1
SITE INTRODUCTION
Play Area Play Area 112.0m
Thea tre Walk
Play Area ESS
Pond 90.1m
Crow n Walk
gh
Borou Walk
109.3m
El Sub Sta
112.0m
602
CENTRAL MILTON KEYNES
t Walk
Sunse
Car Park
Playground
89.1m
ROOKSLEY MIDSUMMER PLACE 87.6m
107.4m El Sub Sta
88.0m
Motor Racing Circuit 109.4m Play Area
Wes
El Sub Sta
t Walk
Fred Roche Gardens
ESS
Fishermead Sports Ground 83.1m
El Sub Sta
Sta El
Sub
Play Area
El Sub Sta
Play Area
87.6m
102.1m
Pond
ESS
on
Rillat Walk
El Sub Sta
Sports Facility
Play Area am
Holkh Walk
Bouverie Square
on
Rillat Walk
Drain
Drain
Car Park Play
103.5m
Area
Holkh am
FISHERMEAD
Walk
89.3m
Drain
Play Area Ramp
100.6m El Sub Sta
Play Area
349
SL
El Sub Sta
El Sub Sta
74.3m
90.1m Play Area
Play Area
Drain
Playground
SL
SLs SL SL
El Sub Sta
91.9m
Drain Drain
Car Park
91.6m
90.5m
Play Area
SL
85.1m
El Sub Sta
90.9m Play Area
Car Park
84.4m
86.5m Play Area
85.1m SL
SL
SL
MILTON KEYNES
Play Area SL
90.2m SL
Graveyard Skatepark
97.7m
Sta El
Ice Rink
Sub
Car Park
Play Area
73.2m Play Area
Pond 87.0m
91.5m
75.8m 80.7m
Drain
OLDBROOK 100.7m
100.1m
Playground
73.2m
73.3m
73.3m
95.0m
99.8m
MP 0.5
Water
South Loughton Valley Park
LOUGHTON
Car Park
Moat 97.8m 73.1m
Tennis Courts
Fish Pond 75.2m
Pond
94.3m
Weir
Pond
Car Park Pond
Trading
LEADENHALL
Estate
Lake
99.1m
76.0m
101.8m Drain
Play Area
LEADENHALL
El Sub Sta MP 0.25
SL
HILL
TER
102.0m
WIN
SL
Car Park
Lake
Horse
Ride
103.7m
Car Park
Teardrop Lakes
104.2m
96.4m
100.8m
83.7m
76.9m ESS
Car Park
Drain
Weir
El Sub Sta
Drain
Pond
Trading Estate
Play Area
El Sub Sta
Horse Ride
Drain
103.9m
Lake
Watlin
ROMA g Street N
Drain
ROAD
El Sub Sta ESS
Playground 83.1m
Drain
Pond
Drain
ESS
SITE PHOTOS
2
S I T E I N T R O D U C T I O N - B I G D ATA
E D U C AT I O N ENVIRONMENT
TRANSPORT
HOUSING
ECONOMY
H E A LT H & S O C I A L C A R E 3
S I T E I N T R O D U C T I O N - C L I M AT E
Current temperatures (°C)
2050 predicted scenario
2080 medium emissions scenario
2080 high emissions scenario
4
S I T E I N T R O D U C T I O N - C L I M AT E
Milton Keynes - Wind Rose (m/s)
2050 predicted scenario
2080 medium emissions scenario
2080 high emissions scenario
5
S I T E I N T R O D U C T I O N - C L I M AT E
Current precipitation (MM)
2050 predicted scenario
2080 medium emissions scenario
2080 high emissions scenario
6
S I T E I N T R O D U C T I O N - C L I M AT E
C U R R E N T R E L AT I V E H U M I D I T Y
2050 PREDICTED SCENARIO
2080 MEDIUM EMISSIONS SCENARIO
2080 HIGH EMISSIONS SCENARIO
7
S I T E I N T R O D U C T I O N - C L I M AT E
C U R R E N T S O L A R R A D I AT I O N
2050 PREDICTED SCENARIO
2080 MEDIUM EMISSIONS SCENARIO
2080 HIGH EMISSIONS SCENARIO
8
Lighting Towers
Cycle Hire Station
SITE INTRODUCTION - SWOT
Cycle Hire Station
Subway
Subway
Subway
Subway TCB
Subway
TCB Subway TCB Subway
Subway
TCB Subway Subway
Subway
Subway
FB
•
Access and movement
•
Pedestrian friendly
•
Underpasses – open,
•
FB
tion
le
Hire
Sta
Noise and air pollution
Tks
Cyc
generated from various
way
Sub
tion
le
Hire
Sta
Tks
Cyc
way
Sub
transport systems
Subway
FB
Subway FB
inviting •
including the H6 main
Good connections and transport links – train,
FB
Hire Station
Gas Governor
Cycle Hire Station FB
Gas Governor
bus, H6
Posts
Mast
•
highway.
Cycle
•
Posts
Lack of vitality in Milton Keynes making some
Mast
Urban grid used to
Sports Court
FB
way Sub
areas seem desolate,
Sports Court
distribute traffic
way
Sub
impersonal and
FSs
TCB
LB
FSs
misused.
Cycle Hire
TCB
Station
LB way
Sub
Cycle FSs
Hire Station
Subway Sub way
Streets
FSs
Subway
LB
TCB
Boulevard LB
TCB
FB TCB
Underpasses FB
TCB
TCB
LB TCB
TCB
TCB
FB
FB
way
Sub
way
Sub
Bus Stops
Cycle Hire Station
Cycle Hire Station
LB
Subway
Subway
Site Boundary FB
Footbridge
Cycle Hire Station
Footbridge
location •
LB
Tk
Exploit proximity to Existing vehicular
Cycle Hire Station
Lighting Towers
Hire Station
Noise Subway
TCB
Site Boundary
TCB
Subway
Cycle Hire Station
FB
LB
tion
le
Hire
Sta
•
Tks
Cyc
Management of traffic way
Sub
way
Sub
flow adjacent to site
way Sub
Tk
Subway
FB
shopping area •
wa
Sub
Cycle
Subway
Subway
Exploit Waterfront
SW OT
y
Wind
way
Mixed-use
•
Subway
Subway
way
Sub
Commercial
Sub
Fn
Fn
•
Risk of flooding
•
Potential development adjacent to site
Cycle Hire Station
Gas Governor
FB
access point with
Posts
2 further potential
Mast
vehicular access points •
Sports Court
FB
way
Sub
Site very accessible by car and public transport
FSs
TCB
LB
Cycle Hire Station
way
Sub
FSs
Subway
LB
TCB
FB TCB
TCB
TCB
LB
FB
way Sub
Cycle Hire Station
Underpass
Fn
Sub
Subway
way
Management of traffic flow
Connections with residential LB
Site Boundary
Site Boundary Cycle Hire Station
FB
Footbridge
LB
9
S I T E I N T R O D U C T I O N - E X I S T I N G M AT E R I A L I T Y
10
DESIGN PROCESS - PRECEDENT IMAGES
11
DESIGN PROCESS
PA S S A G E S A R E F O R M E D U S I N G T H E E X I S T I N G G R I D W O R K O F T H E S U R R O U N D I N G C O N T E X T
12
DESIGN PROCESS
BLOCKS ARE EXTRUDED ACCORDING TO SURROUNDING BUILDING HEIGHTS.
13
D E S I G N P R O C E S S - B L O C K E N V I M E T R E S U LT S
Date of simulation: 26 July 2018 (hottest day) Simulated for: Hot weather and strong Conditions
14
DESIGN PROCESS - DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
C E N T R A L C O U R T YA R D S A N D R E M O V E D F R O M T H E E X I S T I N G B L O C K A R R A N G E M E N T T O A C T I VAT E T H E P U B L I C PA S S A G E S
15
DESIGN PROCESS - DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
THE SOUTH-WEST CORNER IS LOWERED TO MAXIMIZE SOLAR GAIN. T H E T H R E E C O U R T YA R D S A R E R A I S E D T O A L L O W V E H I C L E A C C E S S A N D PA R K I N G A R R A N G E M E N T S B E LO W.
16
DESIGN PROCESS - DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
THE BLOCK ARRANGEMENT IS REFINED AND AN OPENING IS FORMED IN THE NORTH-EAST B LO C K T O E N C O U R A G E C R O S S V E N T I L AT I O N F R O M T H E S O U T H - W E S T P R E VA I L I N G W I N D.
17
D E S I G N P R O C E S S - O P T I M A L B U I L D I N G D I S TA N C E Optimum Distance Between Buildings
12m
12m
16m
16m A
A
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
10m
A
Section A-A
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
D
D
20m
48m
8m
25m 8m Section B-B
40m
20m
48m
24m
37m 7m
19m
Section C-C
13m
Key
17m
17m
17m
17m
13m
60m
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
24m
A
A
A
16m
10m Section D-D
18
D E S I G N P R O C E S S - S H A D O W A N A LY S I S
Jan 15, 09:30am
July 15, 09:30am
Jan 15, 12:00pm
Jan 15, 14:30pm
Jan 15, Combined
July 15, 14:30pm
July 15, Combined
19
DESIGN PROCESS - WORK IN PROGRESS ENVIMET (1.8M)
Date of simulation: 26 july 2018 (hottest day) Simulated for: hot weather and strong wind conditions
20
DESIGN PROCESS - WORK IN PROGRESS ENVIMET (5M)
Date of simulation: 26 july 2018 (hottest day) Simulated for: hot weather and strong wind conditions
21
DESIGN PROCESS - WORK IN PROGRESS ENVIMET (9M)
Date of simulation: 26 july 2018 (hottest day) Simulated for: hot weather and strong wind conditions
22
DESIGN PROCESS - POST ENVIMET CHANGES
OPENING HAS BEEN INCREASED TO 20M HIGH TO REDUCE WIND PRESSURE
C O U R T YA R D D I V I D E D INTO T WO TOENCOURAGE WIND FLOW THROUGH
ADDITIONAL O P E N I N G S H AV E BEEN FORMED A D D I T I O N A L WAT E R F E AT U R E
23
DESIGN PROCESS - DEVELOPED ENVIME T (1.8M)
Date of simulation: 26 july 2018 (hottest day) Simulated for: hot weather and strong wind conditions
24
DESIGN PROCESS - DEVELOPED ENVIME T (5M)
Date of simulation: 26 july 2018 (hottest day) Simulated for: hot weather and strong wind conditions
25
DESIGN PROCESS - DEVELOPED ENVIME T (9M)
Date of simulation: 26 july 2018 (hottest day) Simulated for: hot weather and strong wind conditions
26
DESIGN PROCESS - HOURS OF SOLAR EXPOSURE (1/5 - 30/09)
100%
0%
27
U H I M I T I G AT I O N - C O M PA C T F O R M / M I X E D L A N D U S E
BUILDING TYPOLOGIES & PLOT RATIOS
5% Townhouses
5%
10%
TOWNHOUSES
13% 6%
Studios
Total Floor Area (TFA) Land Area
151,503m
2
=
78,146m
2
Offices
= 1.94
Apartments
10%
80 m 17,800m 221 Dwellings
6 Floors 33 Dwellings Total = 2670m2
15%
Communal Services Commercial
13%
STUDIOS
4%
Parking Storage Plant Room & Equipment
32%
5 Floors 55 Dwellings Total = 4450m2
6%
7,634 m
OFFICES
15%
23,267 m
APARTMENTS
TOWNHOUSES
STUDIOS
OFFICES
COMMERCIAL
4 Floors 44 Dwellings Total = 3,560m2
APARTMENTS
32%
42,734m 496 Dwellings
2 Floors 89 Dwellings Total = 7120m2
COMMUNAL SERVICES
4%
4,808 m
COMMERCIAL
10%
15,096 m
PARKING
10%
15,150 m
STORAGE
5%
7,575 m
PLANT ROOM & EQUIPMENT
5% 7,575 m
28
U H I M I T I G AT I O N - E VA P O R AT I V E C O O L I N G WATER Specific heat capacity of water is 4.19 J/g.K
Methods:
So it takes 4.19KJ to heat up a litre of water by 1C.
1. Pond The pond will be adapted from the existing water reservoir It is located south of the site with full solar exposure and in a position for the wind to carry the cool air onto the site
https://www.slideshare.net/lyramatalubos/specific-heatcapacity
Theconversation.com
2. Water fountain
The dispersed water from fountains has a larger cooling effect than the still water Addiontally, the spray can wet nearby objects and reduce the surface temprature Fountains require very little water as it remains in circulation
www.walmart.com
freepik.com
They can decrease air temperatures by 3C and the effects can be felt up to 35m away
3. Water mist system Outdoor water mist systems connected to the rainwater harvesting system will allow to balance humidity, reduce external temperatures and improve comfort levels during very hot days. Will only be used on very hot days to minimise water use 29
U H I M I T I G AT I O N - L A N D S C A P I N G A N D WAT E R F E AT U R E S
30
1:1000 @ A3
U H I M I T I G AT I O N - O V E R V I E W O F S T R AT E G I E S
31
F I N A L D E S I G N - S K Y V I E W FA C T O R 1
2
1
1
SVF: 0.42
3
2
2
SVF: 0.66
3
(Middle et al., 2018)
3
SVF: 0.74 32
FINAL DESIGN - CROSS SECTION 01 BUILDING TYPOLOGIES & PLOT RATIOS
5% Townhouses
5%
10%
151,503m
2
=
Land Area
78,146m
2
01
= 1.94
Offices 10%
Apartments
80 m 17,800m 221 Dwellings
6 Floors 33 Dwellings Total = 2670m2
6%
Studios
Total Floor Area (TFA)
15%
Communal Services
STUDIOS
4%
Commercial
13%
TOWNHOUSES
13%
Parking Storage
5 Floors 55 Dwellings Total = 4450m2
32%
Plant Room & Equipment
01
6%
7,634 m
OFFICES
15%
23,267 m
APARTMENTS
TOWNHOUSES
STUDIOS
OFFICES
4 Floors 44 Dwellings Total = 3,560m2
COMMERCIAL
APARTMENTS
32%
42,734m 496 Dwellings
2 Floors 89 Dwellings Total = 7120m2
COMMUNAL SERVICES
4%
4,808 m
COMMERCIAL
10%
15,096 m
PARKING
10%
15,150 m
BUILDING TYPOLOGIES & PLOT RATIOS
5% Townhouses
STORAGE 5%
13%
10%
7,575 m
Studios
Total Floor Area (TFA) Land Area
151,503m
2
=
78,146m
2
5%
6%
Offices
= 1.94
Apartments
10%
Communal Services Commercial
15%
PLANT ROOM & EQUIPMENT
4%
5%
Parking Storage Plant Room & Equipment
6F 33 Tot
32%
7,575 m
5F 55 To
F I N A L D E S I G N - E N V I M E T R E S U LT S ( 1 . 8 M )
Date of simulation: 26 july 2018 (hottest day) Simulated for: hot weather and strong wind conditions
34
F I N A L D E S I G N - E N V I M E T R E S U LT S ( 5 M )
Date of simulation: 26 july 2018 (hottest day) Simulated for: hot weather and strong wind conditions
35
F I N A L D E S I G N - E N V I M E T R E S U LT S ( 9 M )
Date of simulation: 26 july 2018 (hottest day) Simulated for: hot weather and strong wind conditions
36
F I N A L D E S I G N - P R O P O S E D M AT E R I A L I T Y The Science: How Green Roofs Benefit the Environment and Public Health Stormwater Runoff
U H I S T R AT E G Y
Green roofs retain rainwater long enough for the collected moisture to evaporate from the soil and rooftop vegetation (see Figure 1). During wet weather events, this helps prevent runoff from overwhelming sewers (and causing sewage to overflow into local streams and lakes), reduce basement backups, and lower treatment costs and energy usage for treating rainwater that enters KCMO’s combined sewer systems.a Some green roofs are equipped to harvest rainwater as an alternative water supply for later use. Rainwater captured from green roofs is usually used for irrigation, flushing toilets, and for other non-potable purposes.
Albedo
G R E E N WA L L S Solar irradiance is reflected back
gsky Basic WallÂŽ
out of the atmosphere rather than
Climber and potted plants. require watering
absorbed and re-emitted as long wave heat Figure 1. Heat exchange and water runoff of a green roof versus a traditional roof
Stormwater retention is a function of size of storm events and length of preceding dry periods. Over a simulation year, the net water inflow may not balance outflow due to changes in soil moisture and saturation.
a
2
GREEN ROOFS
Transpiration and evaporation
Plant type
Solar irradation is transferred as
Sedum - succulent plants. requires no watering
sensible heat to latent heat which
U R B A N V E G E TAT I O N
Shading
lowers the air temperature
Provide barrier from solar irradiance
Tr e e t y p e
reaching thermal mass such as roofs,
Birch - Decidious trees
walls and pavements
37
F I N A L D E S I G N - P R O P O S E D M AT E R I A L I T Y U H I S T R AT E G Y Low U-value
WA L L S Minimise heat transfer from warm
U-value = 0.15W/m K 2
• Plasterboard and skim (12.5mm/0.19W/ mK) • Service gap (38mm) • OSB (15mm/0.13W/ mK) • CLT frame (140mm) • Rigid wood fibre sheathing (100mm/0.043) • Ventilated cavity (50mm) • Brick cladding (102.5mm/0.6W/mK)
WINDOWS
Solar g value
U-value W/m2K
TRIPLE GLAZING
0.55
0.5
external air to cool internal space
Avoids excessive absorbance of solar insolation Provides some thermal mass for regulation of air temperature
Low g-value and U-value
Can reduce the overheating effects of UHI by: 1. Low g-value - reflecting solar heat and reducing heat transfer 2. Low U-value - reduces amount of heat transfer through glazing
4mm, Pilkington Optiwhite, TM E 12mm, krypton
PAV E M E N T S
High albedo brick cladding
Circulation of water
High albedo Reflects more solar radiation back out
PERMEABLE A S P H A LT
Keeps surface cool by movement of
of the atomsphere
water
Tarmac, UK, CRH company 38
F I N A L D E S I G N - R E N E WA B L E S
P H O T O V O LTA I C S / S O L A R R O O F S
B AT T E RY S T O R A G E
M O N O C R Y S TA L L I N E P V PA N E L S W I L L B E I N S TA L L E D O N SOUTH-WEST SIDE OF ALL PITCHED ROOFS.
B AT T E R Y S T O R A G E I N A D D I T I O N T O P V PA N E L S
• • • • • • • • • •
South – West facing roof area of one townhouse – 252 m2 Number of townhouses – 13 Total available roof area – 3,270 m2 Area available for PV panels – 2,615 m2 Panel efficiency – 18% Total energy generated (MWh/year): 398.3 Total Carbon Emissions saved (tonne CO2 / year): 206.7 Roof generation efficiency – 12.6% Total energy generated (MWh/year): 498.0 Total Carbon Emissions saved (tonne CO2 / year): 258.5
Benefits: • • • • •
Help shaving peaks in energy demand Resilient energy supply – emergency back-up Maximising use of energy generated on site Reduction in electricity costs Source of additional income for the community (demand response programs)
39
F I N A L D E S I G N - R E N E WA B L E S
G R O U N D S O U R C E H E AT P U M P S
• • • •
- Low grade heat for underfloor heating - Easy to install on site before construction starts - Scalable for future development / densification - Virtually invisible, main loops are under ground, condensers can be located in parking / basement area • - Future proof – can provide cooling as well as heating
S U S TA I N A B L E E N E R G Y S U P P LY • No fossil fuels used on site • Electricity – generated on site and supplied from providers using renewable energy only.
List of companies supplying from 100% renewable sources: • Green Energy’s • Bulb • Fischer Energy •
• LoCO2 • Tonik Energy
Green energy for £64 per month in Milton Keynes
40
FINAL DESIGN - MODEL PHOTOS
41
FINAL DESIGN - MODEL PHOTOS
42
BIBLIOGRAPHY A s f o u r, O . ( 2 0 1 0 ) . P r e d i c t i o n o f w i n d e n v i r o n m e n t i n d i f f e r e n t g r o u p i n g patterns of housing blocks. Energy and Buildings, 42(11), pp.2061-2069. B o u r b i a , F. a n d B o u c h e r i b a , F. ( 2 0 1 0 ) . I m p a c t o f s t r e e t d e s i g n o n u r b a n m i c r o c l i m a t e f o r s e m i a r i d c l i m a t e ( C o n s t a n t i n e ) . R e n e w a b l e E n e r g y, 3 5 ( 2 ) , pp.343-347.
L o b a c c a r o , G . a n d F r o n t i n i , F. ( 2 0 1 4 ) . S o l a r E n e r g y i n U r b a n E n v i r o n m e n t : How Urban Densification Affects Existing Buildings. Energy Procedia, 48, pp.1559-1569. Middel, A., Lukasczyk, J., Maciejewski, R., Demuzere, M. and Roth, M. (2018). Sky View Factor footprints for urban climate modeling. Urban Climate, 25, pp.120-134.
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