165
Work & Industry in Tredegar during the 19th century A Key Stage 2 Educational Resource Pack Part 5—Using the Census
166
How can we find out more about the jobs that people did during the 19th century? We can use a document called the census to find out what work people did during the 19th century from 1841 to 1901. The census survey was carried out for every house in the whole country and was made every 10 years. Later censuses provide more information than earlier ones. Using the evidence collected by the census, we can find out how many people lived in each house, their names, how old they were, where they were born, how they were related and what jobs they had.
167
We are going to look at the people who lived in a row or short terrace of houses called Plumber’s (or Plummer’s) Row in Tredegar. We will start with the 1891 census and then compare this with the 1851 census for the same row of houses. Some notes to help you with the 1891 census: This was the first census to record the language spoken by everyone in Wales aged 3 or above. A person who spoke Welsh only was written as ‘Welsh’; or English only was written as ‘English’. However a person who could speak English and Welsh was written as ‘Both’. A colliery is the same as a coal mine. A haulier is someone who controls the horses and wagons (called drams) that bring coal or ironstone in and out of a mine or colliery. A scholar was a child who attended school during the day.
168
Here is the first part of the 1891 census for Plumber’s Row.
169
Here is the second part of the 1891 census for Plumber’s Row. There are typed copies of each census sheet on the next pages.
170
Relation
Condition
Male/ Female
Age Occupation
Where Born
Language spoken
OWENS, Howell
Head
Married
M
40
Tredegar, Monmouthshire
Both
OWENS, Mary
Wife
Married
F
39
Tredegar, Monmouthshire
Both
OWENS, William
Son
Single
M
6
Scholar
Tredegar, Monmouthshire
English
OWENS, Thomas J
Son
Single
M
3
Scholar
Tredegar, Monmouthshire
English
OWENS, Mary A
Daughter
Single
F
1
ABRAHAM, Benjamin
Head
Married
M
53
ABRAHAM, Margaret
Wife
Married
F
49
ABRAHAM, John
Son
Single
M
15
ABRAHAM, Abraham
Son
Single
M
7
Name 1 Plumers Row
Coal Miner
Tredegar, Monmouthshire
2 Plumers Row Coal Miner
Coal Miner
Dukestown, Brecknockshire
Both
Tredegar, Monmouthshire
Both
Dukestown, Brecknockshire
English
Tredegar, Monmouthshire
English
171
Relation
Condition
Male/ Female
Age Occupation
PRICE, David
Head
Married
M
34
PRICE, Elizabeth
Wife
Married
F
PRICE, David R
Son
PRICE, Sarah J PRICE, Harriet A
Name
Where Born
Language spoken
Rhymney, Monmouthshire
Both
29
Rhymney, Monmouthshire
Both
M
7
Rhymney, Monmouthshire
English
Daughter
F
5
Tredegar, Monmouthshire
English
Daughter
F
11M
Tredegar, Monmouthshire
3 Plumers Row Haulier in Coal Mine
4 Plumers Row LEWIS, William
Head
Married
M
46
LEWIS, Elizabeth
Wife
Married
F
LEWIS, Thomas
Son
LEWIS, Llewellyn
Son
Coal Miner
Tredegar, Monmouthshire
Welsh
40
Tredegar, Monmouthshire
Welsh
M
10
Tredegar, Monmouthshire
Welsh
M
8
Tredegar, Monmouthshire
Welsh
172
Relation
Condition
Male/ Female
Age Occupation
Where Born
Language spoken
JONES, Robert
Head
Married
M
50
Scwrfa, Brecknockshire
Welsh
JONES, Joanna
Wife
Married
F
49
Sirhowy, Monmouthshire
Welsh
JONES, Martha J
Daughter
Single
F
21
Working On Colliery Tredegar, Monmouthshire
Welsh
JONES, Watkin
Son
Single
M
15
Coal Miner
Tredegar, Monmouthshire
Welsh
JONES, John
Son
Single
M
10
Scholar
Tredegar, Monmouthshire
Welsh
WIGLEY, John
Head
Married
M
40
Coal Miner
Tredegar, Monmouthshire
Both
WIGLEY, Eliza
Wife
Married
F
41
Tredegar, Monmouthshire
Both
WIGLEY, Ellen
Daughter
Single
F
12
Tredegar, Monmouthshire
Both
WIGLEY, David
Son
Single
M
15
Tredegar, Monmouthshire
Both
WIGLEY, Thomas
Son
Single
M
3
Tredegar, Monmouthshire
Both
WIGLEY, Margery
Daughter
Single
F
10
Tredegar, Monmouthshire
Both
WIGLEY, Charlotte
Daughter
Single
F
6
Tredegar, Monmouthshire
Both
DAVIES, Metress
Boarder
Married
M
26
Pontypool, Monmouthshire
Both
Name 5 Plumers Row
Haulier
6 Plumers Row
Coal Miner
Coal Miner
173
Relation
Condition
Male/ Female
Age Occupation
Where Born
Language spoken
JONES, Jane
Head
Widow
F
78
North Wales
Both
JONES, Maurice
Son
Single
M
31
Coal Miner
Tredegar, Monmouthshire
Both
ROBERTS, Edward
Head
Married
M
68
Coal Miner
Tredegar, Monmouthshire
Welsh
ROBERTS, Hannah
Wife
Married
F
70
Tredegar, Monmouthshire
Welsh
ROBERTS, David
Son
Single
M
26
Coal Miner
Tredegar, Monmouthshire
Welsh
ROBERTS, Edward
Grandson
Single
M
13
Coal Miner
Tredegar, Monmouthshire
Welsh
CLEMENTS, Thomas
Son in law
Married
M
30
Coal Miner
Tredegar, Monmouthshire
Welsh
CLEMENTS, Margaret
Daughter
Married
F
30
Tredegar, Monmouthshire
Welsh
CLEMENTS, Sarah A
Granddaughter
Single
F
7
Tredegar, Monmouthshire
Welsh
CLEMENTS, Richard
Grandson
Single
M
3
Tredegar, Monmouthshire
Welsh
CLEMENTS, Margaret
Granddaughter
Single
F
6M
Tredegar, Monmouthshire
Welsh
Name 7 Plumers Row
8 Plumers Row
174
After studying each of the 1891 census sheets carefully: Make a list of people’s occupations (jobs). Use the internet to find out what they actually did at work in order to earn a living. Draw a pie chart to compare the different jobs that people had. Except for scholars (children in school), who was the youngest person with a job? Draw pie charts to compare the different jobs that people did for those aged up to 15, aged between 16 and 30, aged between 31 and 60 and those aged over 60. What occupations (jobs) did women and girls have? Draw a pie chart to compare the different jobs that women and girls had.
175
Next, we are going to look at Plumber’s Row for the 1851 census. Most of the 1851 census was completed in Welsh however English translations are provided for all the sheets. If you would prefer to work directly from original census sheets in English only, there are copies of the 1861 census for Plumber’s Row at the end of this section (pp.181-186) although please note that houses numbered 6 to 8 are missing from the original census returns for 1861. Some extra notes to help you with the 1851 census: This was the first census to record the place where everyone was born. Ironstone or the rock that contained iron ore was called ‘mine’. This means that a ‘miner’ was someone who worked in an ironstone mine but not a coal mine. Coal mines were almost always called ‘collieries’ and miners of coal were called ‘colliers’ at this time rather than ‘miners!’ Women often worked as labourers underground and above ground on the ‘patches’ gathering, cleaning, filling and unloading drams with ironstone or ‘mine’ as it was known at the time.
176
Here is the first part of the 1851 census for Plumber’s Row.
177
Here is the second part of the 1851 census for Plumber’s Row.
178
Here is the third part of the 1851 census for Plumber’s Row. There are typed copies of each of the 3 census sheets including English translations on the next pages.
179
Relation
Condition
Male/ Female
DAVIES, Daniel
Penteulu
Wedi Priodi
M
34
DAVIES, Ann
Gwraig
Wedi Priodi
F
24
Sir Fynwy, Tredegar
DAVIES, Elizabeth
Merch
F
2
Sir Fynwy, Tredegar
DAVIES, Mary Ann
Merch
F
11 mon
Sir Fynwy, Tredegar
Name
Age
Occupation
Where Born
Mwynwr
Sir Gaerfyrddin, Cilycwm
No. 1 Plumbers Row
No. 2 Plumbers Row JONES, Hugh
Penteulu
Wedi Priodi
M
39
Mwynwr
Sir Feirionydd, Clewyn
JONES, Jane
Gwraig
Wedi Priodi
F
35
JONES, Edward
Mab
M
12
Mwynwr
Sir Feirionydd, Llanaber
JONES, Robert
Mab
M
9
Mwynwr
Sir Frycheiniog, Llangynidr?
JONES, John
Mab
M
6
Ysgolor
Sir Fynwy, Tredegar
JONES, Ann
Merch
F
8 mis
THOMAS, Robert
Nai yng nghyfraith
M
9
THOMAS, Eunice
Nith yng nghyfraith
F
6
Sir Fynwy, Tredegar
THOMAS, Richard
Nai yng nghyfraith
M
4
Sir Fynwy, Tredegar
Sir Gaernarfon, Pwllheli
Sir Fynwy, Tredegar Ysgolor
Sir Gaernarfon, Tremadog
180
English translation Relation
Condition
Male/ Female
DAVIES, Daniel
Head
Married
M
34
DAVIES, Ann
Wife
Married
F
24
Monmouthshire, Tredegar
DAVIES, Elizabeth
Daughter
F
2
Monmouthshire, Tredegar
DAVIES, Mary Ann
Daughter
F
11 mon
Monmouthshire, Tredegar
Name
Age
Occupation
Where Born
Miner
Carmarthenshire, Cilycwm
No. 1 Plumbers Row
No. 2 Plumbers Row JONES, Hugh
Head
Married
M
39
Miner
Merionethshire, Clewyn
JONES, Jane
Wife
Married
F
35
JONES, Edward
Son
M
12
Miner
Merionethshire, Llanaber
JONES, Robert
Son
M
9
Miner
Brecknockshire, Llangynidr?
JONES, John
Son
M
6
Scholar
Monmouthshire, Tredegar
JONES, Ann
Daughter
F
8 mon
THOMAS, Robert
Nephew in law
M
9
THOMAS, Eunice
Neice in law
F
6
Monmouthshire, Tredegar
THOMAS, Richard
Nephew in law
M
4
Monmouthshire, Tredegar
Carnarvonshire, Pwllheli
Monmouthshire, Tredegar Scholar
Carnarvonshire, Tremadog
181
Relation
Condition
Male/ Female
WILLIAMS, William
Penteulu
Wedi Priodi
M
52
WILLIAMS, Mary
Gwraig
Wedi Priodi
F
54
WILLIAMS, Isaac
Mab
M
20
Mwynwr
Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
WILLIAMS, Rachel
Merch
F
11
Gwniadyddes
Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
WILLIAMS, John
Penteulu
M
29
Mwyn Gloddiwr
Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty
WILLIAMS, Joice
Gwraig
F
29
Name
Age
Occupation , Disability
Where Born
Mwynwr
Glamorganshire, Merthyr
No. 3 Plumbers Row
Carmarthenshire, Cydweli
Sir Gaerfyrddin, Abernant?
No. 4 Plumbers Row PRICE, Thomas
Penteulu
Wedi Priodi
M
42
Haulier
Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty
PRICE, Janet
Gwraig
Wedi Priodi
F
33
PRICE, Thomas
Mab
M
12
PRICE, Daniel
Mab
M
6
Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty
PRICE, Ann
Merch
F
3
Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty
PRICE, Elizabeth
Merch
F
9 mon
Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty
Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty Mwynwr
Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty
182
English translation
Relation
Condition
Male/ Female
WILLIAMS, William
Head
Married
M
52
WILLIAMS, Mary
Wife
Married
F
54
WILLIAMS, Isaac
Son
M
20
Miner
Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
WILLIAMS, Rachel
Daughter
F
11
Dressmaker
Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
WILLIAMS, John
Head
M
29
Miner (ironstone)
Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
WILLIAMS, Joice
Wife
F
29
Name
Age
Occupation , Disability
Where Born
Miner
Glamorganshire, Merthyr
No. 3 Plumbers Row
Carmarthenshire, Kidwelly
Carmarthenshire, Abernant?
No. 4 Plumbers Row PRICE, Thomas
Head
Married
M
42
Haulier
Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
PRICE, Janet
Wife
Married
F
33
PRICE, Thomas
Son
M
12
PRICE, Daniel
Son
M
6
Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
PRICE, Ann
Daughter
F
3
Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
PRICE, Elizabeth
Daughter
F
9 mon
Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
Monmouthshire, Bedwellty Miner
Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
183
Relation
Condition
Male/ Female
EVANS, Morgan
Penteulu
Wedi Priodi
M
41
EVANS, Ann
Gwraig
Wedi Priodi
F
30
Sir Frycheiniog, Aberedw
EVANS, Catherine
Merch
F
9
Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty
EVANS, Walter
Mab
M
5
Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty
EVANS, Morgan
Mab
M
1
Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty
WILLIAMS, Daniel
Ymwelydd
Heb Briodi
M
24
Mwynwr
Sir Gaerfyrddin, Llangendeirne
DAVIES, David
Ymwelydd
Heb Briodi
M
24
Haulier
Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty
JONES, Thomas
Penteulu
Wedi Priodi
M
56
Mwynwr
Sir Drefaldwyn, Machynlleth
JONES, Elizabeth
Gwraig
Wedi Priodi
F
48
JONES, David
Mab
Heb Briodi
M
23
Mwynwr
Sir Feirionydd, Tywyn
JONES, Richard
Mab
M
8
Ysgolor
Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty
Name
Age
Occupation
Where Born
Haulier
Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty
No. 5 Plumbers Row
No. 6 Plumbers Row
Sir Feirionydd, Pennal
184
English translation Relation
Condition
Male/ Female
Age
Occupation
Where Born
EVANS, Morgan
Head
Married
M
41
Haulier
Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
EVANS, Ann
Wife
Married
F
30
Brecknockshire, Aberedw
EVANS, Catherine
Daughter
F
9
Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
EVANS, Walter
Son
M
5
Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
EVANS, Morgan
Son
M
1
Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
WILLIAMS, Daniel
Visitor
Unmarried
M
24
Miner
Carmarthenshire, Llangendeirne
DAVIES, David
Visitor
Unmarried
M
24
Haulier
Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
JONES, Thomas
Head
Married
M
56
Miner
Montgomeryshire, Machynlleth
JONES, Elizabeth
Wife
Married
F
48
JONES, David
Son
Unmarried
M
23
Miner
Merionethshire, Tywyn
JONES, Richard
Son
M
8
Scholar
Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
Name No. 5 Plumbers Row
No. 6 Plumbers Row
Merionethshire, Pennal
185
Relation
Condition
Male/ Female
MARTTIN, Ann
Penteulu
Gweddw
F
36
Mine Labour
Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty
MARTTIN, Hannah
Merch
Heb Briodi
F
15
Mine Labour
Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty
MARTTIN, Charles
Mab
M
8
Ysgolor
Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty
MARTTIN, Elizabeth
Merch
F
6
Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty
MARTTIN, Ann
Merch
F
4
Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty
MARTTIN, William
Mab
M
2
Sir Fynwy, Bedwellty
Name
Age
Occupation
Where Born
No. 7 Plumbers Row
No. 8 Plumbers Row JENKINS, Evan
Head
Married
M
28
Iron Miner
Brecknockshire, Defynnog
JENKINS, Mary
Wife
Married
F
23
Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
JENKINS, Gwenllian
Daughter
F
2
Brecknockshire, Llangynidr
186
English translation
Relation
Condition
Male/ Female
MARTTIN, Ann
Head
Widow
F
36
Mine Labour
Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
MARTTIN, Hannah
Daughter
Unmarried
F
15
Mine Labour
Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
MARTTIN, Charles
Son
M
8
Scholar
Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
MARTTIN, Elizabeth
Daughter
F
6
Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
MARTTIN, Ann
Daughter
F
4
Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
MARTTIN, William
Son
M
2
Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
Name
Age
Occupation
Where Born
No. 7 Plumbers Row
No. 8 Plumbers Row JENKINS, Evan
Head
Married
M
28
Iron Miner
Brecknockshire, Defynnog
JENKINS, Mary
Wife
Married
F
23
Monmouthshire, Bedwellty
JENKINS, Gwenllian
Daughter
F
2
Brecknockshire, Llangynidr
187
After studying the 1851 census sheets carefully: Make a list of people’s occupations (jobs). Use the internet to find out what they actually did at work in order to earn a living. Draw a pie chart to compare the different jobs that people had. Except for scholars (children in school), who was the youngest person with a job? Draw pie charts to compare the different jobs that people did for those aged up to 15, aged between 16 and 30, aged between 31 and 60 and aged over 60. What occupations (jobs) did women and girls have? Draw a pie chart to compare the different jobs that women and girls had. What are the differences with your findings for 1891?
188
Here is the first part of the 1861 census for Plumber’s Row.
189
Here is the second part of the 1861 census for Plumber’s Row. There is a typed copy of each of the 2 census sheets on the next page. Numbers 6 to 8 are missing from the original census.
190
Relation
Condition
Male/ Female
MORGAN, David
Head
Married
M
55
MORGAN, Mary
Wife
Married
F
48
MORGAN, Elisabeth
Daughter
Unmarried
F
23
Unloading Iron Mine
Bedwellty, Monmouthshire
MORGAN, Mary
Daughter
Unmarried
F
18
Unloading Iron Mine
Bedwellty, Monmouthshire
MORGAN, Ann
Daughter
Unmarried
F
18
Unloading Iron Mine
Bedwellty, Monmouthshire
MORGAN, Caroline
Daughter
Unmarried
F
6
Scholar
Bedwellty, Monmouthshire
LEWIS, Lewis
Head
Married
M
40
Coal Miner
Bedwellty, Monmouthshire
LEWIS, Sarah
Wife
Married
F
39
LEWIS, Daniel
Son
Unmarried
M
20
Iron Miner
Bedwellty, Monmouthshire
LEWIS, Margaret
Daughter
Unmarried
F
18
Gathering Iron Mine
Bedwellty, Monmouthshire
LEWIS, Catherine
Daughter
Unmarried
F
15
Gathering Iron Mine
Bedwellty, Monmouthshire
LEWIS, Mary
Daughter
Unmarried
F
12
Gathering Iron Mine
Bedwellty, Monmouthshire
LEWIS, Rebecca
Daughter
F
10
Gathering Iron Mine
Bedwellty, Monmouthshire
LEWIS, Elisabeth
Daughter
F
5
Scholar
Bedwellty, Monmouthshire
Name
Age
Occupation
Where Born
Iron Miner
Llywel, Breconshire
No. 1 Plumbers Row
Llanfairarybryn, Carmarthenshire
No. 2 Plumbers Row
Bedwellty, Monmouthshire
191
Relation
Condition
Male/ Female
Age
Occupation
Where Born
BEBB, John
Head
Married
M
27
Coal Miner
Bedwellty, Monmouthshire
BEBB, Rachel
Wife
Married
F
24
BEBB, John
Son
M
5
Scholar
Merthyr, Glamorganshire
BEBB, William
Son
M
3
Scholar
Merthyr, Glamorganshire
HOWELLS, Mary
Boarder
Unmarried
F
22
Coal filler
Merthyr, Glamorganshire
JONES, Elizabeth
Head
Widow
F
59
House Keeper
Montgomeryshire, Wales
JONES, Richard
Son
Unmarried
M
38
Coal Miner
Bedwellty, Monmouthshire
WILLIAM, Richard
Lodger
Widower
M
69
Coal Miner
Breconshire
Name
No. 3 Plumbers Row
Merthyr, Glamorganshire
No. 4 Plumbers Row
192
Relation
Condition
Male/ Female
Age
Occupation
Where Born
LEWIS, Thomas
Head
Married
M
44
Coal Miner
Breconshire
LEWIS, Rachel
Wife
Married
F
42
LEWIS, Margaret
Daughter
Unmarried
F
18
Iron Mine Filler
Bedwellty, Monmouthshire
LEWIS, John
Son
Unmarried
M
15
Coal Miner
Bedwellty, Monmouthshire
LEWIS, Ann
Daughter
F
13
Iron Mine Filler
Bedwellty, Monmouthshire
LEWIS, Elisabeth
Daughter
F
10
Scholar
Bedwellty, Monmouthshire
LEWIS, Mary
Daughter
F
8
Scholar
Bedwellty, Monmouthshire
LEWIS, Hannah
Daughter
F
6
Scholar
Bedwellty, Monmouthshire
RICHARDS, Frances
Boarder
F
25
Iron Mine Filler
Bedwellty, Monmouthshire
Name
No. 5 Plumbers Row
Unmarried
Bedwellty, Monmouthshire
193
After studying the 1861 census sheets carefully: Make a list of people’s occupations (jobs). Use the internet to find out what they actually did at work in order to earn a living. Draw a pie chart to compare the different jobs that people had. Except for scholars (children in school), who was the youngest person with a job? Draw pie charts to compare the different jobs that people did for those aged up to 15, aged between 16 and 30, aged between 31 and 60 and aged over 60. What occupations (jobs) did women and girls have? Draw a pie chart to compare the different jobs that women and girls had. What are the differences with your findings for 1891?