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* ( 3 Artemisia monosperma Del.
Asteraceae
Cakile arabica Vel. &Bornm.
Brassicaceae
Calligonum comosum L'Her
Polygonaceae
Cutandia memphitica (Spreng.) Richt
Poaceae
Cyperus conglomeratus Rottb.
Cyperaceae
Plantgo allbiacns L.
Plantaginaceae
Scrophularia hypericifolia Wydl.
Scrophulariaceae
Silene villosa Forssk..
Caryophyllaceae
Stipagrostis drarii (Tackh.) de Winter
Poaceae
(' - ) ( 3 Arnebia lineaifolia Dc.
Boraginaceae
Convolvulus oxyphyllus Boiss.
Convolvulaceae
Scorzonera intricata Boiss.
Asteraceae
(6 7 8) 6 7 %$ /"$ % Z; * $ D A 4 . > T 7) 5 4 * ) % N )# ; ( !88 ) ( ( ( !A 4 ) ( A 4) 9 I 4 20d 50d I 4 42d d 8A / Z A 4 !8 . > A6 D A ; *71 PK($ -1 N )# @ ; " ) N )# 0( I 4 45d 10d A / /$ Y . > A6 %/ I ( ) N )# Mandaville (1990)A1 ) ("# Y* ) ! 8YXU %" ; " ( " 2) ) N 3 ,-# .) ( * ) * 4 % . > .@ 0/) E ) . > $ % E 0 0 @ /$ D/ 0(
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%: ( 3 E" L *"1 % & ,-# % ' 5 P ( ( / % & . I $ A 4( 2); Z; * ( 3 Asphodelus refractus Boiss.
Asphodelaceae
Artemisia monosperma Del.
Asteraceae
Cakile arabica Vel. &. Bornm.
Brassicaceae
Calligonum comosum L'Her
Polygonaceae
Centropodia forsskalii (Vahl) Cope
Poaceae
Centropodia fragilis (Guinet. & Sauvage) Cope
Poaceae
Convolvulus oxyphyllus Boiss.
Convolvulaceae
Cyperus conglomeratus Rottb.
Cyperaceae
Dipterygium glaucum Decne.
Capparidaceae
Echinops mandavillei Kit Tan
Asteraceae
Eremobium aegyptiacum(Spreng.) Boiss.
Brassicaceae
Heliotropium ciliata (Forssk.) Asch. Ex Christ
Boraginaceae
Hippocrepis bicontorta Lois.
Fabaceae
Limeum arabicum Friedr.
Molluginaceae
Moltkiopsis ciliata (Forssk.) Johnst.
Boraginaceae
Monsonia nivea (Decne.) Webb.
Geraniaceae
Neurada procumbens L.
Neuradaceae
Pancratium sickenbergeri Asch.&Schweinf ex Boiss.
Amaryllidaceae
Plantago albicans L.
Plantaginaceae
Polycarpaea repens (Forssk.) Asch.& Schweinf.
Caryophyllaceae
Scrophularia hypericifolia Wydl.
Scrophulariaceae
Silene villosa Forssk.
Caryophyllaceae
Stipagrostis drarii (Tackh.) de Winter
Poaceae
Stipagrostis plumosa (L.) Munro ex.T. Anders
Poaceae
(' - ) ( 3 Fagonia indica Bum. f.
Zygophyllaceae
Rhazya stricta Decne.
Apocynaceae
Convolvulus oxyphllus Boiss.
Convolvulaceae
Horwoodia dicksoniae Turrill
Brassicaceae
Tribulus pentandrus Forssk.
Zygophyllaceae
: * 2 %9 /"$ ) Z; 2Q 7) * ) ( A 4) % 5 ' & 7) D0 "7) %" A j " A 4" ( A 4) 9 I 4 2700d @ I 4 44d 30d A / *"1 A6 7) -# @ ! 8 *1 K I 6( I ( % 5 ' & *"7 ") ) 26d 50d @ ) 4 ) *1 Y8 . > ,K ; 5" ) E ) . > )2 ( @ *1 )( *1 ( !! . > A6 A"6 7 0 4; ) * 4 A 4 % E 0 O . > A6 .( % / L = % / Z- _ K6 ; 5 / # % 5 ' & 7) % "7) -"2 " ? " "0( .9 I 4 ! 50d @ ) ; %" ! " X88 " 0( % 5 7) A 4 ! X ) .("# Y * ) % 7) % -2 ? ( 3 ") ( " 3 A 43 ' - 0 % & ( ' & 7) *1 E $ P ( / A 2 ; $ ' 2) 1 < J " 0 % & ,-# ; %; 9> % 5 7) .( / ) -# ( 8 504 ; 8' & 7) *1 2) L6;
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* ( 3 Anthemis scrobicularis Yavin
Asteraceae
Artemisia monosperma Del.
Asteraceae
Cakile arabica Vel.& Bornm.
Brassicaceae
Calligonum comosum L'Her
Polygonaceae
Centropodia forskalii (Vahl) Cope
Poaceae
Cyperus Conglomeratus Rottb.
Cyperaceae
Dipterygium glaucum Decne.
Cappaidaceae
Heliotropium digynum(Forssk.)Asch. ex Christ.
Boraginaceae
Hippocrepis bicontorta Lois.
Fabaceae
Echinops mandavilei Kit Tan
Astraceae
Eremobium aegyptiacum (Spreng.) Boiss
Brassicaceae
Polycarpaea repens (Forssk.)& Schweinf.
Caryophyllaceae
Plantago albicans L.
Plantaginaceae
Scrophularia hypericifolia Wydl.
Scrophulariaceae
Silene villosa Forssk.
Caryophyllaceae
Stipagrostis drarii (Tack.) de Winter
Fabaceae
(' - ) ( 3 Haloxylon salicoricum ( Moq.) Boiss.
Chenopodiaceae
Leptadenia pyrotechnica (Forssk.) Decne.
Asclepiadaceae
Panicum turgidum Forssk.
Poaceae
Rhazya stricta Decne.
Apocynaceae
2 %; 4" " E ") 5 1 6 7) % Z; = ; % E 0 7) ; 24d 12d @ " " .( !X8 . > A6 A / * 4 E ) ) ( *"1 !! % l ( 1 G< ; D @ /$ D/0 .( 9 I 4 G"J *1 O . > % 3 @ *1 G< . > A6 .( )( 4 GJ ;
OUX " ? G( 0( ( A 4 ) 9 I 4 25d 50d @ ) * ) .("# Y * ) ! 2 ( 3 *"1 "2 7( l ( $< *# 7) *1 = J *# % & %" 2 6"7 " = % & *21 300d 50d % % & G 1 ( Z- D
2) A 43 = 0 % & / AK( ' <7$) 2< .' & 7) *1 2( & % L6; A . *# /( < J * ( 3 Anthemis scrobicularis Yavin
Asteraceae
Artemisia monosperma Del.
Asteraceae
Calligonum comosum L'Her
Polygonaceae
Centropodia fragilis ( Guinet.& Sauvag.) Cope
Poaceae
Cistanch Phelypaea (L.) Count.
Orobanchaceae
Cyperus conglomeratus Rottb.
Cyperaceae
Dipcadi erythraeum Webb & Berth.
Hyacinthaceae
Eremobium aegyptiacum (Sperng.) Boiss.
Brassicaeeae
Echinops mandavillei Kit Tan
Astraceae
Plantago albicans L.
Plantaginaceae
Silene villosa Forssk.
Caryophyllaceae
Stipagrostis drarii (Tackh.) de Winter
Poaceae
Moltkiopsis ciliata (Forssk.) Johnst.
Boraginaceae
Scrophularia hypericifolia Wydl.
Scrophulariaceae
(' - ) ( 3 Arnebia linerifolia DC.
Boraginaceae
Ephedra alata Decne.
Ephedraceae
Panicum turgidum Forssk.
Poaceae
(=2 > 2 %< ) G ( & 9 I 4 25d 06d @ ) 7) * 4 =-7 ) 7) D0 ") 8 * ( # 0 @ 5 / D/0 .( * 4 E ) : " .( Y 1 E ) , ( N G) ( I 4 46d 88 @ * 4 A 4 ) G ( % 5 # - A $m N G) ( - ") 1 G" @ .6 ; ; 8 % G 1 / ) 5 <1 G< ; l ) , ( ") %" E 0 " D @ /$ D G / 0( ) 9 I 4 25d 88 * " ) ( A "4) $ : .( X8 ) G< n ("# Y ( 3 " ) *"1 5 / % & . > 1 <? 0 % & ( . ( ( K# % & 0 % & +/ ; . 4 . ( P 76 J #
* ( 3 Allium atroviolaceum Boiss.
Alliaceae
Artemisia monosperma Del.
Astraceae
Dipterygium glacum Decne.
Capparidaceae
Calligonum comosum L'Her
Polygonaceae
Cistanche phelypaea (L.) Cout.
Orobanchaceae
Eremobium aegyptiacum (Sperng.) Boiss.
Brassicaceae
Neurada procumbens L.
Neuradaceae
Plantago albicans L.
Plantagonaceae
Silene villosa Forssk.
Caryophyllaceae
Stipagrostis plumosa (L.) Munro ex T. Anders
Poaceae
(' - ) ( 3 Aegilops triuncialis L.
Poaceae
Anisoscidium lanatum Boiss.
Apiaceae
Cenchrus ciliaris L.
Poaceae
Convolvulus oxyphyllus Boiss.
Convolvulaceae
Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad
Cucurbitaceae
Haloxylon salicornicum (Moq.) Boiss.
Chenopodiaceae
Horwoodia dicksoniae Turrill
Brassicaceae
Erodium gaucophyllum (L.) Lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Her.
Geraniaceae
Fagonia bruguieri DC.
Zygophyllaceae
Launaea capitata (Spreng.) Dandy
Astraceae
Panicum coloratum L.
Poaceae
Panicum turgidum Forssk.
Poaceae
Plantago ovata Forssk.
Plantaginaceae
@ 2 %? A % 7) -# P O8 ) =-7 ) 7) E ) * 7) D0 30d " .( 9 I 4 23d 12d @ ) ; . 4 ) % 5 / ! O * " 7) ( ( A 4 ) 4 ) % 5 / A G - 9 I 4 21d G"J ; *"1 G"< A " ; 4 GJ ; *1 ! O G 1 G< ; "# . I 0( ! O ) 7) 0( . ! X % l ( 1 ) ("# Y * ) -( E $ G) & % 9 A6( 7)
* 7) :
A 4
%: @ 2 ( 3 ( * L E ) ) * 4 A 4 % G (( *( / 5 ( . J P ( * ) / 3 * 4 N *1 0 % & * ( 3 Cyperus conglomeratus Rottb.
Cyperaceae
Dipterygium glancum Decne.
Capparidaceae
Haloxylon persicum Bunge
Chenopodiaceae
Haloxylon salicornicum (Moq.) Boiss.
Chenopadicaceae
Limeum arabicum Friedr.
Molluginaceae
Stipagrostis drarii (Tackh.)de Winter.
Poaceae
Stipagrostis plumosa (L.)Munro ex T. Anders
Poaceae
Tribulus macropterus Boiss. var. arabicus Al-Hemaid & Jacob
Zygophyllaceae
( C ) - B %A G( " "0( " *1 6( ; ( * $ D 44d 30dA "/ */$ % !88 * ( A / ! O88,888 ) ? 88 15d 88 @ " *( % O 8 ) ( @ I 4 57d 88 A 4( G) L ) N 3 /01 ,-# $ .9 I 4 23d 88
88 A / */$ 9 I 4 21d 88 18d 10d @ % @ ') 5 .("# Y* ) (!A 4) I 4 48d 88 45d - B ' D ' 8 ( 3 " ' "J "( ( *( / % & ( @ *) 0/) *1 ; 5J 04 P ( / ) @ ; 5 % * 2< / ( ' ( .E $ -# ( ; . > 1 <? E $ * ( 3 Cakile arabica Vel. & Bornm.
Brassicaceae
Calligonum crinitum Boiss. ssp. Arabicum (Sosk.) Sosk.
Polygonaceae
Centropodia Forsskali (Vahl) Cope
Poaceae
Centropodia fragilis (Guinet & Sauvage) Cope
Poacaeae
Cistanche Phelypaea (L.) Cout.
Orobanchaceae
Cornulaca Arabica Botsch
Chenopodiaceae
Cyperus conglomeratus Rottb.
Cyperaceae
Dipterygium glacum Decne.
Capparidaceae
Haloxylon persicum Bunge
Chenopodiaceae
Heliotropium digynum (Forssk.) Aschs. ex Christ
Boroginaceae
Eremobium aegypiacum (Sperng.)Boiss.
Brassiacaeeae
Limeum arabicum Friedr.
Molluginaceae
Moltkiopsis ciliata (Forssk.) Johnst.
Boraginaceae
Monsonia nivea (Decne.) Decne. ex Webb.
Geraniaceae
Neurada procumbens L.
Neuradaceae
Stipagrostis dafrii (Tackh.) de Winter
Poaceae
Stipagrostis plumosa (L.) Munro ex T. Anders.
Poaceae
Tribulu macropterus Boiss. var. arabicus Al-Hemaid Zygophllaceae & Jacob Zygopyhllum mandavillei Hadidi
Zygophullaceae
( E : " ' - ) ( 3 Acacia ehrenbergiana Hayne
Fabaceae
Acacia tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne
Fabaceae
Centaurea pseudosinaica Czerep
Astraceae
Cleome amblyocarpa Barratte & Murb.
Capparaceae
Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl.
Burseraceae
Convolvulus glomeratus Choisy
Convolvulaceae
Fagonia indica Burm. f.
Cynomoriaceae
Haloxylon salicrnicum (Moq.)Boiss.
Zygophyllaceae
Heliotropium ramosissimum (Lehm.) Sieb ex DC.
Cheonopodiaceae
Heliotropium rariflorum Stocks
Boraginaceae
Launaea nudicaulis (L.) Hooker, f.
Boraginaceae
Lasiurus scindicus Henr.
Astraceae
Panicum turgidum Forssk.
Poaceae
Pennisetum divisum (Gmel.) Henr.
Poaceae
Plantago albicans L.
Plantagonaceae
Polycarpaea repens (Forssk.) Asch. et Schweinf.
Caryophyllaceae
Pergularia tomentosa L.
Asclepiadaceae
Rhazya stricta Decne.
Apocynaceae
Stipagrostis foexiana (Maire &Wilczek) de Winter
Poaceae
(F G 2 %0 @ 5 / G /0 * 4 E ) ) * L A 4 % 7) -# ( D/ "0( ) = 6 $ E F E ) 8 I 0( ; = ) D . 7) * 4 GJ . 5 / 7) -2 D /$
% " 2"< A " l "( YY ) 2 / n = 7) " 2 " ? " "0( % " 3 @ *1 D ( 5 < 8 * " ) ( A "4) " ? ,-# & 7) A 4 ! 8O! ) ("# Y " ) ./ N 3 ; 4 GJ ; *1 ( / % & / ) ( K2 % & 2 1 (1 Cakile arabica Vel. & Bornm.
Brassicaeeae
Centropodia Forskalii ( Vahl) Cope
Poaceae
Cyperus conglomeratus Rottb.
Cyperaceae
Heliotropium digynum (Forssk.) Asch. ex Christ.
Boraginaceae
Stipagrostis drarii (Tackh.) de Winter
Poaceae
Stipagrostis plumosa (L.) Munro ex T Anders
Poaceae
( ' - ) ( 3 Arnebia desertorum (Ried) R. Mill
Boraginaceae
Haloxylon salicornicum (Moq.) Boiss.
Chenopodiaceae
Laptadenia pyrotechnica (Forssk.) Decne.
Asclepiadaceae
Paronychia arabica (L.) DC.
Caryophyllaceae
B : *%/ 22d 53d 21d 16d @ " *"( % " ) ) * 4 D 5 D0( I" ) 9 I "4 ( ( / ) 0/") *1 D0( % & ,-# . (O A 4) 9 I 4 % & ,-# 8 % @ / ( YO . > A6 A / "# ( *"( " 3 % 0/) ,-# *1 *2() I 0(
! . > A6(
" ) D " Z 3 ,-# % % & ,-# A 4( *1 2 ( *( E . 4 ." > * 4 A 4 % ( Z- % ) 5 D 5 E ) . > ! " O ) 0( G/ ( @ X A / * L E ) : "7( 9 " F ' ( A 4( = &) 7) D 5 E F D0 " " @ X A / * L E ) ) * 4 A 4 % ( ( .! ! ) 0( * ( 3 Dipterygium glaucum Decne.
Capparidaceae
Centropodia forsskalii (Vahl) Cope
Poaceae
Cyperus conglomeratus Rottb.
Cyperaceae
Haloxylon persicum Bunge
Chenopodiaceae
Limeum arabicum Friedr.
Molluginaceae
Stipagrostis drarii (Tackh.) de Winter
Poaceae
Stipagrostis plumosa ( L.) Munro ex T. Anders.
Poaceae
( 3 Haloxylon salicornicum ( Moq.) Boiss.
Chenopodiaceae
( ) : * ) : 2 %.H ) % 2 ( , 1 / I 0( AK# A 4 . E ) . > A 4 % 7) -# ( " n" ( (YA 4) 9 I 4 25d 40d .( 24d 20d @ % ( 5 4 ("# Y * ) ! ! 88 * 5 7) %:( ) : * ) : 2 ( 3 .* 4 E ) . > * L A 4 % ( ( / % & ( * ( 3 Cakile arabica Vel.& Bornm.
Brassicaceae
Centropodia forsskalii (Vahl) Cope Haloxylon persicum Bunge
Poaceae Chenopodiaceae
Stipagrostis drarii (Tackh.) de Winter
Poaceae
""4 ") Artemisia monosperma - " ' " ) %" A %; ( ) A *1 Q K)
%" ./ 4 N 3 *1 % ( Calligonum comosum ./ 3 ' ) " "7) % 5 ' & N )# * ) 2Q 7)) 0/) " ; @ ) E F * ) O8 =-7 ) 7) # 2 T $m ( =-7 ) 7) " ) N " 3 { * $ D } @ *) * 7)) ) N 3 *1 % -2 &; K1 ( 5 D 5 ) L ( = 7) ) L D" "0/) *1 Calligonum comosum ./ 3 ' ) %; . > 1 <? % ( ) Calligonum crinitum A" ' " ) # W) W7) % $m : ) G A * $
N " 3 *"1 " 9 Z- = 5 4 * ) *1 )/ ( ' ( ) ; .( A ) 0/) % 4 ; ./ A" 5 4 ' ) % A %; (!) A *1 # 4) % ( ) % -# . > 1 <? , (9 W7) 2 Scrophularia hypercifolia 0 ' ) Echinops mandavillei " ) " ) N " 3 *1 % L 4 N 3 *1 % ( D ( *1 . L I " $ ) A %; A ( % % % 6 % 1 - 7( ; ' 4" "43 ; *1 I ( )# %; ( UUO) +< ; - *1 " *1 *) ( - / ( 9 E ) . > A 4 % % & ' ( )
*1 5/ ) E ) . > A 4 % = *1 : 7( 9 / 3 % % -# %; ( *1 # ; *( $ ) A E . I ) ' ( ) ,-# 4() % *1 2 ( T $3 A % # F % $ ) ' "( ) & - A 0() 4() 6 A T $; E ; )# % ( *1 # F J A6 7 %; A6( F * %; . > - T . I ) # 4() % "0/) *"1 )/ ( : )3 % ' 4 43 1 ( ) A ) ; : 2 #; % T $3 5/ ) *1 = 4() F *# = 5 4 * ) Tribulus macropterus var. arabicus
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Calligonum crinitum Zygophyllum mandavillei
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Cornulaca arabica
% & % 2 4 N 3 *1 ( . > A ( *21 ' ($ 1 D 57( -# 0/) % E ) . > ; A$ . > : (( 9 *"1 J"< ; = G 4 + 6( .( I ) 0(( ' %;( UUO) *1 : 7( 9 % $ ) A () 5/ ) % 2 * $ D 0/) . I ) )2 ( / 3 = '
D" *1 *# ./ 0/) *1 % & ' ( ) 3 ,-# %3 1 < = 6 -$3 / = D (( . > \ ( ( *( ) N /L 6 " ) %" ' "( ) % ( = 6 / 3 /0 ( 9 / 3 4 0/) ,-# " ( ) ' ") D (( & ; ; ' ) 4 A 9> )( 9 2 ); @ *1 E4 *1 % < *1 % & 1 <? (RIY) , 3 *)/ 4 (KUSH) % "< ' ( ) )# %; Q K1 . (RBG) (BM) (KEW) ) / E4 . > = " " " ; "< J AK$ 2) ' % & ' ( ) '" ' ( ) = )# %; /01 = ) 2) D ' ( ) @ %; . > 1 <? 4 A 9> 2Q( 9 ' ( ) ,-# %; Z; ) 8 % A6( ) = ' = : A& ' ) Arabidopsis erysimoides , Eigia longistyla, and
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[U ]
Al-Hamaid ,F.M.(1996). Vegetation and Distribution of the sand seas in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Geobios 23: 3-15.
[11]
Blatter, E (1919-1936). Flora Arabica. Records of Botanical Survey of India, 3(1): 519pp. Calcutta.
[12]
Collenette, S.(1999).Wild Flower of Saudi Arabia. National Commission for Wildlife Conservation and development (NCWCD), Riyadh, 799pp.
[13]
Mandavillei, J.P. (1986). Plant life in the Rub' al-Khali (The Empty Quarter) South Asia. Proc. Royal Soc. Edinburgh, Scection B. 89: 147-157 (ed. 1.C. Hedge).
[14]
Mandavillei, J.P. (1990). Flora of Eastern Saudi Arabia. Kegan paul International London and New York Jointly with the National Commission for Wildlife Conservation and development .Riyadh. 482pp.
[15]
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[16]
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[17]
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[19]
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[20]
Vesey-Fitzgerald, D.F. ( 1957 ). The vegetation of central and eastern of Arabia. Jour. Ecology. 45: 779-748.
the
Empty
quarter.
Res. Bult., No. (113), Res. Cent. Coll. of Agri., King Saud Univ., pp. (5-45) 2002
Sand dunes Vegetation of The Central Region in Saudi Arabia Fahad M. A. Al-Hemaid Abstract A survey of the vegetation of ten sand dune areas in the Central region of Saudi Arabia has been made and the species were identified. The present study dealt with the taxa which are distributed widely in the study areas and also with the species which are considered to be rare and of poor occurrence. This study also showed that some species are more abundant in the north and central parts of the area. The sand dunes of south west areas are part of Rub Al-Khali can be characterized for the occurrence of very diffused endemic species like, Calligonum crinitum Boiss., Cornulaca arabica Botsch., Tribulus macropeterus Boiss. and Zygophyllum mandavillei Hadidi. According to Bedouin tribe, 30 species of the sand dunes are grazed or browsed by live-stock and thus can be classified as range plants. The present study recommends three shrubs which have profound root growth to grow in bare sand dunes for sand stabilization. These shrubs are: Calligonum comosum L'Her, C. crinitum Boiss. and Haloxylon persicum Bunge.
________________________________________________________ Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.