Ǹ Ƕ Ȁ Ǯ Ƿ ǿ Ȋ Ǹ Ǯ ǻ Ǯ Ǿ Ǽ Dz ǻ Ǯ Ǿ dz ǿ ǽ ȁ ǯ ǹ ǥ Ǹ Ǯ ǥțȢ ȜȞȚȎȤȳ ȭ ȝȞȜ ȞȖțȘ Ȗ
ƴǒǜNJǓǛǦǔNJ ƷNJǚǘǎǗNJ ƺǏǛǙǝNjǕǯǔNJ Ȃ ǎǏǚǐNJnjNJ nj ƻǟǯǎǗǯǓ ƪǑǯǰ ƷNJǓNjǯǕǦǢNJ ǑNJ ǡǒǛǏǕǦǗǯǛǜǨ ǗNJǛǏǕǏǗǗǩ ǔǚNJǰǗNJ Ǜnjǯǜǝ ǙǘǗNJǎ ǖǕǚǎ ƱNJǓǖNJǭ ǜǚǏǜǭ ǖǯǛǠǏ nj Ǜnjǯǜǯ ǑNJ ǙǕǘǣǏǨ ǙǘǛǜǝǙNJǨǡǒǛǦ ǜǯǕǦǔǒ ƺǘǛǯǰ ǜNJ ƴNJǗNJǎǯ ƴǒǜNJǓ ǖǏǐǝǭ ǗNJ ǙǯnjǗǘǡǯ Ǒ ƶǘǗǍǘǕǯǭǨ ǗNJ ǙǯnjǗǯǡǗǘǖǝ ǑNJǟǘǎǯ Ǒ ƴNJǑNJǟǛǜNJǗǘǖ ǗNJ ǑNJǟǘǎǯ Ǒ ƴǒǚǍǒǑǛǜNJǗǘǖ ǯ ƼNJǎǐǒǔǒǛǜNJǗǘǖ ǗNJ ǙǯnjǗǯǡǗǘǖǝ Ǜǟǘǎǯ Ǒ ƺǘǛǯǓǛǦǔǘǨ ƾǏǎǏǚNJǠǯǭǨ ǜNJ ƹǯnjǗǯǡǗǘǨ ƴǘǚǏǭǨ ǗNJ ǙǯnjǎǏǗǗǘǖǝ ǑNJǟǘǎǯ Ǒ ΤǗǎǯǭǨ ǜNJ ƷǏǙNJǕǘǖ ǗNJ ǙǯnjǎǗǯ Ǒ ƫǝǜNJǗǘǖ ƶ ǩǗǖǘǨ ǚNJǗǯǢǏ ƫǯǚǖNJ ƵNJǘǛǘǖ ǯ Ƭ ǭǜǗNJǖǘǖ ǗNJ Ǚǯnj ǎǏǗǗǘǖǝ Ǜǟǘǎǯ ǔǚNJǰǗǝ ǘǖǒnjNJǭ ƹǯnjǎǏǗǗǘ ƴǒǜNJǓǛǦǔǏ ǖǘǚǏ ƻǜǘǕǒǠǩ ƹǏǔǯǗ ƴƷƺ ǭ ǔNJǗǎǒǎNJǜǘǖ ǗNJǎǎǏǚǐNJnjǘǨ ǙǘǛǜǯǓǗǒǖ ǡǕǏǗǘǖ ƺNJǎǒ ƫǏǑǙǏǔǒ ƸƸƷ ǘǎǗǯǭǨ Ǒ ǙǚǘnjǯǎǗǒǟ ǔǘǛǖǯǡǗǒǟ ǎǏǚǐNJnj Ǜnjǯǜǝ njǘǕǘǎǯǭ ǩǎǏǚǗǘǨ ǑNjǚǘǭǨ ǯ ǗNJǓNjǯǕǦǢǘǨ nj Ǜnjǯǜǯ NJǚǖǯǭǨ ǑNJ ǡǒǛǏǕǦǗǯǛǜǨ njǯǓǛǦǔǘnjǘǛǕǝǐNjǘnjǠǯnj
ƸǛǗǘnjǗNJ ǯǗǞǘǚǖNJǠǯǩ ƷNJǛǏǕǏǗǗǩ ǖǕǗ ǘǛǯNj
ƹǕǘǣNJ ǜǒǛ ǔǖ
ƬƬƹ ǖǕǚǎ
ƬƬƹ ǗNJ ǎǝǢǝ ǗNJǛǏǕǏǗǗǩ
ƱǚǘǛǜNJǗǗǩ ƬƬƹ
ΤǗǞǕǩǠǯǩ
ƫǏǑǚǘNjǯǜǜǩ
ƻǏǚǏǎǗǩ ǑNJǚǘNjǯǜǗNJ ǙǕNJǜNJ ǗNJ ǖǯǛǩǠǦ
ƱNJǍNJǕǦǗǒǓ ǯǖǙǘǚǜ ǖǕǚǎ
ƱNJǍNJǕǦǗǒǓ ǏǔǛǙǘǚǜ ǖǕǚǎ
ƯǔǛǙǘǚǜ Ǒ ƽǔǚNJǰǗǒ ǎǘ ƴǒǜNJǨ ǖǕǗ
ΤǖǙǘǚǜ Ǒ ƴǒǜNJǨ ǎǘ ƽǔǚNJǰǗǒ ǖǕǗ
ƮǏǚǐNJnjǗNJ ǖǘnjNJ
ƴǒǜNJǓǛǦǔNJ
ƹǚǏǑǒǎǏǗǜ
ƻǯ ǀǑǯǗǦǙǯǗ
ƹǚǏǖȇǭǚ ǖǯǗǯǛǜǚ
Ƶǯ ƴǏǠǩǗ
ƻǜǘǕǒǠǩ ǯ ǗNJǓNjǯǕǦǢǏ ǖǯǛǜǘ
ƹǏǔǯǗ ǂNJǗǟNJǓ
ƬNJǕǨǜNJ
ƴǒǜNJǓǛǦǔǒǓ ǨNJǗǦ &1<
&1< 86' &1< 8$+
DzȔȓȞȓșȜ
WorldBank, OECD, UN ComTrade, ƮǏǚǐNJnjǗǒǓ ǔǘǖǯǜǏǜ ǛǜNJǜǒǛǜǒǔǒ ƽǔǚNJǰǗǒ njǯǎǔǚǒǜǯ ǎǐǏǚǏǕNJ
ǖǕǗ
ǖǕǗ
ΤǖǙǘǚǜ ƴǒǜNJǨ ƽ ǚǘǠǯ ǛǝǖNJǚǗǒǓ ǯǖǙǘǚǜ ƴǒǜNJǨ ǛǜNJǗǘnjǒnj ǖǕǗ ƸǛǗǘnjǗǒǖǒ ǔNJǜǏǍǘǚǯǩǖǒ ǜǘnjNJǚǯnj ǩǔǯ ǯǖǙǘǚǜǝnjNJnj ƴǒǜNJǓ NjǝǕǒ ǏǕǏǔǜǚǒǡǗǯ ǖNJǢǒǗǒ njǯǎ ǑNJǍNJǕǦǗǘǍǘ ǘNjǛǩǍǝ ǜNJ ǝ njNJǚǜǯǛǗǘǖǝ njǒǚNJǐǏǗǯ NjǕǒǑǦǔǘ ǖǕǗ ǙNJǕǒnjNJ ǖǯǗǏǚNJǕǦǗǯ ǗNJǞǜNJ ǯ Ǚǚǘǎǝǔǜǒ
ƼǘǙ ǍǚǝǙ ǯǖǙǘǚǜǝ ƴǒǜNJǨ ǖǕǗ ǻȎȟȳțțȭ ȳ ȝșȜȒȖ ȜșȳȗțȖȣ ȞȜȟșȖț
ǼȞȑȎțȳȥțȳ ȣȳȚȳȥțȳ ȟȝȜșȡȘȖ
ǽșȎȟȠȚȎȟȖ ȝȜșȳȚȓȞțȳ ȚȎȠȓȞȳȎșȖ ǵȎȟȜȏȖ țȎȕȓȚțȜȑȜ ȠȞȎțȟȝȜȞȠȡ ȘȞȳȚ ȕȎșȳȕțȖȥțȜȑȜ
ǥțȦȳ ȠȜȐȎȞȖ
ǽȞȖșȎȒȖ ȠȎ ȎȝȎȞȎȠȖ ȜȝȠȖȥțȳ ȢȜȠȜȑȞȎȢȳȥțȳ
ǾȡȒȖ ȦșȎȘȖ ȳ ȕȜșȎ
ǾȓȎȘȠȜȞȖ ȭȒȓȞțȳ ȘȜȠșȖ ȚȎȦȖțȖ
ǽȎșȖȐȎ Țȳțȓ ȞȎșȪțȳ țȎȢȠȎ ȳ ȝȞȜȒȡȘȠȖ ȳȴ ȝȓȞȓȑȜțȘȖ
dzșȓȘȠȞȖȥțȳ ȚȎȦȖțȖ
DzȔȓȞȓșȜ Trade Map
ǰǰ ǙǏǚǏǍǘǗǔǒ ǖǕǗ ǚǏNJǔǜǘǚǒ ǩǎǏǚǗǯ ǔǘǜǕǒ ǖNJǢǒǗǒ ǖǕǗ ǚǝǎǒ ǢǕNJǔǒ ǜNJ ǑǘǕNJ ǖǕǗ NJ ǜNJǔǘǐ ǙǚǒǕNJ ǎǒ NJǙNJǚNJǜǒ ǘǙǜǒǡǗǯ ǞǘǜǘǍǚNJǞǯǡǗǯ ǖǕǗ
ƼǘǙ ǍǚǝǙ ǯǖǙǘǚǜǝ ƴǒǜNJǨ
38 23
44
26
2 3 4
61 71
4
11 5
77 93 93 148 176 414
6
6
9
26%
dzșȓȘȠȞȖȥțȳ ȚȎȦȖțȖ
11%
ǽȎșȖȐȎ ȚȳțȓȞȎșȪțȳ țȎȢȠȎ ȳ ȝȞȜȒȡȘȠȖ ȳȴ ȝȓȞȓȑȜțȘȖ
9%
ǾȓȎȘȠȜȞȖ ȭȒȓȞțȳ ȘȜȠșȖ ȚȎȦȖțȖ
ǾȡȒȖ ȦșȎȘȖ ȳ ȕȜșȎ
ǽȞȖșȎȒȖ ȠȎ ȎȝȎȞȎȠȖ ȜȝȠȖȥțȳ ȢȜȠȜȑȞȎȢȳȥțȳ
ǥțȦȳ ȠȜȐȎȞȖ
ǵȎȟȜȏȖ țȎȕȓȚțȜȑȜ ȠȞȎțȟȝȜȞȠȡ ȘȞȳȚ ȕȎșȳȕțȖȥțȜȑȜ
ǽșȎȟȠȚȎȟȖ ȝȜșȳȚȓȞțȳ ȚȎȠȓȞȳȎșȖ
ǼȞȑȎțȳȥțȳ ȣȳȚȳȥțȳ ȟȝȜșȡȘȖ
ǻȎȟȳțțȭ ȳ ȝșȜȒȖ ȜșȳȗțȖȣ ȞȜȟșȖț
ǾȓȦȠȎ
DzȔȓȞȓșȜ Trade Map
ƴǚNJǰǗǒ ǯǖǙǘǚǜǏǚǒ ƴǒǜNJǨ ƸǛǗǘnjǗǘǨ ǔǚNJǰǗǘǨ ǯǖǙǘǚǜǏǚǘǖ ǜǘnjNJǚǯnj Ǒ ƴǒǜNJǨ ǭ ƴǘǚǏǓǛǦǔNJ ƺǏǛǙǝNjǕǯǔNJ ǩǔNJ ǯǖǙǘǚǜǝǭ njǯǎ ǑNJǍNJǕǦǗǘǍǘ ǘNjǛǩǍǝ ǣǘ ǝ njNJǚǜǯǛǗǘ ǖǝ njǒǚNJǐǏǗǯ ǛǔǕNJǎNJǭ ǖǕǗ ƼNJǔǘǐ ǗNJǓNjǯǕǦǢǒǖǒ ǯǖǙǘǚǜǏǚNJǖǒ njǒǛǜǝǙNJǨǜǦ ljǙǘǗǯǩ ƼNJǓnjNJǗǦ ƻǂƪ ƽǔǚNJǰǗNJ ǛǏǚǏǎ
ƸǛǗǘnjǗǯ ǯǖǙǘǚǜǏǚǒ ƴǒǜNJǨ ǝ ǚǘǠǯ
ǯǖǙǘǚǜǏǚǯnj ƴǒǜNJǨ ǙǘǛǯǎNJǭ ǖǯǛǠǏ ǜNJ ǝ njǯǎǛǘǜǔǘnjǘǖǝ njǒǚNJǐǏǗǯ njǯǎ ǑNJǍNJǕǦǗǘǍǘ ǘNjǛǩǍǝ ǑNJǓǖNJǭ NjǕǒǑǦǔǘ
ƴǚNJǰǗǒ ǯǖǙǘǚǜǏǚǒ ƴǒǜNJǨ ǝ ǚǘǠǯ ǖǕǗ ȆȐȓȗȤȎȞȳȭ
4
3
3 3
ǯȞȎȕȖșȳȭ
10 9
5 8 9
ǺȎșȎȗȕȳȭ
ǻȳȚȓȥȥȖțȎ
10%
ǸȜȞȓȗȟȪȘȎ ǾȓȟȝȡȏșȳȘȎ
9%
ȍȝȜțȳȭ
9%
ȀȎȗȐȎțȪ
ǸȖȠȎȗ
ǿȆǮ ǿȆǮ
ǸȖȠȎȗ
ǻȳȚȓȥȥȖțȎ
ǮȐȟȠȞȎșȳȭ
Ɍɨɪɝɿɜɥɹ ɦɿɠ Ʉɢɬɚɽɦ ɬɚ Ʉɢɬɚɽɦ ɩɨɹɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɧɢɦɢ ɨɛɫɹɝɚɦɢ ɪɟ ɿɦɩɨɪɬɭ
ȀȎȗȐȎțȪ
ȍȝȜțȳȭ
ǺȎșȎȗȕȳȭ
ǯȞȎȕȖșȳȭ
ȆȐȓȗȤȎȞȳȭ
DzȔȓȞȓșȜ Trade Map
46 49
9 ǮȐȟȠȞȎșȳȭ
40
ǸȜȞȓȗȟȪȘȎ ǾȓȟȝȡȏșȳȘȎ
DzȔȓȞȓșȜ Trade Map
70 86 129
Ɍɨɪɝɿɜɥɹ ɦɿɠ Ʉɢɬɚɽɦ ɬɚ Ʉɢɬɚɽɦ ɩɨɹɫɧɸ ɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɧɢɦɢ ɨɛɫɹɝɚɦɢ ɪɟ ɿɦɩɨɪɬɭ
135 140 146 159
ƽǔǚNJǰǗǛǦǔǒǓ ǏǔǛǙǘǚǜ
ƽǔǚNJǰǗǛǦǔǒǓ ǯǖǙǘǚǜ
ƱNJǍNJǕǦǗǒǓ ǏǔǛǙǘǚǜ ƽǔǚNJǰǗǒ ǎǘ ƴǒǜNJǨ ǝ ǚǘǠǯ ǛǜNJǗǘnjǒnj ǖǕǗ ƸǛǗǘnjǗǒǖǒ ǔNJǜǏǍǘǚǯǩǖǒ ǜǘnjNJǚǯnj ǩǔǯ ǏǔǛǙǘǚǜǝnjNJǕǒǛǩ ǎǘ ƴǒǜNJǨ NjǝǕǒ ǚǝǎǒ ǢǕNJǔǒ ǯ ǑǘǕNJ njǯǎ ǑNJǍNJǕǦǗǘǍǘ ǘNjǛǩǍǝ ǐǒǚǒ ǜNJ ǘǕǯǰ ǜnjNJǚǒǗǗǘǍǘ NJNjǘ ǚǘǛǕǒǗǗǘǍǘ ǙǘǟǘǎǐǏǗǗǩ ǑǏǚǗǘnjǯ ǔǝǕǦǜǝǚǒ ǎǏǚǏnjǒǗNJ ǯ njǒǚǘNjǒ Ǒ ǎǏǚǏnjǒǗǒ ǜNJ ǚǏNJǔǜǘǚǒ ǩǎǏǚǗǯ ǔǘǜǕǒ ǖNJǢǒǗǒ
ƱNJǍNJǕǦǗǒǓ ǯǖǙǘǚǜ ƽǔǚNJǰǗǒ Ǒ ƴǒǜNJǨ ǝ ǚǘǠǯ ǛǜNJǗǘnjǒnj ǖǕǗ ƷNJǚNJǑǯ ǘǛǗǘnjǗǒǖ ǔNJǜǏǍǘǚǯǩǖǒ ǜǘnjNJǚǯnj ǩǔǯ ǯǖǙǘǚǜǝnjNJǕǒǛǦ Ǒ ƴǒǜNJǨ NjǝǕǒ ǏǕǏǔǜǚǒǡǗǯ ǖNJǢǒǗǒ njǯǎ ǑNJǍNJǕǦǗǘǍǘ ǘNjǛǩǍǝ ǚǏNJǔǜǘǚǒ ǩǎǏǚǗǯ ǔǘǜǕǒ ǖNJǢǒǗǒ ǙǕNJǛǜǖNJǛǒ ǙǘǕǯǖǏǚǗǯ ǖNJǜǏǚǯNJǕǒ ǡǘǚǗǯ ǖǏǜNJǕǒ ǜNJ ǘǚǍNJǗǯǡǗǯ ǟǯǖǯǡǗǯ ǛǙǘǕǝǔǒ
ƽǔǚNJǰǗǛǦǔǒǓ ǏǔǛǙǘǚǜ ǜǘnjNJǚǯnj ǎǘ ƴǒǜNJǨ ǝ ǚǘǠǯ ǖǕǗ
ƽǔǚNJǰǗǛǦǔǒǓ ǯǖǙǘǚǜ ǜǘnjNJǚǯnj Ǒ ƴǒǜNJǨ ǝ ǚǘǠǯ ǖǕǗ
2 2,9
40,2 22,2 28,2
34,7 28,8 25,3 2,6 2,3
2014
7 4,1 3
20,6 14,7
15,5 6,3 28,2 3,5 4
2015
13,6 13,8 3,7 3,6
23
24,7 17,4 5,7 25,3 3,8 3,7
2016
2016
2015
2014
60,1
ȞȡȒȖ ȦșȎȘȖ ȳ ȕȜșȎ
ȓșȓȘȠȞȖȥțȳ ȚȎȦȖțȖ
ȔȖȞȖ ȠȎ Ȝșȳȴ ȠȐȎȞȖțțȜȑȜ ȎȏȜ ȞȜȟșȖțțȜȑȜ ȝȜȣȜȒȔȓțțȭ
ȞȓȎȘȠȜȞȖ ȭȒȓȞțȳ ȘȜȠșȖ ȚȎȦȖțȖ
ȕȓȞțȜȐȳ ȘȡșȪȠȡȞȖ
ȝșȎȟȠȚȎȟȖ ȝȜșȳȚȓȞțȳ ȚȎȠȓȞȳȎșȖ
ȒȓȞȓȐȖțȎ ȳ ȐȖȞȜȏȖ ȕ ȒȓȞȓȐȖțȖ
ȥȜȞțȳ ȚȓȠȎșȖ
ȞȓȎȘȠȜȞȖ ȭȒȓȞțȳ ȘȜȠșȖ ȚȎȦȖțȖ
ȜȞȑȎțȳȥțȳ ȣȳȚȳȥțȳ ȟȝȜșȡȘȖ
DzȔȓȞȓșȜ ƮǏǚǐNJnjǗǒǓ ǔǘǖǯǜǏǜ ǛǜNJǜǒǛǜǒǔǒ ƽǔǚNJǰǗǒ
DzȔȓȞȓșȜ ƮǏǚǐNJnjǗǒǓ ǔǘǖǯǜǏǜ ǛǜNJǜǒǛǜǒǔǒ ƽǔǚNJǰǗǒ
ƽ ǚǘǠǯ ǘNjȇǭǖ ǜǘǚǍǯnjǕǯ ǙǘǛǕǝǍNJǖǒ ǛǔǕNJnj ǖǕǗ ǎǘǕNJǚǯnj ƻǂƪ ǜNJ ǑǖǏǗǢǒnjǛǩ nj ǙǘǚǯnjǗǩǗǗǯ Ǒ ǚǘǔǘǖ ǗNJ Ǚǚǒ ǠǦǘǖǝ ǏǔǛǙǘǚǜ ǙǘǛǕǝǍ Ǒ ƽǔǚNJǰǗǒ ǎǘ ƴǒǜNJǨ ǛǜNJǗǘnjǒnj ǖǕǗ ǎǘǕNJǚǯnj ƻǂƪ ǜNJ ǑǚǯǛ ǗNJ ǯǖǙǘǚǜ ǔǒǜNJǓǛǦǔǒǟ ǙǘǛǕǝǍ nj ƽǔǚNJǰǗǝ ǛǜNJǗǘnjǒnj ǖǕǗ ǎǘǕNJǚǯnj ƻǂƪ ǜNJ ǑǖǏǗǢǒnjǛǩ ǗNJ ƷǏǍNJǜǒnjǗǏ ǛNJǕǦǎǘ ǎǕǩ ƽǔǚNJǰǗǒ ǑNJ ǠǏǓ ǙǏǚǯǘǎ ǛǔǕNJǕǘ ǖǕǗ ǎǘǕNJǚǯnj ƻǂƪ
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