A Fast Filling Station for the Compressed Air Car

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Driving and Filling Personal Vehicles – The Questions of Energy and Power - Density ( A Fast Filling Station for the Compressed Air Car ) A. Rufer, S. Lemofouet, M. Habisreutinger, M. Heidari, A. Leuba EPFL, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne CH 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland

Abstract: In the context of the development of zero emissions personal vehicles, compressed air cars have been proposed, as alternative solutions to electric solutions, with a small energy content leading to a limited range, but with interesting properties regarding aging phenomena, costs, and possibility to be recharged rapidly. This paper discusses the questions of energy – and power-density of alternative vehicles like electric and compressed air solutions. It proposes and describes a concept of a fast filling station recently developed. The system uses a local reservoir that is precharged by an isothermal compression machine. The fast transfer itself uses a low dissipation nozzle limiting the transfer flow rate. Then, in order to recover the heat produced during the fast pressure rise in the vehicle’s reservoir, a dedicated recirculation system is activated in order to reach finally the higher air mass-density in it, corresponding to the best energy content on board. Simulation results are presented, and an experimental setup is described.

Keywords: electrical vehicule, compressed air car, fast filling, car autonomy, recirculation

1. Introduction The fact that humankind passed the 150% threshold in its use of the planet’s resources available each year has only alerted a limited number of individuals. The years 2010 and 2011 however, with the two significant events of the Gulf of Mexico and Eastern Japan with severe environmental impacts related to the use of fossil and nuclear resources have been the trigger of many interrogations. From the scientific community to the political world, there is no doubt that fundamental questions need to be answered, namely that of the unlimited and unconsiderated energy consumption per capita [1]. Many sectors of the energy consumption are concerned, but the individual transportation occupies a front place in the list of problematic energy users. After several decades of hesitations following the first oil crisis, the automotive industry finally presented 2010 the first for mass production designed electric car. Significant progress in the energy density of electrochemical accumulators, together with reliable and performant electric propulsion systems using modern semiconductor devices and permanent magnet synchronous motors have contributed to this important developpement.

Alfred Rufer, alfred.rufer@epfl.ch


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