A lot has been written about the historical meaning of the Vistula for the Polish economy. In 2013 two special issues of the Acta Energetica Quarterly published by Energa SA in cooperation with The Gdańsk University of Technology have been dedicated to its impact on the key areas of the economy. In issue 2/15 volume 1. "General characteristics of the Vistula River" the current state of the Vistula and its economic utilisation including its natural values were presented. The current state of Poland's hydropower potential and its development prospects in comparison with other EU countries was presented in issue 3/16 volume 2 "Hydropower in Poland and in Europe". Now it is time for a comprehensive assessment of the economic and social effects that the entire Lower Vistula River Valley project can bring. Now it is time to present a comprehensive assessment of economic and social effects that can be caused by the completion of the entire Lower Vistula Cascade.