UNIT SUMMARY

Verb Review

EXAMPLES Simple Present Irving loves to fly. He often helps kids. Irving comes from Jamaica. We use the simple present with facts, general truths, habits, customs, regular activities, repeated actions, and a place of origin.

Present Continuous Salopek is walking around the world. We are reviewing verbs.

Future

Salopek is going to end his journey in South America. He will arrive in Tierra del Fuego. Simple Past Chimene’s family left Africa in 2004. She learned English quickly.

Be Salopek and Irving are adventurous. There are many ways to teach kids about science. Chimene was born in Africa.

Modals

Infinitives Chimene can speak English fluently. She might be a lawyer in a few years. She wants to become a lawyer. It’s necessary to choose a major. She’s pleased to be in the U.S. She’s studying hard to get into a good law school.

EXPLANATION

We use the present continuous with actions that are happening right now, or with longer actions that are in progress but may not be happening at this exact moment. We use the future with simple facts or predictions about the future.

We use the simple past with actions that began and ended in the past. We use be with descriptions, location, age, weather, time, there, and born.

We use modals to add meaning to the main verb.

We use infinitives after certain verbs, certain expressions beginning with it, and certain adjectives. We use infinitives to show purpose.

Auxiliary Verbs

EXAMPLES

Irving likes adventure. Salopek does, too. I wasn’t born here. You weren’t, either. Chimene can’t remember her native language, but her older sister can. Chimene is in college, but Joseph isn’t. Irving helps kids, doesn’t he? Salopek won’t stop in France, will he?

EXPLANATION

We use auxiliary verbs with too and either to avoid repetition of the same verb phrase. We use auxiliary verbs to avoid repetition in opposite statements.

We use auxiliary verbs to make tag questions.