The poetic views toward the buttes and the sky and bringing nature inside and outside the project are the main concepts of this project. In order to reach a monolithic appearance of concrete, the entire project is made of one homogeneous layer,
site location
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insulated concrete with a U value of 0.4 W/m2k. There are only a few materials used in the entire project such as larch wood, glass and concrete. The water used in the courtyard comes from the ground water that is provided by Oljato alluvial aquifer. The other resource for water is the rain water collection system, and the Grey water produced in the building itself. Water is further filtered and used in the fountains and for toilet use. In order to use the excessive solar energy available on the site, solar thermal panels are placed on the roofs of each unit, and use the stored water resource and heats it up for radiant floor and hot water use in units. Also, to use the prevailing winds coming from west, openings are placed on western walls toward the courtyard.
VIEW FROM THE SITE
Perimeters formation
UNITS ARRANGEMENT
Site lines as a defining element in formation of building permimeters.
Units organized in a stepped manner based on the site lines.
main entrance view
EAST ELEVATION FORMATION
COURTYARD CREATION
East elevation, as the major side approached by the pedestrian follows the arrangements on the
Courtyards created by removing masses from the spaces between units, making public/semi private spaces. Page 49
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UNIT SAMPLE WALL SECTION 1 60 cm insulating concrete 2 Glass sliding door in timber frame 3 Perforated copper screen 4 20 cm reinforced concrete 10 cm insulation radiant floor 5 Solar thermal collector
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mixed-mode office BUILDING
IBPSA [Student Modeling Competition] Advisor: Holly Samuelson The aim of this project is to design and test a mixed mode ventilation strategy for an office building located in New Delhi, India. Using the provided weather file, the annual climatic data was analyzed and used for the formulation of a building strategy. The competition requires compliance with thermal comfort ranges i.e. 20.3 deg C to 26.7 deg C indoors and an assessment of air quality (CO2) when natural ventilation is used. In addition, the proposed scheme must detail opening sizes, furniture layout and facade details. The design
MIXED-MODE OFFICE BUILDING [IBPSA Student Modeling Competition] NEW DELHI, INDIA PROJECT TYPE: Office Building LOCATION: New Delhi, India TOTAL AREA: 660 m2 DATE: Fall 2015 Group Project/tasks: Lighting Simulations,re-design, modeling, drawings This project aims to both establish and test a methodology for designing passive strategies for a naturally ventilated office building. Lighting design, airflow assessment and overall energy usage become integral indicators for design features such as faรงade design, interior arrangement, program distribution and material selection. In order to ensure a comprehensive process, we have chosen to use simulation tools in a phased manner.
The aim of integrating several simulation tools is to capitalize on specialized features and reach a greater degree of accuracy keeping in mind our assumptions and limitations of each tool. Our aim in coupling different testing methodologies is to aid simulation to better inform architectural decisions. The aim of integrating several simulation tools is to capitalize on specialized features and reach a greater degree of accuracy keeping in mind our assumptions and limitations of each tool. Our aim in coupling different testing methodologies is to aid simulation to better inform architectural decisions. The process was started with the analysis of the climate using the provided weather file of New Delhi. Since it was apparent that it is a very hot climate, the cooling loads were very high.
radiation MAP
north west facade
base case
new design Temperature distribution Page 54
Chimney: Buoyancy driven ventilation by introducing a ‘glass box’ as an extension of the existing shaft to maximize solar gains’ potential as pulling force.
18 people total
Lower occupancy in top levels as there are already high heat gains from solar radiation
24 people total
28 people total
Furniture materials and layout: Interior layout designed to balance occupancy and wind flow paths inside the spaces. The design, material selection as well as placement of furniture is done so as to achieve a path of minimum resistance in the direction of wind flow.
Chimney: Optimized for maximizing North Light into the floors and for buoyancy driven ventilation performance
Construction: Using Rat-Trap bond construction technique for increased insulation and 30% material reduction. Glass type used is double low-e Argon filled .
Buffer Space: Layering of facade elements creates a permeable buffer space for heat flush and protection from extreme hot and cold winds.
Facade: Titanium Di-oxide coated facade with native planters and climbers for naturally purifying incoming air from particulates and harmful active
Design strategies
north
west
south west
south east
Shading calculations
east
Combined point shading projections Page 55
Facade design The resulting facade is a system of vertical porous members with increased surface area coated with Titanium Di-oxide paint along with a system of season-adjustable planters acting also as movable shading element. Occupied hours
Daylight Availability 350 Lux / Base Case Page 56
Daylight Availability 350 Lux / Design Case
WIND ROSE- 1 APRIL TO 30 AUGUST
WIND ROSE- 1 SEPTEMBER TO 30 MARCH
3 Dimensional temperature plot Top: temperature above 25c middle: comfort range bottom: Annual temperature profile SUN PATH DIAGRAM global horizontal radiation 25000
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Base Case energy results
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FINAL REDESIGN energy results Page 57
SALT LAKE MEDIATION CENTER Professor: Stephen Toebler Course: Option studio III Mediation center is a place where communication and problem solving happens in a more informal setting. This informality needs to be reflected in spaces, with variability in bringing open and closed spaces and different qualities of lighting. Mediation needs preparation. In this project there is a journey happening before, during and after the mediation process.
SALT LAKE MEDIATION CENTER SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH North
PROJECT type: office LOCATION: Salt lake city, Utah TOTAL AREA: 20091 SF COURSE: option studio/UNIVERSITY OF UTAH DATE: Fall 2013
This building includes different parts: a one story cafe located at the main entrance of the building, a courtyard at the entrance with desirable shading, and a 3 story mediation space located at the back corner of the site. This mediation center can become a new icon for the neighborhood, while respecting the holistic 3 image of the neighborhood. The transitional open space between the cafe and the mediation space prepares the visitors for their next spatial experience. The mediation rooms are located in a 3 story, double-skin glazed space. The rooms are designed in 2 different sizes as volumes that are shifted from this double-skin form. There is also roof gardens from the mediation rooms on the 2nd floor.
W400N
N200W
N300W
Mediation center is a place where communication and problem solving happens in a more informal setting. This informality needs to be reflected in spaces, with variability in bringing open and closed spaces and different qualities of lighting. Mediation needs preparation. In this project there is a journey happening before, during and after W300N the mediation process. People start a different experience the moment they walk into building and start getting more curious, and more relaxed.
N State St
N Main St
1 W200N N West Temple St
W North Temple St
SITE PLAN
N West Temple St
S200W
S300W
SITE LOCATION
W South Temple St
2
E South Temple St
S State St
S Main St
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Perimeters formation
height contrast
Site lines help defining the main lines of building perimeters.
Based on the program, the main volume gets split into two parts with different heights.
BIRD’S EYE VIEW
removed/ shifted volumes and space Open and closed spaces continue forming by removing and shifting
final formation Mediation room formation as final step
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OPPOSITE PAGE, TOP Main entrance OPPOSITE PAGE, BOTTOM N 200W street view
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FIRST FLOOR PLAN 1 Main entrance 2 Lobby 3 Cafe 4 Law offices 5 Administrative 6 Courtyard
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1 Large mediation rooms 2 Small mediation rooms 3 Waiting space 4 Green roof Page 63
WEST VALLEY CITY COMMUNITY CENTER Professor: Prescott Muir Course: Option studio I This community center is designed to provide a unique cultural and social environment for the diverse community of West Valley City. To reach this diversity in both experience and design, different programs are proposed to put together in this center: library, lecture hall, art studios and at the central point the art galleries. The main lobby is designed as a translucent double-skin structure.
West Valley COMMUNITY CENTER WEST VALLEY CITY COMMUNITY CENTER WESTVALLEY VALLEYCITY, CITY, UTAH WEST UTAH PROJECT TYPE: ASSEMBLY/COMMUNITY CENTER PROJECT TYPE: ASSEMBLY/COMMUNITY CENTER LOCATION: west valley LOCATION: WEST VALLEY CITY,city, UTAH Utah TOTAL AREA: 25000 ft2 TOTAL AREA: 25000 FT2 COURSE: core studio COURSE: CORE STUDIO DATE: Fall 2012 DATE: FALL 2013 This community center is designed to provide a unique cultural and social environment for the diverse community of to West Valley City. To reach This art center is designed create a unique environment this diversity in both experience and design, for the diverse community of West Valley City. To reach this different programs areand proposed to put functions togetherare diversity in both experience design, different in this center: library, lecture hall, art studios and at proposed to put together in this art center: library, lecture hall, the central point the art galleries. The main lobby art studios and at the central point the art galleries. Unique is designed a translucent double-skin quality of space,aslight and other comfort factors arestructure, other using natural ventilation with operable openings important values of this project. Furthermore, the art galleries on the theart north-end of the building. and studios willsides improve the situation of community in
The skylights are designed to control the lights this area. coming into the space, making this part of the building a light box, while the galleries that wrap around the garden are kept solid, with more indirect light coming from the shaded garden itself. The courtyard is the only open space within the building, and acts as a focal point. It provides inspirational impact on the visitors and students doing art classes, with the greenery and the effects of light within it and is accessible from the lower level. The gift shop, located at the main entrance, is surrounded by a reflective pool, giving the experience of an island to the visitors.
RESEARCH WAY
REDWOOD ROAD
SITE site LOCATION location
VIEW FROM WAY STREET view fromRESEARCH research way
PERIMITERS PerimitersFORMATION formation
OPEN/CLOSED SPACE open/closed space
USEof OFdaylight DAYLIGHT LIGHT use light
building location sets sets back back in a middle Building location in a part of the site. middle part of the site.
removed parts of the form used Removed parts ofprimary the primary as courtyards form used as courtyards
courtyard asasthethe main source of access Courtyard main source to indirect sunlight through out the of access to indirect sunlight galleries and other space. through out the galleries and
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bird’s eye vew
cafe gallery
lobby
interior spaces
FORMANTION
Lobby enables access to galleries, courtyard and cafe space double height galleries and cafe as major parts of building to be accessed from the
The final formation of building parts with different heights and open/closed spaces. Page 67
Top Main entrance Bottom Skylight design OPPOSITE PAGE, TOP Structural system
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FLOOR PLAN 1 Main entrance 2 Lobby 3 Public gallery 4 Gift shop 5 Library 6 Art gallery 7 Student gallery 8 Storage 9 Drawing studio 10 Painting studio 11 Cafe
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TRAVELING PROTECTED BIKEWAY Advisors: Kirk Bairian and Hayley Wong Gensler research project 1. How can we use temporary materials to “roll out� a protected bikeway? 2. How can the city invest in and institutionalize a set of materials that can be used to temporarily transform a street?
Traveling protected Bike way Advisors: Kirk Bairian and Hayley Wong
PROJECT TYPE: Urban/computational DATE: Summer 2015 COURSE: Summer internship Group Project/tasks: Design, simulation, model In this project we were asked to answer two main questions: 1. How can we use temporary materials to “roll out� a protected bikeway? 2. How can the city invest in and institutionalize a set of materials that can be used to temporarily transform a street? Our goal was To create a physical barrier between the car and the bike that is installed on a street temporarily (weeks, months), then packed up, transported and then re-installed on other streets.
This transformable element has the ability to move vertically in order to create a safe pathway for bikes throughout the day and protect them from passing cars, and at times and locations not needed it can move back to its horizontal situation, which allows car to drive on them in order to make the street more flexible at different times of the day. from passing cars, and at times and locations not needed it can move back to its horizontal situation, which allows car to drive on them in order to make the street more flexible at different times of the day. During night time, this elements light up using florescent stickers that connect to the edges of the transformable parts, and also help the edges get smoother.
CUTTING PATTERN EXPERIMENTS
PHYSICAL MODEL TEST
STEP 1 Page 72
STEP 2
STEP 3
STEP 4
FINAL DESIGN- FOLDED CONDITION
2’
10’
10’
1/2’
1/2’
2’ 8’
6’
8’ Page 73
MILLIPEDE ANALYSIS ANALYSIS ASSUMPTIONS STRUCTURAL USING MILLIPEDE THICKNESS DITRIBUTION ANALYSIS/RIGID PART
[Grasshopper Plug-in]
LOAD AMOUNT: 196N =60*9.8/0.03
pinned support
LOAD
roller support MATERIAL: steel 0.001mm
PINNED SUPPORT
self weight SUPPORT TYPE: pinned
Deflection visualization / 2nd stable condition
support type: pinned THICKNESS OPTIMIZATION RESULTS
support and roller support deflection number= 0.03 thickness of steel=1 mm
Thickness optimization
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Stress patterns/ 2nd stable condition
Layer 1-flexible Layer 2-flexible Layer 3-solar Layer 4-perimeter Layer 5-base
UNFOLD
FOLD
Manual Version Fold and Folded version and layers
Pinion
Rack
Conversion between translational and rotational motion as the principal of the automatic version motion
Bike Crankset as inspiration
AUTOMATIC Version USING RACK AND PINION
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CATAPULT [BiStable Chair] Professor: Panagiotis Michalatos Course: Digital Structures and Material Distribution The design brief called for a ‘fuzzy’ object, one that demonstrates hybrid function as well as hybrid structure. Our aim was to create an object that at one moment would functions as one thing and would transform into something completely different.
CATAPULT [BiStable Chair] Professor: Panagiotis Michalatos
PROJECT TYPE: Structure/fabrication COURSE: Digital structures and material distribution DATE: Fall 2014 Group Project/tasks: Design, fabrication, simulation The design brief called for a ‘fuzzy’ object, one that demonstrates hybrid function as well as hybrid structure. Rather than combining 2 objects simultaneously, we wanted to create an object that at one moment would functions as one thing, and when under stress, would transform into something different. We decided early on that it could possibly be a table (under light load, i.e. books, cat) and then a chair (under heavy load, i.e. person sitting). Our approach to the hybrid structure was a gradual distribution from a soft,
flexible element, to a rigid, structural element. We challenged ourselves to try and achieve this through a single-material object. Ultimately, we would measure the degree in ‘softness’ through the material’s modulus of elasticity. For inspiration we looked at bi-stable mechanisms, as they also require a combination of rigidity and elasticity, in order to deflect between two stable positions. We also considered the ‘snap bracelet’, that transitions between opposing concave and convex surfaces when force is applied. The concept of opposing curvatures appealed to us the most. We decided to incorporate a system of layers that would gradually change in shape and type of steel.
w=29cm 2.3cm
18cm
first condition
Second condition
w=29cm 2.3cm
d=32.6cm
18cm
2 conditions diagram
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1ST CONDITION: SMALL WEIGHT ASSIGNED
d=32.6cm
w=29cm 2.3cm
d=32.6cm
18cm
w=29cm 2.3cm
d=32.6cm
18cm
FINAL MODEL
TRANSITION TO THE SECOND CONDITION BIG LOAD ASSIGNED
2nd condition stabilized
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MILLIPEDE ANALYSIS ASSUMPTIONS STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS USING MILLIPEDE THICKNESS DITRIBUTION ANALYSIS/RIGID PART
[Grasshopper Plug-in]
MPTIONS NALYSIS/RIGID PART
roller ROLLER supportSUPPORT
MATERIAL: steel 0.001mm
Load Amount: 196N= 60*9.8/ 0.03
03
TS
LOAD
LOAD AMOUNT: 196N =60*9.8/0.03
LOAD REGION
Pinned MATERIAL: steel 0.001mmPINNED SUPPORT support
PINNED SUPPORT
SUPPORT TYPE: pinned
PINNED SUPPORT
Support type: pinned and roller
THICKNESS OPTIMIZATION RESULTS
Millipede, a plug-in in grasshopper, has been used in order to visualize stress patterns, in order to define the areas with highest concentration of stress and decide on ways to reduce this concentration, and also reducing the deflection number into its minimum amount by making MILLIPEDE ANALYSIS ASSUMPTIONS SHELL SCRIPTS ANALYSIS
changes in the initial form, connection points(supports) and also material and the thickness of the material. The computational strategy was mainly used for the rigid(stationary) part of the structure, and the design of the flexible part of the structure was done by physical tests.
LOAD REGION load
pinned NED SUPPORT
support
SS
load
pinned support DEFLECTION VISUALIZATION
DEFLECTION
RIGID PART STRESS LINE Page 80
THICKNESS DISTRIBUTION FOR RIGID PART
PINNED SUP
LOAD REGION
LOAD REGION
ICKNESS OPTIMIZATION THICKNESS OPTIMIZATION RESULTS RESULTS PINNED SUPPORT PINNED SUPPORT
Thickness optimization stepping using scripting in grasshopper, we have tried to assign thicknesses based on highest concentration of stresses.
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Page 82
TOP Final model, layers BOTTOM Final model OPPOSITE PAGE Fabrication process
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Research Projects
Enviornmentally Responsive Facade [HEAT ACUATED AUXETICS] Professor: James Weaver, Martin Betchold Course: Nano/Micro/Macro: Adaptive Material Laboratory Considering the high demand for more adaptable and reconfigurable structures, this research project focuses on the design and development of highly deformable materials/patterns(auxetics). We started with the instabilities in 2D periodic structures that have been already studied by Bertoldi group. We started our experiments with a square array of star shaped holes in an elastomeric matrix, and as we reach a certain point of applied stress.
ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIVE FACADE Professor: James Weaver, Martin Bechthold
PROJECT TYPE: Materials/Technology COURSE: Nano/Micro/Macro DATE: Fall 2015 Group Project/tasks: Design/Experiment/Simulation Considering the high demand for more adaptable and reconfigurable structures, this research project focuses on the design and development of highly deformable materials/patterns. These adaptive structures introduce the potential for highly active/ deformable structures/objects that have the ability to respond to an external stimuli, structures that have multiple stages based on their adaptation mode( environment,…). Auxetics are materials that have a negative Poisson ration, meaning that if they get stretched they get thicker.
Shrinky dink 2d experiments
In the next steps of our investigations, we started with the instabilities in 2D periodic structures that have been already studied by Bertoldi group. We started our experiments with a square array of star shaped holes in an elastomeric matrix, and as we reach a certain point of applied stress( 8 kg of force), to suddenly transform to a periodic pattern of alternating, mutually orthogonal, ellipse shapes. We continued our experiments with a square array of circular holes using 3d printing, and a periodic pattern of alternating, mutually orthogonal, ellipses were observed in the next step. For the final application, the shading device will be controlled by heat actuated springs, that will get closed in summer time and stay open in winter time to let more natural light in.
auxetic pattern experiment
Exterior frame wooden Pin to join auxetic material to Shape memory polymer
Shape memory polymer layer
Interior glazing
Wooden Cover
Exterior Glass
Shape memory alloy+ spring
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auxetic facade shading
Experiment setup- OPEN condition
closed condition using actuated shape memory alloy
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before eat heat emory oly- poly-
In looking at materials smart materials and building construction systems, the relationship between energy stimuli kinetic systems was explored. In looking at smart and construction systems, the relationship between energy stimuli and kinetic systems was explored. Short Introduction orbuilding Abstract Short Introduction or Abstract Short Introduction orand Abstract Short Introduction or ShortThrough Introduction orofAbstract Short or Abstract Short Introduction Abstract Short Introduction or the advent multi-material 3-DIntroduction printing and auxetic materials/structures we wanted toor merge these two systems intoorder to design Through the advent of multi-material 3-D printing and auxetic materials/structures we wanted to merge these two systems in order design Abstract Short Introduction or Abstract Short Introduction or Abstract Short Introduction or Abstract Short new methods of fabricating passive kinetic structures. Abstract Short Introduction or Abstract new methods of fabricating passive kinetic structures. Short Introduction or Abstract Short Introduction or Abstract Short There two benefits to this approach: Introduction or Abstract Short Introduction or Abstract Short Introduction or Abstract Short Introduction or Abstract There are twoare benefits to this approach: Introduction or Abstract Short Introduction or Abstract Short Introduction or Abstract Short Introduction or Abstract 1. We can to begin to create “smart” materials thattoreact to specific dataelectrical (heat, electrical humidity even city data as density). 1. We Short can begin create “smart” materials that react specific kinds ofkinds dataof (heat, charge,charge, humidity even city data such assuch density). Introduction or Abstract Short Introduction or Abstract Short Introduction or Abstract Short Introduction or Short Introduction or Abstract Short Introduction or Abstract Short Introduction or Abstract Short or printed 2. We can eliminate thefor need for kinetic structures that typically would typically and instead use aIntroduction multi-material 3D 2. We can eliminate the need kinetic roboticrobotic structures that would actuateactuate motionsmotions and instead use a multi-material 3D printed single that object that can actuate passively solar heat. single object can actuate passively by solarbyheat.
Design Option 1 Design Option 1
Graphics Graphics
(minimum font (minimum font size 20 size pt) 20 pt)
Theofuse heat activated actuator to do fold-able and origami structures is theidea mainofidea this design The shape The use heatofactivated actuator to do fold-able and origami structures is the main this of design option.option. The shape itera- iterations are endless and the transformation itselfclosed from closed to open, adds an aesthetic value to the system. This product tions are endless and the transformation itself from to open, adds an aesthetic value to the system. This product can becan be used in exterior facades as a shading element or interior as an interior used in exterior facades as a shading element or as an wall. wall.
Design Option Design Option Product Detail2 Product Detail2map Annual radiation
Besfore actuation of shape polymemory polyBesfore actuation of shape memory layer/ larger withing openingthe withing the mer layer/mer larger opening fritted glazing addaptiveaddaptive fritted glazing Exterior frameExterior frame wooden wooden
Pin to join auxetic Pin to join auxetic material to Shape material to Shape memory polymer memory polymer Shape memory Shape memory polymer layerpolymer layer
Besfore actuation of shape polymemory polyBesfore actuation of shape memory layer/ larger withing openingthe withing the mer layer/mer larger opening fritted glazing addaptiveaddaptive fritted glazing Interior glazing Interior glazing
1st Condition : 1st Condition :
Wooden Cover
Wooden Lower tempreture(before in Lowerintempreture(before heat Cover
heat actuation shape memory actuation of shapeofmemory poly- polymer layer) mer layer)
Graphics Graphics
Exterior GlassExterior Glass
Besfore actuation shape memory polyBesfore actuation of shape of memory polymer layer/ larger opening withing the mer layer/ larger opening withing the addaptive fritted glazing addaptive fritted glazing
(minimum font (minimum font size 20 size pt) 20 pt)
Summer- Spring radiation map Besfore actuation shape memory polyBesfore actuation of shape of memory polysuggested strategy: Open version of Auxetic mer layer/ larger opening withing the mer layer/ larger opening withing the addaptive fritted glazing addaptive fritted glazing pattern at daytime
Temperature Temperature increase due toincrease due to sunlight to 30 sunlight to 30
Shape memory alloy+ Shape memory alloy+ spring spring
Temperature Temperature increase due toincrease due to sunlight to 30 sunlight to 30
Fall- Winter radiation map suggested strategy: Open version of Auxetic After actuation in 30 c opening / smallerdue opening After actuation in 30 c / smaller to thedue to the heat actuation pattern at daytime heat actuation
inspiration: Hoberman Adaptive DesignDesign inspiration: Chuck Chuck Hoberman Adaptive fritting fritting After Actuation: After Actuation:
to solar reduce solar rays smaller smaller gaps to gaps reduce rays thereducing space reducing the enteringentering the space the total heat gain total heat gain
After actuation in 30 c opening / smallerdue opening After actuation in 30 c / smaller to thedue to the heat actuation heat actuation
increase due to Temperature Temperature increase due to sunlight to 30sunlight to 30
increase due to Temperature Temperature increase due to sunlight to 30sunlight to 30
After actuation in 30 c / smaller to the After actuation in 30 c /opening smaller due opening due to the heat actuation heat actuation
Auxetic structure second condition/ Auxetic structure second condition/ heat actuated heat actuated
Auxetic structure second condition/ Auxetic structure second condition/ heat actuated heat actuated
Page 90Design Design and production of an adaptive fritted fritted glazingglazing systemsystem using state-of-the-art technology: shape shape memory polymer as a pasand production of an adaptive using state-of-the-art technology: memory polymer as a pas-
sive actuator and customized auxeticauxetic structures and geometries as a unique innovative design.design. This system will improve the en-the ensive actuator and customized structures and geometries as a unique innovative This system will improve
TOP Glare study, Fish eye December 21st 3 pm MIDDLE Glare study,With shading in open condition December 21st, 3 pm BOTTOM Glare study,With shading in closed condition June 21st, 3 pm Page 91
real-time structural analysis [INTERACTIVE] Professor: Panagiotis Michalatos Course: Introduction to Computational Design The aim of this project is to enhance the ability of designers to visualize and compute structural analysis of every desired surface within a short period of time. As a real time interactive tool, its intention is to familiarize people with everyday shell structures as well as assist in early stage form finding.
real-time structural analysis Professor: Panagiotis Michalatos
PROJECT TYPE: Computation/interaction COURSE: Introduction to computational design DATE: Fall 2015 Group Project/tasks: Optimization coding, Setup The aim of this project is to enhance the ability of designers to visualize and compute structural analysis within a short period of time. As a real time interactive tool, its intention is to familiarize people with everyday shell structures as well as assist in early stage form finding. Based on loading conditions that are inputted by the user, the shell structure is analyzed within the modeling interface and the user can mold the outcome as they wish to achieve the most optimal outcome. The loading conditions are inputted in the beginning of
the analysis using color detection. The Kinect picks up this data as well as the modeling process and maps the analysis in real time on the object. Our real time analysis uses four levels of interactive visualizations: - Structural Analysis: A color gradient assigned to the detected surface - 3D Deflection visualization: the potential/ exaggerated deflection of the shell structure analyzed. - Stress Distribution: An overlay of stress vectors of the structure. - Optimization: Providing instructional assistance, this visualization computes the optimal shell shape based on the support locations, material,...
PROJECTOR
KINECT SENSOR
KINECT HEIGHT 0.7 m
ANALYSIS GRID
SHELL DETECTION REGION
SUPPORTS OPTIONS TABS OPTIONS TABS
FIRST STAGE PHYSICAL SETUP
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setup edit mode
PROJECTOR
KINECT SENSOR
ANALYSIS GRID
SHELL DETECTION REGION
OBJECT TO ANALYSIS. TENSION COMPRESSION GRAPH PROJECTED ON THE SURFACE
FINAL SETUP- KINECT AND MAPPED PROJECTION ON SURFACE
HYPAR OPTIMAL SURFACE SUGGESTION MODE
DEFLECTION COLOR VISUALIZATION
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Edit Mode
Quad Vis.
Deflection
Stress Vector
Optimization
Deflection
Optimization
Edit Mode
Quad Vis.
Deflection
Stress Vector
Optimization
Deflection
Optimization
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TOP Final projection/analysis OPPOSITE PAGE, TOP Stress vector visualization OPPOSITE PAGE, BOTTOM Deflection & optimization
structural analysis final setup Using red colored objects, support nodes(colomns) are placed in the edit mode. A square of 20 cm by 20 cm is the assigned area for detection and visualization.
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ADAPTIVE PNEUMATIC SHADING Professor: Skylar Tibbits Course: Active architectures This project explores the design of a hybrid structure that has the ability to adapt to its environment and help the user feel more comfortable in harsh climate conditions. The focus of this project is day time in high temperatures.
ADAPTIVE PNEUMATIC SHADING Professor: Skylar Tibbits
PROJECT TYPE: Fabrication/structure COURSE: MIT - active architectures DATE: Fall 2015 This project explores the design of a hybrid structure that has the ability to adapt to its environment and help the user feel more comfortable in harsh climate conditions. The focus of this project is day time in high temperatures. In order to reach comfort, the idea of an adaptive shading device that controls the solar exposure has been explored, a system that covers parts of face and head during the day and gets deactivated when there is not high solar exposure. Another important factor that has been studied is
Inflation/ deflation
final concept
Page 100
the solar angles, that will influence the length and angles of the shading device. The final prototype includes a central piece that has been optimized structurally to stay stable and transformable pieces that can curve up and down in order to block the sun at times. Transformation of the shading pieces is done using pneumatic pouches, that are made from black Nylon fabric attached to each piece, and the air activation happens using vacuum pump. Each transformable piece includes a deformed flexible acrylic piece, which allows the piece to stay stable and have the bistable behavior included. Inflation of air lets the piece to get into its second stable condition, and deflation forces each piece back to its first condition.
final prototype
SUPPORT TYPE: pinned
SUPPORT TYPE: pinned
THICKNESS OPTIMIZATION RESULTS
THICKNESS OPTIMIZATION RESULTS
STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION
Production of bistable pieces using heat sealing
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1st Layer-Nylon/TPU fabric
Heat
Heat
2nd Layer-1:32 acrylic
3rd Layer-Nylon/TPU fabric
Heat
inflatble actuator
TOP Flexible pieces production process inflatble actuator
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BOTTOM Tubing , Air vacuum pump and it's connections
TRANSFORMATION STEPS Flexible pieces transform when exposed to sunlight
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UPTOWN EXCHANGE Cannon Design + University of Utah Chicago app. lab summer workshop Partnered with Cannon Design, the 6-week project was focused on the development of a future sustainable Uptown in Chicago. In order to achieve that, transformation of train stations potential to become a green hub for the future uptown, and a safe and desirable place for the people throughout the day that can be repeated in other stations in city of Chicago.
UPTOWN EXCHANGE Professors: Erin Carraher, Andrew Balster
PROJECT TYPE: Transportation LOCATION: Chicago,IL COURSE: Summer workshop/ CANNON DESIGN DATE: Summer 2013 Group Project/ Tasks: design, drawing, illustrative maps, night rendering
AD
RO
HB
RT
NO
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The Uptown Exchange was result of an interdisciplinary studio made up of a diverse range of students, from urban planning and architecture from University of Utah. Partnered with Cannon Design, the 6-week project was focused on the development of a future sustainable Uptown in Chicago. In order to achieve that, transformation of train stations have been the major focus of this project. Wilson station, located at uptown is an
example of these places that have a great potential to become a green hub for their entire neighborhoods, and has the potential to become a green hub for the future uptown, and a safe and desirable place for the people throughout the day that can be repeated in other stations in city of Chicago. In order to reach efficiency purposes, using a bio-digester and a rain water collector has been proposed. Also creating loops within the systems to use and produce its own resources have been part of our goals. A new tensile structure along with permeable pavements that further store the water are designed under the station, and biking routes that make the station accessible and bringing more social activities such as farmers' markets .
WEST WILSON
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NO Y WA WEST MONTROSE
CHICAGO
site location
bottom A new sustainable city proposal, wastes as an opportunity
+ JOBS
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view from street
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1 11 3 2
7
12
10
4 9
6
13
8
5
FLOOR PLAN 1 Receptacles 2 Biodigester 3 Bike path 4 Bike share station
5 Rainwater collection 6 Permeable pavement 7 Bioswales 8 Green roof
9 Trellis 10 Green ways 11 Mixed-use 12 Canopy
GREEN ROOF
OPPOSITE PAGE ,TOP Section showing bio-digester process in the station OPPOSITE PAGE ,BOTTOM Re-imagined Wilson station THIS PAGE,rIGHT Re-imagined Wilson station section
UNSOLD PRODUCE + FOOD WASTE
BIOSWALE FILTRATION BIODIGESTER
RAINWATER COLLECTION PERMEABLE PAVEMENT
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Photography
Page 112
OPPOSITE PAGE DSLR camera photography This page, top Photoesaticity photography using Polarizing filter to view stress distribution This page, MIddle Photoesaticity photography This page, BOTTOM Schlieren photography of a heated surface visualizing flow
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