Texcitement and preparation. I spent hours scrolling through TikTok, eagerly watching videos about Bristol’s vibrant nightlife, quirky cafés, and buzzing student societies. I pored over my reading lists and dreamt of decorating my first student flat. What I didn’t anticipate, however, was that most of my student loan would evaporate into paying for damp, subpar accommodation— and that I’d end up living alongside an unwelcome, fungal housemate.
ogies to Christmas jumpers. For many students, it’s more than just an eyesore; it’s a health hazard.
When I changed my sheets, I found a massive patch of mould on the wall that had transferred to my pillow. I had to throw it away and replace it.’
my
Take, for instance, the experience of one second-year student who asked to remain anonymous: ‘When [the letting agency] moved my wardrobe, it was completely covered in mould. I had to throw some of my clothes out too,’ they explained. But the impact went further than ruined outfits. ‘I started getting tightness in my chest and headaches before bed.
For Molly, a second-year student, the e ects of mould were even more severe. ‘I ended up needing four rounds of antibiotics, an inhaler, and even more antibiotics for my ribs because it hurt too much to breathe’, she recalled. Yet when students turn to landlords or letting agencies for
help, the response is depressingly familiar: ‘Just open a window.’
astonishing. On Bristol based letting agency, which was mentioned to us multiple times, seems to have become synonymous with mould-related horror stories amongst the student body. One student shared a particularly vivid account: ‘Avoid [the lettings agent] like the plague.
> continue reading on page 12
Annie McNamee Co-Editor-in-Chief
What’s your least favourite month? It’s probably January. And if it isn’t that, then it’s definitely February.
We’ve made it to the bum-end of the year. No more shiny lights to distract you from the dark – this is all the worst parts of winter without the saving graces of the holiday season, and these days it’s frowned upon to drink your way through. Whilst coming back to uni was exciting, there was something particularly grim about returning from my warm family home, complete with waggy-tailed dog and homemade soups, to a damp, damp student house.
Student properties are almost universally rubbish. I can’t count the number of times I’ve bonded with coursemates over our subpar living standards; rats under fridges, absent landlords, and, always, mould. Mould behind the sofa, mould in the shower, mould on the ceiling and mould crawling up the walls. Mould in your shoes, your handbags, your lungs. It’s everywhere, and it’s growing.
The National Union of Students found that somewhere around 50% of students have mould or damp in their homes, which, frustratingly, does not shock me at all. They also note that the number is only getting larger, so it could be well over half within a few years if nothing is done.
Students are expected to put up with a lot – excuse my language –of bullshit. Our tuition fees are rising but we’re not even getting good jobs out of them anymore, that is if
Annie McNamee and Amaan Ali Co-Editors-in-Chief
we’re lucky enough to get jobs at all. We have to study full time and work part time because god knows our loans don’t cover any of our basic living expenses, loans which only about a third of us will ever actually repay. Anything we complain about is seen by many as the tantrums of a few privileged teenagers, and now we can’t even expect our homes, which we pay as much as anyone else for (there’s no student discount for rent), to be liveable.
To paint damp as a uniquely student issue would be wrong; that is not the point I intend to make. No one should be shelling out hundreds of pounds to live in a place which is making them sick, but there are unique challenges that come with being a student renter, and that’s why we’re launching ‘Break the Mould’.
Break the Mould is an Epigram campaign, aiming to reduce the amount of student houses with damp or mould. The idea was born one day in my cold little house, as we doused my wardrobe in mould spray for the third time that month, and my flatmate, disgruntled, said ‘this was not brought up when we signed the contract’.
Something clicked. Landlords have the choice of dozens of people vying for their homes. They can turn down large groups they think will be rowdy, people with pets, anyone that they don’t deem a good fit for their property, and all we get is a
quick look around before we commit to a year long lease. How is that fair? We deserve better. As renters, and as students. Landlords and letting agencies who take our money, whilst refusing to properly maintain our homes, should be held to account, and we have the right to know who is and isn’t reliable.
We are suggesting a web page where students can anonymously upload ‘reviews’ of their landlords or letting agencies, warding o anyone else from signing with them, or, alternatively recommending them. We are asking the SU to support us in creating a system where those with positive reviews will become ‘verified’, and those with negative ones will be held to account. We are also setting up a dedicated page on Epigram’s website with all the info about mould and damp you could possibly need. We’ve got everything from horror stories to advice on what to do if you find the fungus lurking in your house. You’ll also find some of that information in this very paper, on page 12.
Students deserve the basic dignity of homes which keep them safe, not infect their bodies. If you agree with us, and believe that the mould epidemic in student housing needs to stop, please sign our change.org petition, accessible through the QR code opposite, to show the SU that we have the support of the student body in this campaign. Together, let’s Break the Mould, and create safer homes for students.
Co-Editors-in-Chief: Amaan Ali & Annie McNamee
Deputy Editors: Sofia Webster & Will Standring
News
Co-Editors: Josie Hodgson & Maud Humphries
Co-Deputy Editors: Rhiannon Jenkins & Beatrice Learmouth
Investigations Editor: Will White & Sofia Lambis Subeditors: Otto Proctor & Cerys Larsen
Opinion
Editor: Karen Mends
Co-Deputy Editors: Alex Creighton & Hannah Moser
Subeditors: Ellen Jones & Riana McConochie
Features
Editor: Nel Roden
Co-Deputy Editors: Jessica Cohen & Daisy Yates
Investigative Correspondent: Benedict Chester
Subeditors: Reuben Kerbes & Illona Ho man
Arts
Editor: Bruno Bridger
Co-Deputy Editors: Elizabeth Abbott & Ella Heathcote
Culture Editors: Anushka Dongare & Natalia Dewhurst
Correspondents: Patrick Chandler & Julia Anna Masluszczak
Subeditors: Eve Davies & Bobbi Carsley Film & TV
Editor: Max Bradley-Cole
Co-Deputy Editors: Meadow Wattret & Chien Wen Sow
Subeditors: Nadiya Jackson & Marianne Chatburn
Music
Editor: Benji Chapman
Co-Deputy Editors: Aditi Hrisheekesh & Megan Foulk Subeditors: Amelie Peters & Sophie Scannell
Sci-Tech & Gaming
Editor: Corin Hadley
Deputy Editors: Miles Gilroy & James Lewis
Subeditor: Ellie Barnes
Head Researcher: Harrison Phillips
Sport
Editor: Faniki Deche
Deputy Editors: Sean Lawrenson & Adam Mountain
Subeditor: Mihai Rosca
Design
Lead Designer: Julia Mullins
Resident Designers: Alexandra Hill & Will White
Business
Managing Director (President): Livy Naylor
Deputy Director (Vice-President): Angelica Singh
Finance Director (Treasurer): Ella Mason
Marketing Director (Social Secretary): Claudia Tipper
Ads & Sales Director: Anika Sharma
Media Ethics & EDI O cer: Lily Wheeler
Head of Technology: Dhillon Thurairatnam
Social Media
Social Media Manager: Charlotte Kyle
Deputy Social Media Manager: Eleni Paraskeva Video Social Media Creator: Kyia Small
To write for us, simply join a WhatsApp community! Each section releases commissions at the first of the month
We've paired up with Overheard at UoB to share with you some exclusive quotes from campus. The following are actual things people have said in and around the University of Bristol, not made up caricatures – we promise.
Follow them on Instagram: @overheardatu0b
Waking me up at 6am - "Can you watch the cat, I have to shag this man, he said he'd drive us to Clifton in his Jeep later"
"He won't mind the shit room, he'll be happy to have a roof over his head... he's northern"
"My dad can't guarantee my house for next year because for some reason you can't guarantee as an MP"
Keir Starmer's government is entering 2025 with big plans. But how will these planned policies a ect you as a student?
Maud Humphries News Co-Editor
Labour government has seen their popularity ratings decrease rapidly since their electoral landslide victory in July 2024. The countrywide riots following the Southport stabbings in late July, the Autumn Budget, including taking away the Winter Fuel payment for many pensioners, and the inheritance tax on certain British farmers, are only some of the complex issues and controversies that this government has faced since July.
Before the election, Starmer's approval ratings were still positive at +2%, but have now fallen, according to a YouGov poll taken before Christmas, to -32%. However, they enter 2025 with high hopes to introduce their promised big policy reforms.
Education minister, Bridget Phillipson, is focusing on increasing pupil attendance and retaining more teachers. One of their memorable
election commitments will also be introduced this year, free breakfast clubs to all primary schools.
It was announced in Autumn last year that that university tuition fees in England will rise for the first time in eight years.
The maximum annual fee will increase by £285 to reach £9,535 next year, a 3.1% rise linked to inflation, according to the government.
Alongside the planned fee increase, maintenance loans for university students in England will now rise in line with inflation, potentially providing students with up to £400 extra per year.
Ministers have promised to build 1.5 million new homes, central to this commitments was to improve the ease and possibility of young people and gradu-
ates being able to buy homes.
The UK has seen a serious decline of home ownership and firsttime buyers for those aged 16-34.
An increase to the minimum wage may also a ect students as of April 2025. Those aged 21 and over will see a 6.7% rise in wages, from £11.44 to 12.21, as part of the Labour mission to ‘Kickstart economic growth.
Chancellor Rachel Reeves' Autumn Budget aimed to gain more money for public services. Economic growth however, is stalling, with only 0.9% growth in 2024.
Economists predict the UK's GDP to increase between 1.2-1.5% in 2025, however they also warn that geopolitical events and international relations may alter this, with President-elect Trump being sworn in later this month.
Flu cases are rising at an alarming rate across the UK. At least 17 hospitals have declared a 'critical incident.' At this time of crisis how can we protect our health service?
Hospitals in the UK are struggling to manage an unprecedented surge in flu cases as 17 hospitals declare critical incidents at the time of publication.
A critical incident is a status invoked when healthcare services are negatively impacted and cannot provide adequate patient care due to an overwhelming increase in demand. Healthcare facilities majorly a ected include those in
Birmingham, Liverpool and Plymouth. Hampshire, Birmingham and Liverpool, in particular, are struggling to cope with patient demand.
Reports indicate that on the 29th of December over 5000 people were hospitalised - a fourfold increase in just a few weeks. The continuing rise in flu cases strains all aspects of healthcare facilities nationwide, a ecting emergency services to intensive care units within hospitals. The situation is so dire that most wards are now operating at full capacity with some hospitals having to use their waiting areas to accommodate and treat patients.
These record-breaking admissions eerily mirror those during the COVID-19 crisis, causing concern among many healthcare workers.
Sta shortages due to illness and burnout continue to exacerbate
the issue. Alongside the adverse e ects on sta , routine procedures and elective surgeries are now being cancelled or postponed to make way for urgent and severe cases. This has increased public scrutiny and patient frustration towards healthcare services, with some waiting up to 50 hours to see a doctor.
This crisis may not be limited to flu alone. To add to this already outof-hand situation, there is now the possibility of a so-called ‘quad-demic’ occurring, as cases of COVID-19, norovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus have also begun appearing.
Public health experts suggest this could have long-term health consequences for patients su ering from chronic conditions due to them being immunocompromised and vulnerable as well as their access to routine care being delayed.
With flu cases on the rise all over the UK, it is wise to familiarise yourself with some preventative measures:
The flu vaccine is the most ecient and e ective way to prevent illness. You can get one by booking an appointment at your nearest pharmacy that o ers an NHS flu vaccine. It is particularly important for people belonging to vulnerable groups: the elderly, children and individuals su ering from chronic health conditions.
This is self-explanatory, but remember to wash your hands regularly for at least 20 seconds and avoid touching your face, specifically your eyes, nose and mouth. These simple things can go a long way in curbing the spread of flu.
distancing
If you experience flu-like symptoms like a runny nose or a fever, stay home and rest to avoid spreading the virus. Also, avoid contact with sick individuals and try to steer clear of big crowds during this flu season.
Remain Warm
This will be a hard one during this exceptionally cold winter, but cold weather is known to exacerbate any form of respiratory illness. Keep your thermals and jumpers handy and ensure your home is well-heated.
Co-Editors Deputy Editor News Investigations Subeditors
Maud Humphries & Josie Hodgson
Bea Learmouth & Rhiannon Jenkins
Will White & Sofia Lambis ......................Otto Proctor & Cerys Larsen
Mary Page, Media, PR and Marketing specialist, has been announced as the Green candidate for May's WECA Mayoral election.
Josie Hodgson News
Co-Editor
Page’s candidacy came about after Heather Mack, Deputy Leader of Bristol City Council, stepped down to focus on her council responsibilities.
In her announcement, Page expressed gratitude to Mack for her contributions to the campaign, and outlined her vision for the region.
She stated:
“It’s my pleasure and honour to be the Green Party candidate in the West of England mayoral campaign. [...] Labour is just not delivering the practical, positive changes that are so desperately needed to make people’s lives easier day to day. We need housing that builds rather than breaks communities, opportunities to train and upskill for permanent, quality jobs, and sustainable transport for both cities and rural areas. The Green Party is committed to those things, and that’s why I am so delighted to be
representing us in this campaign.”
Page previously ran for the Green Party in the Avonmouth and Lawrence Weston ward during the May 2024 city council elections, and also served as the party’s parliamentary candidate for Bristol North West in the July 2024 General Election, where she secured a second-place finish behind Labour.
Page’s career spans roles with the UK Government’s National Composites Centre, the Department of Work and Pensions, Jobs 22, South Gloucestershire Council, and the BBC, alongside various media outlets.
Labour has selected Helen Godwin, a former Bristol City Council cabinet member, as their candidate for the upcoming election.
'Labour is just not delivering the practical, positive changes that are so desperately needed'
Godwin has a background in local government, playing a key role in supporting initiatives aimed at improving affordable housing, promoting sustainable development, and addressing issues of inequality. As Labour’s candidate, Godwin will be advocating for continued investment into public services and infrastructure across the West of England.
A former Lib Dem, Page also led the successful “It’s Our City Bristol” campaign, which secured the 2022 referendum to abolish the directly elected Bristol mayoral system. She described this victory as “the first leg of a journey to transform our local and regional democratic systems.”
The current Labour WECA (West of England Combined Authority) Mayor, Dan Norris - elected in 2021 - will not seek re-election, due to his recent election as North East Somerset and Hanham MP, following Labour Party rules prohibiting dual mandates. Instead,
Another candidate in the race is Steve Smith, representing the Conservative Party. Smith was the first ocial nominee to be announced, back in November 2024. His campaign focuses on enhancing connectivity, supporting businesses, and promoting regional investments for sustainable economic growth. Smith has pledged to restore "grown-up leadership" to the combined authority, and stimulate economic development across the region.
As of January 14 2025, the Liberal Democrats have not yet announced their candidate for the WECA election scheduled for May 1, 2025. The
The Green Councillors of Bristol’s local government have put forward
motion calling for a ceasefire in Gaza and for the UK to end its arms trade with
party has previously fielded candidates in the 2021 election, where Stephen Williams represented them.
The WECA oversees strategic governance across Bristol, South Gloucestershire, and Bath and North East Somerset, focusing on key areas such as planning, transport and housing. Independent auditors have highlighted concerns regarding the organisation's governance and its inability to deliver value for money (VfM), though the combined authority has made e orts to address these issues.
University Challenge: Bristol team 'annihilate' Exeter in second round victory
Will White, News Investigations Editor
Bristol's University Challenge team smash their way through to the quarter finals, beating Exeter by a whopping 290-35.
'The results will indicate public priorities, confidence in leadership, and the e ectiveness of campaign strategies'
Labour won the last WECA mayoral election in 2021 with 33% of the vote followed by the Conservatives with 29%. The Greens followed in third with 22% support. Although the mean turnout for WECA mayoral elections is a mere 33.16%, the election will still be an important reflection of local political sentiment and voter engagement in the region.
The results will indicate public priorities, confidence in leadership, and the e ectiveness of campaign strategies.
Edward Wallace, First year Politics and Social Policy
This article o ers an incisive exploration of how Artificial Intelligence is reshaping the workforce. By blending current trends with thoughtful analysis, it highlights the changing value of university degrees, the growing importance of both technical and soft skills, and the unique role of Gen Z in navigating this transformation. The piece stands out for its relevance to our search for jobs as students and balances optimism with realism. It asks the hard questions—how can students thrive in an AI-driven job market? Are universities doing enough to prepare graduates? This is a must-read for anyone seeking to understand the profound impact of AI on careers and education.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is not a new concept — its foundations were laid decades ago — but the way it is being deployed today, with unprecedented levels of sophistication and integration across industries, marks a transformative shift. From automating mundane tasks to powering complex decision-making systems, AI’s capabilities are reshaping the modern workforce.
For students and graduates, these advancements are redefining career opportunities, demanding new skill sets, and raising critical questions about the future of work. Is Artificial Intelligence a revolutionary force driving progress and opportunity in the workforce, or a disruptive power widening inequalities and favouring only a select few?
AI is revolutionising modern businesses in ways once thought impossible, from streamlining operations to transforming recruitment practices. This raises important questions for students and
ates: are degrees still the defining factor for career success, or is the value of a degree diminishing in an AI-driven job market?
In fact, many employers are now lowering minimum qualification requirements, shifting their focus from academic performance to broader skills like adaptability, creativity, and problem-solving. For today’s graduates, this signals a need to look beyond grades and build the capabilities employers are prioritising. But for those investing in higher education, it begs the question: how much is a university degree worth in a world increasingly valuing real-world experience and versatile skills?
ket, the true value of a degree may no longer lie in the classroom alone but in how well students adapt to this rapidly changing landscape.
'Nearly 50% of companies have reviewed their selection processes using AI tools to identify talent beyond traditional methods like CVs and academic records.'
In today’s rapidly evolving world, students must look beyond their coursework and actively enhance their skill sets—because soon, a degree alone may not cut it. Technical expertise in areas like coding, data analysis, and AI literacy are quickly becoming the gold standard in a job market shaped by technological advancement. The shifting landscape is also creating a stark divide in the value of certain degrees, reflected clearly in wage disparities.
The next generation entering the workforce, Gen Z, is already at the heart of this AI-driven transformation. A recent survey shows that 47 percent of Gen Zs are excited about AI in the workplace, seeing it as a tool for e ciency and innovation. However, with the promise of career growth comes uncertainty for others, as the future of work balances opportunity and disruption.
As AI continues to evolve, graduates face a pivotal challenge: leveraging their education to supplement the skills AI cannot replace. In a world where technology is redefining the job mar-
For instance, graduates in Creative Arts and Design start with an average starting salary of £21,000, while their counterparts in Engineering and Computer Science earn nearly 30 percent more. Why the gap? AI is now automating roles traditionally filled by creative arts graduates, such as graphic design, content creation, and even music composition. Tools like AI-driven graphic generators and automated video editing software are becoming the norm, reducing demand for entry-level creative roles.
sential in an AI-driven world. While AI can process data and automate tasks at unprecedented speeds, it cannot replicate human qualities such as emotional intelligence, critical thinking, and creativity.
'Fields like Computer Science and Engineering are thriving, as these graduates are the architects of the very AI systems reshaping the workforce'
Employers are recognising this gap, with 92 percent of hiring managers identifying soft skills as equally or more important than technical skills.
The message is clear: to remain competitive, students must adapt to the demands of an AI-driven job market by developing technical and transferable skills that machines can’t replace.
In addition to technical skills, soft skills are becoming increasingly es-
For students, this means honing interpersonal abilities, adaptability, and problem-solving to stand out in a workforce increasingly shared with intelligent machines. Graduates who can complement AI capabilities with human-centric skills will have the edge, particularly in leadership roles and collaborative environments where empathy and communication are key.
This shift also raises questions
about how universities are preparing students for the changing job market. Are traditional degrees doing enough to instil the combination of technical and soft skills needed in the AI era? While courses in Engineering and Computer Science provide a strong foundation for navigating this transformation, other disciplines must adapt by integrating tech-focused modules and emphasising transferable skills. The key is balance: blending specialised knowledge with the ability to pivot across industries and roles.
As AI continues to redefine career paths, the question isn’t whether students should adapt, but how quickly they can. Will graduates see AI as a partner, enhancing their potential, or as a competitor, threatening their future? The answer may ultimately determine whether they thrive in this new landscape—or risk being left behind.
Editor
Mends
Creighton
Moser
McConochie
Jones
A critique of the financial challenges students face as they navigate their studies and the cost of living crisis.
Alexandra Hill Epigram Design Editor
Your parents shut the door behind you and finally you’re on your own, standing awkwardly between your suitcase, your keycard, and the bareness of the room allocated to you in your new halls of residence. It’s Freshers Week, aptly named for promising
exactly what you came for: freedom, change, and a fresh start from the turmoil of the Covid years. With three, four, five of the “best years of your life” ahead of you, a fluttering feeling of excitement starts to grow in your belly - it’s only up from here. But a few years later, you’re standing outside your tiny mould-infested flat, deep into your overdraft, accelerating through your final year as graduation looms over your shoulder. And you ask yourself, where did all the time go? Did I make the most of it? Was my degree really worth the price?
If you feel like your period of post-Covid optimism has dissipated into a muddy puddle of “Cozzie Livs” (Cost of Living Crisis) self-despair, you’re not alone. While politics and economics have assuredly not been first choice conversation starters at your flat’s Christmas dinner, we all remember the horrors of the inflation rate peak in October 2022, soaring to a 40-year high of 11.1%. Radiators turned o and avocados were scrapped from the
weekly shop as students faced a 17% increase in their cost of living, resulting in over a fifth of students admitting to entering their overdraft by the 2024/2025 academic year. And from 1st August 2025, tuition fees are set to rise by an additional 3.1% from £9,250 per year for full time students to £9,535. As Socrates once said, the math just ain’t mathing.
From the moment I arrived at the University of Bristol in September 2021, I felt like 2025, the year of my graduation, was decades away. In spite of being told I was taking a “soft subject” or a “rip-o degree” (divisive terms we’ve all heard tossed around in recent political rhetoric), I decided to follow my heart and take four years of English and French. Mounting debt and lack of post-grad career opportunities were a troubling combination, and I started to question whether I should’ve committed to three
arduous years of Law or scrapped university entirely in favour of something more vocational. But by the end of first year and several Sainsbury’s own-brand bottles of vodka later, I had fallen in love with the city and, more importantly, my degree. Excitement to start second year was immeasurable.
Behind me stood my entire academic career, the qualifications I had gained and subjects I had dropped.
If you weren’t at the University in the 2022/2023 academic year, count yourself lucky. A wave of student frustration and dissatisfaction tsunami'd its way up and down the country as universities faced strike action from the University and College Union (UCU) across the entire year. While university sta rightly crossed the picket line over disputes of pay, pensions, and workload, many students, particularly within the Faculty of Arts, felt disproportionately a ected. With my course losing approximately half of its teaching hours in the spring term, I asked myself, what am I really paying for?
This piece explores the dilemma faced by those of us who need to decide what our next steps are after university.
Agnes Dorling Third Year, English
“So, what are your plans for next year?” A question to make your throat dry up and mouth hang open helplessly in the absence of a satisfactory answer springing forth from it to quell expectations and release you from the awkwardness of this conversation.
I usually just answer with a meek, “I haven’t really worked that out yet.” and that tends to do the job of ending any further inquiries. When
I did once provide a more concrete and actionable answer to that question, asked by a friend of a friend at Cori Tap (I won’t pretend that the conversation was free-flowing), that I’d probably just work at a local pub I work at during university holidays to make some money and figure out what I awctually want to do, he gave me the helpful and solicited advice to “be more ambitious” (granted he also complained about his meagre salary of 60k on a placement year and told me, in all sincerity, that he’d fear he’d have to wear a bulletproof vest if he ever visited my local area, the dark depths of Stoke Newington).
Recently, I’ve often found myself thinking about the famous Sylvia Plath fig tree quote from her novel The Bell Jar, where her protag-
onist imagines figs of opportunity shrivelling up and dying before her eyes due to her indecision and inability to pick just one of them (a comforting thought, I know). On the other hand, I’m also frequently imagining my older self, in her 40s or 50s, looking back at her younger, more foolish self needlessly worrying about her life slipping away from her at the ripe old age of 22, and gently reproaching her for her inappropriate sense of scale, her needless anxiety over things she had seemingly endless amounts of: time to think and mistakes to make. Studying at a place like Bristol (or probably any university, I have no special knowledge to assume Bristol is exceptional in this case), where your peers are seemingly all applying for grad schemes or landing cushy internships, the
hiring processes of which you’re unsure are strictly honourable and upright - “There’s GOT to be an uncle or something, surely? I swear that stu ’s not allowed to happen anymore??” - can make you feel a little insecure about your own future prospects in comparison. Most of us have to make a choice
to narrow things down a little bit.
As Oscar Wilde once said, “If you want to be a grocer, or a general, or a politician, or a judge, you will invariably become it; that is your punishment.” and I for one would like to delay that punishment for as long as possible.
Nadia Anwar-Watts Fourth Year, Music and German Nadia makes the case against Big Tech's growing political influence
In recent years, the digital age has witnessed a troubling evolution: a handful of tech titans consolidating immense power while aligning themselves with right-wing ideologies. This confluence of monopolistic control and political influence has given rise to what the former Greek finance minister, Yanis Varoufakis, describes as ‘Technofeudalism’, a term encapsulating a system where monopolistic tech giants dominate society, exploiting users and consolidating influence akin to modern-day feudal lords.
IEditor Deputy Editor
Deputy Editor
Subeditor
Moser ..........Riana McConochie ........................Ellen Jones
Subeditor ....................Karen Mends ..................Alex Creighton
Mark Zuckerberg, once a supporter of ‘progressive’ causes, has increasingly leaned into right-wing ideologies. His $1 million donation to Trump’s inauguration fund signalled a turning point. More recently, he has implemented measures at Meta to reduce content moderation, ostensibly due to concerns that right-wing voices were disproportionately silenced. It might be worth considering that this shift could mean less about free speech and more about pandering to a political base. Zuckerberg’s
In a stark departure from his earlier stances- such as opposing mass deportations under the Trump administration in 2016, Zuckerberg has shown a growing a nity for conservative agendas.
decision to promote longtime Republican insider, Joel Kaplan, as Meta’s head of global policy, replacing a familiar name, Nick Clegg, underscores this alignment.
Elon Musk’s political journey mirrors Zuckerberg’s, albeit with an even more overt embrace of right-wing ideologies. Once a voter of Obama, Clinton, and Biden, Musk now champions the very forces he once seemed to oppose. Trump’s infamous quote in regard to sexual assault— ‘When you’re a star […] you can do any-
thing’—seems to resonate with Musk’s enjoyment of the impunity that comes with wealth and power.
The transformation is not without context. Tesla’s stock price and Musk’s personal fortune skyrocketed following Trump’s election. As Forbes reports, Musk’s wealth has ‘ballooned to an astounding $440 billion.’ Even Trump’s former advisor, Steve Bannon, has criticised Musk, calling him an ‘evil guy’ and describing ‘his aggregation of wealth, and then - through wealth - power: that’s what he’s focused on.’
The convergence of technology and right-wing ideology marks a dangerous juncture in the dig-
ital age. As tech billionaires like Zuckerberg and Musk consolidate power, they are reshaping society in ways that prioritize their interests over democratic principles and social equity. Addressing this challenge requires not only regulatory action from governments and other major companies, but also a collective commitment to resist the allure of the digital aristocracy. With a broad understanding of the dynamics of Technofeudalism, we can make more informed choices about the platforms we use and the leaders we support. The time to act is now, before the new lords of the digital manor entrench their rule irrevocably.
This article highlights the significant challenges faced by international students in the UK job market, including high visa costs,and limited work opportunities due to strict visa regulations
Brigette Lee Third Year, Law
nternational students comprised 35 percent of the student population at the University of Bristol in 2023 and 2024 and the UK government sponsored 446,924 study visas in the year ending March 2024 (Universities UK). Fellow international students are no doubt familiar with the stress of visas – applying for them, waiting for decisions, and fretting over the strict conditions, but in this article, I will be focusing more specifically on work visas.
To start, an international stu-
dent’s only option to work in the UK after graduation is through the graduate visa. Currently, its application fee stands at a whopping upfront cost of £2,892.
On the second day of the Employer Showcase last year, Student Circus hosted a presentation called ‘simplifying the job search for international students’ in which the presenter bluntly stated that many employers immediately reject applicants who declare that they would require visa sponsorship; some job descriptions even discourage applications right o the bat. In light of this, students may feel like they have to come up with the money themselves (which the student visa hampers, in light of the 20-hour weekly work limit and the ban on self-employment),.
Moreover, the presentation outlined how employers may hesitate to hire international students because they may be unable to ‘assimilate’ into English work culture. As you may expect, I left this presentation feeling frustrat-
ed and unwanted, thinking I was better o returning to my home country to work after graduation.
There is of course, the possibility for a potential employer to sponsor one's visa but companies are
Speaking of disadvantages, international students are unable to participate in work experience schemes during scheduled term time (i.e., winter/spring) because of the 20-hour work limit and would either have to apply for highly competitive summer schemes, or apply with less experience than their British counterparts. To add, the visa’s strict attendance rules which require students to check in for university contact hours at least once every week may also mean that international students have less time to perfect their applications.
When coupled with an impending fear of deportation after two years and a heavy weight of responsibil-
ity to either repay loans or make one’s parents’ hefty education investment worth it, it is unsurprising that many international students can feel burdened and overhwlemed., anxious to succeed quickly, and depressed. Upon returning home, students may also feel like they have failed and disappointed themselves and/or their parents.
Thus, make sure to check on your international friends who are braving the gruelling UK job markets. As hard as job searching has been as of late, I can assure you that it has been harder for them. I want to thank Liz Durughian and Sean Lowks for their insights that helped shape this article.
Editor
Deputy Editor
Deputy Editor
Subeditor
Subeditor
Nel Roden Jess Cohen Daisy Yates Ilona Ho mann
Reuben Kerbes
By Nadia Anwar-Watts Fourth Year, Music and German
For this month’s Editor's Choice, I’ve chosen Nadia Anwar-Watts’ exploration of the current landscape of postgraduate study and whether a panic master's is worth it. Amidst the uncertainties about graduate career prospects and the value of further education, many at this point in the term will be questioning whether pursuing a master’s is the best option. In conversation with another Bristol University student, Nadia brings to us a refreshing perspective on the subject, reiterating the importance of taking your time when making these decisions. So read, enjoy, and take what you need from this wonderful piece. I hope it'll be of use to those of you who are plagued by the question: ‘So, what are you doing next year?’
The final months of university are a time of relief and celebration, posed against a looming uncertainty about our future's post graduation. After years of structured learning, we are suddenly forced to navigate the transition from education and living with friends, to professional working life. For many, the thought of leaving the familiarity of university life is overwhelming, so it’s no surprise that increasing numbers of graduates are opting to pursue a master's degree – not necessarily because it aligns with their career aspirations, but because it seems like the most palatable option.
Between 2017/18 and 2022/23, the number of postgraduate students in the UK rose by a staggering 65 per cent, according to the Higher Education Statistics Agency
(HESA). In 2022/23, over 548,000 students were enrolled in postgraduate study, compared to just over 332,000 five years earlier. This surge reflects a shift in attitude towards entering the professional world, following decreasing levels of postgraduate employment. Graduates are increasingly encouraged to prolong their studies to gain an edge in a fiercely competitive job market, whereby positions advertised as ‘entry-level’ often require a minimum of one year of professional working experience. Yet, as the phenomenon of the so-called panic master's reveals, this choice is not always as calculated as it might seem.
'In 2022/23, over 548,000 students were enrolled in postgraduate study'
To gain an understanding of this phenomenon, Epigram spoke to Harry, a recent neuroscience graduate from Bristol, who had planned to pursue a master's degree before ultimately deciding against it: ‘I chose to do the master's because I didn’t really want to go back home’, he admitted. ‘I also didn’t feel ready to finish uni and was just scared about what I would do next.’ His decision to cancel his enrolment stemmed from a realisation that his motivations were flawed. ‘The course I chose was way di erent to my undergrad course’, he explained, ‘I wanted to go into something else, but later realised I wasn’t actually interested in it and hadn’t done the proper research. All the reasons I decided to do it were not good reasons, which is why I eventually chose not to go ahead with it. I think if you choose to do a master's, you should have a particular career in mind.’ Harry noted that now, six months after graduating, he hasn’t regretted his decision at all. Leah, a final-year classics student, is in the process of deciding whether to pursue a master's. Speaking to Epigram, she described the factors which are pulling her to stay in Bristol for one more year: ‘I’m not ready to leave my friends or move back home’. ‘Doing a master's feels like a way to delay real life’, she continued, ‘while also giving myself the chance to pivot into something new—like film, which I didn’t study as an undergraduate but want to pursue professionally.’ When asked about the financial implications of a master’s, Leah acknowledged the high cost of the decision, but responded, ‘I would feel bad to move back home and add more financial strain onto my parents. Plus, I
‘Doing a master's feels like a way to delay real life’
would get 25 per cent o the fees if I stay in Bristol, which is quite tempting’. Leah’s reflections capture a common sentiment among graduates: the desire to prolong the safety of university life whilst keeping career options open. The statistics appear to validate this instinct. Postgraduates are, on average, 12 per cent more likely to secure professional-level employment than bachelor’s degree holders. Furthermore, a 2024 government report on the Graduate Labour Market found that the median salary for postgraduates stands at £45,000 – £6,500 more than their undergraduate counterparts and £18,000 more than non-graduates. These figures underscore the potential benefits of further study, particularly in a challenging labour market. Yet, the reality is not always as straightforward as the numbers suggest. In 2023, employment rates fell for both graduates and non-graduates, with a 0.8 percentage point decrease for young graduates and a 2.0 percentage point decrease for non-graduates. Moreover, the demand for jobs continues to outpace available positions, with Adzuna reporting a 30.2 per cent decline in graduate job vacancies between February 2023 and February 2024. While a master's degree may enhance employability, it is no guarantee of immediate success. Compounding this uncertainty is the issue of ‘entry-level’ roles requiring professional experience – a frustrating paradox for many recent graduates. With limited opportunities to gain meaningful work experience alongside undergraduate studies, the prospect of postgraduate study often feels
'In 2023, employment rates fell for both graduates and non-graduates'
like the only viable route forward. Yet, as Harry’s experience illustrates, rushing into a master's without a clear sense of direction could lead to regret and wasted resources. Beyond the professional and financial considerations, the emotional and social factors driving graduates toward further study are significant. Many students find the abrupt end to university life overwhelming. The dreaded question, ‘What are you doing next year?’ looms large, often carrying the implicit expectation of a polished answer. Moving back home or taking time to figure things out can feel like admitting failure in a culture that prizes productivity and forward momentum. Nonetheless, taking time to reflect and explore alternatives can be a valuable step. Gaining work experience, volunteering, or even taking a gap year can provide clarity and perspective that might not be possible when transitioning straight into further study. While master’s degrees can open doors, they should not be pursued as a default option or a means of avoiding di cult decisions. Ultimately, the decision to undertake a master's degree is a personal one and should be approached with careful consideration. For some, it represents an essential academic step toward achieving specific career goals. For others, it may be more beneficial to spend time gaining practical experience or reassessing longterm ambitions.
But if you are able to overcome the financial barrier, delaying ‘real life’ for one more year to live with friends and ease into the professional world whilst gaining a master's degree, the panic master's really isn’t something to be ashamed of.
Asfriends and families unite to celebrate the dawn of 2025, one question is sure to be bouncing around: ‘What are your New Year’s resolutions?’
The origins of the evolved tradition of compiling a list of ideas on how you can improve yourself
over the coming year are unclear but have been traced back four thousand years to Babylonian civilisations. During that time, people appeared to have made promises to their deities to pay debts and honour their neighbours each year as the crops were planted. With this modern twist on an ancient custom, the question remains: does this create pressure to meet these expectations? According to a YouGov survey, resolutions in the twenty-first century are more likely to involve weight loss, healthier eating habits and/or a new gym membership. The logic behind the idea is simple enough and helpful to many people. Sophie, a recent graduate, commented that the beginning of each year ‘provides an opportunity to reflect on [my] life and make choices more intentionally.’
For students navigating the often chaotic roller coaster of university life, in a time where there are reported elevated levels of stress, such opportunities can prove invaluable. In a country where
many adults report a desire to improve their unhealthy habits like smoking, any encouragement to make changes for the better is undoubtedly positive. However, the concept is not without its critics, both from those who question its e cacy on an individual basis and those who feel it has been manipulated by corporate interests. She also notes that her good intentions – such as increasing water consumption – often fade into the background once the thrill of a new year is over. Pushing back against this, an alternative has sprung up in recent years: ‘no buy’ and ‘low buy’ January. Pioneered by fashion bloggers on platforms such as Instagram and TikTok, these trends encourage young people to counter overconsumption by going a month – or even a year – without buying more than necessities, particularly clothes. Amy Beecham of Stylist magazine explained that the practice encourages ‘mind-
'instead of a New Year’s resolution, [Alice] sets New Year’s 'goals''
ful spending’ such as deleting spending apps from their phones and learning how to make basic alterations to their clothes. Despite the perceived shortcomings of the traditional New Year’s resolutions, many students still find comfort in the idea of starting afresh. For some, the solution to this lies beyond a traditional resolution – Alice explained to Epigram that instead of a New Year’s resolution, she sets New Year’s ‘goals.’ These are a less pressurised, more flexible option which allows her to think about how she wishes to change herself without the weight of a resolution. Some students simply devote themselves to improving their lives all year round, whilst others embrace the traditional resolutions. The wide range of options available reflect changing attitudes to personal growth, goal setting and product consumption, whilst demonstrating the desire held by many students to be thoughtful about their life choices and strive to improve.
Ellen Jones explores student perspectives on the university's new academic calendar
Ellen Jones
Third Year, Politics and International Relations
As the first teaching block of the 2024-25 academic year draws to a close, students across all years and courses have felt the e ects of the university’s adjustment to its term structures, with essay deadlines and exam dates taking place before the winter break, rather than upon students’ return in the new year as they had been in previous years.
In February, the university announced changes it intended to
make to the structure of the next academic year. In an email to students, it explained that ‘for some time, the University has been concerned that students—and sta —have been feeling overloaded’, and so sought to ‘streamline when and how things are done.’
One of the most notable di erences for students was that the earlier start to the year meant that most of their deadlines and exams took place during an ‘assessment week’ between the 9th to the 13th of December. To give students time to prepare for these assessments, most teaching ended in the last week of November, while the first week of December was allocated for independent study. In recent conversations with Epigram, most students felt that the new academic year’s unburdening of the winter break was an im-
provement upon past years, with one third-year History student describing the updates as ‘so much better’ than having assessments scheduled for January. Although he acknowledged that it made ‘less of a di erence’ for his fellow third-year students who still had some dissertation work to do over the holidays, he continued that ‘for everyone else, [it] must be amazing.’ These feelings were primarily echoed by students studying exam-based subjects. A third-year Biochemistry student speaking to Epigram agreed that the changes ‘meant I can relax a bit over Christmas, and work on coursework.’ He added that his school had cut the number of exams scheduled for the end of the first teaching block, rearranging them for summer in order to alleviate students’ workload. ‘As long as you can manage
time’, he summarised, ‘it’s better. For people who wait until the last minute, they have less leeway.’ Overall, most interviewees concurred that while the assessment period at the end of TB1 was slightly more stressful, the prospect of a leisurely and restful winter break before returning in January has been comforting. The second teaching block
of the 2024-25 academic year will likewise commence earlier, with TB2 preparation week falling just before spring break between the 31st of March and the 4th of April and assessments scheduled to take place in the three weeks following. It’s yet to be seen whether this longer assessment period will lessen the ‘rushed’ feeling described by students at the end of TB1.
Editor
Deputy Editor
Deputy Editor
Subeditor
Researcher
.......
.........
Nel Roden
Jess Cohen
Daisy Yates
Ilona Ho mann
Reuben Kerbes
Maya Tailor
Second Year, English Maya examinesTailorthe e ects of Blue Monday on physical health
The festive season, for many of us, is a joyous time filled with family, food, and togetherness. During this season of cheer, the darkening days and winter blues are, for a brief moment, forgotten, amongst the excitement of Christmas. As the days meld into one, the holidays mark a well-deserved period of indulgence and relaxation to round o the year. But as the new year commences, so does reality. The National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE)
suggests that workload pressures, financial pressures and the transition from home to university are all factors that can lead to poor mental health amongst students. When taking into account the bitter weather and the financial aftermath of Christmas, January can come as a challenge to many students. One particular day is especially challenging for some; known as Blue Monday, it falls on the third
'I
think January is always a harder month than others'
Monday of the year and is often seen as ‘the most depressing day of the year’. This year it falls on 20th January. It was coined in 2004 by psychologist Cli Arnall, after he was approached by company Sky Travel to devise a formula to help
companies improve their summer holiday sales during the winter months. It considered seven different variables: weather, debt, monthly salary, time since Christmas, time since failing New Year's resolutions, low motivational levels, and the need to take action. Whilst this claims to o er a scientific explanation for January’s bleakness, the notion of a ‘Blue Monday’ has been refuted by experts, being referred to as ‘meaningless’ and ‘sensationalist nonsense’, with Arnall himself calling his own formula a pseudoscience. However, this does not negate the hardships students face upon their return to university. Whilst no data explicitly states that Blue Monday is the saddest day of year, there is no denying that January can serve as a reminder of the struggles that young people face at university
across the academic year. Epigram spoke to students across the university in order to understand how they felt about the concept of Blue Monday, and whether or not they find January to be a particularly difficult time. For Geography student Eliza, Blue Monday is not a day that she pays particular attention to. ‘It isn’t really on my radar. January
as a whole is often pretty boring and cold and definitely less exciting than other times of the year. So, in my eyes, one specific Monday isn’t really that much worse o or di erent than the whole month.’ The impact of the weather can...
For the full article go to: epigram.org.uk
Reuben Kerbes o ers insight into the dissertation process with advice from sta and final year students
Reuben Kerbes Features Subeditor
WithTB2 on the horizon, many students are either halfway through their dissertations or starting to think about the direction they want their projects to take. This assignment is often the culmination of a student's years of study, and for some, it can feel daunting. If you’re feeling overwhelmed, fear not! Epigram is here to give you a
comprehensive overview of what to expect and how to best prepare. The final year will begin with the assignment of your dissertation supervisor, who will likely be a familiar member of sta to support you with the project. Throughout the year you will likely have smaller, more manageable deadlines that function as progress markers. These could be anything from an outline of a plan, a literature review or a draft subchapter – some may even count as credit for your final dissertation grade. If this is the case for you, these submissions will only be a fraction of the final result – it’s important to remember that there’s room for things not to go completely to plan. To provide insight into the challenging – but nonetheless exciting – process of dissertation writing, Epigram spoke to final-year students undertaking their dissertation, as well as the coordinator of dissertations for Sociology, Politics, and International Studies (SPAIS).
Third-year Sociology student, Gemma, shared her mixed experience with the dissertation process in TB1. ‘There are elements where it’s been really spelt out and supported’, she explains, ‘but then there’s also points where you don’t have much to compare to or you might feel this immense pressure to have it all figured out.’
Dr Thomas Sealy, the lecturer and coordinator of SPAIS dissertations, describes the process as something ‘overwhelmingly positive’, in part due to the amount of time and labour that goes into each individual project. ‘It’s the centrepiece and the highlight of the whole program, because students can pick their own topics, and it’s their project, the investment can be quite significant.’ In terms of advice, Dr Sealy emphasises that your biggest gift, and greatest enemy, is time. ‘It needs
'Perseverance is key, don’t stay down when you reach a roadblock'
time’, he notes, ‘not just because there are multiple stages and it's a big piece of work, but because of the intellectual work and demand of it. To really get into the analysis and make something good, that can only come from time; time to think, time to reflect, time to say “I don't know what I [should] do with all this”, all that work needs time.’ Gemma agrees, saying her best piece of advice would be to ‘start in the summer, just research whatever interests you at the time, it doesn’t need to be fully formed.’ So stay motivated, familiarise yourself with your discipline’s dissertation timelines, and watch the clock – these months will fly by in an instant. The approaching dissertation might feel like an insurmountable task, but with the support of your peers and university sta , it can be an incredibly rewarding learning experience to help prepare you for your post-university goals.'
In the past month and a bit, I’ve heard stories from students of mould in shoes, on bags, mushrooms growing on window sills, entire ceilings falling in, and landlords being at best negligent, and at worst actively antagonistic. I hope these pages, which contain both facts and testimonies about living with mould, make you feel what they make me feel: angry. Angry that anyone has to put up with this, and angry that it is so ubiquitous everyone has a story.
Together we can Break the Mould.
If this writing does stir something in you, please consider signing our petition to encourage Bristol SU to support us in providing students with better information about mould, and creating a Rent Review system to better empower students to choose mould-free properties.
Annie McNamee, Editor in Chief
ways to take action against mould when your landlord won’t
Mould is caused by two main factors: condensation and inadequate ventilation. When poorly ventilated moisture in the air meets a cooler surface and condenses into water, mould appears, usually in the form of those infamous black dots. If your bathroom is more akin to a jungle or a swamp, then perhaps it’s time to look at how air is being circulated – if at all! Opening the windows whilst showering is usually the most e ective way to improve air circulation, but if your bathroom relies on an extractor fan, request an immediate inspection from your landlord.
Yes, the dreaded contract clause we’ve all seen before: don’t dry your clothes in your room. Whilst drying your clothes outdoors or in a dryer is a good way to prevent condensation in your room, if you’re renting a property with no outside space or dryer, this piece of advice just proves how out-oftouch certain landlords can be. Hang your clothes in the bathroom with windows open and doors closed where possible. If your bathroom is windowless, the same goes for any room in the property that can be adequately ventilated.
While a landlord is not legally obliged to provide a dehumidifier, they cannot be unreasonable by the same token. Beneficial for both you and the landlord, a dehumidifier creates dryer air, which not only results in less condensation, but also saves you money on heating and prevents long-term mould from returning.
No one should have to deal with mould and damp in their student house. Alex Hill outlines five easy ways you can prevent mould this winter, without having an awkward conversation with your landlord. Sending that ‘firmly-worded’ email may seem daunting, especially when you’re faced with a landlord who takes a laissez-faire attitude to resolving your maintenance issues. But at the end of the day, your landlord is just as aware of your renting rights as you are, or rather, as you should be. If your shower seals are more black than white or an ominous damp stain has appeared above your hob, don’t worry! Here are five easy things you can do to treat mould and prevent an awkward conversation with your landlord Editor's Note:
Moving forward, it is crucial that as a tenant you understand what your landlord can and cannot ask you to do. Whilst they can, yes, ask you to dry your clothes outside, they cannot reasonably expect you to do so if it is simply not possible. Painting over persistent mould, refusing to attend the property to check the severity of the mould
Deciding to turn the heating on has been an age-old point of contention in any shared accommodation. However, damp and mould thrive in colder properties, especially during the winter months. Turning the heating on for short periods of time not only prevents condensation from forming by increasing surface temperatures in the property but also means you can stop walking around shivering in your favourite blanket!
activities such as showering or
With an exceptionally cold and wet winter behind us, let’s hope that we’ll all be leaving our mould issues behind us too. Whether you’re staying in your accommodation for the next academic year, have found somewhere else, or are thinking of moving into a private rental, keep in mind your renting rights, so hopefully that all-important email can finally make its way out of the drafts and into your landlord’s inbox.
Article continued from front page:
... in our bathroom because of unchecked mould. One of our bathroom windows won’t open, but they refuse to fix it, claiming it’s just “dirt”. As if that’s any better.’ Jack, a third-year student, described having to ‘abandon cupboards in the kitchen because they’re full of mould’, adding that even sta from the agency who were showing the property were ‘horrified at the state of the mould and that it hadn’t been dealt with.’
The problem isn’t limited to private landlords. Unite Students, the UK’s largest provider of university accommodation, faced legal action in 2024 after mould and damp were found in their properties. Bristol’s private student housing, however, takes things to a whole new level. Despite paying high rents, students are forced to endure crumbling walls and that ever-present smell of damp. The scale of the issue was laid bare in 2024, when Bristol Students’ Union conducted its first housing survey in over a decade. The findings were grim. Students reported
everything from ceilings collapsing under the weight of damp to entire wardrobes being swallowed by mould. One respondent revealed that they were working 20-hour weeks alongside their studies just to a ord a flat riddled with mould. It’s no surprise that they had to work so much to support themself –living in Bristol is not cheap. Fewer than 4% of students surveyed paid less than £500 per month before bills, with the average rent standing at an eye-watering £840. According to The Tab, this puts Bristol among the top five most expensive cities for student accommodation in the
ing unreasonable, Shelter o ers comprehensive advice on how to navigate tricky situations and
UK. In short, Bristol students are paying luxury prices for living conditions that could double as horror film sets.
ditions of student housing in Bristol: we believe mould and its health consequences demand more targeted attention. One of our key proposals is our Rent Review system, where student renters can review their accommodation based on its condition and how e ectively landlords or letting agents address issues. You can learn more about our proposal on the page opposite.
On top of our policy proposal, we at EpigramI are also creating a dedicated online resource with information about mould, its health risks, and advice on pre-
ing ‘Break the Mould’, a campaign vention and treatment, which you can find on our website. It’s easy to joke about the state of student housing – in fact it’s become a rite of passage – but when skyrocketing rents are paired with living conditions that
actively harm students’ health, it’s clear that the situation is, in reality, not very funny. While many landlords and letting agencies continue to shirk their responsibilities with dismissive advice, students are left bearing the financial and emotional burden of substandard accommodation. Tackling this issue demands systemic change – including holding landlords to account. Until then, Bristol’s students will be forced to battle not only academic pressures but also the persistent and insidious presence of mould.
Mould in student housing is more than just an inconvenience - Grace Bourne investigates the impacts of poor housing conditions on physical health, mental well-being and academic success.
Grace Bourne
Second Year, History and French
WhenI reported the mould that had spread across my bathroom, covering almost the entire skirting board in a dark green hue, the response I received was dismissive: ‘Don’t worry, love, we’re refurbishing the whole building next year, so I’m pretty sure you won’t get asthma.’ This statement was both unhelpful and irrelevant, as I was not going to be living in that accommodation the following year. Moreover, I was left to endure another six months in those conditions, relying solely on the unqualified assurance of someone with no medical expertise that I was unlikely to develop a life-a ecting illness. This is a response that is undoubtedly familiar to many students, who are often expected to ‘put up’ with poor
living conditions as part of the university experience. This expectation normalises the idea that students should tolerate discomfort and even hardship as part of their academic journey, often under the guise of fostering resilience or as a trade-o for independence. However, this mindset can overlook the negative impact these conditions may have on students' physical health, mental well-being, and academic performance, perpetuating a cycle where low standards are accepted without question.
Research has shown that mould can become incredibly dangerous and has been specified in the updated Landlords and Tenants Act 1985 as a ‘category one’ hazard. Mould has two significant and harmful impacts: its e ects on physical health and the mental health challenges linked to poor living conditions, both of which directly a ect academic performance.
Prolonged mould exposure, according to the NHS, can cause ‘sneezing, a runny nose, red eyes and
skin rash [...] and asthma attacks.’ The NHS website states, ‘Moulds produce allergens […] irritants and, sometimes, toxic substances.’ For students, who are mostly experiencing living on their own for the first time, it can be hard to get to grips with renting and housing issues such as mould. But there is a high likelihood that it may be a ecting your studies.
According to School Psychology International, ‘students with poor health have a higher probability of school failure, grade retention, and drop out’, poor health and
The death of two-year-old Awaab Ishak from Rochdale in 2020, as a result of prolonged exposure to mould and despite his parents' consistent reporting, proved the extent to which mould can be detrimental and must be treated as such by landlords and local councils. The tragedy of Awaab’s death brought the danger of mould to the media’s attention, but it remains a widespread issue. GOV.UK estimated that in 2019 ‘5,000 cases of asthma and approximately 8,500 lower respiratory infections’ were caused as a direct result of mould exposure. Despite this, mould seems to be regarded as a common problem, something that many are expected to live alongside without complaint.
extricably linked and yet students are often expected to accept the
are often expected to accept the presence of mould which could be actively a ecting your health.
To investigate this issue further, Epigram spoke to Jamie, a student who had noticed a leak in his roof, and promptly reported it to SU lettings, the organisation responsible for his building. Despite saying they would fix the issue in a speedy reply, a week later upon returning from a holiday, the leak had not been fixed and as a result of the subsequent dampness and amount of mould, the room became, in Jamie’s words, ‘uninhabitable.’ Jamie went on to explain that the state of the dampness and mould in his room caused him ‘to have to do all work outside of the house, not feeling like I have somewhere comfortable to go back to at night.’
conditions’, highlighting the direct
GOV.UK outlines the mental health e ects of ‘unpleasant living conditions’, highlighting the direct results on a person’s mental health due to the anxieties of living with
social pressure; without a space
hausting with high workloads and social pressure; without a space to unwind, the strain on mental health is almost inevitable. Stress can have long-term e ects on students’ ability to study e ectively, when combined with the consistent anxiety as a result of living in an unsafe environment it can become overwhelming and debilitating.
The presence of mould in student accommodations is far more concerning than it may initially appear. It is not merely an unsightly nuisance; mould proves to be a significant health hazard that demands serious attention. Addressing this issue is crucial not only for safeguarding the physical and mental well-being of students but also for ensuring that living environments support, rather than hinder, academic success.
Epigram is launching ‘Break the Mould’ to improve the conditions of student housing in Bristol and beyond, with a particular focus on tackling mould. We are lobbying the Bristol SU to extend their ‘My Rent, My Rights’ campaign by introducing ‘Rent Review’, a student property review system where renters can review their house or flat, for example its condition, any issues that arise, and the speed and e ectiveness of the landlord’s responses. This would work together with an SU-run accreditation system, where good landlords are approved by the SU. Both the rating and the accreditation would be visible to all students. This would incentivise landlords to focus on the quality of service they are providing to tenants, and help students to avoid poor housing.
As Epigram, we will also create a dedicated page on our website containing information about mould, its consequences, and best practices to prevent and fix it. This, we propose, would be linked to on the ‘My Rent, My Rights’ campaign page to give students an accessible bank of information that they can use.
Grace reccomendsKnightfive exciting, and ecclectic cultural events to visit from January to April this year
On the 24th of February, Redgrave Theatre will be showing a one night only screening of Oscar Wilde’s The Importance of Being Earnest reimagined by director Max Webster for the National Theatre. With sets brimming with colour and camp, flamboyant costumes, this reimagining of the 19th century text will not fail to entertain. With a cast full of talent including Olivier Award-winner Sharon D Clarke (Ma Rainey’s Black Bottom; Doctor Who), Ncuti Gatwa (Doctor Who; Sex Education) and Hugh Skinner (W1A; Mamma Mia! Here We
Go Again), the play explores the humorous sides to the exploration of identity, love and impersonation. The countless five star reviews reflect the truly fabulous twist the play puts onto the original, drawing out the latent queer content to create a feast for not only the eyes but for the soul. Get yourself down to Redgrave Theatre so you don’t miss it.
wellness industry, the male gaze and the universal fear of being judged. Tickets sell out fast, so if you and your fellow feminist friends fancy a giggle-filled evening check out the Alma Tavern Theatre events page soon.
'The comedy show is a hilarious feminist critique of the expectations of womanhood'
Making light of her dark yet relatable insecurities of body dysmorphia, sexuality denial and suicidal thoughts, Hannah Platt brings about laughs over sympathies in her stand- up show Defence Mechanism. Showing at the Alma Tavern and Theatre, she brings her highly praised comedy show to the Bristol culture scene on the 20th of February. The comedy show is a hilarious feminist critique of the expectations of womanhood, as she shares plenty of controversial takes on the
Looking for a di erent kind of night out instead of the usual triangle clubs and bars? Well look no further because the Wake The Tiger ‘Amazement Park’ is hosting an after hours event, an adults only evening where you can explore the museum's 40+ psychedelic art installations and interactive features. Student tickets start at £15.60 and allow you access to their in house bar as well as the exhibits anytime after 7pm. It also has interactive puzzles and games to keep you and your mates entertained all evening. P.S. they also have a slide!
The Bristol-born early 20th cen-
tury artist Paule Vezelay is having her work displayed in her largest exhibition yet and it's at the Royal West of England Academy (RWA) Living Lines is a collection of artworks that explore emotion generated by vibrant colour and intricate line-work resulting in a variety of works ranging from figure paintings to abstract sculptures. Whether you're a total art fan or simply need a break from your busy schedule, taking a wander around her artworks is an ideal way to brighten your day. Taking place from the 25th of Jan to the 27th of April you can't miss this retrospective
'The real magical change to Shakespeare’s classic is the original score of rap and RnB'
exhibition looking into her life through art. A ticket to this exhibition also gets you one to the RWA’s ‘Biennial Open 2025: Paper Works’ so it's definitely worth taking a few hours out to immerse yourself in some evocative artworks. Another creative reimagining of a well known and loved play is Corey Campbell’s adaptation of Romeo & Juliet at the Bristol Old Vic from the 12th of March to the 5th of April. The real magical change to Shakespeare’s classic is the original score of rap and RnB that illuminates the romance and tension on stage.
Editor
Co-Deputy Editor
Co-Deputy Editor Subeditor
Arts Correspondent ..............Bruno Bridger ..............Ella Heathcote ............Elizabeth Abbot ..............Bobbi Carsley ...........Patrik Chandler .........Julia Masluszczak
Arts Commisoner
We live in a void, explains Charlie Cooper, creator of the BBC documentary Myth Country. This void, this identity crisis, needs to be filled – which is why Cooper, like the creators, influencers and writers across the world, is leading a resurgence of interest in our pagan and folkloric past. In his series, which only aired last October, he travels across the UK, searching the landscape for monuments built by the ancients.
Eliza Clark discusses 'She's Always Hungry'
Gaby Turner, Comparative Literatures and Cultures MA
Gaby Turner shares her experience at Eliza Clark's talk based on her new body horror short story collection, She's Always Hungry.
But one doesn’t have to look far for vestiges of our mythic past. Many of our own Christmastime traditions are pagan in origin, surviving after millennia, albeit in commercialised and Americanised form. During the Roman festival of Saturnalia, which was celebrated mid to late December, gifts would be exchanged, houses would be decorated with evergreen boughs and feasts would be held – all very familiar to us today. Like our Christmas, Saturnalia was a time of peace and goodwill to all men, with Roman masters waiting on their slaves, who were granted limited freedoms during the holiday. The Christmas Tree, now an archetypal symbol of a merry Christ-
Winter Holiday Arts Recom- mendations: Cardi
Eve Davies, Arts Sub-Editor
Epigram's Arts Subeditor, Eve Davies, continues the Arts section’s recommendations for events outside of Bristol that students should explore during the holidays. This time, the spotlight turns to Cardi , uncovering exhibitions, museums, and performances that are well worth a visit.
'One doesn’t have to look far for vestiges of our mythic past. Many of our own Christmastime traditions are pagan in origin'
mas, comes from the sacrificial rites of pagans in Germany. Victims would be o ered to gods such as Thor and Woden under their branches, and whilst the sacrifices were stopped through the e orts of missionaries such as St Cuthbert, the trees remained. These traditions may seem to belong to another time – yet interest in paganism and folklore is growing across the globe. Shamanism, although not an organised faith, is the fastest growing religion in England and Wales, according to the 2011 and 2022 censuses. In the
'Put something on, and let it be totally rubbish': In Conversa- tion with theatre-maker Emma Morgan
Izzy Frazer, Third Year, English Izzy Frazer chats with Emma Morgan - a Bristol student who manages to juggle a degree with her creative pursuits.
US, the number of Wicca adherents is now over 1.5 million. Wicca, founded in the early half of the 20th century by Gerald Gardner, is one of the most influential and popular branches of the modern neopagan movement, with a complex variety of branches, denominations and traditions across the world.
Bristol University’s very own Ronald Hutton described Wicca as the ‘only fully-formed religion which England can be said to have given the world.’ From humble origins, Wicca has grown to be at the forefront of the rising tide of global neopaganism.
To read more go to epigram.org.uk
Festive Folklore: Celebrating Unique Welsh Winter Tradi- tions
Lydia Lewis, The Croft Wellbeing Editor Ever wondered what lies behind the cultural traditions that have stood the tests of time? Lydia Lewis celebrates Welsh folkloric traditions that are often lesser known, but which demonstrate the vibrant history of the Welsh country and culture.
Ahead of the upcoming new chapter in Bridget Jones' life, we asked one of our writers to give us a comprehensive rundown of Bridget's previous escapades. Grace Rose has penned a delicious piece that reflects on Bridget's journey so far, and teases what's to come. This article is sure to go down a treat, or at least better than Bridget's notorious blue food.
Rom-com
lover’s favourite frazzled English woman is set to return to the big screen one last time on Valentine's day this year, in the latest instalment of the beloved franchise ‘Bridget Jones: Mad About the Boy’. In anticipation of the return of our blundering heroine, here is the rundown of the ground she has already trodden and the upcoming misadventures that the fourth instalment is set to grace us with.
In the first film ‘Bridget Jones's Diary’ (2001) based on Helen Fielding's best selling novel, audiences met Bridget Jones (Renee Zellweger), a thirty-two-year old singleton living in London and the quintessential post third-wave feminism British career woman. Jones is a clumsy but confident woman with no apparent financial woes or logistical need for a man in her life yet a complete preoccupation with the notion of settling down with ‘Mr. Right’. Zellweger’s character
ends up romantically involved with her deceptive boss, Daniel Cleaver (Hugh Grant) while taking part in an utterly endearing enemies-to-lovers arc with her childhood family friend, Mark Darcy (Colin Firth). By the end of ninety-seven minutes decorated with coarse sexual humour, poignantly funny wardrobe mishaps and a spot of family drama, Bridget seemingly reaches her happy ending with a snow covered kiss on the streets of London with Mr. Darcy.
The second reprisal, ‘Bridget Jones: The Edge of Reason’ (2004) picks up just weeks after the first and sees Bridget in her same bumbling romantic ways, allowing her misdirected jealousies over Mark’s beautiful new assistant (Jacinda Barrett) to drive a wedge between her and her ideal man. A series of unfortunate events unfold to hinder the peaceful happily-ever-after of Bridget and Mark, but when Jones’ jealousies finally take command of her she breaks up with Mark and travels to Thailand with resident scoundrel Daniel Cleaver to film a career-furthering new travel show. Bridget outlandishly ends up an accidental drug smuggler and lands
herself in a Thai prison, until enamored Mark discreetly secures her release and the two end the film engaged, leaving audiences on a high.
In her most recent silver-screen return ‘Bridget Jones Baby’ (2016), Bridget finds herself single once more but this time she is pregnant by one of two men: the returning Mark Darcy or newcomer, business mogul Jack Qwant (Patrick Dempsey). The story that unfolds sees her struggling with the uncertainty of her pregnancy, but once again rounds out with the happy rekindling of Bridget and Mark, this time in their marriage and the confirmation of her son as Mark’s.
The upcoming addition to the franchise is set to see the return of Zellweger in her titular role, as well as the return of her ‘Urban Family’ (Shazzer, Tom and Jude) and the reprisal of Hugh Grant’s role as Daniel Cleaver. Additions to the already star-studded cast include Leo Woodhall, Chiwetel Ejiofor and Isla Fisher. What we know for certain of ‘Bridget Jones: Mad About the Boy’ (2025) is this: Mark Darcy is dead having been killed by a landmine evacuating refugees four years prior (ever the hero!), Bridget is a widowed mother to her and Mark’s two children and she
is once again somewhat pitifully single. The stage is set for another journey into the wilderness of single life, yet this time Jones faces the unknowns of modern dating that have evolved since her last solo venture: social media, sexting and the minefield that is dating apps.
What can be obtained from the 2024 o cial trailer is that Bridget is to have two romantic interests in ‘Mad About the Boy’, both with varying degrees of impropriety - one being twenty years her junior (Woodhall) and the other being her child’s school teacher (Ejiofor) - which begs the question of how the final film will conclude when Bridget is arguably being set up with two somewhat unserious contenders.
Given the vast leaps of change society has made since the release of the first film in the early noughties in terms of what it permits women to be at any age, does the franchise (rom-com or not) not owe it to modern culture to allow this loveable and unquestionably determined female character to end up on her own? It is also worth noting that this would not be a cruel or ‘woke’ fate to infringe upon the previously love-obsessed Bridget but rather the appropriate and enlightened character development for a wom-
an in her fifties lucky enough to be educated, have a thriving career as a screenwriter, and the love and support of present friends and family.
Additionally it may be that this is indeed the most romantic conclusion of all, as to have Bridget end up with anyone other than her Mr. Darcy may shatter the illusion established over the past two decades that these two renowned characters were always meant for each other, ‘just the way they are’.
Bridget Jones is a figure loved dearly for her rare quality of realness yet she is never given to the audience as meek or weak willed; she is consistently alert to when it is necessary to stand her ground in both career and romance, as well as when it is necessary to concede. For a rom-com protagonist especially of the era of the first film, she is starkly refreshing. She provides both the comedy of hopeless longing and the empowering self-respect of knowing when to say, "no, that is not a good enough o er for me” (thank you anyway, Mr. Cleaver).
It is only right that this British icon gets the single send o she deserves with some debauchery along the way, but who knows what the Hollywood Gods will dictate for her…
Editor
Deputy Editor
Deputy Editor
Subeditor
Subeditor
Bradley-Cole
Wattret
Wen Siow
Chatburn
Jackson
Have the Golden Globes predicted an accurate outcome of this year’s future winners, orwill the tide turn?
Hunter Grasdal Third Year, Liberal Arts
The first major award ceremony of the year took place at the beginning of last month. Let’s take a look at everything from the attendees to the wins and snubs, and ponder the question: how did it go?
In the coming weeks, award ceremonies such as the Oscars, the Critics Choice Awards and the Screen Actors Guild will take place. Movies and TV shows released over the
past year will be coming together to see who takes home awards. Now that the Golden Globes have taken place, the question is what can be expected next? Have the Golden Globes predicted an accurate outcome of this year’s future winners, or will the tide turn?
Most people’s opinion of an award ceremony such as the Golden Globes depends on if the people, TV-shows and films they are cheering for win, and I am exactly the same. I was already disappointed for the lack of nominations and recognition for Dune: Part Two, especially in the director category. Denis Villeneuve’s adaption of Dune comes from a place of love and admiration for the source material.
I remember leaving the cinema after Dune: Part Two, anticipating its award sweep, yet it seems strange that a movie that was so critically acclaimed, and has been so highly praised throughout the year, is now heavily ignored and treated as insignificant. The Oscars have yet to take place, so let’s all light a candle.
Emilia Pérez won best motion picture in a musical or comedy, and best motion picture in a non-Eng-
Edgar Wright
This film encapsulates mid-noughties pop culture and every hipster’s life aspiration in fashion, music and general wittiness. This would make a great watch alone, or with a partner, and would definitely bring some silly fun to your Valentine’s Day, along with a whole lot of laughs.
Michel Gondry
Now, on the other end of the emotional spectrum, if you’re looking for a heart wrenching exploration into the temporality of relationships, memories, and the invisible thread trope, this is the best film to openmouthed sob to this Valentine’s Day
lish language. In the first category, the movie was up against critically acclaimed movies such as Challengers, Anora and Wicked. People were quite confused why Emilia Pérez took home the award, as the movie is rated lower than the three previously mentioned on Rotten Tomatoes, IMDB, and Letterboxd.
Many feel that the movie is o ensive in its portrayal of trans people, and although it is marketed as a good representation, there is some scathing criticism. Drew Brunett Gregory wrote in an article, ‘I do not think only trans people can tell trans stories, but I’m curious when we will cease to be a metaphor."
Zoe Saldana won supporting ac-
Tom Tykwer
Another option is this seriously underrated German experimental thriller. This film explores how even the smallest decisions can impact the lives of strangers around us. This would make an excellent alternative to the standard date night romcom, as long as you two keep your eyes on the screen and not on each other.
tress for Emilia Perez, which is genuinely deserved. Though the script and music fail her at certain points, her performance was one of the few highlights of the movie.
Demi Moore won her first award ever for her performance in The Substance. In a moving acceptance speech, Moore said ‘In those moments, when we don’t think we’re smart enough, or pretty enough, or skinny enough or successful enough, or basically just not enough, I had a woman say to me: ‘Just know, you will never be enough, but you can know the value of your worth if you just put down the measuring stick.’’
For the full article go to: epigram.org.uk
To read more go to epigram.org.uk
Luca Guadagnino
Finally, ramping up from thriller to horror, if you’re looking for a gorier watch, this is my recommendation. This film follows a couple of young cannibals as they travel across 1980s America and fall in love in the process. This isn’t a particularly scary film if you aren’t a horror fan, but I will warn you, it is gory.
'It was so scrappy but we loved it':
In conversation with Katy J Pearson
Kyle Social Media Manager
Katy J Pearson has that quality that all musicians envy in the Spotify era - the ability for a voice to be jawdroppingly, brilliantly better in person. I was also lucky enough to have a chat with Katy after the show, who shared some insights regarding the local music scene she's come to be so well beloved in, as well as some thoughts on her latest album, Someday Now. Not to say that I didn't adore her music through my £20 pink JBL headphones - I have loved KJP for years, but
'there wasn’t an ounce of diva energy in sight as we discussed the gross gatekeep-y nature of modern music scenes'
seeing her live for the first time (after being blue-ballsed by the rain at Forwards Festival this year) was a tantalising experience. We danced with no abandon, we cooed over her crowd interaction, and our hearts stopped for a second when her clearly-adoring brother appeared on stage to sing the achingly moving 'Return' with her. I had the privilege of watching what was clearly an extremely special show - Katy joked about how she had once been rejected for a job at SWX (the music venue for the evening) and was now headlining it - but more special than that was the family feeling in the audience. Being a Bristol girlie (well, raised in the Cotswolds but born in Bristol), you could see how much this headline gig meant to her, and the crowd was full of aunties and screams of 'we love you Katy!'
As well as the warm reception from the crowd, she also mentioned in our interview how the three thirds of her triplet trio were all in one place for the first time in forever - she told me she couldn’t bear to look over to the side where she knew her family would be, as her mum would inevitably be crying. Intimate feels like an odd word to describe anything happening between the sticky walls of SWX, but that is truly the only word for the job. Another fan called out to give Pearson his ‘lucky pebble’, which did in fact do the trick of fixing the tuning of her guitar that was thrown o mid-song. Our conversation was lighthearted and familiar, and there wasn’t an ounce of diva energy in sight as we discussed the gross gatekeep-y nature of modern music scenes, her recent tour with The Last Dinner Party, and which Bristol music venue she would like to be trapped in for the rest of her life. She said she’d like to be trapped in The Old England, as it was in 2018, 'when it was the epicentre of the Bristol music
Someday Now is out now, and a veritable cornucopia of ‘staring out a bus window having never gotten over anything in my life’ songs as well as big synthy bangers
scene' with campfires outside and lock-ins till 4 AM: 'It was so scrappy but we loved it', she smiled fondly. She told me how being born from the world of Bristolian music meant so much to her - artists can come out of places other than London, and it does work. We discussed the fact that more local music scenes o er a type of longevity that can be hard to maintain in the big smoke - 'People know who you are, and that’s why they like you […] being a musician in a smaller city creates a sense of community. I just can’t get behind the pretentiousness of certain scenes […] it's so stressful!' We talked about her recent month of touring around Europe with the renaissance-femininity rock sensation that is The Last Dinner Party, who have recently shaken up the scene with anthems like ‘Nothing Matters’ and their new, richly dramatic rock album Prelude to Ecstasy. Katy said, 'They’re just amazing musicians and performers, lovely people. I was really flattered that they were big fans - they’ve been fans since I started out and specifically asked for me to join them on tour, which was so sweet'. Someday Now is out now, and a veritable cornucopia of ‘staring out a bus window having never gotten over anything in my life’
songs as well as big synth-y bangers (we’re talking about you, ‘Maybe’).
The album is quickly becoming an indie-folk staple, full of soft country guitar, haunting vocals, catchy bridges and a toe-tapping rock consistency. Dominated by lyrics, this album will certainly leave you with a few newcomers to your shower singing repertoire. It is a must-listen for the Mitski, Kate Bush, and Stevie Nicks girlies, and if it's got The Last Dinner Party seal of approval, what more validation could an album need?
Hamish Hawk, 15th Feburary
Megan Foulk
Co-Deputy Music Editor Hamish Hawk plays Thekla next month, following the release of his new album A Firmer Hand
The festive season has passed, but there are still plenty of options to soundtrack getting stuck into a musical wonderland this winter. Bristol may be experiencing exceptionally chilly weeks, but one thing you can always bank on from a concert - besides the music - is the free heating. Escape your chilly student digs for an opportunity to huddle in penguin-like fashion as ice gathers on those frosty, unglazed windows. From the music society at St. Andrews to the Thekla stage, Edinburgh-born Hamish Hawk tours his third studio album A Firmer Hand. The album’s titular lyric features prominently in single ‘Big Cat Tattoos’, a track that has infiltrated almost every Instagram reel ad on my explore page for the past few months. Crooner-esque in his vocals, Hawk’s performance is sultry yet stern, melding the brooding drama of Nick Cave with the Scottish charm of Franz Ferdinand. Promising to scathe with gothic rock and new wave sounds.
Editor
Co-Deputy Editor
Co-Deputy Editor
Subeditor
Subeditor
Not one genre stood above the rest in the musical o erings of 2024
Benji Chapman Music Editor
ThisBenji Chapman
.............. Aditi Hrisheekesh
.............. Megan Foulk
.............. Amelie Peters
...............Sophie Scannell
To read more go to epigram.org
year, Epigram opened its doors to any University of Bristol students keen to celebrate their love of music with a contribution towards a well-celebrated yearly tradition. Coming in at just under six and a half hours of music, this article is the perfect send-o before the clock strikes midnight, or perhaps a more reflective soundtrack to the day-long hangover that inevitably follows. Epigram is celebrating another year of stellar releases with our yearly top 100 picks from our editorial and contributor teams' favourite songs released in 2024. You'll need snacks, drinks, and of course a quality pair of headphones. Whether you flick through to see where your dearest artists rank, or take on the behemoth in one sitting while listening to the ordered playlist, the choice is yours, but only one will make it to the number one spot.
2024
was no doubt the year of Chappell Roan. Her newest single ‘Good Luck, Babe!’ launched her already rising career into the stratosphere, and for good reason. The '80s inspired production paired with Roan’s distinctive and powerful vocals creates a track that was destined for commercial and indie success. The lyrics are both angry and intimate, o ering a listening experience of pure emotion. the track, alongside the unreleased singles of ‘Subway’ and ‘The Giver’ have evolved her already fun and introspective sound into something more established, a development that I could not be more excited for.
It’s fair to say that in her 2019 and 2021 records, the indie-pop golden girl dabbled in exploring love’s anxieties. In 'Juna', my personal favourite tune from her return to music after three years, Clairo refreshingly basks in the tantalising experience of being desired. Through overlapping, quintessentially soft vocals, the singer coyly admits to undeniable attraction. Her typically vulnerable lyricism now captures the nervous excitement of infatuation, and how romance encourages the confidence to ‘try on feminine’. Everything sounds like a boiling hot bubble bath feels – sultry basslines glide alongside twinkly light piano chords.
It’s not often you hear a song and know on first listen that its creators are stars. Fontaines D.C. have been popular indie musicians for a good five years now, but ‘Starburster’, the lead single from their most recent album Romance shows a real elevation for these Dublinners. This tune is moreish and winding in the best way – with moody vocals from frontman Grian and a melody that always feels slightly unresolved, you’ll never quite feel like you’ve had enough. It’s not easy to create something this original which still feels like a feast for the ears, easily putting this song amongst the best releases of the year.
L’amour
de me vie - or ‘the love of my life’ for any English speakers reading - is the crown jewel phrase and titular hit single from Eilish’s album HIT ME HARD AND SOFT. It’s a record in two parts; in the first section, she sings softly about a past relationship over a clean bossa-nova style guitar. It's light, slow, and carefree, with bittersweet and introspective lyrics. Then suddenly, up goes the tempo and in come the '80s synthesizers. A heavily auto-tuned Eilish relishes in her newfound freedom, proclaiming, along with her new lover, how glad she is to be rid of her previous ‘mediocre’ partner. ying
XCX's 'Sympathy is a knife' from her hit album Brat is incredibly personal. The lyrics tell of a person who reminds Charli of her own insecurities, and how this sends her into a spiral: 'One voice tells me that they laugh / George says, "I'm just paranoid"'. Saying she 'couldn't even be her if I tried', and that all the sympathy she gets simply feels like a lie. Though an album made for the clubs, 'Sympathy is a knife' is one of the more vulnerable songs to be found on it.
Recorded on tape machines, Lenker’s ‘Sadness As A Gift’ has the addictive sting of lemon juice to a papercut. Cathartically raw, the opening violin melody is sickeningly beautiful, like the audio equivalent of a golden hour wash on a home video reel. It forces you into indulgent nostalgia, but not without consequence. Echoing Tennyson’s sentiment ‘tis better to have loved and lost than never to have loved at all’, the lament makes a refreshing change from archetypal anger ballads soaked in resentment, instead extending a handshake of gratitude for the opportunity of experiencing one of life’s most powerful emotions.
It may have taken 9 years to hear back from him, but I think we can all agree that a degree of patience is a orded in the case of Jamie xx. Resorting to a quiet life free of distractions from his mobile phone, he evidently found solace in his music throughout the production process of the introspectively meditative In Waves, but its club-friendly BPM and aggression really shines on the bounciest track of them all with 'Treat Each Other Right'. The song is an a rmative victory chant for an artist who has fluidly returned to his spot in the limelight with renewed enthusiasm. We're glad to have you back Jamie.
Sixteen years after their last release, The Cure are back - and they are back. A slow-burn, heart-wrenching anthem, 'Alone' is a masterpiece of despair. Here, The Cure put a modern, atmospheric spin on their signature sound, immersing the listener into a world of pure existential dread, reinforced by Robert Smith’s repeating lyrical motif ‘Where did it go?’. 'Alone' is a majestic and poignant introduction to the band’s album Songs of a Lost World, which marks a remarkable return to form for the band.
Bristol's revolutionary computer
By Cali Stott, Masters, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering
The GW4 Isambard 3 supercomputer launched last week. A collaboration between Bristol, Bath, Cardi and Exeter universities helped to deliver this exciting project whilst also partnering with Hewlett-Packard Enterprise, NVIDIA and Arm. The exciting £10 million project will drive innovation in a wide range of areas including clean energy, designing optimal configuration of wind farms and modelling fusion reactors. But what exactly is a supercomputer? What is so special about this one? What’s in it for the stakeholders?
Supercomputers are, simply, computers with exceptional processing power. They can handle massive databases, vast computations or both. This is achieved by thousands of nodes – which are computers themselves – each con-
taining a CPU (Central Processing Unit) all communicating with one another to solve problems.
CPUs are like the brain of a computer; responsible for handling data, instructions, calculations and coordinating the activities of other hardware components. This arrangement allows supercomputers to perform resource intensive calculations that normal computers can’t handle, such as complex physics simulations. Unlike quantum computers, which use quantum algorithms to solve equations, supercomputers use classical computing and have been used in a much wider range of applications than quantum computers whose scope is still quite limited.
'The exciting £10 million project will drive innovation in a wide range of areas'
'could help solve some of the world’s biggest challenges'
abstract and complex features of data. This allows for the creation of very complex models. Isambard 3, for example, will be expected to run molecular-level simulations to understand Parkinson’s disease and processing and analysing large datasets from telescopes to simulate astrophysical phenomena.
Something that really stands out about the Isambard 3 when compared to other modern supercomputers is its energy e ciency. It has been designed to be one of the most energy-e cient, lowest carbon emission CPU-based supercomputers in the world and will reuse waste energy to heat surrounding buildings.
creation of hybrid architectures for more e cient computation. The chip achieves these features, alongside a very high energy eciency, because it uses manufacturing techniques that can pack billions of transistors onto the chip.
Supercomputers allow complex computations and analysis of very large datasets which requires huge amounts of power. These capabilities facilitate the training of large-scale AI models including very deep neural networks where the model has many layers and can therefore learn very
Isambard 3 is also the first supercomputer in the world to use the NVIDIA Grace CPU Superchip with Arm Neoverse technology. The NVIDIA Grace CPU Superchip is a cutting-edge processor designed for high-performance computing. It has a high memory bandwidth allowing it to quickly access the data it needs for a specific task and facilitates connections with other NVIDIA CPUs and GPUs (Graphics Processing Unit – used for digital image processing) to allow for
Transistors are switches that control the flow of electricity on a chip and are the building blocks of all the processes carried out by a chip. The more transistors on the chip, the more work the chip can do and the smaller the transistor the more efficient it is. Arm Neoverse technology is a line of high-performance, energy-e cient processors designed for data centres, cloud computing and supercomputers. These processors handle demanding tasks like AI and large-scale simulations while using less power than traditional chips. They are built for scalability, allowing many cores to work together e ciently, and deliver fast, reliable data processing. This makes them ideal for modern applications that need both high performance and sustainability like those run on the Isambard 3.
'It has been designed to be one of the most energye cient, lowest carbon emission CPU-based supercomputers in the world'
The Isambard 3 is in collaboration with 3 large tech companies, including NVIDIA, a world leader in AI technology. The project will allow these companies to showcase their products, serving as a flagship example of what NVIDIA's Grace CPU Superchip, Arm's architecture, and HPE’s infrastructure can achieve in real-world scenarios. That way they can secure themselves in the AI technology market and potentially form strategic partnerships by solidifying connections with the public sector. It will also allow them to test and refine their technologies by observing them work under demanding workloads, helping identify improvements for future generations of their technology.
Hopefully you now feel up to scratch on what the Isambard 3 supercomputer is and what its capabilities are. It’s not just a powerful computer, but one that could help solve some of the world’s biggest challenges while keeping things sustainable. With some exciting possibilities ahead Isambard 3 is one to watch.
Epigram's latest campaign to transform the housing market. Miles breaksdown this bad flatmate.
Most forms of mould are structures of fungi. Fungi are classified as heterotrophs, meaning they cannot produce their own food and must obtain nutrients from external sources, like other organisms. Heterotrophs perform heterotrophy to break down organic materials for consumption, a process which requires water. Hence, mould can only gain nutrients for reproduction and growth in the presence of water, making damp areas ideal for them.
Damp occurs for several reasons. Leaks, floods, and spills, as well as poor ventilation, especially in kitchens and bathrooms (where significant amounts of steam are created) are the main culprits.
Moulds produce compounds called mycotoxins which can lead to all sorts of problems, even death, if inhaled or ingested. Mycotoxins can be significantly carcinogenic, having strong links with liver cancer. They also weaken the immune system by killing immune cells and inhibiting protein synthesis, preventing many vital processes, including the production of antibodies. This leaves you more susceptible to diseases and infections. Other dangerous e ects of mycotoxins include hormone imbalances, allergic reactions, other forms of cancer, birth defects, and neurological issues.
Mould is an area of great contention in student housing at the moment. It is important to know how to prevent mould and mitigate its e ects. But, it is as much the duty of landlords as it is for tenants to maintain mould-free homes. Stay safe out there.
https://www.change.org/BreakTheMould
Editor
Deputy Editor
Deputy Editor
Subeditor
Researcher
Corin Hadley
Miles Gilroy
James Lewis
Ellie Barnes
Harrison Phillips
The SU has o cially banned Forced Swim Tests at University. Hannah considers its legacy.
By Hannah Stainbank Second Year, English
The Student Union recently passed a motion to ‘End All Forced Swimming Experiments at the University of Bristol’, following a string of protests against this experiment.
Though the University of Bristol used the Forced Swim Test (FST), to understand the neurobiology of stress, this test is used elsewhere as an increasingly criticised model of depression.
pressant is seen as more e ective.
This method has been widely criticised, as the lack of movement could also be an adaptive behaviour and not an indication of depressed mood. In the UK, the Animals in Science Commission (ASC) recommended that use of this test as a model of depression should be rejected. Lord Sharpe, when working for the Home O ce, went a step further and wrote that he aims to ‘completely eliminate’ it’s use, including how it is used at the University of Bristol.
'feelings of worthlessness or thoughts of death are impossible to see in rodents,'
the core symptoms of MDD to be anhedonia (decreased ability to feel pleasure) and a depressed mood, linked with feelings of despair. Other symptoms such as feelings of worthlessness or thoughts of death are impossible to see in rodents, so are left out from animal studies. It’s a bit tricky to just ask the rats about their thoughts and feelings. Anhedonia is fairly easy to study, most often tested by o ering the animal a choice of a sweet sucrose solution, or normal water. If they are experiencing anhedonia, they will not show a significant preference for the sweet drink.
not just the FST. This indicates that perhaps the use of animal models should be refined further to lead to improvements.
'If the rat keeps swimming longer, the anti-depressant is seen as more e ective.'
Or, that rat models of depression maybe are not that similar human depression. Though it can be useful in identifying things like genetic predisposition to MDD, it seems clear that animal models have their limitations.
of participants for future studies. MDD is also categorised by a wide range of symptoms, not all of which are present in each patient. The symptoms themselves are often subjective, so the e ectiveness of treatments is often di cult to define. Though, this issue is also applicable to animal models, especially as the subjective symptoms are often di cult or even impossible to identify in animals.
There are other ways in which animals are used to model depression, with varying success. As a disorder that is largely characterised by psychological symptoms, it is interesting to consider how rodents, who seem to have a much less complex inner life than humans, are tools of research.
The obvious alternative to animal studies of depression are human studies. Recruitment for this can be time consuming and expensive, though researchers collaborating with King’s College London are seeking to change this by recruiting 40000 people with depression or anxiety. This will provide a pool
Overall, studies of depression using animal models have a long way to go. By continuing to criticise and refine these techniques, researchers can phase out ineffective tests and limit the waste of animal life. And, hopefully get closer to e ective research that leads to development in treatment.
It involves keeping the rats in an inescapable beaker of water and observing their behaviour. When they stop swimming and attempting to escape, this is categorised as an indication of despair. This has been used to test the e ectiveness of anti-depressants. If the rat keeps swimming longer, the anti-de-
‘Depressed mood’, on the other hand, poses some more challenges, as seen with the controversial FST. Other tests, such as suspending the rat from their tail and observing when they stop struggling, similarly face the problem that adaptive behaviour could be misconstrued as despair.
Mr Gordon Robson Mackenzie et al.
University of Bristol
Battery Breakthrough
By Miles Gilroy SciTech Deputy Editor
Thanks to a collaboration between scientists at the University of Bristol and the UK Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA), a breakthrough new form of zZbattery has been successfully created. A ‘diamond battery’ has the ability to provide power for thousands – yes thousands – of years.
This technology could be put to use in all areas of life and science.
As Professor Tom Scott, Professor in Materials at the University of Bristol, said “our micropower technology can support a whole range of im-
A study conducted in 2019, titled ‘Animal models of major depression: drawbacks and challenges’, looked at the uses and limitations of rodents in studies of major depressive disorder (MDD). They defined
portant applications, from space technologies and security devices through to medical implants.”
Thanks to the lifetime of these batteries, they will be extremely helpful in the medical sector. Devices such as ocular implants and pacemakers, which require constant power, will not have to be replaced within a human lifetime, reducing strain on medical services and distress in patients.
They could be used to power radio frequency tags, which are used to identify and track devic-
The 2019 study concluded that so far, animal models have ‘failed to lead to the development of new treatments and the biological mechanisms of depression are still poorly understood’. This includes a wide range of animal studies that meet validity criteria,
es such as spacecraft or payloads (like Opportunity), reducing the costs of such missions and extending their operational lifespan.
The diamond battery makes use of the carbon-14 (C-14) isotope. The half-life of C-14 is roughly 5700 years and it undergoes beta decay, meaning it continuously emits high energy electrons for thousands of years. The battery exploits the energy of these electrons, similar to a solar panel exploiing the energy of photons, enabling it to produce a steady flow of power for extremely long periods of time.
It might still be cold and it's still quite wet, but atleast we've made it through January. While the winter still seems like it's got a long way to go -- especially for those watching their meter -- we can find some hope as we begin to leave our 5pm seminars in dusk rather than darkness.
With more sunshine on the horizon, don't despair if you haven't stuck with that New Years' Resolution. Now's the best time to start something new.
February marks the start of Epigram's campaign 'Break the Mould'. If you're reading this on publication day you might spot me in the 'laundry' outside Senate. Our first protest against landlords' ignorance of Mould.
All the best -- James
A player profile of one of UBWFC's players during their friendly match against Oxford University's Development team. A summary of their day as they prepare for the 2 matches they had on Saturday 11th January as they re-settle back into life at Bristol before the start of TB2.
On 11th January 2025, before the start of TB2, the UBWFC 5s played a friendly against University of Oxford Development Team at Coombe Dingle. It was the first 11-a-side match I have played in years and the first I have played since coming to Bristol. Here's an overview of my experience having 2 matches in 1 day and my preparation for them.
I woke up at 7am and needed to get ready for my U13 Saturday youth league match that I was to referee at 10:30am. I started by getting dressed into my referee kit, wearing layers of under armour and tracksuit to stay warm after the morning frost. I prepared my referee bag with a portable charger and chocolate snack, whilst also checking that I have all the essentials such as flags, a whistle, cards, a coin and my football boots to change into. After getting changed and checking my kit, I made an
apple and sandwich breakfast and prepared a thermos with hot tea to stay warm whilst outside.
Just before 9am I left my accommodation towards the city centre bus stop to get a bus to UWE as the match was at Hillside Gardens. I got to the pitch an hour before kick o at 9:30 so I could use the time to warm up and wait for the players to arrive. Before the match, we need to talk to the managers of both teams to check-in and sort out the assistants. We also need to check players' shin pads and jewellery to ensure that they can play according to league guidelines. The match started at 10:30 and finished at midday after playing 35-minute halves.
'Since
the match finished 1-1, we moved onto penalties to decide the final winner.'
to get ready for the friendly match against Oxford. The meeting time at Coombe was 3pm, so I had time to prepare some lunch and get ready for the game. For lunch I heated up some leftover pasta and also had a chocolate pudding - it's not the healthiest pre-match meal but I only returned to Bristol the previous night and didn't have a lot of options - I also refilled my thermos with hot tea. I didn't get changed much since I was wearing under armour, black shorts and black socks - all of which were needed for the match and the shirts would be provided by the club. I also checked my bag to make sure that I had my boots, shin pads, portable charger, thermos and snacks before leaving catching the bus to Coombe.
I got the bus back from Hillside Gardens at around 12:30pm and returned back to my accommodation
I got the bus from city centre to Coombe Dingle and met up with the 5s at the reception. We waited for the UBWFC committee to arrive with the kit and get the changing room key, then we all made our way to the changing room. There was a limited supply of UBWFC black shorts and socks, so it was more convenient that I had worn my own as there were a lot of players that needed them. Afterwards, we went to the 3G pitch and warmed up whilst we waited for Oxford to arrive, then discussed the starting positions and substitutes with the UBWFC committee and 5s captain Maya Elmaghur. Just after 4pm, UBWFC 1s captain and match o cial Eve Rhind told us that we are ready to start.
I started the match as a central striker and played for most of the first half. I created a few chances in front of the Oxford goal. Once by intercepting a goal kick, then passing the ball through the defender's legs and also by passing a through ball past the Oxford defenderboth onto the left wing. Unfortunately, we weren't able to score from these chances and instead, Oxford went 1-0 after a good lob above the goalkeeper. I was then
taken o near the end of the 1st half and had to wait until the start of the 2nd half to come back on. In the 2nd half I was moved into the CAM position, which required me to run more and contribute more defensively than I am used to. I mainly stuck behind the right winger Lola Kearney, who helped me by telling me where I should be positioned and who I should mark. This was very helpful as I am not used to tracking back to help defensively. I still managed to contribute by passing a few through balls to Kearney and driving the ball into the centre of the pitch to pass it further up. The highlight of the 2nd half was when centre back Lauren Shepardson scored from a direct free kick from outside the box to even the score to 1-1. Near the end of the 2nd half, I was subbed o again and I didn't contribute anymore in the match, which I was a bit disappointed about since I wanted to play until the end.
Since the match finished 1-1, we moved onto penalties to decide the final winner. I wasn't able to take a penalty kick as I wasn't on the pitch at the final whistle. Ultimately, UBWFC won 2-1 on penalties after great penalties from Imogen Hubbard and Tom Dorrity. Additionally, goalkeeper Mila Baines had a great match saving lots of chances and 3 penalties during the shoot-out. After the match, we all went home to shower and get changed before heading to the W.G. Grace and then meeting Oxford at Den & Terrace before going to La Rocca. I used this time to shower and eat something before going to WG, where I met up with some UBWFC players and had a drink. It was a great opportunity to catch up after a long Christmas break and celebrate the win over Oxford. We stayed there for over an hour before going to Dan & Terrace, but tired, I decided to go home.
From absolute beginner to holding freedivingthreeworld records
Adam Mountain
Co-Deputy Sports Editor
Editor
Co-Deputy Editor
Co-Deputy Editor
Subeditor
Faniki Deche
Adam Mountain
Sean Lawrenson
Mihai Rosca
Having not followed the typical career path of a German and Italian UoB graduate, Sara Campbell’s story is an incredible tale of resilience, empowerment, and spirituality. Now running her Discover Your Depths programme, Sara speaks very openly with Epi-
gram about the good and bad times, and how she found freediving to be the ultimate teacher of living a happy, fulfilled, and peaceful life.
A self-described ‘small and not athletic’ individual who ‘always came last,’ Sara’s rise to freediving stardom came as a surprise to many, including herself. ‘These world records were so out of nowhere! I mean, what is the most random thing you could be good at? Holding your breath under water!’ But her journey to success was far from easy.
'We
to visit Dahab, Egypt, in 2005 on a yoga retreat. Sceptical at first, the trip proved transformative.
see something and it feels right, and for me I had that moment on... in Dahab on
the Red Sea'
‘After years of self-abuse, I realised I hadn’t been very nice to myself. Whether it’s illness, a relationship, or people that have had really tough childhoods, do they stay stuck in that victim mentality, or do they actually recognise that they are a free agent? […] We see something and it feels right, and for me I had that moment on a horse three days after I arrived in Dahab on the Red Sea.’
After an unfulfilling and ‘conventional’ career in PR, di cult relationships, and a miscarriage, Sara was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis, a stress-related disorder causing severe abdominal pain. Prescribed a lifelong course of steroids, Sara rejected the prognosis, believing she could find and address the root cause of her illness. Already an avid yogi (a yoga enthusiast for those unaware), she was encouraged by her acupuncturist
Determined to change her life, Sara left PR and London behind and returned to Dahab in 2006 to teach kundalini yoga, a practice incorporating breathwork. It was from this mastery of her breath that led a friend to encourage her to try freediving. However, before Sara could attempt her first dive, the Dahab bombings in April 2006 shook the area, killing at least 24 people and injuring another 80. Deeply impacted by the tragedy, Sara has previously recalled divers
being sent into the sea to find body parts, while she and a friend set up a private rooftop space where people could come and talk about their experiences. In the aftermath of this Sara says, ‘I realised that I was going into a state of depression’, so to try and break out of this I went diving for the first time. ‘I could take that heavy feeling and by the end of the dive fifty percent of it was gone. We went again the next day and the remaining fifty percent of that feeling was gone! I remember thinking, “Jesus! It’s only been two days”, and I’m doing something I really enjoy, so if it’s that simple to be happy I will just keep freediving.’ The rest, as they say, is history. Sara’s ascent (or rather descent) in the freediving world was meteoric. Within five weeks, she had reached a depth of 45m, closing in on the British national record. Months later, while aiming for 73m, Sara mistakenly descended to 83m after missing her rope markings to turn around. The world record at the time was 88m.
Find out more about Campbell's achievements on our website epigram.org.uk
A run down of UNBC'spreseasongruelling expectationswithhigh for TB2.
Ava Featon
First Year, English Literature
For the hardworking athletes of the University of Bristol’s Netball Academy, Christmas finished a week earlier than their fellow classmates. Tearing themselves away from the luxury of their family homes and the endless supply of sweet treats, Christmas was over, and they were left to face the challenge that is preseason. Training throughout the week beginning the 6th UBNC were pushed to the limit. The UBNC preseason, led by head coach Chantelle Wopara, is no joke.
The athletes completed five and a half hours of training per day covering a variety of technical, tactical and psychological aspects of the game.
Arriving at the Indoor Sports Centre for 10:30 the team prepared themselves for an hour and a half long court session. Completing sessions at this length and longer during the season, the girls are no strangers to a lengthy training period. The morning sessions focused more on general fitness and technical ability. Wopara put the athletes through their paces with several drills solely based on continuous running combined
'Preseason is such a good way to get back into training and a good routine.'
with multiple tough exercises such as press ups, sit ups and burpees. Also focusing on the technical side to netball, the squad completed many di erent drills each tackling a di erent technical element. Including practicing short and long leads and having the confidence to feed a long ball to reward a drive that creates depth to open the court. The team also worked on some footwork and basic passing drills to keep their foundational skills ticking over.
Having built up a sweat in the morning, the athletes were rewarded with a nutritious meal courtesy of the kitchen sta up in Coomb Dingle. Refilling their engines but also encouraging integration between di erent teams, the group lunch was a highlight of the athlete's day. Being provided with a nutrient packed
lunch is essential for these athletes to undergo such intense training. Libby Rowe, the first team’s vice captain spoke to the Epigram.
'Preseason is such a good way to get back into training and a good routine. Doing some strength-based sessions alongside court sessions mean we're feeling ready to start
the season again and it's always good to see each other after a break. It's a really good way to make sure we can re-build connections on court and start matches in the best position possible.' Find out more about UNBC's preseason exploits as well as their goals for TB2 on the Epigram website epigram.org.uk
