Weekly Guide

ENVS10003

CONSTRUCTING ENVIRONMENTS WEEKLY GUIDE : FLIPPED CLASSROOM AND STUDIO

SEMESTER 2, 2015

This compliation of student lecture outlines / readings has been made in accordance with the provisions of Part VB of the Copyright Act for the teaching purposes of the university. It is only for use by the students of The University of Melbourne enrolled in: ENVS10003 : CONSTRUCTING ENVIRONMENTS / BACHELOR OF ENVIRONMENTS / THE UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE

CONTENTS: WEEK 01

Introduction to Construction

WEEK 02

Structural Loads and Forces

WEEK 03

Footings & Foundations

WEEK 04

Floor Systems & Horizontal Elements

WEEK 05

Columns, Grids and Wall Systems

WEEK 06

Spanning & Enclosing Space

WEEK 07

Detailing Strategies 1

WEEK 08 Openings

WEEK 09

Detailing Strategies 2

WEEK 10

When Things Go Wrong

WEEK 11

A Changing Industry

WEEK 12 Review

'Paper Tower', Detail. Shigeru Ban, London 2009

CONSTRUCTION WORKSHOP

W01

FLIPPED CLASSROOM INTRODUCTION TO CONSTRUCTION

Ching, 'Building Construction Illustrated' (2008)

'MSD', by JWA and NADAAA. Photo by Peter Ashford

'Sydney Opera House', photo by Max Dupain (circa 1965)

CHING: 02 The Building (2.08 - 2.11)

CONSTRUCTION OVERVIEW

INTRODUCTION TO MATERIALS

Consider the various types of loads which built structures must withstand. How do these loads influence a structure's appearance? How do we represent these 'invisible' loads?

What is construction? Who is responsible for constructing the built environment? How can this complicated process be understood?

Many different materials are used in the constructed environment, many with greatly differing properties. So, how do we determine where and when to use each material?

'Brooklyn bridge painters', photo by Eugene de Salignac (1914)

BASIC STRUCTURAL FORCES (1)

CHING: 01 Site Analysis (all)

MELBOURNE'S BLUESTONE

What are forces? What happens when materials or structural members are subjected to tension or compression forces?

Explore the factors influencing the constructed environment. Design and construction do not operate in isolation. NOTE: solar orientation in the Southern Hemisphere is to the north.

Cities evolve as place-specific constructions.

Landscape architect, Dr Margaret Grose, explores Melbourne's grey laneways.

'Building Site in Idaho', BHH (circa 2000)

LOAD PATH DIAGRAMS

KEY TERMS

ABP STUDENT POLICY GUIDE

Consider how loads and forces are transferred through structures. How can this be represented in a diagrammatic form?

Load Path Reaction Force Masonry Point Load Compression Beam

Download and read the ABP Student Policy Guide - it contains essential information for all ABP subjects.

W01

STUDIO MASS

'Column of the Propylaea', photo by Guillaume Piolle (2008)

'Workers make repairs on the walls of the Great Mosque in

CCTV Headquarters, OMA, Beijing (2008)

Djénné, Mali.', photo by Esha Chiocchio (2001)

LEARNING LOOP

ACTIVITIES

WEEK 01 QUIZ:

ACTIVITY: ‘COMPRESSION’

ACTIVITY: ‘TRUSS AND FRAME’

Introduction to the weekly quizzes

Intended Learning Outcomes: To understand the nature and behaviour of modular mass construction and how loads are transferred in compression structures.

Preparation for next week:

1_ Quizzes will be conducted at the start of every studio session and they are designed to test your recall, comprehension and analysis of the information presented in the weekly eLearning and Reading modules.

2_ The quizzes will be conducted as an open book exam, with no communication between students permitted during the individual round.

3_ In the group round, students are expected to discuss their ideas and to collaborate with their group members to determine a group agreed final answer.

4_ Not every quiz will count towards your end of semester grade. However, your studio leader will record the results each week to monitor your learning progress.

DISCUSSION: 4_The quiz will be the starting point for the weekly learning loop discussions.

5_Bring one element from the eLearning and Theatre to discuss with your tutor and peers.

Q&A

Task: 1_In groups of 4, build a tower as high as possible using the least amount of material.

2_The tower must be able to accommodate an object provided by your tutor, so at least one opening is required.

3_ Experiment with construction concepts and block-laying techniques, sketching and photographing your design as you go.

4_ As the tower gets higher you may find that the concept needs to be varied. Why is this? Document any changes made including reasons why the changes were made.

5_When construction is complete start the deconstruction process. Remove as many elements as possible without causing the tower to fall and to test the stability of the structure.

6_Identify the critical collapse point. Why did it fail at that point?

7_Compare your tower with the other towers constructed.

8_ Consider how this activity assisted your comprehension of: + Mass construction, + How the ‘construction system’ employed was described and analysed, + Slenderness ratios, + Efficiency of material, + Drawing load path diagrams.

1_ Start by thinking about bridge structures in your own built environment. How do they work? What are their key components?

2_ Each group of 4 students will be provided with a piece of balsa wood (approx. 600mm x 100mm x 2mm) and a box of 200 pins.

3_ As a group, discuss strategies for designing and building a TRUSS structure to span across a 1500mm gap, using only the sheet of balsa and pins provided.

4_ Consider how much load your structure will be able to support (it will be tested by your tutor!). Are there other design / structural / construction options that would be able to support more load or have greater stability?

REMINDERS: Purchase your safety equipment.

W02

FLIPPED CLASSROOM STRUCTURAL LOADS AND FORCES

'Eiffel Tower' (1889)

Ching, 'Building Construction Illustrated', p 2.02

http://www.aluk.co.uk/sustainability.php

STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS AND FORMS

CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS

ESD AND SELECTING MATERIALS

How can we classify different types of structures? What do these groups of structures have in common? How are they different?

Construction systems allow the construction process to be divided into a number of smaller parts, often based on function.

Environmental considerations often influence the selection and use of materials. What are the key things to consider? Why are they important?

'Bird's Nest' by Herzog & de Meuron, http://misfitsarchitecture. com/2011/12/

Ching, 'Building Construction Illustrated', p 2.04

STRUCTURAL JOINTS

CHING: 02 The Building (2.02 - 2.04)

A FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSING FORM

Consider how structural members are connected to each other. How do the different connection types transfer loads? How is this represented in a diagrammatic form?

Refer to the Ching text to discover more detail about the way Ching divides a building into smaller parts. Which parts of buildings belong to each system?

Architect and artist, Dr Alex Selenitsch, argues that design and construction can be usefully categorised.

Railway bridge over the Maribyrnong River, Footscray 1928 Museum of Victoria collection item 795992 (negative)

http://www.cctvmon.com/glossary.html

TRUSS & FRAME INTRODUCTION

KEY TERMS

Truss and frame structures allow for very efficient use of materials and provide various opportunities for building over longer spans.

Structural Joint Column Tension

Frame Bracing Span

Truss Plank Web

W02

STUDIO TRUSS AND FRAME

'Brooklyn bridge painters', photo by Eugene de Salignac (1914)

CCTV Headquarters, OMA, Beijing (2008)

LEARNING LOOP

ACTIVITIES

WEEK 02 QUIZ:

ACTIVITY: ‘TRUSS’

Test your recall, comprehension, analysis and curiosity with 5 quiz questions in 5 minutes.

Intended Learning Outcomes: To understand the nature and behaviour of truss construction and how loads are transferred in truss structures and to appreciate the importance of structural joints.

DISCUSSION: The quiz will be the starting point for the weekly learning loop discussions.

Bring one element from the eLearning and Theatre to discuss with your tutor and peers.

Q&A A02: IN SITU INTRODUCTION Preparation for fthe Week 03 introduction to site visits and your first A02 In Situ site visit: 1_ Site Safety Presentation 2_ Safety Equipment Check 3_ Medical Form Completion 4_ Group allocation 5_ Complete site visit group information form 6_ Briefing: how to contact the builder

Task: 1_ In groups of 4 students, you will build a STABLE truss structure long enough to span across a 1500mm gap, using only the 600mm x 100mm x 2mm piece of balsa and pins provided.

2_ Start this exercise by spending a few minutes designing your construction concept.

Sketch your design before you start cutting the balsa and building your structure.

3_ When cutting a variety of long, thin pieces from the balsa think about how the different shapes you are cutting will form the structure of the bridge.

4_ Photograph the construction process as the build progresses. Pay particular attention to how the different members are joined together.

5_ As the structure gets longer you may find that the concept needs to be varied. Why is this? Document any changes made (including noting any reasons).

' Bamboo scaffolding on the Space Museum in Hong Kong', Anna Roberts (2010's)

6_ When the structure is complete, your tutor will subject it to a variety of stresses and loads in an attempt to get the structure to collapse.

7_ Identify the critical collapse points for your structure. Why did if fail at that point? Pay attention to joints, dimensions of members, bracing and observe buckling of members.

8_ Compare your structure with the other structures made.

9_ Consider how this activity assisted your comprehension of: + Truss construction, + How the ‘construction system’ employed was described and analysed, + Critical role of connections and joints, + Efficiency of the materials, + Deformation and stability during the different stages of the construction-stressing process, + Load paths at various stages of the construction-stressing process.

REMINDERS: Check LMS for the Week 03 Studio meeting time and place arrangements.

PPE required for Week 03 Studio site visits.

Construction Workshop session sign-up opens next week.

Purchase Pavilion Drawing Set from university co-op book room.

W03

FLIPPED CLASSROOM FOOTINGS AND FOUNDATIONS

Barcelona Pavilion by Mies van der Rohe

'MSD', by JWA and NADAAA. Photo by Peter Ashford

Therme Vals, Peter Zumthor

Masonry wall detail

STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

FOOTINGS AND FOUNDATIONS

MASS

MASONRY

Structural elements can be classified into types according to the function they perform.

What are these types? How do each of these element types contribute to the stability of a structure?

What happens where structures meet the ground? What should we consider when selecting different footing or foundation systems?

An introduction to mass construction and the palette of mass construction materials.

What is masonry?

What are the key masonry materials, techniques and elements?

http://blogs.reuters.com/photographers-blog/2012/09/20/ protecting-an-iconic-image/

Ching, 'Building Construction Illustrated', p 3.02

Brick detail

GEOMETRY & EQUILIBRIUM

CHING: 03 Foundations (all)

CLAY BRICKS

Why do structures stay in place? Why is geometry important? How do we represent structural systems in a diagrammatic form?

Refer to the Ching text to discover more detail about the variety of footing and foundation systems used in different types of construction.

Are bricks an old fashioned material of the past or do they still have a place as part of the built environment of today?

http://www.cctvmon.com/glossary.html

Concrete block detail

Gabion wall detail

KEY TERMS

CONCRETE BLOCKS

STONE

Concrete blocks are a relative newcomer in the mass material group. What are they and how do they differ from bricks?

How and why are different stones are used in the built environment? How do we classify different types of stone?

Moment Retaining Wall Pad Footing

Strip footing Slab on ground Substructure

W03

STUDIO FULL SIZE

'Sydney Opera House construction', photo by David Moore (1967)

'Fab Lab house model', IAAC (2012)

LEARNING LOOP

ACTIVITIES

WEEK 03 QUIZ:

ACTIVITY: ‘FULL SIZE’

This week's quiz will be hosted on LMS. Use the time allocated for your studio sessions (during the time when you are not out on site with your studio leaders) to log on to LMS and take the quiz.

Intended Learning Outcomes: To introduce students to the environment of construction sites. To identify the different stages of smaller size residential construction, including basic structural systems and their elements, construction systems and processes, and the range of materials found in a new housing development.

This week's quiz will only have an individual component.

Test your recall, comprehension, analysis and curiosity with 5 quiz questions in 5 minutes.

DISCUSSION: Foundations vs Footings Q&A A02 IN SITU ASSIGNMENT _ make sure you know which group you are in and who your group leader is, _ allocation of materials for assignment research appendix.

REMINDERS: A01 QUIZ #1 is next week (Week 04). This quiz is worth 5% of the semester mark.

Construction Workshop Sessions will be open for registration in Week 03 and sign-up must be COMPLETED by 10pm Sunday 16th August.

Task: 1_ Special arrangements are in place for this week's studio session as you will be going by bus to a housing development. Meet up with the group you were allocated for Assignment A02 (group allocation was completed in the week 02 studio), check that you all have the required PPE for this site visit and then meet the bus at your designated time: MORNING STUDIOS + Group 1 (10am) + Group 2 (10.45am) AFTERNOON STUDIOS + Group 3 (2.15pm) + Group 4 (3pm) If you did not attend the Week 02 Studio session, please check LMS for your group allocation.

WARNINGS: _ if you do not have your PPE you will not be permitted to participate in this activity _ be on time - the bus will not wait if you are late

'Building Site in Idaho', BHH (circa 2000)

2_ Once on site, your studio leader will conduct a safety induction and then lead you on a guided walk around the housing development (in your studio groups).

3_ For each of the buildings you see: + determine the structural system used, + identify the major structural elements, + identify the main materials used (for the structure and also for the enclosing elements), + consider whether the structure is expressed or whether it has been concealed, + note the different structural joints and how different materials / members are joined together, + ask your studio leader questions about what you see, clarify what you don't understand and start using the correct construction terminology.

4_ Consider how this activity assisted your comprehension of: + How to take a photographic record of the buildings visited, + How sketches could be used to convey information about the buildings visited, + Describing, analysing and comparing the structural systems, construction systems and materials employed in various buildings, + How to sketch joints / Free Body Diagrams and Load Paths, + Recording any other information relevant to the realisation of each building (e.g. brief, immediate site context, period of construction, performance of materials etc.) + Expected behaviour on construction sites and understanding of potential dangers associated with construction sites.

W04

FLIPPED CLASSROOM FLOOR SYSTEMS AND HORIZONTAL ELEMENTS

Ching, 'Building Construction Illustrated', p 4.05

'MSD', by JWA and NADAAA. Photo by Peter Ashford

Church of Light (Ibaraki Kasugaoka Kyokai) Japan Tadao Ando

SPAN AND SPACING

FLOOR AND FRAMING SYSTEMS

CONCRETE

How do we define the span of an element?

How does it differ from the concept of spacing?

Are these concepts related in any way?

Floors are a major component of most building structures. What should we consider when selecting different materials and structural systems for floors?

Concrete is a manufactured material that has a long history in the constructed environment.

What is it and how do we use it?

http://onewtc.com/gallery-images/2069/steel-beam-installation-1

Ching, 'Building Construction Illustrated', p 4.21

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US_Navy_030104-N5319A-012_Seabees_attached_to_Naval_Mobile_Construction_ Battalion_Seventy-Four_%28NMCB-74%29_pour_concrete_ for_a_C-130_aircraft_staging_area.jpg

BEAMS AND CANTILEVERS

CHING: 04 Floor Systems (all)

IN SITU CONCRETE

What is a beam? Where are they used? What about cantilevers? Are there any differences between beams and cantilevers?

Refer to the Ching text to compare the differences between concrete, steel and timber floor systems. Become familiar with the member types and the range of details used.

What is in situ concrete? How is it used?

What should be considered if we want to specify this material for projects?

http://www.cctvmon.com/glossary.html

KEY TERMS Joist Steel decking Bearer

Girder Concrete Plank Spacing

Pre Cast panel finish detail

THE PANTHEON - AN EARLY EXAMPLE OF ROMAN CONCRETE Architect, Andrew Hutson, examines the materials and construction techniques utilised to form the huge span of this historic building.

PRE CAST CONCRETE Pre cast concrete elements have become popular because of their low cost and time efficiency benefits. Why has this occurred?

Has this changed the construction industry?

W04

STUDIO OUT AND ABOUT (PART 1)

Underground Car Park, The University of Melbourne

Stairs at west end of Union House, The University of Melbourne

LEARNING LOOP

ACTIVITIES

WEEK 04 QUIZ:

ACTIVITY: ‘SCALE, ANNOTATION AND WORKING DRAWING CONVENTIONS’

This week's quiz is the A01 QUIZ #1 assessable quiz. It is worth 5% of your semester mark.

Test your recall, comprehension, analysis and curiosity with 5 quiz questions in 5 minutes.

DISCUSSION: The quiz will be the starting point for the weekly learning loop discussions.

Bring one element from the eLearning and Theatre to discuss with your tutor and peers.

Q&A REMINDERS: Purchase Pavilion Drawing Set from university co-op book room.

A02 IN SITU - update your studio leader on your first site visit _ have you been to site yet? _ if not, when are you going? _ remember - you need one visit to be completed for your interim submission (due on the Friday of week 06)

Intended Learning Outcomes: Understand the concept of scale and how it applies to construction documentation.

Task: 1_ As a studio group, determine the preferred working units for building projects and the range of scales that would be appropriate to use for construction documentation.

2_ As a studio group, refer to Section '03' of the Subject Guide for a brief introduction to the main drawing conventions, abbreviations and symbols.

ACTIVITY: ‘CAMPUS LAB 1’ Intended Learning Outcomes: To introduce the concept of built scale and to identify the basic structural systems, construction systems and materials a variety of other buildings on campus.

Task: 1_ Your studio leader will conduct a guided walk around campus in studio groups, including the following buildings: + Lot 6 Cafe + Underground carpark & South Lawn (195) + Arts West Student Centre (148) + Stairs on west end of Union House (130)

http://www.onmydoorstep.com.au/heritage-listing/3805/ beaurepaire-centre Image SOHE 2008

_continued

+ Stairs on west end of Union House (130) + North Court Union House (130) + Beaurepaire Centre Pool (101) + New Melbourne School of Design + Old Geology South Lecture Theatre Entry Structure (156) + Frank Tate Pavilion (west of Sidney Myer Asia Centre (158) 2_ For each of the buildings: + determine the structural system used, + identify the major structural elements, + identify the main materials used (for the structure and also for the enclosing elements), + consider whether the structure is expressed or whether it has been concealed, + note the different structural joints and how different materials / members are joined together.

3_ Consider how this activity assisted your comprehension of: + Taking a photographic record of the buildings visited. + Describing, analysing and comparing the structural systems, construction systems and materials employed in various buildings. + How to sketch joints / Free Body Diagrams and Load Paths. + Recording any other information relevant to the realisation of each building (e.g. brief, immediate site context, period of construction, performance of materials etc.)

W05

FLIPPED CLASSROOM COLUMNS, GRIDS AND WALL SYSTEMS

Ching, 'Building Construction Illustrated', p 2.13

'MSD', by JWA and NADAAA. Photo by Peter Ashford

Timber

SHORT AND LONG COLUMNS

WALLS, GRIDS AND COLUMNS

FROM WOOD TO TIMBER

What is a short column? What is a long column? How do these two column types behave when subjected to axial loads?

Walls and columns are the major vertical elements used in construction systems.

Sometimes they are only part of the structural system and at other times, they also contribute to enclosing the building.

What is timber and how does it differ from wood? What are the different timber types and when do we use them?

Ching, 'Building Construction Illustrated', p 2.17

Ching, 'Building Construction Illustrated', p 5.14

Saint Benedict Chapel, Graub端nden, Switzerland, by P. Zumthor

FRAMES

CHING: 05 Wall Systems (all)

TIMBER PROPERTIES & CONSIDERATIONS

What are frames? Where and how are they used? What is interesting about how frames behave when subjected to loads?

Refer to the Ching text to compare the differences between frame, load bearing wall and stud wall systems. Learn how material selections result in various system solutions.

Timber can be used in many different applications but can easily be damaged if used or detailed incorrectly. So what potential issues do we need to consider for timber?

http://www.cctvmon.com/ glossary.html

CRITICAL LOADS

KEY TERMS

How do column end connections influence column load carrying capacity?

Stud Axial Load Nogging Buckling Lintel Top Plate Seasoned Timber

Bodegas Protos Winery, Spain, Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners

GEHRY'S OWN HOME - AN EXPLORATION OF WRAPPING Architectural Historian, Dr Hannah Lewi, looks at the idea of a building's skin using a building so famous it was used in the Simpsons.

ENGINEERED TIMBER PRODUCTS Not all materials grouped together as 'timber products' are completely natural products. Are these products beneficial or problematic?

W05

STUDIO WORKING DRAWING INTRODUCTION

Tokyo Apartments, Sou Fujimoto, Tokyo (2010)

Perspective Section, Atelier Bow Wow, Tokyo

LEARNING LOOP

ACTIVITIES

WEEK 05 QUIZ:

ACTIVITY: ‘LONG COLUMN ACTIVITY’

Test your recall, comprehension, analysis and curiosity with 5 quiz questions in 5 minutes.

Intended Learning Outcomes: Understand long column failure (buckling), the concept of column end restraint types and how the restraints relate to the ability of a column to carry loads.

DISCUSSION: The quiz will be the starting point for the weekly learning loop discussions.

Bring one element from the eLearning and Theatre to discuss with your tutor and peers.

Q&A REMINDERS: WEEK 06: A02 IN SITU interim submission. _ Bring your hard copy submission to your usual studio room at the start of your usual studio time and hand your assignment to your Studio leader. _ Upload your PDF submission to the studio journal before class starts. _ Refer to the subject guide for A02 further assignment submission details.

Task: 1_ In groups of 3, test your 'long column' in each of the four positions in the column box.

2_ For each of the tests determine: _ determine the type of end restraints (look at each end of the column) _ measure how and where the column started to buckle _ how much relative load was required to make the column buckle 3_ As a studio group, discuss how the theory of long columns plays a part in how architects and engineers think about building structures and aesthetics.

ACTIVITY: ‘CASE STUDY BUILDING INTRODUCTION’ Intended Learning Outcomes: Develop assessment and analytical techniques to determine information about a project.

Task: 1_ Your studio leader will conduct a guided walk around the Oval Pavilion Case Study Building.

Oval Pavilion, Cox Architecture, Melbourne

2_ Look at the different parts of the building and try to determine the structural systems, construction systems and the range of materials used in this project.

3_ Consider how the Oval Pavilion drawings assist your understanding of the project.

ACTIVITY: 'CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTATION TOUR' Intended Learning Outcomes: Develop an understanding and working knowledge of the presentation techniques, structure (information relationships) and language used in the Oval Pavilion Case Study building construction documentation set (e.g. plan, elevation, section, scale, basic symbols and line types).

Task: 1_ Refer to the Oval Pavilion Case Study Building construction documentation set and complete the 'Construction Documentation Tour Questionnaire'.

2_ Your answers should include both words and annotated sketches (as appropriate).

3_ Consider how this activity assisted your comprehension of: + How the information in your drawing set compares to what you observed in the actual building. + How the scale of the building compares to the scale of the drawings. + How the architectural and structural drawings differ.

W06

FLIPPED CLASSROOM SPANNING & ENCLOSING SPACE

Ching, 'Building Construction Illustrated', p 6.08

'MSD', by JWA and NADAAA. Photo by Peter Ashford

Australian Centre for Contemporary Art (ACCA), Wood Marsh

TRUSSES

ROOFING STRATEGIES AND SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION TO METALS

What is a truss? When, where and why would a truss be used in the construction industry?

Roofs are the major horizontal enclosing elements used in construction systems.

Consider how they are supported and connected to the other parts of the construction.

What are metals? What are the different types of metals and what do we need to consider when working with metals?

Ching, 'Building Construction Illustrated', p 2.18

Ching, 'Building Construction Illustrated', p 6.02

Ironwork

PLATES & GRIDS

CHING: 06 Roof Systems (all)

FERROUS METALS

What are Plates? What are Grids? Where and how are they used in construction systems?

What is the relationship between grids and plates?

Refer to the Ching text to compare the different roof systems. See how material and structural selections impact on the appearance of the constructed environment.

Iron and metallic alloys including iron are a common component of the built environment.

What forms do these products take and how do we use them?

http://www.cctvmon.com/glossary.html

KEY TERMS Rafter Purlin Cantilever Portal frame

Eave Alloy Soffit Top Chord

Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao. Frank Gehry Architects

SPANNING SPACES

NON-FERROUS METALS

Architectural construction historian, Dr Miles Lewis provides a short history on how spaces are spanned.

So many different metals. So many different possible uses. Are these products beneficial or problematic?

W06

STUDIO A02 INTERIM SUBMISSION HAND IN [NO STUDIO SESSION THIS WEEK]

WEEK 06 - NO STUDIO SESSIONS There will be no studio sessions held in Week 06. Use this time to visit your site, catch up on your eLearning, Ching readings and to work towards your A01 QUIZ #2 in week 07.

SUBMISSION Hand your A02 IN SITU interim assignment submission to your studio leaders at the start of your usual studio session in Week 06. + Morning Studios (10am) + Afternoon Studios (2.15pm)

W07

FLIPPED CLASSROOM DETAILING STRATEGIES 1

Ching, 'Building Construction Illustrated', p 2.13

CH2, http://assets.inhabitat.com/wp-content/uploads/CH21.jpg

http://www.reversegarbage.com.au/products/rubber-foam

STRESS AND STRUCTURAL MEMBERS

DETAILING FOR HEAT

RUBBER

When structural members are subjected to a force or a load, the material within the member becomes stressed. How does this stress influence the behaviour of the structural member?

Controlling heat in buildings is important for saving energy and for achieving occupant comfort. What strategies should we consider for heat control when detailing?

Rubber products have been used for many centuries. How and where are natural and synthetic rubber products used in the construction industry today?

Ching, 'Building Construction Illustrated', p 2.14

'MSD', by JWA and NADAAA. Photo by Peter Ashford

The Eden Project, Nicholas Grimshaw - 2001

CHING: 02.30 Joints & Connections Revisit Ching 2.30 to see how structural connections and joints might impact on construction detailing.

DETAILING FOR MOISTURE Moisture related problems account for a very high percentage of building faults. What should we consider to avoid these problems occurring?

PLASTICS Plastics are found all around us. There are many different types and their properties vary greatly. Which ones are used in the construction industry? Where? Why?

http://www.cctvmon.com/glossary.html

Ching, 'Building Construction Illustrated', p 7.18

Unite de Habitacion, Marsella. Le Corbusier

KEY TERMS

CHING: 07 Moisture & Thermal Protection (all)

PAINTS

Refer to the Ching text to compare the range of detailing options for preventing moisture infiltration, heat loss and ventilation issues in buildings.

Paints provide an easy way to adapt our own built environment? What information about paints should we know, other than what colour to use?

Drip Vapour barrier Gutter Parapet

Down pipe Flashing Insulation Sealant

W07

STUDIO IN DETAIL (PART 1)

Oval Pavilion, Cox Architecture, Melbourne

http://mathforum.org/workshops/sum98/participants/sanders/ oblexamples.gif

LEARNING LOOP

ACTIVITIES

WEEK 07 QUIZ:

ACTIVITY: ‘IN DETAIL’

This week's quiz is the A01 QUIZ #2 assessable quiz. It is worth 5% of your semester mark.

Intended Learning Outcomes: To develop an understanding of the actual size of construction elements and the detailed relationship of individual parts. To experiment with the implications and difficulty of translating a scale drawing to a full size drawing (or a real part of the construction).

Test your recall, comprehension, analysis and curiosity with 5 quiz questions in 5 minutes.

DISCUSSION:

Task:

The quiz will be the starting point for the weekly learning loop discussions.

1_ Each student will be allocated a 1:5 detail from the Oval Pavilion building.

Bring one element from the eLearning to discuss with your tutor and peers.

2_ Spend 10 minutes finding as much information about your detail in the construction documentation.

Q&A

3_ Walk up to the Oval Pavilion and locate your actual detail in the building. Look closely at the materials, the junctions and try to work out the structure around the detail. Take photos showing as much detail as you can.

Take 30 minutes (max.) to complete this part of the task.

4_ Once back in class - Take your 1:5 detail and blow it up to a 1:1 drawing on the A1 paper. Before you start drawing, work out the layout of your page, so that all the drawing will fit on the page provided.

Perspective Section, Atelier Bow Wow, Tokyo

5_ For each element shown in the detail, make sure you understand the function of each element and the material each element is made from. You should know what each line you draw represents in term of structure, construction and material.

6_ Show all the different components of the detail using various hatches, line thicknesses and / or colours.

7_ At the end of the session, all work will be pinned-up for preliminary feedback from your studio leader.

8_ Keep your drawing safe for the final pin-up and INDIVIDUAL PRESENTATION to the class in the Week 9 studio session. NOTE - you may need to do some further work on your drawing to have it ready for the presentation.

9_ The Week 09 Quiz (A01 Quiz #3) will be based on your A1 drawings. Students who do not present their finished A1 drawings will not be awarded any marks for this assessable quiz.

REMINDER: Off Campus site visits next week: _ Full PPE will be required for all students. _ Check meeting location and time with your studio leaders.

W08

FLIPPED CLASSROOM STRATEGIES FOR OPENINGS

Ching, 'Building Construction Illustrated', p 2.25

'MSD', by JWA and NADAAA. Photo by Peter Ashford

‘The Umbrella’ by Eric Owen Moss- http://culvercitypo.blogspot. com.au/2012/08/hayden-tract.html

ARCHES, DOMES & SHELLS

STRATEGIES FOR OPENINGS

GLASS

Arches, domes and shells are all structures that are commonly associated with curved forms. How are they similar? In what ways do they differ?

Doors and windows come in many different forms and they perform numerous functions.

What should be considered when making door and window system selections?

Glass is a common element in the construction industry and plays a significant role in how we occupy and interact with the built environment.

Why is it so important?

http://www.cctvmon.com/glossary.html

Ching, 'Building Construction Illustrated', p 8.02

Image by Craig Abraham http://www.smh.com.au/ ffximage/2007/05/01/eureka_wideweb__430x305,0.jpg

KEY TERMS

CHING: 08 Doors and Windows (all)

GLASS SKINS

Window Sash Door Furniture Deflection Stress Moment of Inertia Shear Force

Refer to the Ching text to compare the range of detailing options for doors and windows.

See how material selections and structural systems change the construction detailing.

Dr John Sadar compresses 100 years of glass use in the built environment into 10 minutes.

Discover how changing technology and changing attitudes towards the sun resulted in major alterations to the built environment.

W08

STUDIO OFF CAMPUS

State Theatre Melbourne, construction site, 1928

Melbourne Olympic Swimming Pool (1956) http://museumvictoria. com.au/collections/itemimages/242/734/242734_Large.jpg

LEARNING LOOP

ACTIVITIES

WEEK 08 QUIZ:

ACTIVITY: ‘OFF CAMPUS’

Test your recall, comprehension, analysis and curiosity with 5 quiz questions in 5 minutes.

Intended Learning Outcomes: To develop an ability to understand an unfamiliar building site and the different systems used in construction projects of various scales.

DISCUSSION: The quiz will be the starting point for the weekly learning loop discussions.

Bring one element from the eLearning to discuss with your tutor and peers.

Q&A

Task: 1_ Each studio will go off campus for a guided site visit with their studio leader and project manager or representative from the construction site.

2_ Document your site visit using a combination of photographs and sketches.

3_ Identity the structural and construction systems being used at the site. Record some of the main details and the palette of materials utilised.

4_ Consider why these systems and materials have been selected (and what other alternatives may have been considered but not used).

Melbourne Rectangular Stadium, Cox Architecture, Melbourne

5_ Consider how this activity assisted your comprehension of: + Buildings under construction, + Load paths through the key elements of the structural system. + The construction program / progress and identification of relevant trades on site. + Identification of the materials in use and the methods used for installing various components. + Critical analysis of the details where materials meet.

WARNING: This site visit forms the basis of your Commercial v. Residential Comparison Appendix for your A02 IN SITU assignment.

REMINDERS: Your completed A1 drawing from Week 07's In Detail activity is required for next week's studio session (pin-up and presentation).

A01 QUIZ #3 is next week (Week 09). This quiz is worth 5% of the semester mark. This quiz will be based on your A1 drawings.

Students who do not present their finished A1 drawings will not be awarded any marks for this assessable quiz.

W09

FLIPPED CLASSROOM DETAILING STRATEGIES

Ching, 'Building Construction Illustrated', p 2.14

'MSD', by JWA and NADAAA. Photo by Peter Ashford

Spaceship Earth, Epcot Walt Disney World.

Image by Benjamin D. Esham

GEOMETRY AND MOMENT OF INERTIA

CONSTRUCTION DETAILING

COMPOSITE MATERIALS

The shapes of structural members play an important role in determining how the elements perform in different situations.

Many decisions need to be made when considering how and where different construction elements come together. What key concepts should be kept in mind when creating a construction detail?

In the built environment, materials are never used in isolation. Materials with different properties are frequently used together to provide enhanced properties and create new construction products.

Ching, 'Building Construction Illustrated', p 2.14

Ching, 'Building Construction Illustrated', p 7.48 & 7.50

DEFORMATION & DEFLECTION

CHING: 07.48 - 07.50 Movement Joints

When loads are applied to structural elements the structure deforms. What typical deviation in shape can we expect if a structure is loaded in certain ways?

Refer to the Ching text to gain an understanding of how and when movement joints should be included in construction.

http://www.cctvmon.com/glossary.html

Ching, 'Building Construction Illustrated', p 10.02

KEY TERMS

CHING: 10 Finish Work Refer to the Ching text and compare the range of materials and detailing options for finished surfaces and elements in the constructed environment.

Sandwich Panel Bending Skirting

Composite Beam Shadow line Joint Cornice

W09

STUDIO IN DETAIL (PART 2)

http://www.digital210king.org/blog/2009092301/wall_section.jpg

Perspective Section, Atelier Bow Wow, Tokyo

LEARNING LOOP

ACTIVITIES

This week's quiz is the A01 QUIZ #3 assessable quiz. It is worth 5% of your semester mark.

ACTIVITY: ‘IN DETAIL’ (PART 2)

ACTIVITY: ‘STRUCTURAL CONCEPTS’

Intended Learning Outcomes: To develop an understanding of the actual size of construction elements and the detailed relationship of individual parts. To experiment with the implications and difficulty of translating a scale drawing to a full size drawing (or a real part of the construction).

Intended Learning Outcomes: Develop a working understanding of the structural system of a building through analysis of architectural and structural documentation and detailed model making.

Task:

1_ Structural X-Ray model: in groups of 3 or 4 students, you will start the preparations for making a 1:20 scale structural model in the week 10 studio session.

Test your recall, comprehension, analysis and curiosity with 5 quiz questions in 5 minutes.

This quiz will be held at some point during the studio session.

The quiz questions will be based on the final In Detail A1 drawings prepared by each student.

Students who do not present their finished A1 drawings will not be awarded any marks for this quiz.

DISCUSSION: The quiz will be the starting point for the weekly learning loop discussions.

1_ Pin up the completed A1 1:1 detail drawings from the Week 7 studio activity.

2_ Each student will have 3 minutes to present their drawing. The presentation should focus on identifying: + what type of detail is shown, + the main elements of the detail, + the function of each element, and + the material of each element identified.

Bring one element from the eLearning to discuss with your tutor and peers.

3_ Your Studio leader will provide feedback for each student based on both the drawing and presentation.

Q&A

4_ General class feedback and a discussion of the details will also form part of the studio activity this week.

Oval Pavilion, Cox Architecture, Melbourne

Task (Briefing for Week 10):

2_ Using the Oval Pavilion drawings, look at the part of the building you will be constructing and work out the overall size of the model you will be creating.

3_ Determine what materials you will need for your model (cardboard, foam blocks, foam core, balsa, corrugated card, glue, pins etc. which your group has sourced and brought to the studio session). The model should be built on a rigid base (foam core or similar).

NOTE - all model making materials (including knives, steel rules and cutting mats) are to be provided by students for this exercise.

REMINDERS: The A02 IN SITU final assignment submission is due in week 10 at the start of your studio session (on Friday 9th October). Refer to the Subject Guide for submission details.

W10

FLIPPED CLASSROOM WHEN THINGS GO WRONG

Vassigh, 'Interactive Structures', lateral supports module

LATERAL SUPPORTS

COLLAPSES & FAILURES

HEROES & CULPRITS

When structures are designed they must withstand a range of forces, including lateral loads. What types of forces impose lateral loads and how should they be resisted?

When things go wrong: Construction expert, Peter Ashford, provides an insight into common construction and material selection failures and how they could have been avoided.

Environmental scientist, Dr Dominique Hes, provides a framework for selecting materials.

A number of environmental heros and culprits are identified and some guidance provided on their use in the constructed environment.

http://www.kithomebasics.com/images/House-frame-complete.gif

Ching, 'Building Construction Illustrated', p 12.02

http://busproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/statue-of-libertyface.jpg

LATERAL STABILITY IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

CHING: 12 Building Materials (all)

A TALE OF CORROSION

What methods are typically used to increase the lateral stability in residential buildings?

Refer to the Ching text to compare and contrast the major construction materials used in the built environment.

The Statue of Liberty is well known landmark.

How do the materials used in her construction and her location impact on the image, safety and longevity of this icon?

Ching, 'Building Construction Illustrated', p 2.09

http://www.cctvmon.com/glossary.html

CHING: 02.08 ~ 2.10 Dynamic Loads

KEY TERMS

Refer to Ching 2.08 ~ 2.10 to see how buildings react to dynamic loads. What should be considered when designing structures to withstand wind and earthquake loads?

Shear wall Soft Storey Braced Frame Lifecycle

Defect Fascia Corrosion IEQ

W10

STUDIO STRUCTURAL CONCEPTS

Oval Pavilion, Cox Architecture, Melbourne

'Structural Model', Blog 301-L, by Tantan (2008)

LEARNING LOOP

ACTIVITIES

WEEK 10 QUIZ:

ACTIVITY: ‘STRUCTURAL CONCEPTS’

Test your recall, comprehension, analysis and curiosity with 5 quiz questions in 5 minutes.

Intended Learning Outcomes: Develop a working understanding of the structural system of a building through analysis of architectural and structural documentation and detailed model making.

DISCUSSION: The quiz will be the starting point for the weekly learning loop discussions.

Bring one element from the eLearning to discuss with your tutor and peers.

Q&A

SUBMISSION Hand your A02 IN SITU final assignment submission to your studio leaders at the start of your studio session in Week 10.

The marked A02 In Situ assignments will be returned to students in the Week 12 studio.

Task: 1_ Structural X-Ray: In groups of 4-5 students, analyse the architectural and structural drawings to determine which elements form part of the structural system for the section of the case study building you have been assigned. Use the following as a guide: + Identify and describe the Structural elements and what materials are used for the elements + Identify different Structural joints + Identify different fixings (i.e. weld, concrete, reinforcement, bolt, screw, nail) NOTE - claddings and linings are not part of the structural system.

2_ Classify the structural elements according to their function. i.e. determine whether they belong to the Foundations & Footings, Horizontal and Vertical Primary Structure, Horizontal & Vertical Secondary Structure 3_ Combine and link the information found in the various parts of the Oval Pavilion construction documentation set (e.g. plans, sections, details, structural plans, structural details and member schedules). Make annotated sketches / graphic diagrams to assist with processing the information. Be careful moving between information presented at different scales.

'Structural Concepts', Constructing Envs. Student Work, 2013

4_ Using a variety of materials (cardboard, foam blocks, foam core, balsa, corrugated card, glue etc. which your group has sourced and brought to the studio session) construct a 1:20 scale model of the STRUCTURAL SYSTEM of your assigned part of the Oval Pavilion. The model should show only detail about the structural systems and should be built on a rigid base (foam core or similar).

6_ Present your model to the studio group, explaining the various components of the structural systems, the materials they are made from and the fixing methods used.

7_ Consider how this activity assisted your comprehension of: + The sequential process of construction, + Description and analysis of the structural systems and materials employed, + Classification of structural elements according to their function + Joints and fixings used for structural elements, + Performance and efficiency of materials + Comparison with other parts of the building.

REMINDERS: There are no Studio sessions in Week 11.

Use this time to catch up on your eLearning and reading modules and start you revision for the exam.

A final studio WILL be held in Week 12. The A01 Quiz #4 (5%) will be held during the week 12 studio session.

One- off Construction Workshop sessions in Weeks 11 & 12 (see your timetable for session times and dates).

W11

FLIPPED CLASSROOM A CHANGING INDUSTRY

Ching, 'Building Construction Illustrated', p 2.28

One9 Apartments, by Unitised Building

ETFE Detail, Media-ICT, Barcelona by Cloud 9 Architects

MEMBRANE & CABLE STRUCTURES

PREFABRICATION STRATEGIES

NEW MATERIALS

Refer to Ching 2.28 ~ 2.29 to learn how suspension cable, membrane and pneumatic structures function. Consider how loads are transferred or resisted by the key structural elements. What is the impact of wind ?

Many building projects now contain some prefabricated elements. What is the advantage of utilising prefabrication strategies? How do prefabrication and in situ construction methods differ?

What new materials are starting to make an appearance in the construction industry? Are they useful innovations, new ways of using old materials or simply fashions of the moment that will not continue to be used in the future?

http://www.cctvmon.com/glossary.html

BIM model, Image provided by Woods Grieve Engineers

Image by Peter Dejong / Associated Press http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/ Guardian/Pix/pictures/2014/3/28/1396021469960/9b888c19-1dc5-4b2e-b7af-bb352e021018-460x276.jpeg

KEY TERMS BIM Prefabrication Parametric ETFE

3D Printing Suspension cable Cross Laminated Timber Cold-formed steel

BIM - Building Information Modelling

3D PRINTED ARCHITECTURE

Increasingly buildings are being digitally modelled in three dimensions, linking design, construction, costing and building management. Why fare irms and their clients interested in using this new technology?

Printing complete buildings is a new concept for the construction industry. Find out how far have we already come towards achieving this goal and what is still to come.

W11

STUDIO NO STUDIO SESSION

WEEK 11 - NO STUDIO SESSIONS There will be no studio sessions held in Week 11. Use this time to catch up on your eLearning, Ching readings and to work towards your A01 QUIZ #4 in week 12.

The final studio session will be held in Week 12. The IN SITU assignments will be returned to students during that class.

W12

FLIPPED CLASSROOM REVIEW

'MSD', by JWA and NADAAA. Photo by Peter Ashford

'MSD', by JWA and NADAAA. Photo by Peter Ashford

MSD', by JWA and NADAAA. Photo by Peter Ashford

STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS REVIEW

CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS REVIEW

MATERIALS REVIEW

What structural systems were used as part of the new MSD building? Determine why different systems have been used for different parts of the building.

What construction systems were used as part of the new MSD building? What aspects of the construction process are clearly identified from this viewpoint?

Observe the different materials that have been used as part of the new MSD building.

How and where are they used? How is each material combined with others?

W12

STUDIO OUT AND ABOUT (PART 2) & SEMESTER REVIEW

Multi-choice answer sheet http://images.wisegeek.com/ standardized-test-answer-sheet.jpg

Atrium, Old Architecture Building, http://www.lib.unimelb.edu.au/ collections/archives/exhibitions/keys/web/275.html

LEARNING LOOP

ACTIVITIES

WEEK 12 QUIZ:

ACTIVITY: ‘CAMPUS LAB 2’

REVISION: SAMPLE EXAM

This week's quiz is the A01 QUIZ #4 assessable quiz. It is worth 5% of your semester mark.

Intended Learning Outcomes: To introduce the concept of built scale and to identify the basic structural systems, construction systems and materials of a variety of buildings on campus.

Selected questions from the sample exam will be reviewed to assist you move into the SWOT VAC and EXAMINATION PERIOD of the semester.

Test your recall, comprehension, analysis and curiosity with 5 quiz questions in 5 minutes.

DISCUSSION: The quiz will be the starting point for the weekly learning loop discussions.

Bring one element from the eLearning to discuss with your tutor and peers.

Q&A

Task: 1_ Your studio group will visit a selection of campus buildings.

2_ For each of the buildings visited, members of the studio group will be asked to analyse the structure, construction, materials and details.

3_ Determine how the different parts of the different buildings address the following: + water, + sun and heat, + junctions between different materials and junctions between similar material elements, + performance of materials over time, and + the relationship of the structure to the enclosing system.

4_ Consider how this activity assisted your comprehension of: + Identification of waterproofing elements + Interrogation of the detailing decisions and purpose + Where and why things go wrong (e.g. cracks, leaks, gaps). + Economic implications of decisions

http://www.onmydoorstep.com.au/heritage-listing/3805/ beaurepaire-centre Image SOHE 2008

The EXAM structure will be explained and question answering strategies discussed.

Find out what the examiners will be looking for and how you can best demonstrate what you know.

CW

CONSTRUCTION WORKSHOP LOCATION: CONSTRUCTION WORKSHOP, G23 GROUND FLOOR, MSD

'Building Site in Idaho', BHH (circa 2000)

http://www.dhub.org/grcic-and-mattiazzi-make-a-chair/waiting-formachining/

http://www.architectlover.com/amazing-ideas/clue-set-up-byelevation-workshop/

WORKSHOP SESSION

PURPOSE

EQUIPMENT AND CLOTHING

1 x 1.5 hour Construction Workshop session to be completed during the semester.

The PURPOSE of the Construction Workshop session is to:

Sessions will be held in weeks 11 and 12.

Refer Subject Program.

1_ Provide an opportunity to introduce students to the construction workshop environment, including safety induction.

For safety reasons there are restrictions on what you wear in the Construction Workshop.

If you do not wear appropriate clothing / shoes you will not be able to participate in the class.

Construction Workshop sessions are separate from your usual studio sessions.

SIGN-UP Sign-up to ONE session in your timetable.

If you select a week 12 session please select a time that does NOT clash with your Constructing Environments week 12 studio sessions.

WORKSHOP LOCATION The Construction Workshop is located on Ground Floor of the Melbourne School of Design. Walk through the model making room and find the entry door of workshop G23. Wait for the workshop staff to check your safety equipment before entering the main work area.

2_ Develop basic workshop skills to create a structure using full size materials and construction tools.

3_ Evaluate the performance of different materials and designs as alternate solutions for a set problem.

4_ Analyse the loading methods and failure mechanisms for beam type structural elements.

5_ Develop the skills required for communicating concepts and information about the constructed environment.

6_ Assist in the acquisition and appropriate use of relevant construction industry terminology and language.

1_ Shoes must be properly fitting, fully enclosed steel capped footwear. Your toes, top of the foot, back of the foot (heels) must be all completely covered.

2_ Clothing should be practical and suitable for working with workshop tools and construction materials. You will get dirty. Think about what you will wear and consider whether any part of your clothing might get caught or be damaged while you are using the workshop equipment. Avoid loose-fitting clothing, neck scarves and dangling jewellery etc.

3_ Long hair and head scarves should be tied back behind your neck/shoulders so that it won't get caught while you are using the workshop equipment.

CW

CONSTRUCTION WORKSHOP LOCATION: CONSTRUCTION WORKSHOP, G23 GROUND FLOOR, MSD

http://matsysdesign.com/2012/04/13/sg2012-gridshell/

http://www.cwc.ac.uk/hire/pgc/Pages/Workshops.aspx

http://www.thefamilyexpress.com/2011/09/real-constructiondeluxe-workshop.html

ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITIES

WORKSHOP NOTES

ACTIVITY: ‘WORKSHOP SAFETY BRIEFING’

ACTIVITY: ‘DESTRUCTIVE TESTING PHASE’

MAKE A RECORD OF YOUR SESSION

The Construction Workshop session will start with a mandatory safety briefing.

Task:

Your Construction Workshop session is part of the assessable content for the subject and the content covered will be included in the end of semester exam. Make some notes about the session activities to assist you in remembering the main points of these activities.

If you do not arrive at the session on time and you miss the safety briefing, you will be not be permitted to participate in the class.

ACTIVITY: ‘CONSTRUCTION PHASE’ Task: 1_ You will be divided into groups of 3-4 students.

2_ Each group will design and construct a structure that must span 1100mm. The maximum height of the structure will be advised before you commence your structure.

3_ Each group will use a different selection of commonly used construction materials. Look at the materials you have been assigned and think about how best to use these particular materials.

4_ A range of tools and fixings will be provided for you to use in creating your structure.

5_ Pay particular attention to how you are joing the materials together and the types of joints you are creating.

1_ Each group will place their completed structure in the testing cradle. Before the testing commences, consider whether the structure meets the span and height requirements of the brief.

2_ Increasing amounts of load will be applied to the structure until the structure fails.

3_ Record the progressive performance of the structures as the load increases.

4_ Determine how much load the structure can withstand before it becomes unstable.

Determine why the stability of the structure is failing.

5_ Determine the maximum load and deflection the structure can withstand before it experiences catastrophic failure. Determine how and why the structure failed.

6_ CLEAN UP and put away all the workshop tools as directed by the workshop staff.

SUGGESTED CONTENT: _ Annotated photographs and sketches of the constructed beams. _ Description of structural performance & failure mechanisms, including record of the applied failure load and maximum deflection for each structure. _ Record of materials and tools used. _ Analysis of key concepts used in your design such as span, shape, strength, material efficiency and joint types. _ Comparison with other teams' beams. _ Comparison between working with actual construction materials as opposed to working with scale model making materials. _ Add any new terms to your Glossary Appendix.