Recc july 2013

RENEWABLE ENERGY & CLIMATE CHANGE

g adin ’s Le gazine a i d In a gy M Ener

RNI No. RAJENG/2010/48438

CLIMATE CHANGE POWER TRANSMISSION A Global Magazine on Renewable Energy and Power Generation Systems

VOLUME NO. 4 • No. 3 • July - September 2013

RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR POWER

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CONTENTS

CLIMATE CHANGE POWER TRANSMISSION

Editor-in-Chief K. Vikram Rastogi

EDITORIAL 10 Go Under the Sun and Let the Economy Bask in Wealth NEWS 12 India Faces Short-term Setback in Renewable Energy Investment Sanofi's Ankleshwar Unit to Use Renewable Energy New Agency to Drive India Offshore Siemens Charters Offshore Duo Baltic 2 Build Begins

Editors Vikrant Vikram Rastogi Jayesh Vikram Rastogi Editorial Board A. Ahmed A. Shah Babulal Jain M. Arora

GRADUAL WARMING 15 Uttrakhand Tragedy, a Result of Gradual Warming UP

Editorial Team Jaywant Mehta Upendra Sharma

FUEL 16 World's Largest Railway Network Seeks Freedom From Fossil Fuel

Director, Marketing Vikrant Vikram Rastogi Director, Circulation Jayesh Vikram Rastogi

GLOW GREEN 17 LED Cost and Practicality are Improving SUNRAY

19

A Hot Way of Promoting Solar Water Heaters BIOFUEL Biofuel in India

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SOLAR PARK Dhirubhai Ambani Solar Park

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RRECL Renewable Energy, Rajasthan

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COMMERCIALIZATION 30 Renewable Energy Commercialization COMPANY PROFILE 49 Valka Vasu Energy: Lighting the Path Ahead JAIPUR METRO 50 The Dawn of a New Public Transport Era in Rajasthan FAIRS 4th World Renewable Energy

Products

Industrial UPS

Sine Wave Inverters

Advanced Wind And Solar Charge Controller

LED Lights

Wind And Solar Energy

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CONTENTS RENEWABLE ENERGY & CLIMATE CHANGE + POWER TRANSMISSION A Quarterly Publication

Technology Congress Expo -2013 Electri Expo 2013, Hyderabad Solarcon India 2013 The Nigeria Alternative Energy Expo 2013 Bostwana Renewable Energy Expo 2014 Intersolar India 2013 PROFILE 59 Urja Solutions

Annual Subscription India : Rs. 100 (Single Issue) Rs. 350 (Annual) Foreign: Euro 25 (Sea-mail) Euro 35(Air-mail) Director, Design & Layout Paras Bhansali Graphic Design Kunj Bihari Sharma Administrative Office

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DISTRIBUTION 60 Renewable Energy & Climate Change + Power Transmission at International Events

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BUSINESS PARTNERS

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UPCOMING FAIRS

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The editors do their utmost to verify information published. They do not accept responsibility for its absolute accuracy.

SUBSCRITION FORM

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Opinion expressed in the articles are of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the editors or publishers. All disputes are subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of competent courts and forums in Jaipur city only.

ADVERTISING INDEX

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Printed by Smt. Jaya Vikram Rastogi, Published by Smt. Jaya Vikram Rastogi on behalf of Smt. Jaya Vikram Rastogi and printed at Navpack & Print, Amarpali Circle, Vashalinagar, Jaipur and published at Rastogi House, B 9, Vivekanand Marg C-Scheme, Jaipur 302001 Editor - Shri K. Vikram Rastogi.

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EDITORIAL

Go Under the Sun and Let the Economy Bask in Wealth

K. Vikram Rastogi

In moving from the city to the suburb there is an important fallout apart from going clean. The movement will help in creating local employment and to that extent urban migration will be slowed down. This is noteworthy because urban jobs are not only painful for the migrant but also do not add to his income though the cash he receives may seem more than what he may have earned at home in his village or home town.

Get under the sun and breathe easy.

Recently a ten-year old went inside a car to keep warm while his father shoveled ice to dig out the car. When the child was taken out he was dead. The reason is not far to seek. In the car the oxygen was consumed completely as the buried tail pipe did not let the exhaust escape. The trapped carbon dioxide was converted into carbon monoxide in the absence of oxygen and turned out to be fatal.

This is a tragedy that happened in US. When there is a lot of snow digging out the car takes time. In the process the focus is either removed or is not on clearing the snow from the exhaust pipe first. In the meanwhile someone goes in or is put inside the car. The result is fatal.

The city dweller is much like the child inside the car enclosed by an environment which is fast losing its oxygen. Additionally the city dweller is also giving up his scope of utilising the natural source of energy for his needs. This makes him quite poor because he is already living in shortages: A c c o r d i n g t o M a d h u r a first of air, going out of oxygen, and second of energy, supplied from coal or diesel.

relationships so vital in today's intolerant attitude and seething minds. This partly explains jittery tempers and retaliatory impatience prevailing everywhere while space commands a premium, as for example, in palace residences or luxury hotels where huge lobbies and large rooms are dedicated to few individuals.

The idea to have sun's rays pouring into buildings is not just about receiving more natural light indoors. It means much more.

It signifies a big change from what prevails these days. It has the potential to transform individual and social life as much as the kind and level of the state's economic activity.

The context of sunlight in today's world is that of environment and economy at the macro-scale and that of health and happiness at the micro-level. That is to say, the public authorities have to ensure that the city does not find impediments when it is in a spreading-out mode, particularly at the time population is growing in it.

Swaminathan, economist at Kolkata's Indian Statistical Institute, "These are the costs of participating in the urban economy. Your increased income is canceled out by increased expenditure. In the end, you have even less left for food."

Instead of limiting the size of urban land it should be of expanding dimensions that match the demographic growth. But it is seen that policy does not let land classified as agriculture be converted to urban land or does so with so much difficulty that the old size of land continuous to serve twice or thrice the number of residents that the original land was meant to take.

under the sun and see the promise of wealth fulfilled. This is to Prime Minister M. Singh from us at RECC , a way to swing the Indian economy out of its sluggishness to double digit growth.

The result is that the city experiences scarcity of land and what is scarce, its price certainly goes up. Thus it is seen that in due course the cost of land becomes a critical factor in making any decisions regarding new projects because they all have to start with land as the first need.

The price of land thus makes construction of rise buildings extreme paying. What happens in the next phase is that the city

However, if the same city is spread out to cover a greater area many families will prefer to own a house built on the ground.

They will enjoy the space open to the sky.

They are likely to sprinkle some greenery around their dwelling units or even be willing to spend more time and have a lush garden. More open land or garden and Shaping cities alone can bring in greenery around houses will also create much that is desired. All that has to more space on the roads when fewer four and two wheelers run to fulfil the be done, to start with, is to go transport needs.

Living and working in basements and cramped places hurts the mind's calmness and steals some of the joy. Space in a clean environment enhances creativity, efficiency and sweetens interaction and

10 < Renewable Energy & Climate Change + Power Transmission

EDITORIAL

Solar Impulse completely Powered by Solar Power

takes a vertical direction in its growth. More people come to live on a size of land which was not meant for them. They buy their own transports and have their little work-places also on that size which becomes increasingly small. Thus what follows is congestion.

But having more land for cities is not a very difficult task if settlements in the suburban regions of the city are made easy, if not encouraged. Public housing constructed to produce solar energy can generate at least ten times the energy a high-rise building can turn out. The city is home to several large highdensity offices. If these are shifted out of the city they will release some of the pressure leading to congestion in the city.

Also these offices have large premises with the building in the centre. If this property is put on sale it will fetch a fortune from the market.

With this capital a new office in the suburb can produce sizeable surplus to supplement the investment required for applying new technology to generate clean energy. An innovative energy efficient building design with a cool, comfortable inside and practically no running costs and just about nil maintenance will set an example for others and they will be inspired to adopt the new technologies.

Solar Impulse, a fully Solar powered airplane, landed in Washington having flown across the Unites States after taking off from St. Louis. It shows that clean energy is not just an idea but can be practically harnessed to conquer distance and generate energy.

Solar Impulse presents an example of an aircraft fuelled by solar power to complete a day and night journey across the US. In this project are involved engineers from Swiss escalator maker Schindler and research aid from Belgian chemicals

group Solvay.

Solar Impulse's Swiss pilot Bertrand Piccard said, "It proves the reliability and potential of clean technologies, and this is crucial in pushing our message forward." Piccard founded the Solar Impulse project with fellow pilot Andre Borschberg.

Similarly developments are going on transport on land. Many companies across the world have rolled out, what are called, EVs. Electro-Vehicles do not depend on the internal combustion engine. They are powered by electric motors which are chargeable after running a certain distance. In India Mahendra & Mahendra have made a much-developed version of an EV from what made a debut on the Inidan roads as Reva, a small car that did not use gasoline.

In moving from the city to the suburb there is an important fallout apart from going clean. The movement will help in creating local employment and to that extent urban migration will be slowed down. This is noteworthy because urban jobs are not only painful for the migrant but also do not add to his income though the cash he receives may seem more than what he may have earned at home in his village or home town.

According to Madhura Swaminathan, economist at Kolkata's Indian Statistical Institute, "These are the costs of participating in the urban economy. Your increased income is canceled out by increased expenditure. In the end, you have even less left for food."

Shaping cities anew can bring in much that is desired. All that has to be done, to start with, is to go under the sun and see the promise of wealth fulfilled. This is to Prime Minister M. Singh from us at RECC , a way to swing the Indian economy out of its sluggishness to double digit growth.

11 < Renewable Energy & Climate Change + Power Transmission

NEWS

India Faces Short-term Setback in Renewable Energy Investment Investments in renewable energy sector will be sluggish in the short term globally, including in India, says a report.

Leading consultancy firm Deloitte, in its report, today said

"Global investment into the renewable energy sector is likely to remain subdued in the near time. Yet, over the long term, the sector will be more attractive as technology improves and costs decline," Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Ltd Global Leader (Renewable Energy) Jane Allen said.

Meanwhile, fossil fuels received almost twice the amount of government-funded support than the total amount of public and private sector investment in renewable energy in 2012.

"This equates to a total of USD 523 billion in subsidies provided worldwide, in contrast to the USD 269 billion of total investment in renewable energy in 2012," the report said.

Sanofi's Ankleshwar Unit to Use Renewable Energy Sanofi India Limited is exploring the use of renewable energy sources for its manufacturing operations at Ankleshwar site.

The company said that it has signed an agreement with wind turbine manufacturer, Suzlon Energy Limited (SEL), for a 2.1 MW (megawatt) offsite windmill installation, to generate renewable power for captive consumption at the site.

In 2012, Sanofi's Goa manufacturing site demonstrated the utilization of biomass from agro waste to generate energy. In addition to creating employment for local villagers, the biomass project helped reduce the site's steam cost as well as its dependence on fossil fuel.

New Agency to Drive India Offshore that global investments in renewable energy sector is set to continue to decline in the short term.

Deloitte India's Senior Director Debasish Mishra said that very much like the global trend, there is a short-term setback in renewable energy investments in India.

"This is due to lack of implementation of Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO) by the distribution utilities and designated consumers," he said.

"There is a slowdown particularly in the wind sector due to removal of Accelerated Depreciation and confusion regarding generation based incentive," Mishra added.

However, the report noted that the prospects for global renewable energy industry would be attractive in the long term.

About 118 countries have renewable energy targets in place and the demand for clean energy is also on the rise.

The Indian government is establishing a dedicated body to progress and regulate offshore wind development in the country.

Ministry of New and Renewable Energy secretary Ratan P Watal said at a stakeholder conference this week that the National Offshore Wind Energy Authority will "enter into contract. For development of offshore wind energy projects in territorial waters".

The new body will be a "single window" agency and coordinate with concerned ministries and departments in connection with necessary regulatory work. NOWA will also carry out resource assessment and survey work out to 12 nautical miles.

Watal said India is "committed to providing a conducive environment for harnessing offshore wind energy in the country". The subcontinent is estimated to have up to 350GW of potential capacity.

12 < Renewable Energy & Climate Change + Power Transmission

NEWS

Siemens Charters Offshore Duo

Baltic 2 Build Begins

Siemens has signed a charter deal with Esvagt A/S for two new offshore wind service vessels to cover O&M work at the Butendiek and Baltic 2 offshore wind farms in Germany.

En BW has mobilised the jack-up Goliath to the site of its 288MW Baltic 2 offshore wind farm in Germany to start foundation installation.

The duo, which is expected to launch in early 2015, is being commissioned specifically for the German giant and will

The vessel (pictured) left the port of Rostock early this morning for the site some 32km north of the island of R端gen.

EnBW Chief Technology Officer Dr Hans-Josef Zimmer said: "With the installation of the foundations we start in the crucial phase of the project, now our second offshore wind farm takes shape in the form of concrete out to sea. We have - and particularly our offshore team - worked a long time."

He said the company's second offshore wind farm is four times as large as Baltic 1 and will produce six times as much electricity. "incorporate significant advancements in logistics, efficiency and operational capabilities", the company said.

Siemens provided input on the design and specifications of the vessels, which will provide direct access to turbines using an advanced hydraulic gangway system in contrast with floating hotels that use smaller vessels or helicopters.

They will also accommodate more than 30 technicians for several weeks at a time, enabling them to live and work at the project site and spend less time traveling to and from shore.

Siemens Energy service renewables business chief executive Tim Holt said: "This new, state-of-the-art design has been developed with a strong focus on advancing and streamlining our offshore service operations and logistics for the benefit of our customers.

EnBW said the first phase of construction at Baltic 2 will involve the installation of three-legged jackets. The developer is using a combination of jackets and monopolies depending on the water depth.

EEW SPC and Bladt Industries provided 39 monopolies and transition pieces and 123 pin piles for 41 jackets. They were contracted by Arge Baltic 2 Foundations - a joint venture between Hochtief Solutions, Hochtief Offshore Crewing and Geo Sea. Bladt fabricated the jackets.

EnBW reported that the jackets will be installed in two steps.

In the first step a transport ship brings six jacket piles from Rostock to the construction field. Three piles form the foundation of each jacket and an installation tool will be used by the Goliath to drive the piles into the seabed.

In a second operation, the jackets are placed on posts and later fixed with a special cement, En BW said.

"Less time traveling to and from shore allows for more time at the site and a more efficient and cost-effective use of resources. Our charter agreement with Esvagt offers us the opportunity to combine our leadership position with that of an experienced ship company."

The installation of a jacket takes up to five days, depending on weather. Foundations for a total of 80 3.6MW Siemens turbines will be installed.

Construction of the vessels is scheduled to start this month at the Havyard Shipyard in Norway. Each vessel will be 84 meters long with a maximum speed of 14 knots.

Transmission company 50 Hertz kicked off export cable work in April. A spokesman said the company was "on schedule" to deliver a connection to the mainland grid network "in 2014".

13 < Renewable Energy & Climate Change + Power Transmission

GRADUAL WARMING

Uttarakhand Tragedy, a Result of Gradual Warming UP

According to a study made by the Uttarakhand Government the annual temperature in the Himalayas is likely to rise by up to two degrees and in the day the spatial pattern of the change in the lowest minimum temperature and the highest maximum temperature point to a warming by one to four degrees towards the 2030s. .

At the same time the rainfall would also rise by five to 13 per cent in the next two decades. This was revealed by Science and Technology Minister So Jaipal Reddy in the Rajya Sabha based on the Uttrakhand report. The study said, "the mean annual temperature is projected to increase from 0.9 (plus-minus) 0.6 to 2.6 degree (plus-minus) 0.7 degree in the 2030s."

Because of the increasing temperatures the frequency of incidents of extreme rainfall has also increased so India needs to be prepared for the consequences. For instance, the unexpectedly early and powerful rains over Uttrakhand in the Himalayas have killed over 130 people and left 70,000 pilgrims stranded, damaged temple towns, and washed away roads and 21 bridges in the region. And we still

don't know the extent of deaths, injuries and damage because of the impaired connectivity.

The Hindu of June 18th pointed out that Dehradun received 340 mm of rainfall. In climate literature, rainfall more than 150 mm in a day is termed a very heavy rain event. this was seen after five decades as per the IMD.

15 < Renewable Energy & Climate Change + Power Transmission

FUEL

World's Largest Railway Network Seeks Freedom from Fossil Fuel Though neither the fossil fuel nor the power grid can be as desired as solar power the proposition is not easy to implement. It is for this reason help of a premier institution like the IIT of Chennai is being sought by the railways.

As of today, it is common to source power for air conditioning coaches from the speed of a train and for power cars from fossil fuel. Power cars are attached to trains like Shatabdi Express, Duronto and double decker trains while AC coaches of other trains have self-generating systems.

According to a senior ICF official, "We have asked IIT Madras to find ways to tap solar power and use it for interior lighting and air conditioning. An MoU was signed a month ago.

We have started preliminary discussions with professors to work out different modalities to develop a feasible model to use solar power in running trains."

"We are yet to know if power cars can be eliminated because we have to find out the extent of power that can be drawn from solar panels and how much of that can be stored effectively. These issues will be looked at by the developers," he added.

After all trains run across different climate zones during a single trip so powering an air conditioned coach efficiently has become a huge challenge. The air conditioning system has tripped on many trains, including the recentlyintroduced double-decker service between Chennai and Bangalore. Last year, passengers on a Chennai-Thiruvananthapuram train suffered when the air conditioning failed.

In India the first attempts are being initiated at the Integral Coach Factory in Chennai to design new railway coaches.

The idea of the new design is to draw power from the sun to light up and cool clown the bogies.

The initial trial and subsequest runs of the trains armed with solar power will bring out the problems and the technology gradually improved so that it can be technically applied without too many flaws.

GLOW GREEN

LED Cost and Practicality are Improving

LEDs lights which have been seen to be making its place in the Indian market since 2-3 years have now shown further signs of being future in lighting. In the recent times the prices of LED products have lowered further. This can be justified seeing the appreciation of the Indian consumers for the LED based products.

The other day I saw few vegetable vendors in the local market using LED based lamps. I must say that I was surprised. When Glow Green Energy Ltd introduced it's LED based products some years back, we never expected that LED products could be afforded by a road side vegetable seller so fast , considering the higher costs of the lights at that time.

Rapidly changing market has however brought in a lot of optimism in LED manufacturers. There has been significant development in number of products. New products/ retrofits are being introduced in the market at a much faster pace. In fact, Glow Green Energy introduced 5 new products in its LED range last month.

Along with major A category companies which are driving the LED growth market by using LED lights in their 24hr running factories, middle class average consumers have also become a major part of the market by using LED lights at their homes.

Very different prices for not so different products! Buyer's dilemma Since, Glow green has been dealing with both kinds of

customers, we have observed that 90% of the prospective customers face major dilemma over the pricing of the products. Similar products are available at major difference in prices from different sellers. Now a small difference is understandable to the buyer but if a down lighter is sold at Rs350 and similar looking down lighter is available for Rs70 at a local electrical shop, a pyramid of doubt is built in buyer's mind. Now he doubts that if the seller who is giving the same product at 300 rupees is trying to cheat him. We're sure most you reading this column will have faced same situation and will understand what we're trying to say.

This brings me to my next point. What customers today need to understand is that apple to apple comparison is must when buying an LED product. They may look similar but it is very important to go through their technical specifications and make sure what the seller is selling actually. Quality of components being used is a major factor in deciding for how long the product will run.

Saying it is warranted for x number of years and actually getting the service and the warranty could be two very different things today with n number of sellers coming up every day. So, words of caution here, first check and then buy.

More practical Now Increased demand has encouraged manufacturers to spend more on their R & D. This has improved the practical usage of the products. Products are now designed as per architectural requirement plus their technically necessity. Different people different needs, so this is now taken care of.

It is now understood that few years down the line only LED lights will be used and conventional lights being used today will slowly go off. So idea is to prepare our self to be able to replace conventional lights in every area. So, get set, a lot more to come.

Consumers Can Purchase LED Light Bulbs Locally or Online Two words access and innovation. With the boom in e commerce LED products have become available at various websites. You can now just Google it.

Glow Green has put remarkable efforts to make LED lights reachable to different consumers by providing products with good quality drivers. Benefit gained from increased production quantity has been passed onto the consumers in the form of lowering of selling prices.

For industries, ESCO programme has been major confidence builder. Client has to pay nothing upfront and can pay the whole amount out of his monthly savings. Plus for that duration of time products are warranted. So let's hope that this growth keeps up and things keep on improving day by day.

17 < Renewable Energy & Climate Change + Power Transmission

SUNRAY

A HOT WAY OF PROMOTING SOLAR WATER HEATERS Sun ray solar museum is established to create awareness, promote & propagate usage of Renewable energy systems .It not only exhibits a variety of Renewable energy systems available around the World ,but has also developed its own innovative solar water heater which works WITH OR WITHOUT OVERHEAD TANK, solar cool cap apart from sun based lights, Radios, sprayers, dryers, cooking systems & new pumping systems all driven by solar energy.

SUN RAY SOLAR WATER HEATER A REVOLUTION : This innovation is hot way of promoting solar energy.

Conventional solar water heater requires an additional elevated overhead tank about 7ft, from there water comes to solar tank i.e; some pressure is required . Major drawback of a conventional solar systems are 1) Mixing problem 2) Air vent problem 3)Welding problem 4) Cleaning of overhead Tank 5) Additional cost of RS.8,000 for overhead tank & stand.

SUN RAY has developed a solar water heater which works WITH OR WITHOUT OVERHEAD TANK and all the drawback of conventional system is removed.

elevated tank will not be there, which is compulsory in conventional solar water heaters.

3) NO LONG AIR VENT & NO HOSE PIPE: Small Air vent is provided which is non- welded. LONG AIR VENT is major complaint in conventional system due to wind & welding.

4) NON-WELDED TANK & PIPES: conventional systems are all welded & there are chances of tank leakage due to HARD WATER after some years. All pipes are inserted by silicon washers in SUN RAY. 5) SUITABLE FOR ALL CAPACITIES OF OVERHEAD TANK: n big apartments, there will be 10,000 & above lts of overhead RCC tank, our smallest system of 100LPD can be connected directly from that overhead tank i.e.; no separate pressurized system is required.

6) SUITABLE FOR ALL TPYE OF WATER: As the tank & pipes are non-welded, this new system is suitable for all kinds of water & even the evacuated tubes are of 58mm dia.

Already more than 100 systems are satisfactorily working in HUBLI & DHARAWAD, BANGALORE, BELGUAM, DAVANGERE & ILKAL of Karnataka state.

FEATURES AND ADVANTAGE 1. WITH OR WITHOUT OVERHEAD TANK & STAND (SAVE RS. 8,000) .

2. NO WATER MIXING PROBLEMS. 3. NO LONG AIR VENT & HOUSE PIPE. 4. NON WELDED TANK & PIPES. 5. SUITABLE FOR ALL CAPACITY OF OVERHEAD TANKS. 6. SUITABLE FOR ALL TPYE OF WATER. HOW THIS SYSTEM WORK: Solar tank fills up when your overhead tank is filled through pump & automatically stops as there is ball wall & when overflow of terrace cold tank, motor is manually stopped.

1) MIXING PROBLEM: conventional solar water heaters requires additional elevated overhead tank by that there is mixing problem.

Suppose at 5am,6am,7am, hot water is drawn from the system, there is mixing of cold with that of hot water & the 4th bucket will be cold water only. As there is no overhead tank for SUN RAY, whatever hot water is ready, say 60 degree, the same temperature hot water can be drawn upto the last drop.

2) NO OVERHEAD TANK: Additional cost of RS.8,000/- is saved & cleaning of 19 < Renewable Energy & Climate Change + Power Transmission

BIOFUEL

Biofuel in India Biofuel development in India centers mainly around the cultivation and processing of Jatropha plant seeds which are very rich in oil (40%). The drivers for this are historic, functional, economic, environmental, moral and political.

Jatropha oil has been used in India for several decades as biodiesel for the diesel fuel requirements of remote rural and forest communities; jatropha oil can be used directly after extraction (i.e. without refining) in diesel generators and engines.

Jatropha has the potential to provide economic benefits at the local level since under suitable management it has the potential to grow in dry marginal non-agricultural lands, thereby allowing villagers and farmers to leverage non-farm land for income generation.

As well, increased Jatropha oil production delivers economic benefits to India on the macroeconomic or national level as it reduces the nation's fossil fuel import bill for diesel production (the main transportation fuel used in the country); minimizing the expenditure of India's foreigncurrency reserves for fuel allowing India to increase its growing foreign currency reserves (which can be better spent on capital expenditures forindustrial inputs and production).

And since Jatropha oil is carbon-neutral, large-scale production will improve the country's carbon emissions profile. Finally, since no food producing farmland is required for producing this biofuel (unlike corn or sugar cane ethanol, or palm oil diesel), it is considered the most politically and morally acceptable choice among India's current biofuel options; it has no known negative impact on the production

20 < Renewable Energy & Climate Change + Power Transmission

BIOFUEL from Frost & Sullivan, Strategic Analysis of the Indian Biofuels Industry, reveals that the market is an emerging one and has a long way to go before it catches up with global competitors.

Jatropha incentives in India Jatropha incentives in India is a part of India's goal to achieve energy independence by the year 2012.

Jatropha oil is produced from the seeds of the Jatropha curcas, a plant that can grow in wastelands across India, and the oil is considered to be an excellent source of bio-diesel. India is keen on reducing its dependence on coal and petroleum to meet its increasing energy demand and encouraging Jatropha cultivation is a crucial component of its energy policy.

Large plots of waste land have been selected for Jatropha cultivation and will provide much needed employment to the rural poor of India. Businesses are also seeing the planting of Jatropha as a good business opportunity. The Government of India has identified 400,000 square kilometres (98 million acres) of land where Jatropha can be grown, hoping it will replace 20% of India's diesel consumption by 2011.

of the massive amounts grains and other vital agriculture goods India produces to meet the food requirements of its massive population (circa 1.1 Billion people as of 2008).

Other biofuels which displace food crops from viable agricultural land such as corn ethanol or palm biodiesel have caused serious price increases for basic food grains and edible oils in other countries.

Seeds from the Jatropha curcas plant are used for the production of bio-fuel, a crucial part of India's plan to attain energy sustainability.

India's total biodiesel requirement is projected to grow to 3.6 Million Metric Tons in 2011-12, with the positive performance of the domestic automobile industry.Analysis

Implementation The ex President of India, Dr. Abdul Kalam, is one of the strong advocaters of jatropha cultivation for production of bio-diesel. In his recent speech, the Former President said that out of the 600,000 km² of wasteland that is available in India over 300,000 km² are suitable for Jatropha cultivation.

Once this plant is grown the plant has a useful lifespan of several decades. During its life, Jatropha requires very little water when compared to other cash crops.

Recently, the State Bank of India provided a boost to the cultivation of Jatropha in India by signing a Memorandum of Understanding with D1 Mohan, a joint venture of D1 Oils plc, to give loans to the tune of 1.3 billion rupees to local farmers in India. Farmers will also be able to pay back the loan with the money that D1 Mohan pays for the Jatropha seeds.

21 < Renewable Energy & Climate Change + Power Transmission

BIOFUEL

The Government is currently implementing an ethanol-blending program and considering initiatives in the form of mandates for biodiesel. Due to these strategies, the rising population, and the growing energy demand from the transport sector, biofuels can be assured of a significant market in India. On 12 September 2008, the Indian Government announced its 'National Biofuel Policy'. It aims to meet 20% of India's diesel demand with fuel derived from plants.

That will mean setting aside 140,000 square kilometres of land.

Presently fuel yielding plants cover less than 5,000 square kilometres.

Indian Railways The Indian Railways has started to use the oil (blended with diesel fuel in various ratios) from the Jatropha plant to power its diesel engines with great success. Currently the diesel locomotives that run from Thanjavur to Nagore section and Tiruchirapalli to Lalgudi, Dindigul and Karur sections run on a blend of Jatropha and diesel oil.

Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh has entered into a formal agreement with Reliance Industries for Jatropha planting. The company has selected 200 acres (0.81 km2) of land at Kakinada to grow jatropha for high quality bio-diesel fuel. Kerala is planning a massive Jatropha planting campaign.

Chhattisgarh Chhattisgarh has decided to plant 160 million saplings of jatropha in all its 16 districts during 2006 with the aim of becoming a bio-fuel self-reliant state by 2015. Chhattisgarh plans to earn Rs.40 billion annually by selling seeds after

2010. The central government has provided Rs.135 million to Chhattisgarh in 2013 for developing jatropha nursery facilities.

In May 2005, Chief Minister Raman Singh became the first head of a state government to use jatropha diesel for his official vehicle. Chhattisgarh plans to replace with jatropha fuel all state-owned vehicles using diesel and petrol by 2007.

Chattisgarh Bio-fuel Development Authority now oversees the production of the Jatropha curcas seed as a rich source of bio-diesel. Chhatisgarh government tie up with public sector company Indian oil to produce biodiesel and maintain jatropha plantation in chhatisgarh name of this company Indian oil CREDA Biofules Ltd. This company is established on 2009 at sankar nagar raipur this company covered all district of chhatisgarh to plantation of jatropha curcas.

Karnataka Farmers in semi-arid regions of Karnataka are planting Jatropha as it is well suited to those conditions.

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BIOFUEL

Labland Biodiesel is a Mysore based Private Limited Company. Since the year 2002, the Company is active in Biodiesel and Jatropha curcas-based Research and Development activities headed by its Chairman and Managing Director, Dr. Sudheer Shetty.

Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu is aggressively promoting the plantation of Jatropha to help farmers over come the loss due to irregular rains during the past few years. The government has contracted the development of Jatropha in Tamil Nadu in a large scale to four entrepreneurs. Namely M/s Mohan Breweries and Distilleries Limited. M/s Shiva Distilleries Limited, M/s Dharani Sugars and Chemicals Limited and M/s Riverway Agro Products Private Ltd. Currently the firms have cultivated the plant in about 3 square kilometres as against the goal of 50 km². The government of Tamil Nadu has also abolished purchase tax on Jatropha. But presently government has announced to reduce the 7.5% tolgate charges to 2.5% Rajasthan Jatropha is ideally suited for cultivation in Rajasthan as it needs very little water which is scarce in Rajasthan. Jatropa

plantations have been undertaken in Udaipur, Kota, Sikar, Banswara, Chittor and Churu districts. In the Udaipur district, Jatropha curcas is planted in agroforestry formats with food or cash crops on marginal lands (in India often called waste lands). As its leaves are toxic and therefore non-palatable to livestock, they remain intact in their sapling stage, unlike most other tree saplings. These Jatropha Seeds are very much favorable for the Germination. Udaipur is the major supplier of the Jatropha Seeds especially for the Germination. Many companies and Govt are taking interest to collect best seeds from Udaipur. Bulk Agro (I) Pvt Ltd is the elite of the suppliers.

Maharashtra In September 2007, the Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL) joined hands with the Maharashtra State Farming Corporation Ltd (MSFCL) for a jatropha seed-based bio-diesel venture. As part of the project, jatropha plants would be grown on 500 acres (2 km²) in Nashik and Aurangabad. In November 2005, the Maharashtra Government aimed to cultivate jatropha on 600 km² in the state, with half the land going to the public sector and the other half to the private sector. On July 1, 2006, Pune Municipal Corporation took the lead among Indian cities in

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BIOFUEL using bio-diesel from jatropha in over 100 public buses.

Ahmednagar Gulabrao Kale studied the prospects of plantation in the Ahmednagar district in Maharashtra and under his guidance, Govind Gramin Vikas Pratishthan (GOGVIP), decided to plan under DPAP program of government. Initially, it was a very difficult task to make farmers ready for the Jatropha plantation. When 20-25 farmers were offered the plan, only 2-3 farmers were convinced to plant jatropha. Lack of literacy was a big hindrance in convincing the farmers.

It was hard to convince them about the future benefits of the plant and its potential to produce bio-diesel, an equivalent of diesel. But after untiring and continuous efforts more than 1000 farmers are working with the GOGVIP for the Jatropha planting program now. For this task, under the watershed development program, GOGVIP took an area of 10.92 square kilometres for making CCT'S. To date, more than 2 million Jatropha plants have been planted in the target area of the five villages of Vankute, Dhoki, Dhotre, Dhavalpuri and Gajdipoor in the project. The villages are in the remote locations and that made connecting them with GOGVIP a difficult task.

the farmers in the North Eastern States, Orissa and Jharkhand. The Company has a comprehensive network to manufacture bio-diesel from the oilseeds harvested by the farmers.

Biodiesel initiative hopes to benefit local communities through commercial plantation of Jatropha. NGOs and selfhelp groups are also involved.

Practices The Project on Development of Agronomic practices for Jatropha curcas is being implemented, with the financial assistance of DBT, New Delhi. Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (MS) India has Planted Jatropha on 3 square kilometres, with the financial assistance of National Oilseeds and Vegetable oils development Board.

Eastern India D1 Williamson Magor Bio Fuel Limited is a joint venture company between D1 Oils plc, UK and Williamson Magor group. This biodiesel initiative was incorporated in July 2006.

Advocating the creation of energy from renewable resources, the company promotes Jatropha Plantations on the wasteland possessed by 24 < Renewable Energy & Climate Change + Power Transmission

SOLAR PARK

Dhirubhai Ambani Solar Park The Dhirubhai Ambani Solar Park at Dhursar village near Pokran in the Jaisalmer district of Rajasthan is one of a large

local generation, bringing the total to 30,000 MW by 2022. Speaking at the dedication of the park, the new and renewable energy minister hoped that Rajasthan alone would exceed 22,000 MW by then. A 100 MW solar thermal project at the same location is expected to be completed by 2013.

number of solar parks expected to be built in a 35,000 km2area of the Thar Desert that has been reserved for solar power projects. The solar park was named after the late Dhirubhai Ambani, the founder of Reliance Industries, and wasconstructed using 500,000 modules

by First Solar, and covers an area of 350 acres (142 ha).

India has a target of developing 22,000 MW of solar power plants, and an additional 8,000 MW is expected in 25 < Renewable Energy & Climate Change + Power Transmission

RRECL

Rajasthan Renewable Energy Corporation Ltd.

Rajasthan Renewable Energy Corporation Ltd. (RRECL) was formed by merging east while Rajasthan Energy Development Agency (REDA) and Rajasthan State Power Corporation Ltd. (RSPCL) in August 2002. RREC is working as a state nodal agency, promoting and developing nonconventional energy sources in the state. It is State Designated Agency (SDA) for enforcement of provisions of Energy Conservation Act, 2001 in the State. RREC coordinates the programmes on Non-Conventional Energy Sources and the Society.

The requirement of energy is increasing and the import bill is rising due to the rising cost of fossil fuel in international market. There in a question of energy security and there is emerging serious threat of global warming. The cost of generation of solar power has come down significantly in the past 2-3 years due to technology updates and change in policy framework. This trend is rising world wide.

India has a vast potential of solar power generation since 58% of its area (1.89 million sq. kms) receives average Global

Insolation above 5 kwh/m2/day. There is abundance of cheap desert land (208,110 sq. km). The solar radiation is the best similar to California and Nevada, USA. There are more than 325 sunny days in India and 2% of the desert land can generate more than 100 GW. In India energy technology, certain options are available like photovoltaic and solar thermal. Photo voltaic is crystalline and comparatively efficient with a land requirement of 2.5 Hectare/MW (PLF 20%). Its initial cost is high. Solar thermal is parabolic trough with 23% PLF and land required is 2.5 Hectare/MW with a high initial cost.

There are challenges before solar energy. Its cost is high but gradually it is declining. It requires drivers for cost reduction as well as economics of scale. Technological advancements and grid parity are essential requirements.

The large scale utility power can be produced either from Solar PV or from CSP, depending on the cost economics.

Solar CSP, due to storage factor, can be instrumental in

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RRECL Rajasthan Solar Policy 2011 aims at developing a global hub of solar power of 10,000-12,000 MW capacity in 10-12 years. Productive use of abundant wastelands, thereby utilising the nonindustrialised desert areas for creation of an industrial hub for achieving grid parity in next 7-8 years.

meeting the evening peak requirements and therefore be potentially more attractive from a utility.

Rajasthan has a vast potential for wind and biomass power generation. The potential for wind power generation is around 6000 MW and a strong power evacuation network exists. Biomass energy has an immense potential in the form of Juli-flora (Vilayati Batool), mustard husk and other agriculture residues for biomass fuel. There is an assumed potential of 300 MW and a separate policy for promoting solar, wind and biomass energy, issued by the GOR. Rajasthan Solar Energy Policy, 2011 has a provision for State Nodal Agency and Single Window clearance. Government land is available at 10% of the DLC rate (agriculture land).

Private land can be converted to industrial use at 10% of the conversion charges and the ceiling limit has been relaxed for purchase of private land. Captive consumption of power is exempted from payment of electricity duty. There is allotment of water for solar thermal power plants and leveraging advantage from JNNSM.

Under National Solar Mission, the total number of projects commissioned including all schemes till today is 609.25 MW. In all, 894 solar projects have been registered with a capacity of 18474 MW capacity. The total cumulative capacity installed in the state till today is 2713.145 MW since financial year 1999-2000. Wind power plants will be set up for direct sale to discoms of Rajasthan with a capacity of 300 MW through competitive bidding.

Rajasthan has a robust power evacuation system. There is a strong transmission network with dedicated 400 kv and associated 220 and 132 kv already in place. There is a new integrated wind and solar power evacuation system on 400 and 220 kv with 400 kv GSS Solar Park locations sanctioned

by RVPN. Solar power market in India is now mature. Reverse bidding process is proven for competitive prices. R & D and demonstration projects may continue. Land pricing issues need to be addressed. Local conflicts/challenges need to be addressed by states. Policies for transmission charges for solar power set up for RPO of other states are to be rationalised. RPO enforcement is to be implemented effectively. Smart grid applications are required to improve the efficiency, reliability, economics and sustainability of the solar and other renewable power. For rooftop applications, India may adopt netting of methodology.

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COMMERCIALIZATION

Renewable Energy Commercialization Three generations of technologies 타 Renewable energy includes a number of sources and

technologies at different stages of commercialization.

The International Energy Agency (IEA) has defined three generations of renewable energy technologies, reaching back over 100 years: 타 "First-generation technologies emerged from the industrial revolution at the end of the 19th century and include hydropower, biomass combustion, geothermal power and heat. These technologies are quite widely used. 타 Second-generation technologies include solar heating and cooling, wind power, modern forms of bioenergy, and solar photovoltaics. These are now entering markets as a result of research, development and demonstration (RD&D) investments since the 1980s.

Initial investment was prompted by energy security concerns linked to the oil crises of the 1970s but the enduring appeal of these technologies is due, at least in part, to environmental benefits. Many of the technologies reflect significant advancements in materials. 타 Third-generation technologies are still under development and include advanced biomass gasification, biorefinery technologies, concentrating solar thermal power, hot-dry-rock geothermal power, and ocean energy. Advances innanotechnology may also play a major role". First-generation technologies are well established, second-generation technologies are entering markets, and third-generation technologies heavily depend on long-term research and development commitments, where the public sector has a role to play.

Renewable energy commercialization involves the deployment of three generations of renewable energy technologies dating back more than 100 years. Firstgeneration technologies, which are already mature and economically competitive, include biomass, hydroelectricity, geothermal power and heat. Second-generation technologies are market-ready and are being deployed at the present time; they include solar heating, photovoltaics, wind power, solar thermal power stations, and modern forms of bioenergy. Third-generation technologies require

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COMMERCIALIZATION sectors. U.S. President Barack Obama's American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 included more than $70 billion in direct spending and tax credits for clean energy and associated transportation programs. Clean Edge suggests that the commercialization of clean energy has helped countries around the world pull out of the 2009 global financial crisis.

As of 2012, renewable energy accounts for almost half of new nameplate electricity capacity installed and costs are continuing to fall. Public policy and political leadership helps to "level the playing field" and drive the wider acceptance of renewable energy technologies. As of 2011, 118 countries have targets for their own renewable energy futures, and have enacted wide-ranging public policies to promote renewable. Climate change concerns are driving increasing growth in the renewable energy industries. Leading renewable energy companies include Bright Source Energy, First Solar, Gamesa, GE Energy, Goldwind, Sinovel, Suntech, Trina Solar, Vestas and Yingli.

continued R&Defforts in order to make large contributions on a global scale and include advanced biomass gasification, hot-dry-rock geothermalpower, and ocean energy.

Total investment in renewable energy reached $257 billion in 2011, up from $211 billion in 2010. The top countries for investment in 2011 were China, Germany, Spain, the United States, Italy, and Brazil. Continued growth for the renewable energy sector and promotional policies helped the industry weather the 2009 economic crisis better than many other

Economic analysts expect market gains for renewable energy (and efficient energy use) following the 2011 Japanese nuclear accidents.

In his 2012 State of the Union address, President Barack Obama restated his commitment to renewable energy and mentioned the long-standing Interior Department commitment to permit 10,000 MW of renewable energy projects on public land in 2012. Globally, there are an estimated 3 million direct jobs in renewable energy industries, with about half of them in the biofuels industry.

According to a 2011 projection by the (IEA) International Energy Agency, solar power generators may produce most of the world's electricity within 50 years, dramatically reducing

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COMMERCIALIZATION

harmful greenhouse gas emissions.

expected that renewable energy investments will pay off economically in the long term.

Global New Investments in Renewable Energy Chart The 150 MW And asol solar power stations a commercial parabolic trough solar thermal power plant, located in Spain.

The And asol plant uses tanks of molten salt to store solar energy so that it can continue generating electricity even when the sun isn't shining.

Rationale for renewables Climate change, pollution, and energy insecurity are significant problems and addressing them requires major changes to energy infrastructures. Renewable energy technologies are essential contributors to the energy supply portfolio, as they contribute to world energy security, reduce dependency on fossil fuels, and provide opportunities for mitigating greenhouse gases. Climatedisrupting fossil fuels are being replaced by clean, climatestabilizing, non-depletable sources of energy: the transition from coal, oil, and gas to wind, solar, and geothermal energy is well under way. In the old economy, energy was produced by burning something - oil, coal, or natural gas leading to the carbon emissions that have come to define our economy. The new energy economy harnesses the energy in wind, the energy coming from the sun, and heat from within the earth itself.

In international public opinion surveys there is strong support for a variety of methods for addressing the problem of energy supply. These methods include promoting renewable sources such as solar power and wind power, requiring utilities to use more renewable energy, and providing tax incentives to encourage the development and use of such technologies. It is

According to Clean Edge, there's little doubt that the future of energy will be cleaner. The transition from carbonintensive energy sources like wood, coal, and oil to natural gas and renewables, is well underway. For much of the developed world, and for developing nations, the "future looks increasingly like it will be built off of a mix of energy efficiency, renewables, the electrification of transport, and lower carbon fuels like natural gas".

A 2010 survey conducted by Applied Materials shows that two-thirds of Americans believe solar technology should play a greater role in meeting the country's energy needs. In addition, "three-quarters of Americans feel that increasing renewable energy and decreasing U.S. dependence on foreign oil are the country's top energy priorities". According to the survey, "67 percent of Americans would be willing to pay more for their monthly utility bill if their utility company increased its use of renewable energy".

In a 2010 Chicago Council on Global Affairs public opinion survey, 91 percent believed "investing in renewable energy" is important for the United States to remain economically competitive with other countries, with 62 percent considering this very important. The same poll found strong support for tax incentives to encourage renewable energy development specifically as a way to reduce foreign energy imports. Eight in ten (80 percent) favored tax incentives, 47 percent strongly, and only 17 percent were opposed.

EU member countries have shown support for ambitious renewable energy goals. In 2010, Eurobarometer polled the

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COMMERCIALIZATION twenty-seven EU member states about the target "to increase the share of renewable energy in the EU by 20 percent by 2020". Most people in all twenty-seven countries either approved of the target or called for it to go further.

Across the EU, 57 percent thought the proposed goal was "about right" and 16 percent thought it was "too modest."

Just 19 percent said it was "too ambitious".

Citing the Fukushima nuclear disaster, environmental activists at the 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference urged bolder steps to tap renewable energy so the world doesn't have to choose between the dangers of nuclear power and the ravages of climate change.

Growth of renewables

Global renewable power capacity excluding hydro

Renewable energy sources were estimated 16.7% of global final energy consumption in 2010. By the end of 2011, total renewable power capacity worldwide exceeded 1,360 GW, up 8%. Of this total, modern renewable energy accounted for an estimated 8.2%, while the share from traditional biomass has declined slightly to an estimated 8.5%. In the power renewables accounted for almost half of the 208 GW of capacity added globally during 2011. Wind and solar photovoltaics (PV) accounted for almost 40% and 30% .

During the five-years from the end of 2004 through 2009, worldwide renewable energy capacity grew at rates of 10-60 percent annually for many technologies. In 2011, UN undersecretary general Achim Steiner said: "The continuing growth in this core segment of the green economy is not happening by chance. The combination of government target-setting, policy support and stimulus funds is underpinning the renewable industry's rise and bringing the much needed transformation of our global energy system within reach." He added: "Renewable energies are expanding both in terms of investment, projects and geographical spread. In doing so, they are making an increasing contribution to combating climate change, countering energy poverty and energy insecurity".

In 2008 for the first time, more renewable energy than conventional power capacity was added in both the European Union and United States, demonstrating a "fundamental transition" of the world's energy markets towards renewables, according to a report released by REN21, a global renewable energy policy network based in Paris. In 2010, renewable power consisted about a third of the newly built power generation capacities.

According to a 2011 projection by the International Energy Agency, solar power plants may produce most of the world's electricity within 50 years, significantly reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases that harm the environment.

The IEA has said: "Photovoltaic and solar-thermal plants may meet most of the world's demand for electricity by 2060 -and half of all energy needs -- with wind, hydropower and biomass plants supplying much of the remaining generation". "Photovoltaic and concentrated solar power together can become the major source of electricity".

Renewable power generation and capacity as a proportion of change in global power supply.

However, the International Energy Agency projection may be very pessimistic since official agencies keep underestimating the growth rate of renewables. A report based on the 2012 BP Statistical Review shows an exponential growth in global solar consumption from 2001 to end 2011, with an approximate doubling of consumption every two years. This

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COMMERCIALIZATION raises the possibility that solar power could reach 10% of total global power generation by the end of this decade. To accomplish this gain in primary energy share, solar will need to advance from the 55.7 TWh consumption figure of 2011

to approximately 2200 TWh. At current exponential growth rates, those levels could be achieved as early as 2018. Solar would provide 100 percent of the current world energy needs by 2027 if exponential consumption continues.

Selected Renewable Energy Indicators

Economic trends Renewable energy technologies are getting cheaper, through technological change and through the benefits of mass production and market competition. A 2011 IEA report said: "A portfolio of renewable energy technologies is becoming cost-competitive in an increasingly broad range of circumstances, in some cases providing investment opportunities without the need for specific economic support," and added that "cost reductions in critical

technologies, such as wind and solar, are set to continue." As of 2011, there have been substantial reductions in the cost of solar and wind technologies: The price of PV modules per MW has fallen by 60 percent since the summer of 2008, according to Bloomberg New Energy Finance estimates, putting solar power for the first time on a competitive footing with the retail price of electricity in a number of sunny countries. Wind turbine prices have also fallen - by 18 percent per MW in the last two years - reflecting, as with solar, fierce competition in the supply chain. Further improvements in the levelised cost of energy for solar, wind and other technologies lie ahead, posing a growing threat to the dominance of fossil fuel generation sources in the next few years.

Hydro-electricity and geothermal electricity produced at favourable sites are now the cheapest way to generate electricity. Renewable energy costs continue to drop, and the levelised cost of electricity (LCOE) is declining for wind power, solar photovoltaic (PV), concentrated solar power (CSP) and some biomass technologies.

Renewable energy is also the most economic

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COMMERCIALIZATION solution for new grid-connected capacity in areas with good resources. As the cost of renewable power falls, the scope of economically viable applications increases. Renewable technologies are now often the most economic solution for new generating capacity. Where "oil-fired generation is the predominant power generation source (e.g. on islands, offgrid and in some countries) a lower-cost renewable solution almost always exists today". Indicative, levelised, economic costs for renewable power (exclusive of subsidies or policy incentives) are shown in the Table below.

agricultural, and industrial organic wastes. However, the industry has remained relatively stagnant over the decade to 2007, even though demand for biomass (mostly wood) continues to grow in many developing countries. One of the problems of biomass is that material directly combusted in cook stoves produces pollutants, leading to severe health and environmental consequences, although improved cook stove programmes are alleviating some of these effects.

First-generation biomass technologies can be economically competitive, but may still require deployment support to overcome public acceptance and small-scale issues.

Renewable power generation costs 2010 Power generator

Typical cha racteristics

Typical electricity costs (U.S. cents/kWh)

Large hydro

Plant size: 10 - 18,000 MW

3-5

Small hydro

Plant size: 1 -10 MW

5-12

Onshore wind

Turbine size: 1.5 - 3.5 MW

5-9

Offshore wind

Turbine size: 1.5 - 5 MW

10-14

Biomass power

Plant size: 1-20 MW

5-12

Geothermal power

Plant size: 1 -100 MW

4-7

Rooftop solar PV

Peak capacity: 2 -5 kilowatts -peak 20-50

Utility-scale solar PV

Peak capacity: 200 kW to 100MW 15-30

Concentrating solar thermal power (CSP) 50-500 MW trough

14-18

As of 2012, renewable power generation technologies accounted for around half of all new power generation capacity additions globally. In 2011, additions included 41 gigawatt (GW) of new wind power capacity, 30 GW of PV, 25 GW of hydro-electricity, 6 GW of biomass, 0.5 GW of CSP, and 0.1 GW of geothermal power.

First-generation technologies First-generation technologies are widely used in locations with abundant resources. Their future use depends on the exploration of the remaining resource potential, particularly in developing countries, and on overcoming challenges related to the environment and social acceptance.

Biomass Biomass for heat and power is a fully mature technology which offers a ready disposal mechanism for municipal,

Biomass heating plant in Austria. The total heat power is about 1000 kW.

Hydroelectricity Hydroelectricity is the term referring to electricity generated by hydropower; the production of electrical power through the use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water. It is the most widely used form of renewable energy, accounting for 16 percent of global electricity generation 3,427 terawatt-hours of electricity production in 2010, and is expected to increase about 3.1% each year for the next 25

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COMMERCIALIZATION years. Hydroelectric plants have the advantage of being longlived and many existing plants have operated for more than 100 years.

world leader in terms of installed capacity, representing 3.1 GW. Other countries with significant installed capacity include the Philippines (1.9 GW), Indonesia (1.2 GW),

The Hoover Dam when completed in 1936 was both the world's largest electric-power generating station and the world's largest concrete structure.

Hydro power is produced in 150 countries, with the AsiaPacific region generating 32 percent of global hydro power in 2010. China is the largest hydroelectricity producer, with 721 terawatt-hours of production in 2010, representing around 17 percent of domestic electricity use. There are now three hydroelectricity plants larger than 10 GW: the Three Gorges Dam in China, Itaipu Dam across the Brazil/Paraguay border, and Guri Dam in Venezuela. The cost of hydroelectricity is low, making it a competitive source of renewable electricity.

The average cost of electricity from a hydro plant larger than 10 megawatts is 3 to 5 U.S. cents per kilowatt-hour.

Geothermal power and heat Geothermal power plants can operate 24 hours per day, providing baseload capacity. Estimates for the world potential capacity for geothermal power generation vary widely, ranging from 40 GW by 2020 to as much as 6,000 GW. Geothermal power capacity grew from around 1 GW in 1975 to almost 10 GW in 2008. The United States is the

One of many power plants at The Geysers, a geothermal power field in northern California, with a total output of over 750 MW

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COMMERCIALIZATION Mexico (1.0 GW), Italy (0.8 GW), Iceland (0.6 GW), Japan (0.5 GW), and New Zealand (0.5 GW). In some countries, geothermal power accounts for a significant share of the total electricity supply, such as in the Philippines, where geothermal represented 17 percent of the total power mix at the end of 2008.

Geothermal (ground source) heat pumps represented an estimated 30 GWth of installed capacity at the end of 2008, with other direct uses of geothermal heat (i.e., for space heating, agricultural drying and other uses) reaching an estimated 15 GWth. As of 2008, at least 76 countries use direct geothermal energy in some form.

technology and generally consist of solar thermal collectors, a fluid system to move the heat from the collector to its point of usage, and a reservoir or tank for heat storage. The systems may be used to heat domestic hot water, swimming pools, or homes and businesses. The heat can also be used for industrial process applications or as an energy input for other uses such as cooling equipment.

In many warmer climates, a solar heating system can provide a very high percentage (50 to 75%) of domestic hot water energy. As of 2009, China has 27 million rooftop solar water heaters.

Second-generation technologies Markets for second-generation technologies have been strong and growing over the past decade, and these technologies have gone from being a passion for the dedicated few to a major economic sector in countries such as Germany, Spain, the United States, and Japan. Many large industrial companies and financial institutions are involved and the challenge is to broaden the market base for continued growth worldwide.

Solar Heating Solar heating systems are a well known second-generation

Nellis Solar Power Plant at Nellis Air Force Base. These panels track the sun in one axis.

Solar energy technologies, such as solar water heaters, located on or near the buildings which they supply with energy, are a prime example of a soft energy technology.

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COMMERCIALIZATION Photovoltaics 19 MW solar park in Germany.

Photovoltaic (PV) cells, also called solar cells, convert light into

There are also many large plants under construction. The Desert Sunlight Solar Farm under construction in Riverside County, California and Topaz Solar Farm being built in San Luis Obispo County, California are both 550 MW solar parks that will use thin-film solar photovoltaic modules made by First Solar. The Blythe Solar Power Project is a 500 MW photovoltaic station under construction in Riverside County, California. The California Valley Solar Ranch (CVSR) is a 250 megawatt (MW) solar photovoltaic power plant, which is being built by SunPower in the Carrizo Plain, northeast of California Valley. The 230 MW Antelope Valley Solar Ranch is a First Solar photovoltaic project which is under construction in the Antelope Valley area of the President Barack Obama speaks at theDeSoto Next Generation Solar Energy Center.

Western Mojave Desert, and due to be completed in 2013. The electricity. In the 1980s and early 1990s, most photovoltaic Mesquite Solar project is a photovoltaic solar power plant modules were used to provide remote-area power supply, but being built in Arlington, Maricopa County, Arizona, owned by from around 1995, industry efforts have focused increasingly Sempra Generation. Phase 1 will have a nameplate capacity on developing building integrated photovoltaics and of 150 megawatts. photovoltaic power stations for grid connected applications.

In particularly sunny regions such as the Middle East, North Africa, the southern USA, south Spain, India, and parts of China, modern solar modules are close to achieving grid parity. And in countries situated further to the north such as Germany, France, and the Czech Republic, grid parity is expected by 2015. Falling technology prices and the rising costs of fossil fuels are making photovoltaic (PV) power plants increasingly attractive for large investors.

Many solar photovoltaic power stations have been built, mainly in Europe.[53] As of July 2012, the largest photovoltaic (PV) power plants in the world are the Agua Caliente Solar Project(USA, 247 MW), Charanka Solar Park (India, 214 MW), Golmud Solar Park (China, 200 MW), Perovo Solar Park (Ukraine 100 MW), Sarnia Photovoltaic Power Plant (Canada, 97 MW),Brandenburg-Briest Solarpark (Germany 91 MW), Solar park Finow Tower (Germany 84.7 MW), Monsanto di Castro Photovoltaic Power Station (Italy, 84.2 MW), Eggebek Solar Park(Germany 83.6 MW), Senftenberg Solarpark (Germany 82 MW), Finsterwalde Solar Park (Germany, 80.7 MW), Okhotnykovo Solar Park (Ukraine, 80 MW), Lopburi Solar Farm(Thailand 73.16 MW), Rovigo Photovoltaic Power Plant (Italy, 72 MW), and the Lieberose Photovoltaic Park (Germany, 71.8 MW).

Many of these plants are integrated with agriculture and some use innovative tracking systems that follow the sun's daily path across the sky to generate more electricity than conventional fixed-mounted systems. There are no fuel costs or emissions during operation of the power stations.

Wind power Some of the second-generation renewables, such as wind power, have high potential and have already realised relatively low production costs. Global wind power

installations increased by 35,800 MW in 2010, bringing total installed capacity up to 194,400 MW, a 22.5% increase on

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COMMERCIALIZATION the 158,700 MW installed at the end of 2009. The increase for 2010 represents investments totalling €47.3 billion (US$65 billion) and for the first time more than half of all

new wind power was added outside of the traditional markets of Europe and North America, mainly driven, by the continuing boom in China which accounted for nearly half of

Landowners in the US typically receive $3,000 to $5,000 per year in rental income from each wind turbine while farmers continue to grow crops or graze cattle up to the foot of the turbines.

World's largest onshore wind farms

all of the installations at 16,500 MW. China now has 42,300 MW of wind power installed. Wind power accounts for approximately 19% of electricity generated in Denmark, 9% in Spain and Portugal, and 6% in Germany and the Republic of Ireland. These are some of the largest wind farms in the world, as of 2012.

There are many large wind farms under construction and these include Anholt Offshore Wind Farm (400 MW), BARD Offshore 1 (400 MW), Clyde Wind Farm (548 MW), Fântânele-Cogealac Wind Farm (600 MW), Greater Gabbard wind farm (500 MW), Lincs Wind Farm (270 MW), London Array (1000 MW), Lower Snake River Wind Project (343 MW),Shepherds Flat Wind Farm (845 MW), Sheringham Shoal (317 MW), and the Walney Wind Farm (367 MW).

Solar thermal power stations Solar thermal power stations include the 354 megawatt (MW) Solar Energy Generating Systems power plant in the USA, Solnova Solar Power Station (Spain, 150 MW), Andasol solar power station (Spain, 100 MW), Nevada Solar One (USA, 64 MW), PS20 solar power tower (Spain, 20 MW), and the PS10 solar power tower (Spain, 11 MW). The 370 MW Ivanpah Solar Power Facility, located in California's Mojave Desert, is the world's largest solar-thermal power plant project currently under construction. Many other plants are under construction or planned, mainly in Spain and the USA.

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COMMERCIALIZATION

View of Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System from Yates Well Road, San Bernadino County, California. The Clark Mountain Range can be seen in the distance.

In developing countries, three World Bank projects for integrated solar thermal/combined-cycle gas-turbine power plants inEgypt, Mexico, and Morocco have been approved.

Modern forms of Bioenergy

Global ethanol production for transport fuel tripled between 2000 and 2007 from 17 billion to more than 52 billion litres, while biodieselexpanded more than tenfold from less than 1 billion to almost 11 billion litres. Biofuels provide 1.8% of the world's transport fuel and recent estimates indicate a continued high growth. The main producing countries for transport biofuels are the USA, Brazil, and the EU. Brazil has one of the largest renewable energy programs in the world, involving production of ethanol fuel from sugar cane, and ethanol now provides 18 percent of the country's

automotive fuel. As a result of this and the exploitation of domestic deep water oil sources, Brazil, which for years had to import a large share of the petroleum needed for domestic consumption, recently reached complete selfsufficiency in liquid fuels.

Information on pump, California Nearly all the gasoline sold in the United States today is mixed with 10 percent ethanol, a mix known as E10, and motor vehicle manufacturers already produce vehicles designed to run on much higher ethanol blends.

Ford, DaimlerChrysler, and GM are among the automobile companies that sell flexible-fuel cars, trucks, and minivans that can use gasoline and ethanol blends ranging from pure gasoline up to 85% ethanol (E85). The challenge is to expand the market for biofuels beyond the farm states where they have been most popular to date.

The Energy Policy Act of 2005, which Solar Towers from left: PS10, Ps20 calls for 7.5 billion US gallons (28,000,000 m3) of biofuels to be used annually by 2012, will also help to expand the market.

The growing ethanol and biodiesel industries are providing jobs in plant construction, operations, and maintenance, mostly in rural communities. According to the Renewable Fuels Association, "the ethanol industry created almost 154,000 U.S. jobs in 2005 alone, boosting household income by $5.7 billion. It also contributed about $3.5 billion in tax revenues at the local, state, and federal levels".

Third-generation technologies Third-generation renewable energy technologies are still

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COMMERCIALIZATION under development and include advanced biomass gasification, biorefinery technologies, hot-dry-rock geothermal power, and ocean energy. Third-generation

bigger role in the future than organizations such as the IEA previously thought. Cellulosic ethanol can be made from plant matter composed primarily of inedible cellulose fibers that form the stems and branches of most plants.

Crop residues (such as corn stalks, wheat straw and rice straw), wood waste, and municipal solid waste are potential sources of cellulosic biomass. Dedicated energy crops, such asswitchgrass, are also promising cellulose sources that can be sustainably produced in many regions.

Neat ethanol on the left (A) gasoline on the right (G) at a filling station in Brazil.

technologies are not yet widely demonstrated or have limited commercialization. Many are on the horizon and may have potential comparable to other renewable energy technologies, but still depend on attracting sufficient attention and research and development funding.

According to the International Energy Agency, cellulosic ethanol biorefineries could allow biofuels to play a much

New bioenergy technologies Selected Commercial Cellulosic Ethanol Plants in the U.S. (Operational or under construction)

Ocean energy Ocean energy is all forms of renewable energy derived from the sea including wave energy, tidal energy, river current, ocean current energy, offshore wind, salinity gradient energy and ocean thermal gradient energy.

The Rance Tidal Power Station (240 MW) is the world's first tidal power station. The facility is located on the estuary of the Rance River, in Brittany, France. Opened on the 26th November 1966, it is currently operated by Ă&#x2030;lectricitĂŠ de France, and is the largest tidal power station in the world, in terms of installed capacity.

First proposed more than thirty years ago, systems to harvest utility-scale electrical power from ocean waves have recently been gaining momentum as a viable technology.

The potential for this technology is considered promising, especially on west-facing coasts with latitudes between 40 and 60 degrees: In the United Kingdom, for example, the Carbon Trust recently estimated the extent of the economically viable offshore resource at 55 TWh per year, about 14% of current national demand. Across Europe, the technologically achievable resource has been estimated to be at least 280 TWh per year. In 2003, the U.S. Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) estimated the viable resource in the United States at 255 TWh per year (6% of demand).

There are currently nine projects, completed or indevelopment, off the coasts of the United Kingdom, United States, Spain and Australia to harness the rise and fall of waves by Ocean Power Technologies. The current maximum power output is 1.5 MW (Reedsport, Oregon), with development underway for 100 MW (Coos Bay, Oregon).

Enhanced geothermal systems As of 2008, geothermal power development was under way in more than 40 countries, partially attributable to

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COMMERCIALIZATION Wind power companies As of 2010, Vestas (from Denmark) is the world's top wind turbine manufacturer in terms of percentage of market volume, and Sinovel (from China) is in second place.

Together Vestas and Sinovel delivered 10,228 MW of new wind power capacity in 2010, and their market share was 25.9 percent. GE Energy (USA) was in third place, closely followed by Goldwind, another Chinese supplier. German Enercon ranks fifth in the world, and is followed in sixth place by Indian-based Suzlon.

Photovoltaic companies The solar PV market has been growing for the past few years. According to solar PV research company, PVinsights, worldwide shipment of solar modules in 2011 was around 25 GW, and the shipment year over year growth was around 40%. The top 5 solar module players in 2011 in turns are Suntech, First Solar, Yingli, Trina, and Canadian. The top 5 solar module companies possessed 51.3% market share of solar modules, according to PVinsights' market intelligence report.

A Vestas wind turbine

the development of new technologies, such as Enhanced Geothermal Systems. The development of binary cycle power plants and improvements in drilling and extraction technology may enable enhanced geothermal systems over a much greater geographical range than "traditional" Geothermal systems. Demonstration EGS projects are operational in the USA, Australia, Germany, France, and The United Kingdom.

Renewable energy industry Total investment in renewable energy reached $211 billion in 2010, up from $160 billion in 2009. The top countries for investment in 2010 were China, Germany, the United States, Italy, and Brazil. Continued growth for the renewable energy sector is expected and promotional policies helped the industry weather the 2009 economic crisis better than many other sectors.

Monocrystalline solar cell

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COMMERCIALIZATION Non-technical barriers to acceptance Current energy markets, institutions, and policies have been developed to support the production and use of fossil fuels.

Newer and cleaner technologies may offer social and environmental benefits, but utility operators often reject renewable resources because they are trained to think only 2011 Ranking

Marketshare

Solar Module Company

2010 ranking

Marketshare Country

1

5.8%

Suntech

1

8.1%

China

2

5.7%

First Solar

2

7.9%

USA

3

4.8%

Yingli Solar

4

6.4%

China

4

4.3%

Trina Solar

5

6.1%

China

5

4.0%

Sungen Solar

6

5.3%

China

Japan

Philippines

6

2.8%

Sharp

3

[89]

7

2.8%

Sunpower

8

[89]

8

2.7%

Hanwha Solarone

7

[89]

9

2.3%

Jinko

>10

[89]

China

10

1.9%

REC

10

[89]

Norway

includes difficulty introducing innovative energy systems, particularly for distributed generation such as photovoltaics, because of technological lock-in, electricity markets designed for centralized power plants, and market control by established operators. As the Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change points out: National grids are usually tailored towards the operation of centralised power plants and thus favour their performance.

Technologies that do not easily fit into these networks may struggle to enter the market, even if the technology itself is commercially viable. This applies to distributed generation as most grids are not suited to receive electricity from many small sources. Large-scale renewables may also encounter problems if they are sited in areas far from existing grids. Ÿ Lack of government policy support, which includes the

South Korea

Source[90][91]

Ÿ Ÿ

in terms of big, conventional power plants. Consumers often ignore renewable power systems because they are not given accurate price signals about electricity consumption.

Intentional market distortions (such as subsidies), and unintentional market distortions (such as split incentives) may work against renewables. Benjamin K. Sovacool has argued that "some of the most surreptitious, yet powerful, impediments facing renewable energy and energy efficiency in the United States are more about culture and institutions than engineering and science".

The obstacles to the widespread commercialization of renewable energy technologies are primarily political, not technical, and there have been many studies which have identified a range of "non-technical barriers" to renewable energy use. These barriers are impediments which put renewable energy at a marketing, institutional, or policy disadvantage relative to other forms of energy. Key barriers include:

Ÿ

Ÿ

Ÿ

Ÿ Ÿ Ÿ

Difficulty overcoming established energy systems, which

lack of policies and regulations supporting deployment of renewable energy technologies and the presence of policies and regulations hindering renewable energy development and supporting conventional energy development. Examples include subsidies for fossil-fuels, insufficient consumer-based renewable energy incentives, government underwriting for nuclear plant accidents, and complex zoning and permitting processes for renewable energy.

Lack of information dissemination and consumer awareness.

Higher capital cost of renewable energy technologies compared with conventional energy technologies.

Inadequate financing options for renewable energy projects, including insufficient access to affordable financing for project developers, entrepreneurs and consumers.

Imperfect capital markets, which includes failure to internalize all costs of conventional energy (e.g., effects of air pollution, risk of supply disruption) and failure to internalize all benefits of renewable energy (e.g., cleaner air, energy security).

Inadequate workforce skills and training, which includes lack of adequate scientific, technical, and manufacturing skills required for renewable energy production; lack of reliable installation, maintenance, and inspection services; and failure of the educational system to provide adequate training in new technologies.

Lack of adequate codes, standards, utility interconnection, and net-metering guidelines.

Poor public perception of renewable energy system aesthetics.

Lack of stakeholder/community participation and co-operation in energy choices and renewable energy projects.

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COMMERCIALIZATION With such a wide range of non-technical barriers, there is no "silver bullet" solution to drive the transition to renewable energy. So ideally there is a need for several different types of policy instruments to complement each other and overcome different types of barriers.

A policy framework must be created that will level the playing field and redress the imbalance of traditional approaches associated with fossil fuels. The policy landscape must keep pace with broad trends within the energy sector, as well as reflecting specific social, economic and environmental priorities.

Public policy landscape Public policy has a role to play in renewable energy commercialization because the free market system has some fundamental limitations. As the Stern Review points out: In a liberalised energy market, investors, operators and consumers should face the full cost of their decisions. But this is not the case in many economies or energy sectors.

Many policies distort the market in favour of existing fossil fuel technologies.

The International Solar Energy Society has stated that "historical incentives for the conventional energy resources continue even today to bias markets by burying many of the real societal costs of their use".

Fossil-fuel energy systems have different production, transmission, and end-use costs and characteristics than do renewable energy systems, and new promotional policies are needed to ensure that renewable systems develop as quickly and broadly as is socially desirable.

renewable technologies. Several Western European countries are already shifting taxes in a process known there as environmental tax reform.

A four-year plan adopted in Germany in 1999 gradually shifted taxes from labor to energy and, by 2001, this plan had lowered fuel use by 5 percent. It had also increased renewable energy sector growth, creating some 45,400 jobs by 2003 in the wind power industry alone, a number that is projected to rise to 103,000 by 2010. In 2001, Sweden launched a new 10-year environmental tax shift designed to convert 30 billion kroner ($3.9 billion) of income taxes to taxes on environmentally destructive activities. Other European countries with significant tax reform efforts are France, Italy, Norway, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Asia's two leading economies, Japan and China, are considering carbon taxes.

Shifting subsidies Just as there is a need for tax shifting, there is also a need for subsidy shifting. Subsidies are not an inherently bad thing as many technologies and industries emerged through government subsidy schemes. The Stern Review explains that of 20 key innovations from the past 30 years, only one of the 14 was funded entirely by the private sector and nine were totally publicly funded. In terms of specific examples, the Internet was the result of publicly funded links among computers in government laboratories and research institutes. And the combination of the federal tax deduction and a robust state tax deduction in California helped to create the modern wind power industry.

Lester Brown states that the market "does not incorporate the indirect costs of providing goods or services into prices, it does not value nature's services adequately, and it does not respect the sustainable-yield thresholds of natural systems".

It also favors the near term over the long term, thereby showing limited concern for future generations. Tax and subsidy shifting can help overcome these problems.

Lester Brown has argued that "a world facing the prospect of economically disruptive climate change can no longer justify subsidies to expand the burning of coal and oil. Shifting these subsidies to the development of climate-benign energy sources such as wind, solar, biomass, and geothermal power is the key to stabilizing the earth's climate." The International Solar Energy Society advocates "leveling the playing field" by redressing the continuing inequities in public subsidies of energy technologies and R&D, in which the fossil fuel and nuclear power receive the largest share of financial support.

Shifting taxes Tax shifting has been widely discussed and endorsed by economists. It involves lowering income taxes while raising levies on environmentally destructive activities, in order to create a more responsive market. For example, a tax on coal that included the increased health care costs associated with breathing polluted air, the costs of acid rain damage, and the costs of climate disruption would encourage investment in

Some countries are eliminating or reducing climate disrupting subsidies and Belgium, France, and Japan have phased out all subsidies for coal. Germany is reducing its coal subsidy. The subsidy dropped from $5.4 billion in 1989 to $2.8 billion in 2002, and in the process Germany lowered its coal use by 46 percent. China cut its coal subsidy from $750 million in 1993 to $240 million in 1995 and more recently has imposed a high-sulfur coal tax. However, the United

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COMMERCIALIZATION States has been increasing its support for the fossil fuel and nuclear industries.

In November 2011, an IEA report entitled Deploying Renewables 2011 said "subsidies in green energy technologies that were not yet competitive are justified in order to give an incentive to investing into technologies with clear environmental and energy security benefits". The IEA's report disagreed with claims that renewable energy technologies are only viable through costly subsidies and not able to produce energy reliably to meet demand.

Renewable energy targets Setting national renewable energy targets can be an important part of a renewable energy policy and these targets are usually defined as a percentage of the primary energy and/or electricity generation mix. For example, the European Union has prescribed an indicative renewable energy target of 12 per cent of the total EU energy mix and 22 per cent of electricity consumption by 2010. National targets for individual EU Member States have also been set to meet the overall target. Other developed countries with defined national or regional targets include Australia, Canada, Israel, Japan, Korea, New Zealand, Norway, Singapore, Switzerland, and some US States.

affordable energy". 타 "Third, governments must develop policy frameworks

that encourage private sector investment in lower-carbon energy options".

Green stimulus programs In response to the global financial crisis in the late 2000s, the world's major governments made "green stimulus" programs one of their main policy instruments for supporting economic recovery. Some US$188 billion in green stimulus funding had been allocated to renewable energy and energy efficiency, to be spent mainly in 2010 and in 2011.

Renewable energy targets in most countries are indicative and non binding but they have assisted government actions and regulatory frameworks. The United Nations Environment Program has suggested that making renewable energy targets legally binding could be an important policy tool to achieve higher renewable energy market penetration.

Energy Sector Regulation Public policy determines the extent to which renewable energy (RE) is to be incorporated into a developed or developing country's generation mix. Energy sector regulators implement that policy-thus affecting the pace and pattern of RE investments and connections to the grid.

Energy regulators often have authority to carry out a number of functions that have implications for the financial feasibility of renewable energy projects. Such functions include issuing licenses, setting performance standards, monitoring the performance of regulated firms, determining the price level and structure of tariffs, establishing uniform systems of accounts, arbitrating stakeholder disputes (like interconnection cost allocations), performing management audits, developing agency human resources (expertise), reporting sector and commission activities to government authorities, and coordinating decisions with other government agencies. Thus, regulators make a wide range of decisions that affect the financial outcomes associated with RE investments. In addition, the sector regulator is in a position to give advice to the government regarding the full implications of focusing on climate change or energy security. The energy sector regulator is the natural advocate for efficiency and cost-containment throughout the process of designing and implementing RE policies. Since policies are not self-implementing, energy sector regulators become a key facilitator (or blocker) of renewable energy investments.

Leveling the playing field The IEA has identified three actions which will allow renewable energy and other clean energy technologies to "more effectively compete for private sector capital": 타 "First, energy prices must appropriately reflect the "true cost" of energy (e.g. through carbon pricing) so that the positive and negative impacts of energy production and consumption are fully taken into account". 타 "Second, inefficient fossil fuel subsidies must be removed, while ensuring that all citizens have access to

Voluntary market mechanisms for renewable electricity Voluntary markets, also referred to as green power markets, are driven by consumer preference. Voluntary markets allow a consumer to choose to do more than policy decisions require and reduce the environmental impact of their electricity use. Voluntary green power products must offer a significant benefit and value to buyers to be successful.

Benefits may include zero or reduced greenhouse gas emissions, other pollution reductions or other environmental improvements on power stations.

National targets are also an important component of renewable energy strategies in some developing countries.

Developing countries with renewable energy targets include China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, Brazil, Egypt, Mali, and South Africa. The targets set by many developing countries are quite modest when compared with those in some industrialized countries.

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COMMERCIALIZATION The driving force behind voluntary green electricity within the EU are the liberalized electricity markets and the RES Directive. According to the directive the EU Member States must ensure that the origin of electricity produced from renewables can be guaranteed and therefore a "guarantee of origin" must be issued. Environmental organisations are using the voluntary market to create new renewables and improving sustainability of the existing power production. In the US the main tool to track and stimulate voluntary actions is Green-e program managed by Center for Resource Solutions. In Europe the main voluntary tool used by the NGOs to promote sustainable electricity production is EKOenergy label.

Recent developments A number of events in 2006 pushed renewable energy up the political agenda, including the US mid-term elections in

and increasing government support are driving increasing rates of investment in the renewable energy and energy efficiency industries.

Investment capital flowing into renewable energy reached a record US$77 billion in 2007, with the upward trend continuing in 2008. The OECD still dominates, but there is now increasing activity from companies in China, India and Brazil. Chinese companies were the second largest recipient of venture capital in 2006 after the United States. In the same year, India was the largest net buyer of companies abroad, mainly in the more established European markets.

New government spending, regulation, and policies helped the industry weather the 2009 economic crisis better than many other sectors. Most notably, U.S. President Barack Obama's American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

Projected renewable energy investment growth globally (2007-2017) November, which confirmed clean energy as a mainstream issue. Also in 2006, the Stern Review made a strong economic case for investing in low carbon technologies now, and argued that economic growth need not be incompatible with cutting energy consumption. According to a trend analysis from the United Nations Environment Programme, climate change concerns coupled with recent high oil prices

included more than $70 billion in direct spending and tax credits for clean energy and associated transportation programs. This policy-stimulus combination represents the largest federal commitment in U.S. history for renewables, advanced transportation, and energy conservation initiatives.

Based on these new rules, many more utilities strengthened their clean-energy programs. Clean Edge suggests that the

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COMMERCIALIZATION

commercialization of clean energy will help countries around the world deal with the current economic malaise.

Once-promising solar energy company, Solyndra, became involved in a political controversy involving U.S. President Barack Obama's administration's authorization of a $535 million loan guarantee to the Corporation in 2009 as part of a program to promote alternative energy growth. The company ceased all business activity, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy, and laid-off nearly all of its employees in early September 2011. Critics claimed that the Obama administration may have unduly influenced the loan. United Nations' Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has said that "renewable energy has the ability to lift the poorest nations to new levels of prosperity".In October 2011, he "announced the creation of a high-level group to drum up support for energy access, energy efficiency and greater use of renewable energy. The group is to be co-chaired by Kandeh Yumkella, the chair of UN Energy and director general of the UN Industrial Development Organisation, and Charles Holliday, chairman of Bank of America".

In his January 24, 2012, State of the Union address, President Barack Obama restated his commitment to renewable

energy. Obama said that he "will not walk away from the promise of clean energy." Obama called for a commitment by the Defense Department to purchase 1,000 MW of renewable energy. He also mentioned the long-standing Interior Department commitment to permit 10,000 MW of renewable energy projects on public land in 2012.

As of 2012, renewable energy plays a major role in the energy mix of many countries globally. Renewables are becoming increasingly economic in both developing and developed countries. Prices for renewable energy technologies, primarily wind power and solar power, continued to drop, making renewables competitive with conventional energy sources. Without a level playing field, however, high market penetration of renewables is still dependent on a robust promotional policies. Fossil fuel subsidies, which are far higher than those for renewable energy, remain in place and quickly need to be phased out.

100% renewable energy The incentive to use 100% renewable energy has been created by global warming and other ecological as well as economic concerns. Renewable energy use has grown much

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COMMERCIALIZATION faster than anyone anticipated. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has said that there are few fundamental technological limits to integrating a portfolio of renewable energy technologies to meet most of total global energy

feasible and existing energy supply arrangements could be replaced by 2050. Barriers to implementing the renewable energy plan are seen to be "primarily social and political, not technological or economic". Jacobson says that energy costs with a wind, solar, water system should be similar to today's energy costs. Critics of the "100% renewable energy" approach includeVaclav Smil and James E. Hansen.

Sustainable energy Moving towards energy sustainability will require changes not only in the way energy is supplied, but in the way it is used, and reducing the amount of energy required to deliver various goods or services is essential. Opportunities for improvement on the demand side of the energy equation are as rich and diverse as those on the supply side, and often offer significant economic benefits.

Growth of wind and solar power demand. Mark Z. Jacobson says producing all new energy with wind power, solar power, and hydropower by 2030 is

A sustainable energy economy requires commitments to both renewables and efficiency. Renewable energy and energy efficiency are said to be the "twin pillars" of sustainable energy policy. The American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy has explained that both resources must be developed in order to stabilize and reduce carbon dioxide emissions: Efficiency is essential to slowing the energy demand growth so that rising clean energy supplies can make deep cuts in fossil fuel use. If energy use grows too fast, renewable energy development will chase a receding target. Likewise, unless clean energy supplies come online rapidly, slowing demand growth will only begin to reduce total emissions; reducing the carbon content of energy sources is also needed.

The IEA has stated that renewable energy and energy efficiency policies are complementary tools for the development of a sustainable energy future, and should be developed together instead of being developed in isolation. www.wikipedia.org

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COMPANY PROFILE

Valka Vasu Energy: Lighting the Path Ahead India's largest lighting company Valka Vasu Energy Pvt. Ltd. is a pioneer in lighting industry to have implemented the concept of total quality management. It operates in business areas of

residential, retail, industrial projects, hospitality sector, public lighting and government tenders. Company's well known brand Valka is a reputed brand name in compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFL), LED lights, Decorative Lights, Ceiling Fans, Table Fans, Pedestal Fans, Geyser, Solar and other lighting products.

Fancy lights and others are in the list of innovations.

The company specialises in the manufacture of CFL's which save energy upto 80% and hence, are cost effective. In the past 50 years many houses have been built but the number of transformers has not increased proportionately. The use of CFL reduces not only the electricity bill but also saves power faults and tripping. The use of CFL also helps reducing global warming as well.

lighting and home appliances and is an ISO 9001: 2008 & CE certified diversified electric company focused on improving people's lines through timely innovations. This fast growing lighting company is geared up to provide total lighting solutions to its customers.

Valka is a part of practically every Indian's life. As a global leader in lighting, Valka is driving the switch to energy efficient solutions. The company has an excellent pan India distribution.

Valka Vasu Energy Pvt. Ltd. provides advanced energy efficient solutions. For all segments road lighting, office and industrial, hospitality and home. Launching with a comprehensive product range, the company is capable of catering to

The company believes that this success could not have been possible without the cooperation and the extended support of its valued partners. Very soon the company is going to launch solar lighting products and invertors.

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JAIPUR METRO

The Dawn of A New Public Transport Era in Rajasthan founded. The people of the state have seen various stages of transition in transport system since the days of bullock carts and camels. After independence there has been gradual development of road, air and rail transportation and Metro rail is a special gift to the public from the present government. It is a revolutionary step which will pave the way for the development of public transport in the state.

Phase I A: East West Corridor: The first phase A of the project is the 9.718 kms long east -west corridor from Mansarovar to Chadpole which is nearing completion. The speed, at which this project is progressing with the help of Delhi Metro, is an example in the metro projects of the country. Under first phase B, 2.349 kms underground railway track will be built from Chandpole to Bari Chaupar. In the first phase there will be in all 8 elevated stations ( Mansarovar, New Atish Market, Vivek Vihar, Shyam Nagar, Ram Nagar, Civil Lines, Railway Station, Sindhi Camp) and 3 underground stations ( Chandpole, Chhoti Chaupar and Badi Chaupar)

The state of Rajasthan has progressed leaps and bounds in the past 4 ½ years under the able leadership of the Chief Minister Shri Ashok Gehlot. Jaipur Metro is an example of his dedication towards overall progress of the state and it is the dawn of a new era in public transport system. In keeping up with the charging times, this long term vision will open the doors of this world class transport system in other cities of Rajasthan as well. Metro is a glorious project for providing world class transport facilities to the common man.

A New Milestone: This Rs. 9732 crores Metro project is a milestone in t he road to progress that the state has made since it was

Phase II: North- South Corridor The second phase of the project is the north -south corridor. It is proposed to be 23.099 kms from Ambabari to Sitapura and the estimated cost of Rs.6583 crores.

First fully indigenous Metro: Jaipur Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. has entrusted the work of building 40 coaches for 10 trains under the first phase of Rs.3149 crores to Bharat Earthmovers Ltd., Bangluru and will cost approximately Rs.500 crores. One train will have four coaches, each costing Rs.12.5 crores. Thus 10 trains will cost Rs.50.00 crores each totaling Rs.500 crores. The highlight of these trains specially builds for Jaipur Metro is that they are fully designed and made in India. Earlier, BEML had built other metro trains in collaboration with foreign companies. The first train with four coaches reached Jaipur on 20th May and the second on 5th July. The static and dynamic tests of these trains are being conducted by experts in Mansarovar Depot of Jaipur Metro.

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JAIPUR METRO

line. Each train has four coaches including two driver trailer cars and two motor cars. Each driver trailer can has a capacity of 315 passengers while the motor car can accommodate 342 passengers. Thus 1314 passengers can travel at a time. The t rain has been designed in such a way that it can run at a maximum speed of 85 kms per hour. With a stoppage time of 30 seconds at the stations, the speed of the round trip is expected to be 34 kms per hour.

The comfort of the passengers takes priority; there are special seats for VIPs, senior citizen and ladies. For security in these fully AC coaches, CCTV's have been installed. There will be digital passenger information boards in the coaches which will provide information to the passengers regarding the next stations and the operation of the train. Each coach will have specially designed maps depicting the routes and will show the latest position of each station in a different colour.

'Disc Brake' technology has been used in the train so that the passengers do not feel the shocks. Besides, each coach will have two hearing and ventilation systems of 416 kw. They will provide cooling during extreme summer and heating during chilling winters. There are latest efficient safety and security systems installed in the coaches. The passenger can directly communicate with the train operator using passenger emergency alarm handle during the time of emergency. There are e four emergency exits and an emergency lighting sys tem.

How Jaipur Metro is Unique: Jaipur Metro has added special features in the coaches so that passengers get a feel of world class public transport system BEML has designed and developed standard gauge

Man Mohan Harsh Public Relations Officer Jaipur Metro Rail Corporation

51 < Renewable Energy & Climate Change + Power Transmission

FAIRS

4th World Renewable Energy Technology Congress & Expo-2013 25th to 27th September 2013 Convention Centre-NDCC, Parliament Street, Opposite Jantar Mantar, New Delhi, India

Promoting Renewable Energy, Green Energy for Sustainability World Renewable Energy Technology Congress, The India's premier renewable energy annual event, WRETC2013 where you will share ideas with global renewable energy industry leaders, experts, financers, network and do business with leading companies. It's a great opportunity to expand your business and keep up-to-date with developments in renewable energy technologies.

The 4th World Renewable Energy Technology Congress and Expo-2013 is the most important renewable energy industry conference that will have 96+ high profiled global speakers and industry leaders in Plenary sessions, interactive Keynote sessions, CEO's Forum, thoughtprovoking panel discussions and poster sessions to provide the focal points for translating knowledge into action. The Congress encourages activities of business matching,B2B meetings, especially focused on key industry issues and emerging energy solutions while pursuing business building and networking.

Speakers and delegates from Australia, Brazil, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Singapore, South Africa,

Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, USA apart from key executive of many national Renewable Energy companies have confirmed their participation in the Congress.

Many students will also be attending.

Nominations are invited for the "Energy And Environment Foundation Global Excellence Awards 2013" in Renewable Energy Sector. Foundation goal has been to honor and recognize those who have made outstanding contribution and demonstrated excellence creativity, innovation and applied best practices in renewable energy and environment industry. The Award will serve as a recognition and tribute to the winner's professionalism commitment to demonstrate excellence in Renewable Energy Sector. Energy And Environment Foundation Global Excellence Awards 2013 will be conferred on the Inaugural Ceremony of the 4th World Renewable Energy Technology Congress on 25th September 2013.

Exhibitors are invited to display their cutting-edge technology, innovations, products and services. With over 300+ delegates from across the globe gathering for the conference and Expo. Networking with industry key people over lunch, cocktails and gala-dinner night. Meet industry peers and policy makers over three days of exciting networking sessions.

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ELECTRI EXPO 2013, Hyderabad.

October 03-05, 2013 ElectriExpo 2013, a one-stop industryspecific exhibition and conference which focuses on the low-voltage electricity devices industry is being organized at HITEX Exhibition Centre, Hyderabad from October 03-05, 2013. Electri Expo will be providing an unique opportunity to showcase industry-specific products / services. The conference, planned along side, shall bring the best in the industry to share the vision, technological advancements, marketing potential, export opportunities and the challenges faced by the industry. HITEX is making a concerted effort to ensure that the industry derives maximum benefit out of the event.

In line with the current energy needs, the event will be bringing the latest energyefficient, environment-friendly and durable devices and products for the industrial and consumer markets. It is planned to be a B2B and B2C event which is expected to give a fillip to the industry.

The exposition, along with the conference, would be of great value to the following categories of people viz. Business investment experts, CEOs and other senior corporate personnel, Consultancy service providers, Contractors, Decision making authorities, Electricians, Electricity regulators, Engineers & Technocrats, EPS contractors, ESCOs, Financial institution, Government executives, High profile purchasing agents, Material suppliers, Members of state electricity boards, Power trading companies, Private utility professionals, Product traders, Regulators, Safety professionals, Sourcing personnel, State electricity boards / Utilities, Technocrats, etc Approximately 7000 visitors, dealers, distributors and service providers of low voltage electrical devices industry from India and abroad will be participating in this three day event.

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SOLARCON India 2013 Fifth edition from 01-03 August, 2013 at KTPO Exhibition Complex, Bangalore SEMI, the global industry association serving the photovoltaics, nanoand microelectronics manufacturing supply chains, will present SOLARCON速 India 2013 the fifth edition of its solar focused trade show and conference at the KTPO Exhibition Complex in Whitefield, Bangalore, India from 1-3 August, 2013.

Impressive PV installation growth in India, now in the region of 1.5 GW, and growing, has been overshadowed by the fact that PV manufacturing in India, like in many other parts of the world, is going through a deep crisis with cell and module manufacturers having to restructure and retarget their businesses and plans. This seemingly paradoxical situation has played out across the global PV market due to over-capacity, bloated inventories, intense cost competition and scaling back of solar targets in key PV growth regions.

Against this backdrop, SOLARCON速 India 2013 will reaffirm, besides the enormous role for solar in power hungry India from power plants to rooftops and off-grid applications, the crucial need for investments and commitment in both R&D and manufacturing to sustain the demand cycle and to enable Indian industry to compete superior quality and competitive pricing.

"Balancing PV supply and demand within regions provides greater economic benefits, reduces carbon emissions and the costs of transporting PV products, making a case for a strong regional manufacturing industry", said Bettina Weiss, VP Business Development, SEMI. The Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM), clearly calls out, as one of its objectives, the need to build 4-5 GW of solar manufacturing capacity in the country across the entire value chain, from materials to electronics, to enable price competitiveness, greater value addition and innovation.

Phase 2 of the JNNSM will also further emphasize the importance of a robust domestic PV manufacturing ecosystem.

The event will feature PV materials suppliers, equipment manufacturers, system integrators, electronics providers, project developers and other eco-system enablers who will meet, debate, explore new opportunities, assess the 54 < Renewable Energy & Climate Change + Power Transmission

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challenges and evolve plans for the future of the industry in India.

Leading technology experts, visionaries and policy leaders will address the conference including Dr. Harish Hande, Managing Director, SELCO India and winner of the Ramon Magsaysay Award, Prof. Pradeep Haldar, Recipient of the US President's Excellence in Research Award and CTO of the US Photovoltaic Manufacturing Consortium, Shri Tarun Kapoor, IAS, Joint Secretary, MNRE on JNNSM Phase 2 and Dr. Ashvini Kumar, Director Solar Energy Corporation of India who will present and interact with the industry on implementation perspectives. There will also be opportunity to meet and hear leading global technology & market analysts such as Dr. Finlay Colville of Solarbuzz and technology experts from Fraunhofer ISE. Represented at the conference will be industry experts from organizations such as Applied Materials, Bonfiglioli, Citel, Dupont, Enerparc, First Solar, Jinko Solar, Lanco, L&T, Mahindra, Spire, Tata Power Solar, Tata Steel and Welspun, among others and analysts and financiers from Bridge to India, Emergent Ventures, IDFC Bank and IREDA. Indian cell and module manufacturers such as Emmvee, HHV and Solar Semiconductor will participate in a discussion on revitalizing Indian manufacturing and on the most promising growth segments and opportunities for Indian companies including rooftop PV. Besides national policy makers and industry leaders, PV momentum is going to be increasing driven by state level policies and the conference will have a session on the "Role of States in PV growth" featuring developers active under state policies and key representatives from the southern states, all of which have announced attractive solar policies and from states such as Chattisgarh and other parts of the country where pioneering work in solar PV has been

undertaken. A session entitled, "Opportunities for Independent Power Producers under India's REC mechanism" will be moderated by REC trading leader, REConnect, and will bring the focus to bear on this important market enabler.

About SOLARCON India SOLARCON India, now in its fifth year, is the event of choice for the solar industry in India. It brings together the entire supply chain with a focus on PV manufacturing, production and technology and attracts equipment and materials suppliers; cell and module manufacturers; power electronics makers; balance of systems (BOS) suppliers; project developers; academia and researchers; utility-scale developers and government agencies. SOLARCON India visitors are influential: on average, 88.5% of visitors are involved in the evaluation, recommendation, and final purchasing of PV manufacturing materials, equipment, and services and 81% of visitors are management level or above providing an excellent platform for product announcements and launches via exhibition presence or sponsorships with over 6000 focused visitors expected at the event.

About SEMI SEMI is the global industry association serving the nano- and microelectronics manufacturing supply chains. Our 1,900 member companies are the engine of the future, enabling smarter, faster and more economical products that improve our lives. Since 1970, SEMI has been committed to helping members grow more profitably, create new markets and meet common industry challenges. SEMI maintains offices in Bangalore, Beijing, Berlin, Brussels, Grenoble, Hsinchu, Moscow, San Jose, Seoul, Shanghai, Singapore, Tokyo, and Washington, D.C.

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The Nigeria Alternative Energy Expo 2013 16-18 October 2013 Energy Business Council from both the public and private sectors. This year event will attract more than 4,000 renewable energy power professionals and exhibiting companies from all over the World.

The objective of the Nigeria Alternative Energy Expo is to: ŸCreate a platform for all stakeholders to network and

transfer knowledge and skills. ŸRaise awareness and educate the public about climate

change in Nigeria and the World. ŸShowcase both local and international initiatives and

Governor Amosun cuts the tape at the Opening Ceremony

The Nigeria Alternative Energy Expo 2013 is Nigeria's leading alternative energy Expo. NAEE 2013 takes place at the Shehu Musa Yar ' Adua Centre Abuja, from October 16 - 18 2013. The event will feature an impressive line-up of local and international speakers, delegates and exhibitors, who will gather to debate a new energy future for Africa's most populous nation.

This year's conference will focus on the theme: Embracing Alternative Energy for growth".

NAEE 2013 takes place in partnership with Africa Sustainable Energy Association (AFSEA), the Renewable Energy Programme of the Ministry of Environment, Energy Commission, The Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, (NNPC) and National Agency on Science and Engineering and Infrastructure, (NASENI) and SMEDAN as well as numerous other local and multinational organizations, like Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership (REEEP), Africa Renewable Energy Alliance, ADB, and World Bank, Clean

technologies that are at the forefront of renewable energy and climate change resilience. " Mobilise Nigerians across all sectors to act on

climate change in all aspects of their lives. Create a platform for Business, Government and NGO's to showcase Alternative Energy solutions and climate change initiatives and technologies.

Attend NAEE 2013 and benefit: ŸNetworking amongst more than 200 senior level energy

sector experts and decision-makers planning and reforming the Nigeria energy sector. ŸHearing from expert speakers presenting the latest and best industry practice. ŸVisiting over 100 leading energy suppliers showcasing the latest technologies, equipment and services. ŸReviewing policy and regulation, industry progress, and changing market trends. ŸEstablishing a remarkable presence in the Nigerian market ŸSourcing and commissioning of local agents for your products.

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Botswana Renewable Energy Expo 2014 26th - 28th February 2014 Botswana Renewable Energy Expo 2014 Botswana Renewable Energy Expo 2014, the country's Leading renewable energy event hosted by Africa Sustainable Energy Association and organised by Mathesis

타Raise awareness and educate the public about renewable

energy sources and climate change in Botswana and the World. 타Showcase both local and international initiatives and technologies. 타Mobilise Consumers across all sectors to act on climate change in all aspects of their lives. Create a platform for Business, Government and NGO's to showcase Renwabale Energy solutions and climate change initiatives and technologies.

BREE is designed to enable participants stay abreast of developments and highlight issues affecting the energy industry and further highlight technologies, strategies and policies covering the wind, solar, biofuel, hydrocarbon, geothermal,

Consulting, will be held from the 26th - 28th February 2014 at the Botswana Conference and Exhibition Center Fairgrounds under the theme "Increasing Energy Capacitywith Sustainable renewable sources".

The event will feature an impressive line-up of local and international speakers, delegates and exhibitors, who will gather to debate a new energy future for Botswana.

BREE 2014 takes place in partnership with Africa Sustainable Energy Association, Southern Africa Alternative Energy Association, as well as numerous other local and multinational organizations, like Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership (REEEP), Africa Renewable Energy Alliance, ADB, and World Bank, Clean Energy Business Council from both the public and private sectors. This year event will attract more than 4,000 renewable energy power professionals and exhibiting companies from all over the World.

The objective of the Botswana Renewable Energy Expo is to: 타Create a platform for all stakeholders to network and transfer knowledge and skills.

ocean/tidal/wave, Agriculture, environment, finance, and hydrogen in Botswana.

The Workshop This session will highlighting the progress so far, challenges and options for generation, transmission, distribution and management of the Energy sector. Government officials, Company executives, Captains of industries and Parastatals, amongst others will present papers.

The Expo This session will be held concurrently with the Conference, the Expo will focus on presentations by leading companies and Organisation on sustainable energy solutions for today and the future of Botswana and Southern Africa. The exhibitor will present their latest technologies and innovations that are already on working in other markets.

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Intersolar India 12-14 November, 2013

For the sixth year running, the world's largest exhibition for the

Trends in the categories of Photovoltaics and Solar Thermal Technologies Plunging feed-in tariffs for solar power are one of the principle driving forces behind innovation in the area of photovoltaics. In light of this climate, solutions for on-site consumption are becoming increasingly attractive. As a result, many of the entries for the Intersolar AWARD include energy storage solutions with a variety of technical concepts and storage capacities, ranging from inexpensive lead-acid gel batteries to products incorporating modern lithium-ion technology and from power storage systems for domestic installations to commercial battery systems as large as a shipping container. In addition to storage systems, many entries focus on control and regulation engineering, which aims to ensure that the next generation of inverters achieve even greater rates of efficiency than is the case today.

solar industry, Intersolar Europe, is using the Intersolar AWARD to pay tribute to the industry’s innovative strength.

The prize is awarded in the categories of Photovoltaics, Solar Thermal Technologies and Solar Projects in Europe.

Exhibitors at Intersolar Europe as well as those attending the Intersolar North America and Intersolar India exhibitions were invited to put forward their pioneering products and services for the competition. Up to ten finalists in each individual category have now been selected with the winners being announced during an official ceremony at Intersolar Europe’s Innovation Exchange in hall.

Furthermore, modern control and regulation systems should help optimize on-site consumption. A significant number of entries also cover the area of plant optimization. New costeffective substructures for rooftop and ground-mounted PV plants are being designed as lightweight constructions that can be assembled quickly and without the need for any tools thanks to “click-in-place” solutions.

Since 2008, the Intersolar AWARD has been honoring outstanding services and products that impress thanks to the particular benefits they offer to society and the environment and the way in which they combine technical innovation with high rates of profitability. In cooperation with the German Solar Industry Association (BSW-Solar), the organizers of Intersolar Europe, Solar Promotion GmbH, Pforzheim, and Freiburg Wirtschaft Touristik und Messe GmbH & Co. KG (FWTM), want to use the prize to highlight the solar industry’s great innovative strength.

In total, this year saw more than 100 companies applying for the renowned solar industry innovation prize.

Many of this year’s entries also incorporate plant services, ranging from cleaning robots for large-scale PV plants to theft protection and monitoring systems. Plant optimization has emerged as an important trend in the area of solar thermal technologies. Against this backdrop, solutions for improving the concentration of solar radiation, precise tracking systems and innovative substructures have been submitted. There are also indications that efficiency is set to improve in the area of assembling installations. For example, “plug and heat” energy managers and individual modules that are sold with a higher degree of preassembly are expected to make starting up plants easier in the future.

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PROFILE

COMPANY PROFILE Urja Solutions is a leading provider of power conditioning, renewable energy, IT infrastructure services and business solutions head quartered at Bangalore having pan India operations.

Professionally managed, we strive to bring world class products and services at customer's doorstep with effective, hassle free after sales support.

Urja Solutions is promoted by a team of experienced and dynamic professionals to deliver comprehensive solutions in Renewable energy, Bio products, IT infrastructure and Power conditioning sectors.

Team Urja engineer solutions across the complete technology life cycle from consulting, design, system integration, quality management systems and value added reselling for the management of a business enterprise.

Products, services and solutions Renewable Energy (RE) Solutions Solar products Panels, Hybrid Inverters, Off-the grid / On-grid solar solutions, Street lights, garden lights, Lanterns, water heaters; Wind Energy solutions, Biomass Power generation, Hydro Power generation Green and Bio products: LED based lighting solution, Bio plates, Water Purifiers Power conditioning solutions & Energy Storage solutions UPS, Inverter, Servo controlled voltage stabilizer, Battery Charger, Isolation Transformer Battery - VRLA (SMF) & Flooded Tubular & Flat plate, Automotive and Generator IT infrastructure solutions & services Data centre build out; LAN / WAN Solutions, Cooling, Desktops, Laptops & Printers, Security systems Business Solutions Software development, Embedded system design, ISO - QMS Lead Audit, training & certification services, Website design & hosting.

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DISTRIBUTION

Renewable Energy & Climate Change + Power Transmission at International Events

Solarcon, Bangalore, India 60 < Renewable Energy & Climate Change + Power Transmission

DISTRIBUTION

Solar Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan Energy Expo Surat, Gujarat, India

Power-gen, New Delhi, India

Power India, Mumbai, India

Renewable Asia, Bangalore, India 61 < Renewable Energy & Climate Change + Power Transmission

BUSINESS PARTNERS

A L'Obel Solar Power System Solar PV & Thermal Products, Design Consultancy, Solar Off Grid & Grid Tied System, LED Luminary, Solar Panel, Lantern, Garden & Home light, Road Stud etc..

65 Mihir Park, O P Road, Vadodara-20, Gujarat M : 093-270-07854/52 lobelpower@gmail.com www.lobelpower.in • www.lobelpower.com

ABHISHEK ENTERPRISES Solar Power Systems Off Grid & Grid Tied • Solar Street Lights & Home Lights • Solar Projects Execution • Solar Spare Parts

G-2 Chetan Apartment, Opp. Anjoy Restaurant Jetalpur Road, Alkapuri, Vadodara 390007 Phone : +91-265-235 5937 Mob. : +91-97277 13162 www.abhishek-enterprises.com

ACCESS SOLAR LIMITED S 5 Phase II, T.I.E Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037 Phone : +91-40-2307 6010 Fax : +91-40-2307 6271 Mobile : +91-99591 99961 info@accesssolar.co.in • www.accesssolar.co.in

ECOSTERILE MARKETING PRIVATE LTD. 6/25 Kalyan Building, 134 Khadilkar Road, Girgaon Mumbai 400004 Phone : +91-22-3206 7007 • Fax : +91-22-2385 6787 Mobile : +91-90040 39009 mehul@ecosterile.com • www.ecosterile.com

ENERGY TECHNOLOGY CENTRE Design & Engineering, Consultancy, Publication Publicity, Promotion, Training Rastogi House, B 9 Vivekanand Marg, Jaipur 302001 Phones :+91-141-237 6171, 237 9653 Fax : +91-141-236 5232, 236 3584 info@entece.org • www.entece.org GOPALAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 181/1, 182/1, Hoodi Village, Sonnenahalli, K.R. Puram Whitefield, Bangalore 560048 Phone : +91-80-4222 9748 • Fax: +91-80-2221 2703 Mob: +91-99724 10410, 99456 96149, 98455 45282 gcem@gopalancolleges.com www.gopalancolleges.com

AMS INC. No. 83, 5th Cross, 2nd Main, M.S.R. Nagar Bangalore 560054 Phone : +91-80-2360 5452, 2360 4345 Mobile : +91-98451 26703 • Fax : +91-80-2360 0322 elmai@satyam.net.in • elmai@sify.com

GREEN ENERGY SOLUTION El 8, J Block, M.I.D.C., Bhosari, Pune 411 026 Phone: +91-20 2027 0231, Mob. +919822435419 E-mail: info@greenes.in Web.: www.greenes.in

GP Green Energy Systems Pvt. Ltd.

ASTHA DAL SERVICES PVT. LTD. 320 Janaki Appts. Plot No. 7, Sec 22, Dwarka New Delhi 110075 Telefax : +91-11-2805 1185 Mobile : +91-98119 42412, 98685 27465 adspl_kkj@yahoo.co.in AURO POWER SYSTEMS (P) LIMITED, NO.71/71/650, (SURVEY NO.44/2A), NH-7 , KODIGEHALLI GATE, BELLARY ROAD, BENGALURU-560092 (KA) INDIA Ph: +91 80 65968947/ 65706426 Web: www.auropower.in, Email: sales@auropower.in Products: UPS, Inverter, Servo Stabilizers, Solar & LED Products

BH 114, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700091,India.

Telefax : +91 33 23210809 +91 33 23580114, Email : info@gpenergy.net www.gpenergy.net

KISAN AGRO PACKAGED DRINKING WATER KISAN AQUA PLUS

Address;- Sv.No. 27, Lonkar Nagar, Near Ashirwad Gym., Keshavnagar,Mundhawa,Pune - 411036, Ph. No. 020 - 32405236, Mobile no. - 09011550101 E-mail: kisan.aquaplus@gmail.com

KORUS ENERGY SOLUTIONS PVT LTD Consultancy & Design Engineering Solar Off Grid & Grid Tied PV / CPV System; Solar CSP Plant; Mini & Micro Hydro Power; Co-generation, Waste Heat Recovery Systems and Grid Connectivity Solutions Power House, No. 18, J. C. Road, Bangalore 560 002 Phone : 080 4165 3286 / 87 Email : info@korusenergy.com

DANTES SOLAR & COMPUTER PVT. LTD. B-1, Kundan House, 16 Nehru Place-110019 New Delhi, India +91 11 4180 8467 ,26439497, +91 9811106721 dantes633@yahoo.com www.dantessolar.com

MITHRA ECOCIETY PVT LTD DEALERS OF ALL KINDS OF SOLAR PRODUCTS AND POWER PLANTS INTEGRATES.

16/21,S.KARIYAPPA ROAD, (SOUTH CROSS ROAD) BASAVANAGUDI, BANGALORE 560004, India +919845050861,+919590232666 E-mithraecociety@gmail.com www.mithrasolarz.in

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BUSINESS PARTNERS

Natural Lights Pvt. Ltd Head Office : F-42 Swej Farm, Nandpuri 22 Godown Industrial Area Jaipur-302015 Rajasthan - India Tel. - 0091-141-2210278, 0091-1416510777 E-mail - info@naturallights.co.in exports@naturallights.co.in Website - www.naturallights.co.in

Om Sai Innovative Automation Pvt. Ltd..

A Leading Manufacturer of Material Handling Equipment & Automation System.

Office Address: Udyog Bharti', Plot No- 271, Gala No.C - 114, 1st Floor, Opp. Tirupati Hospital, Waluj, Aurangabad- Maharashtra, India.

Phone : 0240-2352002, Mobile : 09923415001 Email:- omsaiengg@yahoo.co.in, omsaienggabd@rediffmail.com Wesite: www.omsaiengg.co.in, www.omsaiengg.com

Photonics Watertech Pvt Ltd E - 169, Electronic Estate, Sector - 26, GIDC Gandhinagar, Ahmedabad - 382026, Gujarat, India Mobile: +(91)-9099933324 Telephone: +(91)-(79)-23288155 Fax: +(91)-(79)-23288155 Email: info@photonicswatertech.com www.photonicswatertech.com

RENEWGREEN ENERGY PVT. LTD. 335 Sangli-Kolhapur Byepass Dharangutti (Jaysingpur) 416103 Phone : +91-2322-227841, 229141 Fax : +91-2322 226040 • Mobile : +91-99210 08733 vd_renewgreen@malugroup.org.in • www.renewgreen.in

R.K. SOLAR POWER SYSTEMS (P) LTD. A 124 H.M.T., Industrial Estate Bangalore 560013 Phone : +91-80-2838 5914, 2331 5767, 6559 2128 srama@vsnl.com www.rksolar.com

Sanwariya Green Technologies Pvt. Ltd. DEALS IN ELECTRONIC ANTI SCALING & DE-SCALING DEVICE AT ZERO MAINTENANCE, ECO-FRIENDLY, HASSLE FREE DEVICE.

G-7A, Vinoba Marg, Behind Standard Chartered Bank (M.I. Road), C-Scheme, Jaipur-302001, India Tel: 91-141-5199700/1/2/3/4 Mob: +91-99831 66666, 98280 10095 Email: sgreentechno@gmail.com

SUNMAZ ENERGY SYSTEMSS PVT. LTD.

Power Tek 59 A, Arasamara, Street No. 1, Avarampalayam Coimbatore - 641 006, Tamil Nadu, India +(91)-9842224522/+(91)-(422)-2566777/+(91)-9362224522 powertekcbe@yahoo.co.in

No.158, Kamaraj Salai, Brindhavanam Puducherry - 605 013. India.

Ph: 0413-6530425, Tele Fax: 0413-4201774 E-mail: sunmax_solar@rediffmail.com sales@sunmax solar.net Website: www.sunmaxsolar.net

PREMIER SOLAR SYSTEMS (P) LTD. 3rd Floor, V.V. Towers, Karkhana Main Road Secunderabad 500015 Phone: +91-40-2774 4415 • Fax: +91-40-2774 4417 Mobile : +91-97876 43996 saiket@premiersolarsystems.com

SUNDARAM RENEWABLE ENERGY LTD. 903 Dev Plaza, S.V. Road, Andheri (W), Mumbai 400058 Phone : +91-22-6760 2200 Mobile : +91-98202 21372 info@sureltd.com • atul@sureltd.com www.sureltd.com

P.R. NATHAM AND CO. 189-2 N.S.C. Bose Road, Chennai 600001 Phone : +91-44-2538 1705, 2538 6063 Mobile : +91-93853 81705 prnandco@gmail.com

TECHNOCLEAN SOLUTIONS & SERVICE th th #31, 9 Main 28 Cross, B S K nd 2 Stage, Bangalore-560 070 Phone: +91-80-2671 5645 • Mobile:: +91-98450 72146 ahmedparvez@yahoo.com • technoclean@gmail.com www.parvezthewebsurfer.blogspot.com www.parvez.stumbleupon.com

PYROTECH ODYSSEY OPTRONICS PVT. LTD. Corp. Mktg: B 1, #111, Floor, Rd. No. 1, 22 Godown Jaipur 302006 Reg. Off.: F 16A, Rd No. 3 MIA, Madri, Udaipur 313003 Phone : +91-141-400 8754 • Mobile : +91-93148 83527 info@peplelectronics.com

RGVP ENERGY SOURCES Reg. Off.: C 15 G.I.D.C., Electronics Estate, Sector 25 Gandhinagar 382025 B. O. : Khasra No. 1027, Village Salempur Rajputana Bhaghwanpur, Tehsil Roorkee, Haridwar 247667 sanjeevgorgeous@gmail.com • rgvpindia@yahoo.co.in

THE ENGINE DOC CO. Service, Spares & Hiring Costomised Service Solutions

#3, Amalodhbhavanagar, Near st. Francis ICSE School Begur Road, Begur, Bangalore 560068 Phone : +91-80-2574 2224 Mobile : +91-98800 46229 enginedoc_21@yahoo.co.in URJA SOLUTIONS Srisha Business Centre, #1, 3rd Cross, Lalbagh Road, Bangalore 560 027 Phone : +91-80-2222 5208, 2223 6641, 2227 6413 Fax : +91-80-2223 43339 • Mob. : +91-98449 33433 info@urjasolutions.com www.urjasolutions.com

63 < Renewable Energy & Climate Change + Power Transmission

UPCOMING FAIRS

Upcoming Renewable and Conventional Energy, Energy Efficiency Electrical Engineering, Lighting and Automation ESBUILD 2013 15-17 August, 2013 Energy/ Green Power Shanghai New International Expo Centre (SNIEC) 2345 Long Yang Road, Pudong Area, Shanghai, 201204, China Tel:+86-21-6328 8899 Fax:+86-21-6374 9188 E-Mail:kavana@chinamie.com IPCA-EFY EXPO 2013 29-31 August, 2013 Gandhi nagar Gujarat, India Phone: +91 (80) 2521 0109, 2521 0309 Fax:+91 (80) 2528 2288 Cell:+91 93425 19340 Email: ipca@ipcaindia.org Messe München International - World Wide Shows 4-6 September, 2013 INIZIO 507 & 508, 5th Floor, Cardinal Gracias Road, Opp. P&G building, Chakala, Andheri (E), Mumbai-400 099 Maharashtra, India Tel: +91 22 4255 4700 Fax: +91 22 4255 4719 Mail: info@mmi-india.in EVENTS | ELECTRIC, POWER & RENEWABLE ENERGY INDONESIA 2013 4-7 September, 2013 Jakarta International Expo Kemayoran, Indonesia : Asia's economic powerhouse, Menara Jamsostek, Menara Utra, 12th Floor, Unite TA-12-04 JI. Jend. Gatot Subroto No. 38, Jakarata 12710 Tel-+62 21 2525 320 Fax-+62 21 2525 032, 2525 018 AMB Exhibitions 10-12 September 2013 The Diamond Island Convention Centre, AMB Exhibitions Sdn Bhd, Suite 1701, 17th Floor Plaza Permata ( IGB Plaza ) 6 Jalan Kampar off Jalan Tun Razak 50400 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia telephone no : ( 603 ) 4041 9889 or ( 603 ) 4042 9889 fax no : ( 603 ) 2770 5301 email : support@ambexpo.com

ELCOM ROSSIJA 2nd International Trade Fair on Renewable and Conventional Energy Energy Efficiency, Electrical Engineering Lighting and Automation 17 - 19 September 2013 T: +49-62 21-45 65-21 F: +49-62 21-45 65-25 E-mail: j.hofmann@fairtrade-messe.de POWER-GEN ASIA 2013 2 - 4 October, 2013 IMPACT Exhibition & Convention Centre Bangkok, Thailand Asia, Middle East, Southern Germany, Austria & Switzerland T: +44 1992 656 610 C: +44 7808 587 764 E-mail: exhibitpga@pennwell.com TAITRONICS 8-11 October, 2013 TAITRONICS 2013 focuses on Electronic Components, Batteries & Power Supplies, LED Lighting & Applications, Meters & Instruments, Process & Manufacturing, Wires &Cables, Smart Living & Consumer Electronics, Safety & Security and RFID Equipment & Applications 26, Maker Chambers VI Nariman Point Mumbai - 400 021, India Tel: +91-22-40373737 Fax: +91-22-22870502 Email: sales@jasubhai.com conferences@jasubhai.com Energy Expo 2013 5-7 December, 2013 105, Kakad Chambers, 1st floor, 132, Dr. Annie Besant Road, Worli Mumbai – 400 018, India Tel: +91 22 2493 1790/3332/0565/0993 Fax: +91 22 2493 9463 Email: meera.parmar@cii.in

64 < Renewable Energy & Climate Change + Power Transmission

Send us at Energy Technology Centre, Rastogi House, Lower Level 1, B-9, Vivekanand, Marg, Jaipur-302001, India

ADVERTISING INDEX

APEM Inc.

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Bender India Private Limited

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Cummins Generator Technologies India Ltd.

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Energy Technology Centre, Jaipur, India

69-66

EXIDE Industries Ltd.

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Inter Solar India 2013

67

Neyveli Lignite Corporation LTD.

2

Nigeria Alternative Energy Expo 2013

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Radha Energy Cell

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Saee Power

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Shree NM Electricals Limited

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Solarcon India 2013

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Spire

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Sun Ray Solar Museum

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Ujaas

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UL India Private Limited

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Urja Solutions

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Valka Vasu Energy Pvt. Ltd

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Vikjay Tours & Travels

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World Renewable Energy Technology Congress 2013

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Renewable Energy & Climate Change (RECC) is a popular global Magazine dedicated on the word of Energy, is published by ETC. (RECC) is quarterly Magazine which symbolize the present India energy depiction at International level. RECC is an influential, well-read and respected magazine that empowers the readers by providing all the news and information to keep pace with today's competitive market.

An expert panel of writers and analysts ensure each month that RECC brings a comprehensive, in-depth and insightful analysis of the Indian and global power generation, transmission & distribution sectors. The magazine covers the topics on wind, solar, geo-thermal, bio-mass, tidal and tydal energies, climate change, energy savings and global warming.

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