Final Architectural Design Report ARC 60108 A City Lobby at Jalan Trus, Johor Bahru
Ow Xun Cong 0321997
Tutor: Ar.Ari Methi
Table of Contents
01 Project Background abstract introduction project aim & objectives
02 Site Investigation & Contextual Studies site introduction historical background macro site analysis micro site analysis
03 Design Intentions & Strategies precedent studies design intention programme & project brief site response spatial programming
04 Environmental & Technological Strategies climactic studies environmental strategies sustainability concept material & resources structural concept
05 Final Design site plan oor plans elevations sections visualisations
01 Project Background
abstract This is a thematic studio based on the theme ‘ sustaining humanities’ architecture for people, place and time. Designing for sustainability has been a fundamental issue for architects in our time within a global and regional contexts. In line with the current discourse on sustainability, it upholds the belief that architecture can create better places, that architecture can affect society and humanity, and it can have a role in making a place civilized by making a community more liveable. Hence, this project requires a developed scheme for a CIty Lobby in the Heritage Town of Johor Bahru with the incorporation of environmental and technological strategies, tectonic exploration and poetic design. In consummation, this final design report captures the design approaches of the proposed City Lobby from the preliminary stages until the final completion towards addressing and complimenting various elements at site.
01 Project Background
introduction Johor Bahru is recognized as one of Malaysia’s premier city due to modernized infrastructure and its location within the Indonesia-Malaysia-Singapore growth triangle attracts visitors year-long. However the city is progressing towards people to product interactions more than meaningful people to people interactions, even at the warm heritage town of Johor Bahru. Thus, this project calls for a design of a City Lobby for the city of Johor Bahru, which will engage and re-engage the city’s local population and visiting tourists from other towns and countries. The project brief given requires the proposed building to be no larger than 2400m2 with a minimum of 3 levels and maximum 5 levels. A basement carpark of at least 30 car park lots with 2 handicap car parking and 2 service parking is to be provided. Hence, my proposal for a Marketplace of Ideas City Lobby which celebrates and promotes the traditional artisanal and cultural craftworks of Heritage Town aims to unite and revive the cultural aspects of Johor Bahru to provide meaningful interactions between city to people.
01 Project Background
project aims & objectives As per project brief, a City Lobby are city spaces and building(s), which are used as a gathering point for people in the city and offers a wide range of disparate activities, which can be non-to-profit type. The centre offers the needs of the public, similar to the concept of the local Urban Transformation Centre (UTC) but with a stronger sense to promote better socio-cultural exchange and opportunities. Promoting the common interests of the public. It may also be defined as a free space or ‘neutral space’ of the city where specific dialogues and activities are encouraged and expected to happen. A healthy interaction between local city dwellers, tourists, visitors and transient users. -
The idea is based on a ‘Market’ concept where it is a place for meeting and concentration of people. A gathering point where if offers the need of the people in the city but offering opportunities for cultural exchange.
-
To create a platform for collaboration between different age classes, interests and social background to create a healthy environment for appreciation of difference and similarities.
-
A place, which will showcase cultural events, public activities, recreational activities and public programmes which is not present in the popular weekend destinations for locals and tourists such as theme parks and urban lifestyle centres.
-
A place where people can stamp their own identity leading to ‘personalization’ of the space and the place. (Qualities of Responsive Environment, Bentley, Alcock, et.al.)
02 Site Investigation & Contextual Studies site introduction The site is an island located at Jalan Trus at the Heritage Town of Johor Bahru, a historically rich district amidst seas of modern developments. The site currently thrives on tourism by visitors from other states and Singapore, attracted distinct artsy presence, unique food culture and a nostalgic sense of place. However, the most unique quality of all, is the paradigm shift between the day and night, the site is kept continually busy by the inception of Bazaar Karat. The site is currently mainly accessed to by vehicle, however the trend to be developed into a cultural tourist hub is beginning to see improvements towards pedestrianization.
The site at an island facing busy fronts at dierent times of day.
SITE
it
of
M
al
ac ca
Infrastructural developments at Jalan Dhoby.
St ra
Site Requirements.
historical studies
|1920 - 1940 diversity
|1900 - 1920 expansion
|1855 - 1887 founding
SUNGAI SEGGET SUNGAI SEGGET
INDIAN TEMPLE JALAN TRUS
SUNGAI SEGGET
Johor Bahru was founded along Jalan Trus and Sungai Segget. The first settlement along the floating market for trading and socializing.
OLD SEGGET MARKET
Old Segget Market was built and became a trading location for farmers and fishermen. Majority Malay ethnics from the suburbs were attracted to come and trade.
During British colonisation, the establishment of plantation led to the need of labours in result of an influx of Indian immigrants. The Indians built their temporary shelters and temples along Jalan Trus.
|2000s - today modernization
|1940 - 1980 classification
SHOPHOUSES AREA DOMINATED BY NON-MALAY
Mass development of commercial, business and infrastructures. However the state government is trying to preserve the historically valuable traditional old shophouses. Tourists start to come in and explore the town that is blessed with multicultural and rich heritage value.
Agreement over the policy was then reached in the town with dominance of economy by the non-Malays and the Malays' dominance in political. Thus, the emergence of Shophouses mainly inhabited by non-Malay.
New Developments Old Shophouses
macro site studies
district
The heritage town district is surrounded by 4 different districts of significant business/official nature, which are highly modernized and organized to efficiently carry out official operations, leaving little room for personalization. However, the heritage town, forms an uniquely Malaysian cultural island, that features vibrant arrays of art and expression that communicate personal stories and celebrates the growing culture of Johor. They express individual artistic diversity in Johor as a form of cultural expression and marking their mark at home. In the nocturnal Bazaar Karat, Johoreans also tend to enjoy the atmosphere of being together as a way of celebrating life. They are the living showcase of embracing diversity which are strands that binds to form a close knit Johorian community.
Administrative District
Residential District lan Ja R ul
bd
nA Tu ak az
lan Ja
Religious District
um
ldr
Me
lan
Ja
Mix Use Commercial District
An ‘isolated’ cultural district
gA
n Wo k
oo
hF
Residential District
Jala rus nT
Ja
la
Heritage Town
n
Financial District
Se g
ge
t
Mix Use Commercial District
an
Jal
y
ob
Dh
ee
kN
n Jala
Tan
Hio
n Ib
im rah
Jala
However, the site also presents itself as a district isolated by traffic, due to the sheer inconvenience for vehicles to course into or through, requiring massive travel distances between blocks. A great distaste for local Johorian visitors.
landuse
demographics
social class groups at site
TOP 20% tourists, food hunters
MIDDLE 40% Johorian locals, white collars
BOTTOM 40% homeless, touts, blue collars
WEEKDAYS
Top 20% Food hunt or leisure
The landuse in the Heritage Town consists of mainly commercial use with a few government and ďŹ nancial institutions. However, these businesses currently run on tourism and niche preferences basis. The traditional businesses that fail to transform are experiencing diďŹƒculties.
Mid 40% Errand run, day-to-day tasks
Bottom 40% Local employment, Self-employed
The Heritage Town witnesses a dynamic visiting trend swap between visiting tourists and local bazaar operators during the day & night. While also a general lack of visiting by the working class Johorians beyond the usual errand run, local activities are deemed to tourist-based. This presents a threat as the pillars of economy of Johor Bahru are disengaged with the collective identity of the local people, in time the city will be nothing more than a transit for them to greater destinations such as Singapore.
micro site studies
landmarks
cultural nodes
Rajamariamman Hindu Temple
Restauarant Ya Wang Hua Mui Kopitiam Masjid India
Kedai Kopi Kin Wah
Shezra Corner
Salahuddin Bakery
Hiap Joo Bakery
Masjid India Johor Bahru
Weekdays
Red House
Johor Bahru Chinese Heritage Museum
Hiap Joo Bakery
A Scattering of Nodes for the Visiting Pedestrian Rich and diverse range of cultural landmark and nodes surround the site. However, aside from the nodes in Jalan Tan Hiok Nee, the landmarks present as cultural ‘deserts’ as they are scattered far beyond comfortable walking distance in the Heritage Town, this marks a disconnection among each other. This allows the proposed City Lobby to transform into a focal connecting node to the surrounding site.
Bazaar Karat is one prominent happening during nighttime, attracting mainly locals from around Johor Bahru, connecting all the nodes, however its presence forced business to close early.
Existing Movement Pattern & Permeability to Site
DAY
NIGHT
High Traffic
Night Market
Pedestrian path
Zebra crossing
Moderate Traffic
Night Market Parking
Jay crossing
Preferred paths of entry
Low Traffic
Day Vehicular Traffic Intensity
Night Vehicular Traffic Intensity
Potential Points of Entry
During the day, the businesses along Jalan Tan Hiok Nee heritage street and Jalan Trus are the primary attractions. Locals visitors & tourists mainly transit to site by car-hailing, or own transport. Parkings are scarce, causing lack of want to visit.
After 6pm, the businesses along Jln Tan Hiok Nee and Jln Segget close up to give way to the night market. This gives rise to congestion along Jln Trus and site A is closely bordered by busy streets of noisy hawkers. At night, people come to Old Town JB for shopping, food and to relax in the open-air hookah spots.
The site itself has a high permeability to site from the five foot walkways of the shophouses and also from several backlanes connected to the heritage street and the Segget river. Several pedestrian walkways are present around the site which offer a safer and more comfortable experience. Following this analysis, the potential points of entry into the site are defined:1. 2. 3.
Jalan Tan Hiok Nee (Heritage Street) Pedestrianised Backlanes from Heritage Street & Segget River Jalan Segget
11
charcoal oven-baked goods
Wall art installation
Social Intangibles of Site
Inherited tradition
24 festive drums
banana cake
coconut bun
wide audience during day wide audience at night
trickles of audience not receiving justice Wood carving Food
Arts & Craft
Market
Johor Bahru heritage town receives food patronage continually during day time, both locals and tourists destinations as the site is a successful conglomeration for local food accessible to foot traffic compared to the surrounding districts.
The prominence of arts & craft in heritage town shout Johorean identity. However, these various cultural tangibles and intangibles lack a common platform to collectively promote themselves. Forming ‘deserts’ as each of them strive hard for market noticeability but finds difficult to attain a wider audience.
The Bazaar Karat night market is famous for cheap second hand goods. Despite the fact that the night market has increase in commercial and tourism value on site, the locals would not participate or visit the market itself as there is a lack of authenticity of the local products sold in the market.
However, the eateries closes as soon as the market sets up by evening, causing a lack of engagement with the local visitors to the bazaar during nighttime. The city lobby will act as main stage to introduce to night visitors the food of the site, and the cuisine of Johor Bahru different than those at site during daytime.
The city lobby will step in as a face/main page to promote these quintessential cultures of Johor Bahru by allowing space for them to operate in a prime node easier to access for visitors.
Hence, the city lobby could invite the stall vendors to its space and encourage more local products to be introduced and sell in the market, in order to create more opportunities for different communities to correlate, as the market can also be used as a platform to appreciate the differences of multiracial cultural background.
12
S.W.O.T Analysis
Strength ● ● ●
●
Good pedestrian facilities, increased engagement and comfort Social and cultural melting pot Strategic location within Johor Bahru city centre attracts massive tourist inflow. Daily bazaar market
Weakness ● ● ●
●
Opportunity ●
●
Increasing quality of open spaces and act as supporting space to enhance local business. Providing platform to meet, collaborate and express.
Public open spaces homeground for the homeless Gradual loss of identity to modernization Unique paradigm shift of activities and user groups forcing out un-coping businesses. Increasing vacant shops.
Threat ● ● ●
Increasing homeless people may threatened image and safety of district Illegal parkings crippling traffic circulation. Disparate spread of demographics within small area.
13
03 Design Strategy & Exploration precedent studies Wisma Geylang Serai
Spillage of Bazaar Integrated into the Building Incorporating Existing Site Activities
Wisma Geylang Serai (WGS) is envisioned to be the community civic and cultural centre in the heart of Geylang Serai precinct. It is a multi-agency development that celebrates the heritage of Geylang Serai communities, and encourages social interactions and community bonding among different communities of all ages and races.
UrbanSerai (WGS) is envisioned to WismaDense Geylang Developments be the community civic and cultural centre in Urban Dense the heart of Geylang Serai precinct. It is aDevelopments multi-agency development that celebrates Dense Urbanof Geylang Serai communities, the heritage Development and encourages social interactions and s community bonding among different communities of all ages and races.
The centralized typology with a cut out void in the middle helps providing richer visual experience and participation of ground floor vibrancy.
Reconnecting the Community Highly exposed in every directions, the sense of direction inside the building eases circulation while conceiving a safe environment for people to pause around.
Engaging with Local Community The massing is lifted up to accommodate a free flow of circulation that acts as public realm to the community
Rental Space PRIVATE
SEMIPRIVATE
SITE
PUBLIC Informal
The site is located within the busy town of Geylang. It is a mix of residential and commercial district. Every part of the district rely on each other to sustain and with the existence of Geylang Serai Kampung.
Passive Participation
Semi Formal Formal
A segregation of administrative spaces on top from the vibrant activities to enable occupants to conduct formal matters.
Facilities Area Spaces where services are provided. Located in-between the private and public sectors, it eases control over public facilities. A buffer before the formality.
Public Area Accommodating free-flow and transient human movement and behaviour. Vibrant with noises and happenings with richer active experiences.
precedent studies Mercat Encants, Barcelona
CONCEPT By bending the platform, the different levels of the street are reconciled, understanding the market as a large square deck, capable of instilling activity in all parts of the program. slightly inclined planes intertwining and generating an endless loop which links all the programs together.
Els Encants in Barcelona is a centenarian marketplace, which has traditionally been set outdoors in an informal way. Its current location is not far from the market’s new grounds and is going to occupy the junction of Meridiana Avenue with Las Glorias Square. The project's main objective was to maintain the open nature of the current outdoor market Els Encants. The limited size of the new grounds (8,000 m2) was a great constraint, as the commercial programme was more than double that area. It is proposed a continuous multi-level platform or commercial plaza, understanding the market as a large square deck capable of instilling activity in all the different parts of the program. The main objective of the project is to maintain the open, streetlike character of the traditional market.
The design proposes a continuous retail space with slightly elevated surfaces, interweaved in a loop that generates a seamless route between the stalls and small shops, somewhat evoking the experience of shopping on a pedestrian street. By bending the platform, the different levels of the perimeter streets are reconciled, furthermore blurring the access levels throughout the interior spaces of the market.
The design of the roof intends to bring in natural light while bringing in natural ventilation to ventilate the building.The ceiling height of the building contributes to the sense of scale and proportion that allows the user to experience a vast space of marketplace resembling freedom.
03 Design Strategy & Exploration
design intention In the globally aspiring city of Johor Bahru, to advance the city’s living standards, an exceeding import of alienly foreign culture, goods and ideals have reshaped the personal, down to earth livelihoods of local Johor Bahru people. To the point where we witness a limbo shattering between two very contrasting identities. Thus the Marketplace of Ideas is an anchorage that ties the people back to their identity, the building creates a public ‘Market’ for all that trades, exchanges and plays upon accommodating and spreading the essence of local cultural identity while embracing the changes of modernization.
03 Design Strategy & Exploration design development & form studies site responses
design concept
Establishing a cultural bazaar at the ground oor plane as an expository lobby to allow the cultural essences, arts, crafts of heritage town to operate in a prime node collectively. In where it is easier to achieve a mutual symbiosis in an easier to access location for visitors .
03 Design Strategy & Exploration design development & form studies
03 Design Strategy & Exploration spatial programme & organization
ground oor plan
programme 1.
Cultural bazaar
A collective platform for the local artisans, craftsman and artists to present, promote and sell their work to a wider audience. 2.
AR sculptural lounge
An area of exhibition for the newly-made masterpieces or olden artifacts of Johor Bahru through the incorporation of technology to match and create interest in the aspiring modern city.
6
3.
4
Cultural food hub
Essentially Malaysian cuisine interchanging through seasons dierent from those at site, to complete a locale experience.
2
1
3 3
4.
Thinkcity operations
Operation grounds for the ambitious urban renewal organization, space for them to hold talks and events that engage the public. Swaps out for the building management as soon as work is done. 5
5.
Performance/pitching stage
An open stage to invite impromptu acts, esp. aspiring persons to pitch their work/product/ideas or for performing talents to perform to the public. 6.
Stepping garden
A stepping garden with local greenery that acts as a green lounge for the bazaar goers during day or night to chill in.
The ground oor space is mostly used as a public realm for a diverse group of visitors while acting as an expository lobby to allow the cultural tangibles, arts, crafts producers of heritage town to operate in this prime node collectively. The vehicular circulation is focused on Jalan Trus, this is in consideration of the Bazaar Karat operation at Jalan Segget and Tan Hiok Nee at night. The service operates during daytime at Jalan Tan Hiok Nee.
03 Design Strategy & Exploration spatial programme & organization
first floor plan
programme 1.
Artisan workshop
A demonstration/engagement workshop for the public, a place to observe and participate with the local crafts demonstrated by the in-house artisans. 2.
Artisans accommodation
An accommodation for the invited in-house artisans/artists to reside in during their tenure at the city lobby. 3.
2
Artisan retail
Retail space to sell the produced works of invited artisans/collaborating persons and other individual artisans that require a platform to sell. 1 4
3
4.
Library/Co-working space
Library and co-working space for the public to use and occupy from day to night, ample views over the busy bazaar under and glances across the bay. 5
5.
Viewing deck
The deck is a place of respite for visitors, provides visual view over bazaar below as well as people watching opportunities for the heritage shops opposite the street.
The second floor maintains mostly public with the circulation spaces expanded to accommodate activities, it acts as a branch of the bustling of the ground floor with various connections to the lower floor.
03 Design Strategy & Exploration spatial programme & organization
second floor plan
programme 1.
Black box
Performance area to accommodate small/medium size performances by local cultural /urban organizations, eg. Thinkcity, Chinese Association, Kuda Kepang 2.
Rooftop lounge
Acts as a pre-function/refreshments space for performance goers/ practicing artisans, as well as an overlook over the heritage town. 3.
Pre-function space
A gathering space for users of the white/black boxes to meet and interact as well as a space for public to hangout. 1
4. 4 2
3
The second floor maintains mostly public with the circulation spaces expanded to accommodate activities, it acts as a branch of the bustling of the ground floor with various connections to the lower floor.
Multipurpose hall
Hold exhibitions for the local community, a space of rehearsal or practicing for invited performers or artisans when the hall is unused.
04 Environmental & Technological Studies climactic studies sun & shadow study
JL
N EE IO K H TA N
O
N
H D N
N
HI RA IB N
JL
JL
N
IB
IB
RA
RA
HI
HI
M
M
M
N
EE
JL
N
N JL
BY
TR US
TA N
O H D
N JL
JLN
H IO K
TR US
BY
N EE
JLN
JL
N
D
H
O
TA N
BY
US
H
IO K
TR
JL
JLN
JLN SEGGET
JLN SEGGET
JL
JLN SEGGET
The site is surrounded by low 2-3 storey traditional shophouses and also a high rise OCBC Bank, the site will receive minor shading from OCBC Bank in the morning 8AM. The site receives ample daylight exposure due to the lack of vegetation on site and due to the low rise neighbouring shophouses.
wind study
Huge trees act as the wind breaker to promote more gentle wind flow.
Possibility of wind shadow to leeward of the OCBC building..
The wind rose indicates wind flow for Johor Bahru, however the site is bordering the sea, it will receive humid sea breezes all year long.
sustainability concepts solar considerations
The island site receives minimal to no shading from adjacent buildings, therefore an overhead, undulating roof design facilitates activity at the ground floor open spaces throughout the day. An comfortable public space unidentical to any at site is formed.
wind considerations
Undulating roof allows open layout
Open walkways enjoy natural ventilation
Open spaces facilitate wind flow
Rain Buffers
Bernoulli effect through the atrium
Cross Ventilation
As windflow is dominant from all directions, the building design is considered to capture as much natural wind as possible. It is separated into 2 blocks with an open layout , this ensures wind flow through the central atrium of the building, while the openings aids cross ventilation into the main atrium.
Due to the undulating roof, the building is allowed to have as little enclosed blocks, airflow is allowed to circulate through the spaces of the building freely. However, more private spaces are roofed and enclosed that prevents rain from entering during wet season.
facade & openings Opening created as it is shaded during most of daytime by roof and OCBC bank.
Facades mainly on higher position to allow adequate sunlight penetration into library
Opening permeates throughout building as activities happen under the undulating ‘pitch’ roof
Facade Treatment The West and East Elevation is treated with operable vertical louvers interlacing with glass walls, acting as a sun breakers for shading and ventilation purposes of the building, and also a reminiscent and homage to the facades found on site. The vegetations planted on the setback of the walls are also used as green pockets of the building, returning the green landscape taken away from the development of the building.
Side elevation Facing jalan tan hiok nee
material considerations
Plastered Reinforced Concrete
Seamless Aluminium Roofing Panel
Brick Tiles
Structural Steel
Glulam Timber
Local Timber
Bright texture cools down interior space and helps with reflectivity of daylight, reduces need for excessive lighting which reduces cost of energy.
Minimally modern finishing contrasts with the traditional tone of building design. Profile creates a statement for transcending the old to new
Resonate with the hardscape at Jalan Tan Hiok Nee. Creates one continual unit of floor pattern between the public realm and the city lobby.
Works in a composite structure to allow longer spans. Flexible nature allows forming the structural support for tree structure for roof.
High strength for load support & high flexibility
Used as finishes for the vertical timber louvers to complement the rustic tone of site.
structural concept & rainwater strategies Structural Concept The curved steel columns represents growth and uplifting of traditional cultural aspects Johor Bahru in this modern community. The columns branch out and connects to the angular delta above, imposing a strong and dynamic statement. Symbolizing that symbiosis between the old & new is the key element to the city’s future.
The opening allows light, an inspiration to the users of bazaar to look up and recognize the co-existence between the new and the old. This is how Johor Bahru should progress without abandoning its roots.
Funneling upward motion imposes stark contrast with the staticness of adjacent blocks, signifying the symbiosis between modernity with tradition
Flow path from high to low through dierent roof units
Roof The undulating roof is supported by the curved columns, a motionful roof creates interest for activities. The skylights introduced natural daylighting to different spaces in the building through the void openings. Curved structural framing is designed so that the dynamic language of the structures imposes contrast with the static traditional form.
Wide span aluminium gutter in between roof units to prevent valley gutter situation
Gutter installed at edges of low roofs
Structural Concept & Rainwater Prevention Strategies
full wall section
05 Final Board site plan
05 Final Board basement plan
05 Final Board ground floor plan
05 Final Board first floor plan
05 Final Board second floor plan
05 Final Board sectional perspective
05 Final Board sectional perspective
05 Final Board visualizations
Main entrance at Jalan Segget.
05 Final Board visualizations
View of cultural food hub beside Jalan Tan Hiok Nee.
05 Final Board visualizations
Bird’s eye view of Marketplace of Ideas.
05 Final Board visualizations
View at the cultural bazaar at ground oor.