EQ International Jan/Feb 2013 Edition by EQ Int'l Solar Media Group

EQ Future-Proof Inverter Quality

Factors To Be Considered For The Selection Of A Grid Connect PV Inverter

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January-February 2013

INTERNATIONAL www.EQMaglive.com

BIHAR Issues RFS for 150 MW Solar PV Power Projects with Pisci-Culture

Interview With Inderpreet Wadhwa CEO-Azure Power

Anti-Dumping Measures Against China And Their Impacts On Solar PV Module Markets In The US, Europe And China

Come and see us at InterSolar Mumbai - India 14-16 December 2011 Stand 1361 Hall 1

Now, an Intelligent Approach to Protecting PV Systems Today, thereâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a smarter way to look after your PV investment from Cooper Bussmann, the leader in circuit protection. Our next generation of combiner boxes deliver increased functionality for protecting PV systems. With specialist application engineers, we build to your exact specifications with overcurrent and overvoltage protection, monitoring and PV array switching, all wrapped up in one neat custom-built solution. Configurable up to 24 strings, with Modbus-enabled real time monitoring for systems up to 1000Vdc and 630A, a combiner box from Cooper Bussmann is the smart choice for the optimum solution to protecting your PV system investment. Contact your local Cooper Bussmann representative for details: Cooper Bussmann, India, Pvt. Ltd, 2, EVR Street, Sedarpet Indl. Estate, Pondicherry - 605 111, India Tel: +91 413 267 2015 E-mail: ieccombinerbox@cooperindustries.com

Learn more at www.cooperbussmann.com/solar

All Cooper logos are valuable trademarks of Cooper Industries in the US and other countries. You are not permitted to use Cooper trademarks without prior written consent.

EDITORIAL Eyes of the World are on India’s Solar Market in 2013 The Global PV Installations are projected to reach 35 GW in 2013 and India is expected to have a 10 % Share if the World Photovoltaic MArket. Europe accounted for more than 80 percent of solar demand in 2010, but its share is on the wane—contracting to 53 percent in 2012, and forecast to slide further this year to 39 percent. Meanwhile, Asia is on track to replace Europe as the world’s largest source of solar installations moving forward (IHS). India on its path to install 3-4 GW in 2013 Following the States of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Orissa, now Bihar has recently issued a RFP for installing 150 MW Solar PV Power Projects with Pisci-Culture. This innovative approach taken by the government of Bihar is to empower people at the grassroot level by sharing the benefit of Solar Projects between the Solar Developer and Fisher Community. Kerala’s ANERT has chosen 14 companies to be eligible to set up 10,000 - 1 kWp RoofTop Battery Backed Solar PV Projects , This will result in 10 MW RoofTop Installations in Kerala. India’s flagship program JNNSM - Phase II has been delayed due to the Ministry of Finance delayed the release of payments to the National Clean Energy Fund (NCEF). The NCEF was supposed to be infused into the Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI) for providing the Viability Gap Funding (VGF). The results of the Andhra Pradesh RFS for 1 GW of the Solar Projects are awaited. Andhra DISCOMS are one of the very few in the country making a profit. The state will allow 12 months for commissioning of the project and the maximum size which can be allocated to one developer is 200 MW though a maximum of 20 MW can be setup at individual location. Tamil Nadu 1 GW RFS received a very sluggish response from the developers. Bids for just 499 MW were submitted. The state is famous for delayed payments to the power producers. Also the condition that all the developers will have to match the lowest bidder, less time for commissioning of the project were among other reasons for this sluggish response. CERC extends the validity of the Renewable Energy Certificates (REC’s) from the earlier 1 Year to 730 Days for the REC’s issued on and after Nov 01, 2011 to prevent them from lapsing in view of sluggish market demand. The success of the renewable energy capacity addition programme in general and REC mechanism in particular are largely dependent on enforcement of Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO). CERC does not have the jurisdiction to enforce the RPO on the obligated entities in the States. The responsibility of setting RPO targets and implementation thereof rests with the State Electricity Regulatory Commissions (SERCs). Therefore, SERCs would have to strictly monitor RPO compliance made by the obligated entities and enforce compliance as per their REC Regulations in order to make the REC programme successful. CERC only hopes and expects that the SERCs will ensure and monitor compliance of RPO targets by obligated entities in their respective States. CERC suggests that the Commission should introduce a national level body known as Market Maker or REC Price Guarantor to act as the buyer of last resort and seller of last resort. POSOCO has cautioned that as per the bidding pattern observed in the past, some of the RE generators do not offer their RECs for trade even if it results in lapsing of RECs. POSOCO has suggested for a balanced approach in the matter of extension of the period of validity in order to provide certainty in REC market and to discourage speculation by some of the RE generators. The Jan-2013 REC Trading Session surprised the Solar REC generators after the 2 exchanges witnessed the Buy Bids of 42,245 Solar REC’s. The Total Solar REC inventory available was 3559. The non-solar REC’s continue to disappoint as more than 1.5 Million non-solar REC’s were left unsold in the January-2013 trading session. Solar Trade Wars continue United States requested World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute settlement consultations with the Government of India concerning domestic content requirements in India’s national solar program.Consultations are the first step in the WTO dispute settlement process, and parties are encouraged to agree to a solution at this stage. Under WTO rules, if the matter is not resolved through consultations within 60 days, the United States may request the establishment of a WTO dispute settlement panel.U.S. Trade representative Ron Kirk says “India’s program appears to discriminate against U.S. solar equipment by requiring solar energy producers to use Indian-manufactured solar cells and modules and by offering subsidies to those developers for using domestic equipment instead of imports. These forced localization requirements of India’s national solar program restrict India’s market to U.S. imports. Tackling these barriers is a top priority of the Obama Administration.” Anand Gupta Editor & CEO

SOLAR ENERGY

CONTENTS QUARTER RESULTS

VOLUME 3

EDITOR & CEO:

Saumya Bansal Gupta

Artur Deger 32 Change Of Energy From The Base Up

TRENDS & ANALYSIS

22 Power-One to focus on Key Markets Ch-India, Japan in 2013

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Editorial Contributions:

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42 Future-Proof Inverter Quality

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Cover Cooper Bussmann, the leader in circuit protection, offers a comprehensive range of overcurrent, overvoltage and monitoring products for the solar photovoltaic market. From PV fuses to complete combiner solutions, there is a product to meet every need and application, ensuring that people, property and payback are protected. With local manufacturing, application engineering and field support on offer Cooper Bussmann is the first choice for the PV industry.

Come and see us at InterSolar Mumbai - India 14-16 December 2011 Stand 1361 Hall 1

Now, an Intelligent Approach to Protecting PV Systems Today, there’s a smarter way to look after your PV investment from Cooper Bussmann, the leader in circuit protection. Our next generation of combiner boxes deliver increased functionality for protecting PV systems. With specialist application engineers, we build to your exact specifications with overcurrent and overvoltage protection, monitoring and PV array switching, all wrapped up in one neat custom-built solution. Configurable up to 24 strings, with Modbus-enabled real time monitoring for systems up to 1000Vdc and 630A, a combiner box from Cooper Bussmann is the smart choice for the optimum solution to protecting your PV system investment. Contact your local Cooper Bussmann representative for details: Cooper Bussmann, India, Pvt. Ltd, 2, EVR Street, Sedarpet Indl. Estate, Pondicherry - 605 111, India Tel: +91 413 267 2015 E-mail: ieccombinerbox@cooperindustries.com

Learn more at www.cooperbussmann.com/solar

All Cooper logos are valuable trademarks of Cooper Industries in the US and other countries. You are not permitted to use Cooper trademarks without prior written consent.

SOLAR ENERGY

INTERVIEW

CONTENTS

Stephen CAI

Nitin Bhosale

35 CEO-China Sunergy (Nanjing) Co., Ltd.

38 Factors To Be Considered For The Selection Of A Grid Connect PV Inverter

Eq Business & Financial News 6-21, 66-72

QUARTER RESULTS 26 Sunpower : Well Accelarated Cost Reduction Roadmap For 2012 28 REC’s 4th Quarter 2012 : Excessive Global Production Capacity Continues The Downward Pressure On Prices 30 MEMC Reports Fourth Quarter And Full Year 2012 Results

SOLAR ENERGY

Mohammad Kamil

T.Harinarayana

46 Solar Photovoltaic Inverters Evolution for Maximum Energy Harvesting

50 GERMI’s Innovative research in Solar PV installations in Gandhinagar, Gujarat

32 Change Of Energy From The Base Up 40 Tata Power Solar installs 17 MW Solar Power Plant In Mithapur Within Scheduled Time And Delivers Higher Performance Ratio 52 Mitigation of Risks and Uncertainties Associated With Large Scale Solar PV Plants 54 Anti-Dumping Measures Against China And Their Impacts On Solar PV Module Markets In The US, Europe And China

RENEWABLE ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

POLICY & REGULATION

Pramod V. Hargude

Dwipen Boruah

56 Solar Roof Top - The Upcoming Market Revolution

62 Developing Corporate Green Strategy

36 BIHAR Issues RFS for 150 MW Solar PV Power Projects with Pisci-Culture

SMART GRID 58 India’s Quest for an Energy Smart Future

RENEWABLE ENERGY 65 Can A Grid Be Completely Supported By Renewable Energy?

PRODUCTS 73-75 CONFERENCE & EVENTS 76 Eq International Magazine Editorial Advisory Board Inside Back Cover

& EQBusiness Financial Photovoltaic Industry to Enjoy Robust Installation Growth in 2013, but Revenue Dip Poses Challenges Global photovoltaic (PV) installations will rise this year in a continuing pattern of solid growth, but the industry will nonetheless suffer a decline in overall revenue due to lower volume growth and decreasing system prices, according to an IHS Solar white paper from information and analytics provider IHS (NYSE: IHS).

companies will be the rapid globalization of the industry, Sharma noted. Europe accounted for more than 80 percent of solar demand in 2010, but its share is on the wane—contracting to 53 percent in 2012, and forecast to slide further this year to 39 percent. Meanwhile, Asia is on track to replace Europe as the world’s largest source

PV installations are projected to reach 35 gigawatts (GW) this year, up from 32 GW in 2012. In comparison, industry revenue— measured as the system price multiplied by total gigawatts installed—will retreat to an estimated $75 billion, down from $77 billion last year, and exhibiting an even steeper fall from the market’s peak revenue of $94 billion in 2011. “The conflicting trend of growing PV installation volumes accompanied on the other hand by falling revenues will challenge solar companies to continue to reduce their cost structures,” said Ash Sharma, director of syndicated solar research for IHS. “While solar installations have grown every single year without fail since we started analyzing the industry in 2006—and will continue to do so until at least 2017—the picture is much more sobering when one looks at industry revenue, especially as PV component prices continue downward. And installation growth, although positive, is also slowing, further affecting the industry’s overall top line.” Along with slightly diminished prospects this year, an equally imposing problem for solar

demand in 2012, the group’s combined share this year will drop to 65 percent. Midsized markets, like South Africa and Romania, are anticipated to gain increasing importance on the world solar stage, even with installations of just a few hundred megawatts per year that will end up eating into the share of the majors. Despite the resulting market fragmentation, the good news is that more stability will result for an industry swinging perpetually from bust to boom, Sharma said. In particular, the policies emanating from a single government will now have less of a monolithic impact on the overall global solar market.

of solar installations moving forward. “Historically, solar companies could rely on Germany and a few other European countries to support their business,” Sharma noted. “But these same companies need to now quickly accelerate their entrance into emerging markets around the world.” After years as the world’s top solar market, Germany will fall to third place in 2013, behind China and the United States. Japan and Italy follow in fourth and fifth, respectively. More important than the change in ranking is the geographic fragmentation expected to escalate this year. Although the Top 5 accounted for nearly 75 percent of total solar

Stability comes at a price, however, according to Sharma. A steadier market also means more intense challenges will be in store for solar companies, as firms are forced to undertake actions large and small in order to globalize their business. Such measures could entail setting up new sales and service networks, compliance with local requirements and grid codes, and navigating past the “quick-hit” markets that are present one year and gone the next. Sunnier prospects are in store on the whole starting next year, when solar industry revenue expands in the double digits from 2014 to 2016. Revenue will then soar past the high watermark of 2011, climbing to $115 billion by 2016.

Global Solar Pv Capacity To More Than Triple By 2020 Constantly evolving and more efficient technology provided at lower prices, combined with a need for energy security and independence, will ensure the continued rise of solar photovoltaic (PV) power across the world, states research and consulting firm GlobalData.The company’s latest report* forecasts global solar PV to continue its meteoric rise in the near future, with cumulative installed capacity climbing from 97 Gigawatts (GW) in 2012 to 330 GW by just 2020 – demonstrating a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 16.5%. 6 EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

Germany is a major supporter of solar PV and is estimated to have accounted for around 32% of the global solar PV installed capacity in 2012. The country has proved its commitment to the renewable energy source through various policies and programs in recent years and maintained its position at the forefront of the market’s development and technological progress. As a result, Germany’s solar PV installed capacity has leaped from a relatively meagre 2.7 Gigawatts (GW) in 2006 to 30.1 GW just six years later in 2012. Continuing support

though Feed-in-Tariffs (FITs) and other schemes will see this total reach 48 GW by the end of the decade, predicts GlobalData. China remains the largest manufacturer of solar PV modules in the world and exports over 90% of its produce abroad. However, the Asian giant is also expected to significantly increase solar module installation at home in the near future, with GlobalData expecting a massive surge in installed capacity, from 7.6 GW in 2012 to 70 GW in 2020.

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& EQBusiness Financial 2013 will be the year of the turnaround After a tough first quarter, a substantial increase in global demand is forecast to drive increasing revenues and stabilizing prices in the second half of 2013. IHS forecasts 35 GW of global installations in 2013, up 10 percent over 2012. Although this level of growth is lower than previous years, it will drive a continuous improvement of shipments and revenues in the polysilicon to module supply chain throughout 2013. Recent positive signals from authorities in several

key markets like China and France raise hopes for the recovery of the PV industry to happen even faster. “Whilst it’s too early to give the all-clear for the PV supplier industry, there is increasing indication that the year 2013 will mark the turnaround,” concluded de Haan. The chart below presents a forecast of global shipments of the photovoltaic module industry (crystalline and thin film).

Source : IHS January 2013

Tier 1 Polysilicon Producers Rationalize Supply to Photovoltaic Industry, According to NPD Solarbuzz Substantial Reductions in Plant Utilization Rates Necessary to Stabilize Polysilicon Prices Polysilicon suppliers to the solar photovoltaic (PV) industry have been significantly lowering plant utilization rates during the past six months, with average quarterly utilization rates falling below 70%, as released in the latest NPD Solarbuzz Q4’12 Polysilicon and Wafer Supply Chain Quarterly Report. This contrasts with historic plant utilization rates at above 90% typically provided by the leading polysilicon suppliers to the solar PV industry. Even when polysilicon spot prices declined 70% between Q1’11 and Q2’12, Tier 1 polysilicon suppliers maintained these high utilization rates. “Polysilicon makers strive to run plants at optimal capacity levels, where maximizing production offers the lowest cost structures by spreading depreciation costs over a larger volume. This often results in the highest yields, avoids shutdown/start-up costs, and enables volume purchases of raw materials,” stated Charles Annis, Vice President at NPD Solarbuzz. Accordingly, polysilicon suppliers maintained high utilization rates while prices remained above cash costs. When average spot prices

fell below $20/Kg in Q3’12, and continued down to $16/Kg in Q4’12, even Tier 1 makers with best-ofclass cost structures were forced to adjust production levels.

Figure 1: Tier 1 Polysilicon Maker Plant Utilization

China, the world’s largest endmarket, consumed Source: NPD Solarbuzz Q4’12 Polysilicon and Wafer Supply a p p r o x i m a t e l y Chain Quarterly Report 188,000 tons of polysilicon for PV polysilicon suppliers. In fact, several Tier 1 applications between Q1’11 and Q3’12. polysilicon manufacturers, including Wacker, However, during the same time period, Hemlock, OCI, and Tokuyama, have now 262,000 tons of materials were provided decided to delay ramping up and building to the Chinese market from a combination of new polysilicon plants. domestic production and foreign imports. “The rationalization of supply finally started In particular, foreign imports grew to record stabilizing polysilicon prices towards the highs during most of 2012. As a result, the end of Q4’12, and this trend continues 74,000 tons of excess supply contributed to a into early Q1’13,” added Annis. “Even strong inventory buildup and, combined with so, price pressure is expected to remain weaker than hoped end-market PV demand strong with polysilicon makers hoping to during 2H’12, ultimately led to the recent increase utilization rates as early as possible. utilization corrections. Moreover, several polysilicon plants are still The reduced utilization rates have also currently scheduled for completion, but this had a profound impact on the previously new capacity is likely to remain idle until aggressive capacity expansion plans of PV end-market PV demand increases.”

Suppliers will experience seasonal weakness in the first quarter of 2013 In the first quarter of 2013 suppliers are predicted to experience the usual seasonal weakness of global solar markets. Global PV installations are forecast to drop to 6.7 GW in this quarter. As a result upstream 8 EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

shipments and revenues will temporarily come under pressure again. With prices forecast to decrease by another 4 -5 percent in the first quarter of 2013 (compared to the fourth quarter of 2012), module revenues

will fall back to the critical levels of the third quarter of 2012—or even below. This will force more suppliers to review their business models and eventually leave the solar market.

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& EQBusiness Financial Photovoltaic Module Shipments Surge in the Fourth Quarter of 2012 After a disastrous third quarter of 2012 featuring extremely low factory utilization rates across the entire photovoltaic (PV) supply chain, a surge in demand was seen in the final quarter of the year for PV modules. A new PV module shipment record of 11 gigawatts (GW) was reached in the fourth quarter according to the IHS Solar Integrated Market Tracker from information and analytics provider IHS (NYSE: IHS). Despite this positive sign the situation of the global PV industry remains critical and a substantial recovery of the supply-demand balance is not expected to occur before the second half of 2013. PV markets rebound sharply in the fourth quarter of 2012 The third quarter of 2012 dealt another blow to the global photovoltaic industry. After a relatively strong second quarter resulting in global installations of 7.8 GW, markets softened again. “Installations in the third quarter amounted to just 7.5

GW. Wholesalers, EPCs, and PV suppliers were forced to carefully control their inventory levels due to falling prices and low shipment levels and production cuts were the consequence,” commented Principal Analyst Stefan de Haan. In the third quarter of 2012, average module capacity utilization fell to 49 percent, cell capacity utilization to 56 percent, wafer capacity utilization to a record-low 55 percent, and polysilicon capacity utilization to 63 percent. In parallel, prices continued their slide in the third quarter of 2012 resulting in module industry revenues of only $6.0 billion—the lowest value since the second quarter of 2009. These difficult conditions were reflected in an increasing number of suppliers exiting the market. “In the fourth quarter of 2012 global PV markets rebounded sharply. Very strong demand from Asia, with the surge driven largely by China and Japan, helped to compensate for sluggish demand in Europe.

IHS estimates that global PV installations were 10.1 GW in the fourth quarter of 2012. In particular leading Chinese module suppliers benefited from the uptick in demand and shipped much more than previously expected,” explained de Haan. In total, 11.0 GW of global module shipments are estimated for the fourth quarter of 2012 - a new record for the industry. As anticipated by IHS, average market pricing for crystalline modules declined to $0.65 per watt at the end of 2012, down from $0.70 at the end of September. Importantly, however, the price decline lost momentum in the course of the fourth quarter. Towards the end of the year some module prices even increased. Record-level shipments paired with stabilizing prices drove a profound recovery of revenues. According to the IHS Solar Integrated Market Tracker, fourth quarter 2012 module revenues grew by a stunning 42 percent quarter-over-quarter, reaching $8.5 billion.

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& EQBusiness Financial 184 Companies Bids for Andhra Pradesh 1 GW Solar PV Power Project Tender 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

A Ravichandra Sekhara Reddy AARVEE Associated Architects Engineers & Consultants Pvt.Ltd. Abacus Holdings Private Limited Aditya Housing & Infrastructure Dev. Corp. Pvt.Ltd. Adroitent Ited Private Limited Ajmera Realty & Infra India Ltd. Akula Narayana AKV Logistics Pvt.Ltd. Alex Green Energy Pvt.Ltd. Alfa Infraprop Pvt.Ltd. Alliance Prosys India Ltd. Ameco Infrastructure Pvt.Ltd. Amoda Iron & Steel Ltd. Anantha Sai Stone Crushing Pvt.Ltd. Anjaneya Traders Pvt.Ltd. Annapurna Hydro Power Pvt.Ltd. Arhyama Solar Power Pvt.Ltd. Artha Construction Pvt.Ltd. Arunodaya Power Projects Pvt.Ltd. Astonfield Renewables Pvt.Ltd. Astonfield Solar Pvt.Ltd. Astonfiels Solar Rajasthan II Pvt.Ltd. Atha Energy and Infrastructure Pvt.Ltd. Aztom Energy Australia Pty Ltd. Azure Clean Energy Pvt.Ltd. Azure Green Tech Pvt.Ltd. Bappco Power Pvt.Ltd. BKP Mining Corporaion Ltd. BRC Infra Pvt.Ltd. Brilliant Bio Pharma Ltd. Capital Fortunes Pvt.Ltd. CH Veeraraghavulu Construction Pvt.Ltd. Cherish Solar Pvt.Ltd. Citand Technologies Pvt.Ltd. Coastal Corporation Ltd. Dartyens Power Pvt.Ltd. Dayton Energy Ltd. Derroit Solar Energy Pvt.Ltd. Devi Seafoods Ltd. Enerparc AG Essel Mining & Industries Ltd. Focal Energy Wind India Pvt.Ltd. G R T Silver Wares G.R. Thanga Maligai Jewellers Pvt.Ltd. Giridhari Explosives Pvt.Ltd. GKC Projects Ltd. Gowri Gopal Hospitals Pvt.Ltd. GPR Power Solutions Pvt.Ltd. Greenway Infratech India Pvt.Ltd. Guna Projects and Estates Pvt.Ltd. GVPR Engineers Ltd. HALO Energie Pvt.Ltd. Haskan Enterprises Hetero Drugs Ltd. Hetero Labs Ltd. Hetero Wind Power Ltd. Indwell Constructions Pvt.Ltd. Innovatiive Water Projects Jaya Bharat Equipments Pvt.Ltd. Jupiteragroproducts Pvt.Ltd. Jwalanth Infra Pvt.Ltd. K K Rao Engg Works Pvt.Ltd.

10Â EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

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K.V.Infra Pvt.Ltd. K.V. Green Energies Kakatiya Landscapes Pvt.Ltd. Kens Buiders KLSREEDHARREDDY Contractor KPC Projects Ltd. Kranthi Edifice Pvt.Ltd. KRK Power Pvt.Ltd. KSR Infracon Pvt.Ltd. Lanco Solar Energy Pvt.Ltd. M/S Coramandel Infrastructure Pvt.Ltd. M/S.Raghava Constructions Madhucon Sugar and Power Industries Ltd. Mahira Power Systems Pvt.Ltd. Malvi Software Solutions Pvt.Ltd. Mancherial Cement Company Pvt.Ltd. Mantena Constructions Pvt.Ltd. MIC Electronics Ltd. Milaiam & Co. Ms.P.M.R. Infrastructure Pvt.Ltd. MVPR Infrastructure Ltd. Natsoft Corporation Nature Light Solar Power Pvt.Ltd. NCL Alltek & Seccolor Ltd. Nekkanti Sea Foods Ltd. New Era Enviro Ventures Pvt.Ltd. Nithyasai Industries Ltd. NSL Renewable Power Pvt.Ltd. Nutan Nirman vt.Ltd. Oberon IT INC Omcon Infrastructure Pvt.Ltd. Omicron Biogenesis Ltd. Oripro Ltd. Orissa Power Consortium Ltd. Padmalaya Ispat and Mines Pvt.Ltd. Pandora R&D Labs Pvt.Ltd. Parvathi Projects Pvt.Ltd. PCS Premier Energy Pvt.Ltd. Pennar Industries Ltd. Perennial Solar Pvt.Ltd. Photon Energy Systems Ltd. Pinakine Power Projects Pvt.Ltd. PLR Projects Pvt.Ltd. Polsoni Energies Pvt.Ltd. Poulomi Estates Pvt.Ltd. Poulomi Infra Pvt.Ltd. Premier Solar Powertech Pvt.Ltd. Premier Solar Systems Pvt.Ltd. PRERITH Construction Pvt.Ltd. PVKENGINEERS R K Distilleries Pvt.Ltd. R.Narayana Reddy & Sons Construction Pvt.Ltd. Raaga Mayuri Builders Pvt.Ltd. Raheema Infratech Pvt.Ltd. Ramky Enviro Energies Ltd. Ramswaroop Reddy Gaddam RCM Infrastructure Ltd. Recon Technologies Pvt.Ltd. Reddy Contractors Refex Energy Ltd. RKS Techno Vision Engineering Pvt.Ltd. Roha Dychem Pvt.Ltd.

125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184

RR Durafabs Pvt.Ltd. RVK Enegry Pvt.Ltd. S R Constructions S S A Hatcheries Pvt.Ltd. S S J Power Projects and Infrastructure Pvt.Ltd. SAI Shakthi Infratech Pvt.Ltd. SAIMEG Infrastructure Pvt.Ltd. Sankarsh Reddy Gaddam Sar Capital Pvt.Ltd. SARK Projects Sarvotham Care Satec Envir Engineering India Pvt.Ltd. Shiva Ganga Aggregates Shivdeep Energy Pvt.Ltd. Shree Suryatejaswi Energies Projects Pvt.Ltd. Shri Matre Power and Infrastructure Ltd. Single Malt Spirits India Pvt.Ltd. Smart Agro Industries Corporation Pvt. Ltd. Sokeo Power Pvt.Ltd. Soma Surya Green Energies Sonali Energees Pvt.Ltd. Southwest Hydro Power Pvt.Ltd. Sparrow Energy Pvt.Ltd. Spin Cot Textiles Pvt.Ltd. Spinmet Engineers Pvt.Ltd. Sri Mahalakshmi Cold Storages Sri Ramcharan Power Projects Sri Sanjeev Bandaru Sri Suryanarayana Swamy Solar Power Pvt.Ltd. Srikara Shelters and Infratech Pvt.Ltd. Srinivasa Cystine Pvt.Ltd. SRVS Industries Starlite Global Enterprises India Ltd. Sujay Power Pvt.Ltd. Sulochana Agro & Infratech Pvt.Ltd. Sun Rays Enegry Ltd. Sunborne Energy Services India Pvt.Ltd. Sunvolt Energy Pvt.Ltd. Supraja Dairy Pvt.Ltd. Surabhi Solar Power Pvt.Ltd. Suraksha Power Projects Pvt.Ltd. Surana Venture Ltd. Surya Green Power Pvt.Ltd. Swiss Park Vanijya Pvt.Ltd. Symed Labs Ltd. Syntho Chirals Pvt.Ltd. Unique Asesthetics Pvt.Ltd. Ushas Venture Pvt.Ltd. UTL V M Coal Logix Pvt.Ltd. Vainavi Industries Pvt.Ltd. Vallabha Energies Pvt.Ltd. VARP Power Pvt.Ltd. Venkata Reddy Karri Vishnu Vidyut India Ltd. Vuddanda Solar Power Vyomaa Energy Pvt.Ltd. Waaree Energies Pvt.Ltd. Welspun Energy Orissa Pvt.Ltd. Yashoda Energy Pvt.Ltd.

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& EQBusiness Financial Solar PV Equipment Spending Declines 72% To $3.6 Billion In 2012, According To NpdSolarbuzz Solar photovoltaic (PV) equipment spending (covering c-Si ingot-to-module and thin-film) was $3.6 billion for 2012, a 72% decline from the peak of $12.9 billion in 2011, according to new research in the latest NPD Solarbuzz PV Equipment Quarterly report.According to Finlay Colville, Vice President at NPD Solarbuzz, “Spending for 2013 is forecast to decline even further to $2.2 billion, levels not seen in the industry since 2006. This marks an effective halt to capacity investment by PV manufacturers, as well as a lack of upgrades, whether in new technology or higher efficiency. Spending on high-efficiency process steps barely contributed to 2012 shipments, representing less than 5% of PV equipment spending.” Based on PV revenues recognized in the calendar year 2012, the leading equipment suppliers are forecast to be GT Advanced Technologies, Meyer Burger, Applied Materials, and Apollo Solar. These tool suppliers are expected to have PV-specific revenues in excess of $400 million. Only eight PV equipment suppliers are forecast to have PV-specific revenues during 2012 in excess of $100 million, compared to 23 in 2011.Just 24 months ago, GT Advanced Technologies, Meyer Burger, Applied Materials, and Centrotherm each reported PV backlogs at or above $1 billion. However, successive quarters with minimal new order intake, coupled with strong de-bookings, have reduced PV equipment backlogs to levels last experienced in 1H’06.“PV equipment suppliers now find themselves a victim of their own success,” added Colville. “Excessive investment in 2010 and 2011 was the catalyst of the over-capacity and over-supply situation that exists today. It was also a key factor in end-market price erosion that forced many of their customers to file for insolvency. The days of PV-specific backlogs and revenues at the billion-dollar level are unlikely to be repeated for at least three years.” With so much competitive c-Si capacity shipped during 2011 and 2012, the biggest fear for tool suppliers is the emergence of a secondary equipment market across China and Taiwan. Most importantly, this would delay any upturn in equipment spending. However, it also suggests that the PV industry is not conforming to a collective roadmap or experiencing a significant technology-buy cycle.“Today, there are actually two factors that may result in legacy capacity being recycled,” noted Colville. “First, the forced consolidation of tier 1 and tier 2 c-Si manufacturers in China would prevent any strong shakeout of excess capacity within China. Also, trade wars may result in surplus capacity simply being relocated outside China to avoid import tariffs, with overseas countries welcoming any resulting job creation.”During 2012, performing a market-share analysis for key tool suppliers to the PV industry was of limited value. This was because a large part of revenues was based on tools shipped at the end of 2011 or new shipments required by legacy contracts. Indeed, the focus of equipment suppliers has now shifted from gaining market share within the PV industry to deciding how to restructure manufacturing and streamline PV R&D. “Tool suppliers are finally acknowledging that high-efficiency upgrades are not going to offer any short-term salvation during 2013,” concluded Colville. “However, it remains imperative to equipment suppliers that efforts remain targeted at enhancing efficiency and understanding which technology roadmap will help them gain market share when spending finally returns.”

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& EQBusiness Financial SMA Voted Number One PV Inverter Brand in Survey of Global Customer Base A new survey conducted by IMS Research (now part of IHS Inc. (NYSE:IHS)) of more than 400 photovoltaic (PV) inverter purchasers has revealed that the most preferred PV inverter brand globally in 2012 was SMA Solar Technology. IMS Research’s recently released report PV Inverter Customer Survey – World - 2013 analyses the results of the survey and reveals the reasons behind PV inverter customers’ choice of supplier and product. In total, 74 brands were mentioned in survey responses, which was a significant increase from the number mentioned just one year ago. SMA Solar Technology received almost one-third of the votes and ranked as the number one preferred brand in Germany, Italy, U.K. and the U.S. Globally, the top four brands have not changed over the past year. However, there were several new entrants

to the top 10, including two U.S. suppliers - Advanced Energy and Enphase. The survey also highlighted the importance of warranty and aftersales service plans for customers, with more than 90 percent of respondents indicating that they are ‘important for most projects’ or ‘critical for all projects.’ According to the customers surveyed, the most important service offered from a manufacturer was extra fast response time in service cases, followed by remote system monitoring. “Considering the highly competitive nature of the PV market, attractive warranty and service offerings, and a good reputation for offering excellent after-sales support is becoming a highly important way in which PV inverter suppliers can strengthen their brand and gain market share,” commented Sam Wilkinson,

manager of IMS Research’s PV inverter and BoS research and analysis. PV inverter suppliers were also ranked by respondents as to which suppliers offer the most attractive warranty and service plans. Once again, SMA Solar Technology ranked first with more than 35 percent of the votes, followed by Fronius. New entrants in the top 10 included U.S. microinverter supplier, Enphase, and Kostal. In total, more than 400 purchasers of PV inverters including distributors, installers, integrators, EPCs and wholesalers were surveyed by IMS Research to understand more about their requirements when choosing an inverter and a supplier. The results have been published in IMS Research’s new report PV Inverter Customer Survey – World - 2012 which is available immediately.

Midamerican Solar Acquires World’s Largest Solar Development From Sunpower Recently, MidAmeric an S o l a r, a subsidiary of MidAmeric an Renewables, and SunPower Corp. announced MidAmeric an Solar’s acquisition from SunPower of the 579-megawatt Antelope Valley Solar Projects (AVSP), two co-located projects in Kern and Los Angeles Counties in Calif. Together, the two combined projects will form the largest permitted solar photovoltaic power development in the world and will create an estimated 650 jobs during construction. “We are pleased to be working with SunPower on this project. MidAmerican Renewables, a subsidiary of MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company, has a total portfolio of more than 1,830 megawatts of owned assets, including wind, geothermal, solar and hydro assets,” said Bill Fehrman , president of MidAmerican Renewables. “We are excited about these projects because they support our core business principle of environmental respect. We are very proud to add SunPower technology to our portfolio of projects.” The Antelope Valley Solar Projects will provide renewable energy to Southern California Edison (SCE) under two long-term power purchase contracts approved by the 12 EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

California Public Utilities Commission.”The Antelope Valley Solar Projects mark a historic milestone for the energy industry,” said Howard Wenger ,SunPower president, regions. “We are delivering highly reliable low-cost renewable energy at a very large scale. SunPower is proud to partner with MidAmerican Solar and SCE, recognized leaders in clean energy development, bringing critically needed jobs and economic opportunity to California and helping the state achieve its renewable portfolio requirement.” “SCE appreciates the opportunity to work with SunPower and MidAmerican Renewables to meet California’s renewable energy goals,” said Nicole NeemanBrady , SCE’s director of contracts, renewable and alternative power.SunPower developed the co-located Antelope Valley Solar Projects over the last four years. At the 3,230-acre site, SunPower will install the SunPower® Oasis® Power Plant product, fully integrated, modular solar technology that is engineered to rapidly deploy utility-scale solar projects while minimizing land use. The Oasis product uses high-efficiency SunPower solar panels mounted on SunPower® T0 Trackers, which position the panels to track the sun during the day, increasing energy capture by up to 25 percent. In addition, SunPower will be the engineering, procurement and construction contractor and will operate and maintain the facility via a multiyear services agreement. Construction of the solar project is scheduled to begin in first quarter 2013,

with the plants expected to be complete by year-end 2015. AVSP has secured final conditional use permits and has completed full environmental review pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act.According to estimates provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the project is expected to offset more than 775,000 tons of carbon dioxide emissions per year, which is equivalent to removing almost three million cars from California’s highways over 20 years of the plant’s operation.MidAmericanSolar’s projects also include the 550-megawatt Topaz Solar Farms in San Luis Obispo County, Calif., and a 49 percent ownership interest in the 290-megawatt Agua Caliente solar project in Yuma County, Ariz. “We are pleased to be working with SunPower on this development and look forward to establishing a mutually beneficial relationship with Southern California Edison as our customer for energy generated by this project. As we have done at our other solar project locations, we will work hard to establish positive and productive relationships with community and county neighbors and stakeholders,” said Paul Caudill , president, MidAmerican Solar. SunPower has more than 1,000 megawatts of solar power plants operating worldwide, including the first 130 megawatts of the 250-megawatt California Valley Solar Ranch, which is under construction in San Luis Obispo County, Calif.

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& EQBusiness Financial Green Infra And Juwi India Commission 15Mwp Solar Power Plant In Rajasthan Green Infra and its partner juwiIndia have commissioned 15 Mwp solar Plants in December 2012, in Vill Bap Tehsil Phalodi, Distt Jodhpur, Rajasthan thereby becoming the first in the country to commission Solar projectsacross 2 SPVs under JNNSM Phase I, Batch II.Green Infra India’s leading independent power producer in the renewable energy sector incubated by IDFC PErivate Equity and juwiIndia Renewable Energies Pvt.Ltd, a leading Indian turnkey EPC company, announced the commissioning of the plant at Phalodi in Rajasthan. Green Infra is executing a total of 25 Mwp in Phalodi across two plants. These plants

are part of contracts signed by Green Infra Solar Projects Limited (5 MW) and Green Infra Solar Farms Limited (20 MW) with juwiIndia, which in turn have long-term PPAs with NVVN Limited. The first plant under Green Infra Solar Projects has achieved full commissioning and the second under Green Infra Solar Farms has connected half of its rated capacity to the grid and commenced evacuation of power. The balance of the combined capacity is expected to be completed within a few weeks.In a joint statement, Mr.ShivNimbargi, Managing Director and

CEO, Green Infra and Mr. RajeshwaraBhat, Managing Director, juwiIndia said, “These plants bear testimony to Green Infra and juwi’s continuous commitment to create new benchmarks in delivering solar electricity to the Indian grid at a competitive price, by leveraging Green Infra’s project development strength and juwi’s strong engineering and execution capabilities. India has become one of the most promising solar markets in the world today. Green Infra and juwiIndia together look to play a key role in developing India’s solar market and in connecting larger plants to the grid in the coming years.”

China, India Emerge as Most Promising High-Growth Markets for Solar Global policy changes and the crystalline silicon module price crash have brought the solar industry to a pivotal point from which it must transform and thrive in a cost-conscious environment, targeting highgrowth markets such as China and India, says Lux Research.

manufacturers have shown. As the Chinese industry consolidates, opportunities exist for other global players.

Mnre:Cumulative Deployment Of Various Renewable Energy Systems/ Devices In The Country As On 31/12/2012

“While some historically strong demand markets will continue to pay dividends, the real winners going forward will need to make a few well-informed bets,” said Matt Feinstein, Lux Research Analyst and the lead author of the report titled, “Past is Prologue: Market Selection Strategy in a New Solar Policy Environment.” “Successful players will anchor business in key developed regions like the U.S., Europe, Japan, and China, and place informed bets in markets like South/Central America, the Middle East, and Africa, through new offices or partnerships,” he added. Lux Research analyzed the risk vs. reward, based on policy and market factors, for both distributed and utility-scale solar in countries around the world. Among their findings: Europe shines for distributed generation. Established markets remain fruitful for distributed generation despite downturns in demand and reduced feed-in tariffs. Markets such as Germany and Italy have demonstrated a strong preference for rooftop systems and have strong existing channels to market. Utility-scale generation soars in emerging markets. High-growth markets come with high risks as well, but emerging economies of India, China, South Africa, and Saudi Arabia are set to become solar powers. Competition is booming in the last three in particular, and each will exceed installation targets. Fortune favors the bold. In solar, firms that take calculated risks and expand quickly into foreign markets will boost success, as First Solar and many Chinese module 14 EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

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& EQBusiness Financial Emmvee Kick-Starts MW Scale Project Development In India Emmvee Photovoltaic Power Pvt Ltd kick-starts MW scale project development in the Indian market. Having developed and installed several MW projects in Germany, Emmvee is entering the field of large scale PV project development in India in addition to the roof-top PV installation market.Emmvee is currently developing a 20 MW solar park which will be partially owned by third parties and by Emmvee with 10 MW as Emmvee Green Power Park. Emmvee will supply its own high performance crystalline modules for the 20 MW which are manufactured in Bengaluru. Emmvee will be responsible for the engineering, procurement, construction and operation and maintenance of the entire solar park. The solar park will be built in Hindupur in the state of Andhra Pradesh approximately 100km north of Bengaluru.

Welspun Energy Limi ted Commissions 15 MW Solar PV Project In Rajasthan Welspun Energy Limited (WEL is amongst the first few developers to have commissioned, well ahead of time a 15 MW Solar PV Project in Rajasthan, the first of the 3 Projects totaling 50 MW, that WEL’s subsidiary had won under competitive bidding for Batch-2, Phase-1 of JNNSM.The projects are coming up in Phalodi Tehsil of Jodhpur District in Rajasthan. These three Solar Projects are expected to generate total electricity of 90 Mn kWh in a year.WEL has been able to bring the steel tonnage per MW to a record low level. Additionally, the structure has been uniquely designed so as to accommodate different solar technologies. This has given Welspun Energy an option to source modules from multiple vendors.We are looking forward to becoming change agents for widespread green energy adoption and contributing to India’s growth through clean energy.” said Vineet Mittal Co- Founder & MD Welspun Energy Ltd. Welspun has won these 3 Projects through competitive bidding conducted by NVVN, the nodal agency for JNNSM Phase-1. The first project of 15 MW which was awarded at a tariff of Rs. 8.14 per kWh. The remaining two Projects of 15 MW and 20 MW are also close to completion and the entire 50 MW capacity will commissioned in the coming weeks, much ahead of their contractual schedule of 26 Feb 2013.Welspun Energy has been very successful in development of Solar Power Projects by consistently being the lowest cost producer and to date has 75 MW already under operation with another 35 MW to be added in few weeks from now. Apart from these 50 MW Projects, the company has also won a 130 MW Solar PV Project in Madhya Pradesh, which will be the largest Solar Project to be developed by any Company in India.

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EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

& EQBusiness Financial Azure Power commissions the largest solar PV project under JNNSM before the scheduled date Azure Power, India’s leading independent solar power producer, has commissioned its 35MW plant in village Kathauti, Nagaur, Rajasthan with effect from 12th February 2013, weeks before the deadline. The plant is an expansion of Azure Power’s existing 5 MW Nagaur PV plant to 40MW, making it the largest solar power plant to be commissioned at a single location under the National Solar Mission. The project demonstrates Azure Power’s cost leadership and continuous push towards grid parity for solar power in line with the objectives of the National Solar Mission. Azure Power has outperformed the market and brought down cost of energy by 54.15% during the period 2009 till 2012. Azure Power is on its way to achieve grid parity for solar power. This project was awarded under Phase I Batch II allocation of the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission and now supplies power to Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam Ltd. Azure Power, in line with its record of timely completion of projects, has commissioned the project much before its scheduled date. The project was also the first project to tie up financing under the JNNSM Phase I Batch II.Talking about the project, Mr. Inderpreet Wadhwa, CEO,

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Azure Power said “Azure Power has continuously demonstrated its commitment to inclusive growth through clean energy generation for grid connected, rooftop and off-grid initiatives across India. We are inline with the government of India’s ambition of adding 20GW of solar power by 2022. Our vision of providing affordable solar power for generations drives us to carry out extensive research and development in order to bring down the cost of energy for the end consumer. With the commissioning of this plant, Azure Power now has one of the largest portfolio of operating solar projects and a strong pipeline.”

thin-film solar modules. James Brown, Executive Vice President of Global Business Development for First Solar, said - “India has ambitious solar power development goals, and we are very excited to contribute its growth and success. Azure Power is a strong partner and we are proud to deliver a product that is well engineered to deliver highly predictable results in the Indian market, where solar energy is becoming very competitive with the alternative liquid fuels and can be rapidly deployed to support India’s economic growth.”

The project has received non-recourse funding from US Exim Bank and speaking on the project’s successful commissioning, Fred P. Hochberg, Chairman and President of the Export-Import Bank of the United States, said - “We are delighted to have supported Azure Power’s purchases of high-quality U.S. technology for this landmark project. Ex-Im Bank is proud to finance cutting edge American-made solar equipment to help meet India’s clean energy demand under the charter of the National Solar Mission.”The plant is using thin film photovoltaic modules from the world’s largest manufacturer of

The plant spread over 303 acres of wasteland will have a positive impact on the social and economic development of the local community. It will ensure sustainable development of the economy through income generation and local employment generation for construction, installation, security and maintenance. The plant will be instrumental in offsetting about 66,000 metric tonnes of CO2 per year and hence would help contribute to climate change mitigation.

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Waaree Embarks On The New Year Bagging A 5 MW Project From Friends Group WAAREE Energies, one of India’s leading solar power developer & turnkey solution expert, has won a major contract of 5 MW Project from Gujarat based company “Friends Salt works and Allied Industries ” WAAREE will be setting up the Solar Photovoltaic power plant at Village Bid Pipalya, Susner, Madhya Pradesh. WAAREE’s scope of the work envisages design, manufacture, supply, installation, operation and maintenance of the solar power plant. Significantly, WAAREE is utilizing the all so popular WAAREE Polycrystalline Solar Panels for this power plant, known for their durability & longevity manufactured at their avant-garde 110 MW automated production facility at Surat(SEZ). A very pleased Mr. Hitesh Doshi, Chairman WAAREE Group said “This project has reinforced our growth momentum as we enter 2013 and strengthened WAAREE Energies ability to secure & execute megascale solar power projects that provide substantial tax benefits & end-user savings while considerably lowering carbon footprint. We feel extremely proud to provide such remarkable economic and environmental benefits to our stakeholders.”

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& EQBusiness Financial Ex-Im Bank Signs $500 Million Mou With Icici Bank Fred P. Hochberg, the chairman and president of the Export-Import Bank of the United States (Ex-Im Bank), traveled to India last week on a business-development mission. While in India, the Chairman signed a $500 million Memorandum Of Understanding (MOU) with ICICI Bank pledging cooperation on financing projects beneficial to both India and the United States. Up to $500 million in new transactions could be financed as a result of the initiative.

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ICICI Bank is Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s largest private sector Bank and this MOU will support the financing of U.S. goods and services by ICICI Bankâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s customers. Ex-Im and ICICI Bank see specific opportunities in air traffic control and infrastructure; railway; urban metro and port development projects; power generation, including renewable energy; oil and gas projects; and water treatment projects.In Mumbai, Hochberg also met with local officials and identified new business opportunities for U.S. exporters in the power, energy, and manufacturing sectors. He also met with several leading business organizations, including members from the U.S.-India Importers Council and the Confederation of Indian Industry. â&#x20AC;&#x153;India is an emerging market that provides enormous opportunities for U.S. companies,â&#x20AC;? said Ex-Im Bank Chairman Fred P. Hochberg . â&#x20AC;&#x153;This $500 million MOU represents a partnership between our two countries and will help ensure that American companies and workers help India meet its growing infrastructure needs, while creating jobs here at home.â&#x20AC;?Speaking on the occasion, ChandaKochhar , MD & CEO, ICICI Bank said, â&#x20AC;&#x153;ICICI Bank is pleased to be working with the U.S. Ex- Im Bank towards the growth of India-US trade. This MOU combines the strengths and expertise of both our institutions, helping U.S. Ex-Im to leverage ICICI Bankâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s strong corporate relationships and project finance capabilities, and ICICI Bank to offer diverse funding options to its clients.â&#x20AC;? Ex- Im Bank â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;s authorizations in India continue to increase dramatically, bringing the Bankâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s total exposure to India to $8.5 billion as of the end of the first quarter in FY 2013. India is currently the Bankâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s second largest market in terms of overall exposure. Last year, U.S. Ex- Im Bank financed 17 percent of all U.S. exports to India.India is one of nine key markets (others are Mexico, Brazil, Colombia, Turkey, South Africa, Nigeria, Indonesia and Vietnam) where Ex-Im Bank is focusing its business-development efforts because of the countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s infrastructure and development needs.

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& EQBusiness Financial Rajasthan 100MW Solar PV Projects Bidder List BID List S.No.

Bid.ID

Bidder

Opened By

Opened Date

Type

Status

Capacity (MW)

Tariff

20113

Rohan Jhawar-SidhidataSolar Urja Limited

Anil Kumar Patni

11-Jan-2013,06:07PM

online

Admitted

6.78

20415

L.K. Baid-Surana Telecom and Power Limited

Anil Kumar Patni

12-Jan-2013,04:09PM

online

Admitted

21831

Shiv Mohan Sharma-Energo Engineering Projects Limited

Anil Kumar Patni

11-Jan-2013,07:05PM

online

Admitted

7.36

21837

Hira Lal Agarwal-OCL Indian Limited

Anil Kumar Patni

11-Jan-2013,07:08PM

online

Admitted

8.15

21848

Ajay Lohia-Lok Chemicals Pvt. Ltd.

Anil Kumar Patni

11-Jan-2013,07:09PM

online

Admitted

7.5

21871

Avinash Mirajkar-Solairedirect Energy India Pvt.Ltd.

Anil Kumar Patni

11-Jan-2013,07:12PM

online

Admitted

7.69

21913

Mayadhar Mahakud-M/S Patnaik Minerals Pvt.Ltd.

Anil Kumar Patni

11-Jan-2013,07:16PM

online

Admitted

8.25

21920

M.R.Ghosh-Emami Cement Limited

Anil Kumar Patni

11-Jan-2013,07:19PM

online

Admitted

21925

Pratyush KumarSureka-Alex Green Energy Private Limited

Anil Kumar Patni

11-Jan-2013,07:20PM

online

Admitted

7.08

21963

Rajesh Peddu-Northwest Enegry Pvt.Ltd.

Anil Kumar Patni

11-Jan-2013,07:24PM

online

Admitted

8.19

21985

Sandeep Kashyap-Sar Capital Private Limited

Anil Kumar Patni

11-Jan-2013,07:28PM

online

Admitted

7.92

21997

Rahul Jain-Renew Solar Power Private Limited

Anil Kumar Patni

11-Jan-2013,07:30PM

online

Admitted

7.65

22007

Vikash Kumar-Omega Solar Projects private Limited

Anil Kumar Patni

11-Jan-2013,07:34PM

online

Admitted

7.98

22018

Essel Mining and Ind Ltd.-EMIL

Anil Kumar Patni

11-Jan-2013,07:39PM

online

Admitted

6.45

22061

Ashok Sharma-Refex Energy Rajasthan Pvt.Ltd.

Anil Kumar Patni

11-Jan-2013,07:44PM

online

Admitted

7.5

22096

Ramakant Tibrewala Roha Dyechem Pvt.Ltd.

Anil Kumar Patni

11-Jan-2013,07:46PM

online

Admitted

8.1

22121

Subir Kumar Saha-Crescent Power Limited

Anil Kumar Patni

11-Jan-2013,07:48PM

online

Admitted

22127

G.M.Gupta-Sky Energy Pvt.Ltd.

Anil Kumar Patni

11-Jan-2013,07:51PM

online

Admitted

7.05

22141

Parminder Singh- AzurPower India Pvt.Ltd.

Anil Kumar Patni

11-Jan-2013,07:53PM

online

Admitted

8.19

22182

Deepak Lal-The Indure Pvt.Ltd.

Anil Kumar Patni

11-Jan-2013,07:55PM

online

Admitted

7.5

22198

Kamal Garg-Arjun Green Power Pvt.Ltd.

Anil Kumar Patni

11-Jan-2013,07:56PM

online

Admitted

6.95

22199

Krishna Kumar maskara-Sungold Energy Pvt.Ltd.

Anil Kumar Patni

11-Jan-2013,07:57PM

online

Admitted

7.21

22200

Kapil Mantri-Jindal Power Limited

Anil Kumar Patni

11-Jan-2013,07:59PM

online

Admitted

7.6

22210

Krishna Kumar maskara-Star Solar Pvt.Ltd.

Anil Kumar Patni

11-Jan-2013,08:02PM

online

Admitted

7.5

22216

Ruchita Vasa- Waaree Energies Pvt.Ltd.

Anil Kumar Patni

11-Jan-2013,08:05PM

online

Admitted

18Â EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

www.EQMagLive.com

& EQBusiness Financial Greenbrilliance Commissions A Rooftop Solar Pv Power System In Vadodara, Gujarat GreenBrilliance, a leading manufacturer of globally certified photovoltaic solar modules based out ofVadodara, Gujarat, India announces the successful installation and commissioning of a Rooftop Solar PV system. The PV system is installed on a roof top of a commercial building in Vadodara, Gujarat. Vadodara is one of the fastest growing cities in Gujarat with many

businesses and residential communities roofs providing prime location for installing rooftop PV systems. The installed rooftop Solar PV system is designed using high performance poly-crystalline modules manufactured by GreenBrilliance at their world class ISO certified manufacturing facility in the heart of BIDC, Vadodara. The off-grid solar PV system is set up for captive consumption

and has a battery backup of approx 3 hours. The culmination of high performing GreenBrilliance modules and finesse in engineering the system for optimization, it has not only reduced the business owner’s dependency on conventional power but has drastically reduced their energy bill.

United States Challenges India’s Restrictions On U.S. Solar Exports United States Trade Representative Ron Kirk announced today that the United States has requested World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute settlement consultations with the Government of India concerning domestic content requirements in India’s national solar program. India’s program appears to discriminate against U.S. solar equipment by requiring solar energy producers to use Indian-manufactured solar cells and modules and by offering subsidies to those developers for using domestic equipment instead of imports. These forced localization requirements of India’s national solar program restrict India’s market to U.S. imports. Tackling these barriers is a top priority of the Obama Administration.

“The Obama Administration is committed to strengthening the American clean energy sector and preserving the millions of jobs it supports,” said Ambassador Kirk. “Trade enforcement is critical for ensuring that our clean energy goods and services can compete on an equal footing around the world. As today’s action demonstrates, we will not hesitate to enforce our rights under our trade agreements on behalf of American workers and manufacturers.” “Let me be clear: the United States strongly supports the rapid deployment of solar energy around the world, including with India. Unfortunately, India’s discriminatory policies in its national solar program detract from

that successful cooperation, raise the cost of clean energy, and undermine progress toward our shared objective.”Consultations are the first step in the WTO dispute settlement process, and parties are encouraged to agree to a solution at this stage. Under WTO rules, if the matter is not resolved through consultations within 60 days, the United States may request the establishment of a WTO dispute settlement panel.The Interagency Trade Enforcement Center (ITEC), created by this Administration to enhance U.S. trade enforcement capabilities, provided key support to USTR’s monitoring and enforcement unit in the development and initiation of this dispute.

DEHN protects.

Your safety is our concern Surge Protection Lightning Protection / Earthing Safety Equipment

For more information about the new DEHN subsidiary in India visit: www.dehn.in DEHN INDIA Pvt. Ltd. 346 UdyogVihar, Phase-II, Gurgaon - 122012, Haryana, India, Tel.: +91 124 4007680, Fax: +91 124 4007684, info@dehn.in

& EQBusiness Financial Kerala : 10,000 Roof Top Solar Power Project (List of Empanelled Agencies with Price Details) Solar Panel- 1000wp, Battery -7200 Whr (Tubular Flooded/VRLA ), Inverter-1 kW 10,000 Roof Top Solar Power Palnts programme is a unique and prestigious scheme takedn up by ANERT with the financial assistance from Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE),Govt. of India and Power Department ,Govt. of Kerala. The motto of this programme is to transform each and every home in the State of Kerala a Self Sustainable one with respect to the need of electric power .i.e. “our House a power House”.The Government proposes to light up 10,000 buildings in the first phase with Solar Systems.These tiny Systems put togther will be having a total capacity of 10 MW, and producing about 1Crore units of power every year .Since the Demand for energy is increasing day-by-day,this become an ideal solution to bridge the gap between the State’s demand and availability. The main attraction of this programme is that the power is consumed at the generation point itself .Hence no transmission loss occurs and would help in maintaining the stability of the existing power grid. The installation of the system will help not only to save 100-120 units of electricity every month,but will also ansure round-theclock uninterrupted power supply. This programme is first of its kind in The Country and Government feels proud that the whole of India is looking at us with great

Sl.

Empanelment Bidder Name No.

Rate(Rs) Rate after deducting subsidy (Rs.)

EA/2012/01

Millenium Synergy Pvt.Ltd

177541

85279

EA/2012/02

Power One Micro Systems

184800

92538

EA/2012/03

Gensol Consultants Pvt. Ltd

185000

92738

EA/2012/04

Adithya Solar Energy Systems

190000

97738

EA/2012/05

Solar integration India Pvt. Ltd

192000

99738

EA/2012/06

Su-Kam Power Systems Ltd

193760

101498

EA/2012/07

Tata Power Solar Systems

197500

105238

EA/2012/08

Surana Ventures Ltd

201500

109238

EA/2012/09

UM Green lighting Private Ltd

205000

112738

EA/2012/10

Ammini Solar Pvt. Ltd

205000

112738

EA/2012/11

Waree Energies Pvt. Ltd

205500

113238

EA/2012/12

Luminous Power Technologies Pvt. 205500 Ltd

113238

EA/2012/13

Eversun Energy Private ltd

207000

114738

EA/2012/14

Chemtrols Solar Private Ltd

219333

127071

No.

enthusiasm. (This list will be updated and published in ANERT website as and when new agencies are included) (The price offered by the “Agency “ is all inclusive of taxes and duties, and shall cover the pre-installation survey and report, transportation, handling charges, supply, installation and commissioning of a standard installation. If the structure requires additional customization for installation on a roof other than a flat roof,

or the cabling exceeds 10 meter each for the DC side (not considering the module interconnection cables) and AC side, up to the existing AC distribution board, the additional expenses would be chargeable extra from the beneficiary.) Total subsidy available is Rs.92262/-. (Beneficiary Share) = (Total cost) – (Rs.92262/-)

CERC extends Validity of REC’s to 730 Days CERC extends the validity of the Renewable Energy Certificates (REC’s) from the earlier 1 Year to 730 Days for the REC’s issued on and after Nov 01, 2011 to prevent them from lapsing in view of sluggish market demand. The success of the renewable energy capacity addition programme in general and REC mechanism in particular are largely dependent on enforcement of Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO). CERC does not have the jurisdiction to enforce the RPO on the obligated entities in the States. The responsibility of setting RPO targets and implementation thereof rests with the State Electricity Regulatory Commissions (SERCs). Therefore, SERCs would have to strictly monitor RPO compliance made by the

20 EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

obligated entities and enforce compliance as per their REC Regulations in order to make the REC programme successful. CERC only hopes and expects that the SERCs will ensure and monitor compliance of RPO targets by obligated entities in their respective States. CERC suggests that the Commission should introduce a national level body known as Market Maker or REC Price Guarantor to act as the buyer of last resort and seller of last resort. POSOCO has cautioned that as per the bidding pattern observed in the past, some of the RE generators do not offer their RECs for trade even if it results in lapsing of RECs. POSOCO has suggested for a balanced approach in the matter of

extension of the period of validity in order to provide certainty in REC market and to discourage speculation by some of the RE generators. The Jan-2013 REC Trading Session surprised the Solar REC generators after the 2 exchanges witnessed the Buy Bids of 42,245 Solar REC’s. The Total Solar REC inventory available was 3559. The non-solar REC’s continue to disappoint as more than 1.5 Million non-solar REC’s were left unsold in the January-2013 trading session.

www.EQMagLive.com

& EQBusiness Financial Tamil Nadu Solar PV Projects Bidder Lists S.No

Company Name

Price

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

VVD Sons & Pvt Ltd Pasupathi Enclave Pvt.Ltd Mahima Tech Pvt.Ltd Pramila Exporters Pvt.Ltd Enerco Eng Projects Ltd Finlay Energy Pvt.Ltd Emami Cements Pvt.Ltd Amber Solutions Pvt.Ltd Satech Engg Pvt.Ltd

1 8 1 1 1 2 3 3 1

6.99 10.55 9.55 9.75 8.90 6.93 8.00 8.40 8.50

Capacity *Price 6.99 84.4 9.55 9.75 8.9 13.86 24 25.2 8.5

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Raasi Green Earth Energy Ltd Crescent Power Ltd United Telecom Unique Micro Company Pvt.Ltd Rethink Energy Vasathi Housing Assetz Omicron Bio Genesis SEI Adisaya sakthi SEI Surya Laab SEI Sun cells Private Ltd SEI Jyothi Mangal R.Muthu Krishnan Voltech Voltech Vaibhav Jyothi utility service Sai Maithili power company Land marvel homes Swelect Swelect OEG Solar Energy Pvt Crescendo tech Pvt.Ltd RK Bio tech Pvt.Ltd Supreme High tech Energy Waaree Energy Indira Industries KGB Solar Olympia Infra tech Yaasin Impec ILFS TN Pvt.Ltd ILFS Renewable Energy Ltd A.Sivasankaran ILFS Ltd "Ad i t ya H o usi n g & I n f r a development Comapany Pvt.Ltd" Agni Estates & Foundation Pvt.Ltd Praveen Energy Pvt.Ltd Adiv India Pvt.Ltd Deccan Solar Park Deccan Solar Park SAR Capital Pvt.Ltd GR Thangamalligai & Jewellery GR Thangamalligai & Jewellery GR Thangamalligai & Jewellery V.Subramaniyan & Co Alax green Energy Pvt.Ltd

1 10 5 1 15 3 2 10 10 10 10 20 1 2 3 7 5 10 5 5 1 5 50 1 10 2 2 2 1 10 10 5 10 5

7.00 7.50 7.74 11.12 6.20 6.66 11.00 6.48 7.23 7.39 7.47 7.43 9.50 10.00 12.00 8.35 6.15 9.99 7.40 7.50 8.25 7.50 13.41 8.05 8.91 7.43 7.57 7.00 17.95 7.43 7.48 7.23 7.97 14.50

7 75 38.7 11.12 93 19.98 22 64.8 72.3 73.9 74.7 148.6 9.5 20 36 58.45 30.75 99.9 37 37.5 8.25 37.5 670.5 8.05 89.1 14.86 15.14 14 17.95 74.3 74.8 36.15 79.7 72.5

5 1 1 2 2 5 5 5 5 2 10

7.95 8.26 9.50 8.25 9.50 8.19 6.75 6.89 7.11 12.00 7.17

39.75 8.26 9.5 16.5 19 40.95 33.75 34.45 35.55 24 71.7

24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46

47 48

www.EQMagLive.com

S.No

Company Name

Price

49 50 51 52 53 54

Sri Saravana Engg.Bhavan Hanma Infra & Properties Pvt.Ltd Best Corporation Pvt.Ltd Hero fashion Pvt.Ltd SPI Power Ops pvt.Ltd Madunai Power Corporation Pvt.Ltd Madunai Power Corporation Pvt.Ltd RR Industries Ltd Mohan Beweries Green Lion Solar Pvt.Ltd Bhavana Navidas Sakthi Ferro Alloy India Pvt.ltd BEE Solar Energy Pvt.Ltd Brics Solar Pvt.Ltd Swiss Park Vanijya Pvt.Ltd Swiss Park Vanijya Pvt.Ltd Swiss Park Vanijya Pvt.Ltd Swiss Park Vanijya Pvt.Ltd Swiss Park Vanijya Pvt.Ltd Sree Sastha grinders Amptex Energy Pvt .ltd Amptex Energy Pvt .ltd TGH Ashok Kumar D Arumugan Ind Eco Ventures Bekae Properties Pvt.Ltd MS Green Energy Welspun Solar tech Mr.V.Varadha rajan Eagle Press Pvt .Ltd Eagle Press Pvt .Ltd Madras Security Printers Ltd Madras Security Printers Ltd Chennai Radha Engg Works Chennai Radha Engg Works Chennai Radha Engg Works Pasiphie Pvt.Ltd (Lanco) Muthappa Green Energy Muthappa Green Energy Muthappa Green Energy Muthappa Green Energy Ecogrid Energies Ecogrid Energies Ecogrid Energies Ecogrid Energies Ecogrid Energies Arunachala Impex Pvt.Ltd GPR Power Solution VTV Infra Pvt.Ltd Total Average price - Rs./kWh Median - Rs./kWh Maximum value - Rs./kWh Minimum value - Rs./kWh Weight Avg/MW - Rs./kWh

1 2 2 1 2 5 5 1 10 1 2 1 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 1 7 3 1 1 3 2 1 30 5 2 1 2 1 5 5 5 25 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 494

9.90 11.00 9.99 9.50 7.92 9.99 8.98 8.25 5.97 8.45 7.89 9.00 7.45 7.51 7.40 7.33 7.55 7.58 7.59 9.10 7.90 7.90 7.25 7.23 10.00 9.50 7.99 8.56 9.75 7.20 7.20 7.20 7.20 7.25 7.30 7.35 8.20 8.75 8.75 8.50 8.75 8.45 8.45 8.45 8.45 8.45 9.15 9.90 10.80

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74

75 76

78 79 80

Capacity *Price 9.9 22 19.98 9.5 15.84 49.95 44.91 8.25 59.7 8.45 15.78 9 22.35 37.55 37 36.65 37.75 37.9 37.95 9.1 55.3 23.7 7.25 7.23 30 19 7.99 256.8 48.75 14.4 7.2 14.4 7.2 36.25 36.5 36.75 205 17.5 8.75 8.5 8.75 8.45 8.45 8.45 8.45 8.45 18.3 9.9 21.6 4246.34

8.49 8.05 17.95 5.97 8.60

EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

21Â

QUA RT ER RESUL T S

Power-One To Focus On Key Markets Ch-India, Japan In 2013 Saumya Bansal Gupta - EQ International

Q4-2012 Ended on December 31, 2013 : KEY HIGHLIGHTS •

Quarterly revenue of $192 million

•

628 megawatts of inverters shipped in the quarter and 3.6 gigawatts, up 23% for the full year over 2011

•

Began commercially shipping new ULTRA product in Europe

•

Renewable Energy Solutions Sales at $123 Million contributing 64% of its overall quarter revenue

•

Company Incurred a Net Loss of $13 Million in this quarter

•

Expects worldwide PV Market grow @ 7% in 2013, mainly driven by growth in USA, Canada, India, China, Japan & Australia

Power-One recorded net sales of $192 million with Renewable Energy Solutions contributing $123 million and Power Solutions posting $68 million. “In the fourth quarter of 2012, PowerOne shipped 628 megawatts of inverters, lower than we initially expected and due to weakness in Germany and Italy,” said Richard Thompson, Chief Executive Officer of PowerOne. “Despite the difficult current market conditions, our new products continued to be well received in the marketplace as our TRIO family of string inverters posted record sales for the year and our liquid-cooled ULTRA series of central inverters began shipping commercially in Europe in the fourth quarter and is expected to ship in the U.S. in the first quarter.” 22

EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

Global PV Demand is Shifting PV Inverter Market Growth 2010 - 2013

Source: IHS (formerly IMS) and Company Estimates

“The worldwide PV market is expected to grow by approximately 7% in 2013, largely driven by growth in North America and Asia-Pacific,” Mr. Thompson continued. “We will benefit from this growth through our investment in these key markets and the introduction of industry-leading new product offerings.”

Renewable Energy Solutions

In the fourth quarter of 2012, Renewable Energy Solutions generated sales of $123 million and an operating loss of $8.5 million. The operating loss was primarily due to lower gross margins resulting from the revenue shortfall, new product ramp-up costs, lower pricing and inventory charges. In the quarter, Power-One shipped European Demand Will Decline in 2013 628 megawatts of inverters, bringing 2012e 2013e Range % Change the 2012 total to EMEA 16,800 MW 12,000 MW - 13,500 MW -24% 3.6 gigawatts, an Germany 7,700 MW 4,200 MW - 4,800 MW -42% increase of 23% over 2011. Italy 3,900 MW 1,800 MW - 2,200 MW -49% Rest of EMEA

5,400 MW

6,000 MW – 6,500 MW

+20%

As the Company enters • Increasing demand in other countries in EMEA will help offset declines a seasonally slow in Germany & Italy quarter and as • Power-One has an estimated 13% market share in the rest of EMEA demand in Germany • The Company will focus on market share gains across the region and Italy is expected Source: IHS (formerly IMS) and Company Estimates

www.EQMagLive.com

North American Growth Expected to be Strong 2012e

2013e Range % Change

Utility & Large Commercial 2,100 MW

3,100 MW

48%

Small & Medium Commercial

1,100 MW

1,600 MW

45%

Residential

660 MW

million from the third quarter, but were down from the fourth quarter of 2011 as demand was lower across a number of key end markets.

The company will expects EMEA Total 3,860 MW 5,450 MW 41% (Europe, Middle East, Africa) Demand to • The Utility and Commercial segments are expected to show the most decline by 24% in volume growth in 2013 2013. The earlier • ULTRA, TRIO and Micro all expected to drive 2013 RE growth key markets such as Source: IHS (formerly IMS) and Company Estimates Germany will decline to remain low, Power-One forecasts revenue by 42% in 2013, Italy of $175 million to $200 million in the first to decline by 49%, while the rest of EMEA quarter of 2013. It is expected that gross region is expected to increase its installation margins will improve sequentially from the by 20% from 2012. 750 MW

14%

Asia-Pacific Growth by Key Markets

2012e

2013e Range

% Change

Australia

770 MW

810 MW

China

4,500 MW

6,000 MW

33%

India

1,100 MW

2,000 MW

82%

Japan

2,400 MW

3,600 MW

50%

•

Power-One has grown market share in Australia to greater than 20%

•

China, Japan and India will be focus markets for 2013 and beyond

Source: IHS (formerly IMS) and Company Estimates

fourth quarter as a result of the cost reduction initiatives that have been undertaken.

Power Solutions

Major Growth in Installations are expected in the North America (USA,Canada) and Asia-Pacific (India, China, Japan, Australia). North American Markets is expected to grow @ 41% in 2013 driven mainly by the installations in Utility & Commercial Market Segments

Indian Market is expected to show phenomenal growth of 82% in 2013 and thus will be the key market along with China & Japan in 2013.

Power Solutions recorded sales of $68 million and an operating margin of 4% for the fourth quarter of 2012. Sales increased by $1

New Products to Drive Growth in North America – ULTRA & TRIO Description

• Modular liquid-cooled utility-grade inverter up to 1.55MW • Efficiency: Peak 98.7% / Euro 98.2% / CEC 98.0% • Outdoor design for harshest environments

• Three-phase, transformer-less inverter design, natural convection cooling • Efficiency: 98.3% • No electrolytic capacitors

Key Features

• Technology: Designed for utility market; lowering system level cost • Modularity • Superior grid interface

• Increased energy harvest and lower LCOE • Improved design flexibility, integrating combiner box with inverter • Commercial grade monitoring and control features

C o m p e t i t i v e • Wide input voltage Advantage • High efficiency • Output voltage to reduce BOS • NEMA 4X / IP 65 enclosure • High power density

• • • • •

Multiple MPPT Wide operating voltages High efficiency Convection cooling for higher reliability High power density

C o m p e t i t i v e • Wide input voltage Advantage • High efficiency • Output voltage to reduce BOS • NEMA 4X / IP 65 enclosure • High power density

• • • • •

Multiple MPPT Wide operating voltages High efficiency Convection cooling for higher reliability High power density

www.EQMagLive.com

EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

Complete Product Portfolio – UNO & Micro Description

• • • •

High frequency isolated inverter Efficiency: 96.3% Natural convection cooling - Die casting enclosure Field-selectable grid connectivity

• Increased energy harvesting through improved MPPT at panel level; Efficiency: 96.5% • No DC input current ripple

Key Features

• • • • •

High CEC Efficiency; wide input voltage range High reliability capacitors Integrated DC disconnect and wiring box Graphic display; user-friendly interface Easy to install

• • • • •

Field selectable, wide input range High reliability capacitors Tool-free AC trunk cable solution Panel level monitoring, user-friendly interface Easy to install

• • • •

Wide operating input voltages High power (250 / 300W) High efficiency High reliability

C o m p e t i t i v e • Wide operating input voltages – higher harvesting Advantage • High efficiency • NEMA 4X / IP 65 enclosure • Convection cooling for higher reliability

Power-One Strategy for Key Markets Core markets Italy

High growth, emerging markets

Germany

USA

India

China

Japan

Power-One Strategy

Continue to focus Gaining new cuson preserving and tomers and taking enhancing current share market share

Targeting major EPCs / distributors; local content; increased service footprint

Geo-specific products; direct sales team; high level assembly for PV and wind products

Local manufacturing; geo-specific products; direct sales team

Enter market with residential and utility grade products; local sales & service office; partnership with local companies

Market Position

Very Strong

High Growth

Strong Growth

Trends

FiT changes in Europe, high IRRs and reassessment of nuclear expansion adjusting the shipment levels to steady state conditions: Germany ~ 5.2GW, Italy ~2.0GW

Solar installations rapidly increasing; utility-scale represents highest growth

Near-term growth faster than anticipated for PV and wind markets

Review of High growth in PV installanuclear plans; tions; good pricing ($/W) utility focused market

12E’ – 16E’ Market CAGR¹

(10)%

25%

43%

16%

Strong

(4)%

24%

Power-One Strategy for Key Markets

Significant growth coming from emerging PV markets Source: IHS Research (formally IMS) September-2012, Historical and Projected World Market for Photovoltaics

EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

www.EQMagLive.com

EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

QUA RT ER RESUL T S

Sunpower : Well Accelarated Cost Reduction Roadmap For 2012 Saumya Bansal Gupta - EQ International

xecution in a Difficult Market :Key milestones achieved by the company since the third quarter of 2012 includes.. •

Sold 579 MW AVSP projects to MidAmerican

•

Beat Q412 panel cost per watt target

•

Strong financial performance – NonGAAP margins / EPS

•

Managed working capital, strengthened balance sheet

•

Installed more than 180 MW to date for 250-MW CVSR project – 130-MW grid connected

•

PPA executed with PG&E for 100 MW Henrietta Solar Project

•

Strong momentum in residential – US / Japan

•

Record volume to Japan – approximately 15 percent of shipments in the fourth quarter

•

Signed Chinese SunPower C7 Tracker concentrator joint venture agreement

•

Started construction of two projects in South Africa totaling 33-MW

•

Finalized agreement with U.S. Bancorp for $100 million in lease financing capacity.

“We exited 2012 with strong fourthquarter results as we benefitted from our diversified downstream channel strategy, solid execution on our cost roadmap and increased customer demand for our high efficiency, industry leading technology,” said Tom Werner, SunPower president and CEO. “North America remained our 26

EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

most significant market for the quarter as evidenced by our sale of the 579 megawatt (MW) Antelope Valley Solar Projects (AVSP) to MidAmerican Solar, a transaction that further reinforces our strong bankability. Additionally, the California Valley Solar Ranch (CVSR) project owned by NRG Energy is now more than 75 percent complete and we remain on plan to finish this project by the end of this year. In residential lease, our fourth-quarter performance was solid and we see significant long-term global growth opportunities in this segment due to our compelling value proposition, low total system costs and downstream footprint. With our recently announced $100 million residential leasing partnership with U.S. Bancorp, and additional financings currently in process, we are well positioned in the North American residential lease segment for 2013. In Asia, we expanded our presence in the Japanese rooftop market as a result of our significant partnerships and signed a joint venture in China to manufacture our SunPower C7 Tracker product for power plant projects. In Europe, industry conditions remain challenging but our cost reduction programs and ability to leverage our existing infrastructure to f u r t h e r ev o l ve our go-to-market strategy with innovative programs will enable us to return to profitability in this region in the second half of 2013.

“Operationally, we executed well on our accelerated cost reduction roadmap as we beat our blended cost per watt goal for the fourth quarter and fiscal year as overall manufacturing cost declined by more than 25 percent for 2012,” continued Werner. “It was also a year where we extended our technology leadership position with initial production of our 23.5 percent mean efficiency, third-generation Maxeon solar cell, as well as the industry’s first 21 percent efficient solar panel. Customers continue to choose SunPower due to our high efficiency technology, superior energy output and industry leading quality which drives a competitive total system cost across all of our end markets. “2012 was a difficult year for the industry and I’m very pleased with our competitive position. As we look into 2013, we enter the year with a solid foundation to win in the power plant and rooftop segments. Importantly, with the monetization of our AVSP projects, continued construction of our CVSR installation and further expected gains in our residential business, we now

www.EQMagLive.com

The company’s first quarter 2013 consolidated non-GAAP guidance is as follows: revenue of $475 million to $550 million, gross margin of 18 percent to 22 percent, earnings per diluted share of $0.05 to $0.20, capital expenditures of $30 million to $40 million and MW recognized in the range of 150 MW to 170 MW. On a GAAP basis, the company expects revenue of $450 million to $525 million, gross margin of 3 percent to 7 percent and loss per diluted share of $0.85 to $0.60.

nnn have significant revenue and margin visibility for our business for multiple years. This visibility, combined with our diversified end market approach, strong technology roadmap, cost reduction initiatives and solid balance sheet, gives us confidence that 2013 will be a much stronger year financially for SunPower,” concluded Werner. “Our fourth quarter results reflect the continued execution of our long-term strategic plan as we exceeded our margin targets for the quarter and significantly strengthened our overall financial position,” said Chuck Boynton, SunPower CFO. “In addition, we successfully managed our working capital during the fourth quarter as we further reduced inventory by $115 million while driving $40 million in free cash flow. For 2013, we will continue our focus on prudently managing our balance sheet, and firmly believe we can sustainably increase our earnings and free cash flow while building significant shareholder value in our residential leasing program.”

class action lawsuit and $1.6 million related to acquisition and integration costs. These adjustments and charges are excluded from the company’s non-GAAP results. Additionally, fourth-quarter GAAP results exclude an adjustment of approximately $106.1 million in revenue related to GAAP real estate accounting requirements.

First Quarter 2013 Financial Outlook

Fourth quarter fiscal 2012 GAAP results include pre-tax charges, expenses and adjustments totaling approximately $179.3 million, including a $82.3 million gross margin adjustment related to the timing of revenue recognition from utility power plant projects and construction activities, $39.6 million in restructuring charges related to various restructuring plans put in place to restructure the company’s global operations and improve overall operating efficiency, $19.2 million in stock-based compensation, non-cash interest expense and amortization of intangible expenses, $2.8 million related to charges on manufacturing step reduction program, $14.1 million related to a nonrecurring impairment of idle equipment, $19.7 million related to settlement in the

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EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

QUA RT ER RESUL T S

REC’s 4th Quarter 2012 : Excessive Global Production Capacity Continues The Downward Pressure On Prices Saumya Bansal Gupta - EQ International

enewable Energy Corporation ASA (REC) reported fourth quarter 2012 revenues from continuing operations of NOK 1,687 million and negative EBITDA of NOK 34 million. EBIT was negative NOK 2,178 after NOK 1.8 billion impairment on fixed assets related to the REC Silicon operations in the USA. Net debt remained unchanged at NOK 1.8 billion from the previous quarter. Solar demand improved somewhat in the fourth quarter 2012 compared to the weak third quarter. However, the slowdown observed in the largest solar markets in Europe were only partly offset by growth in other markets, like the US, China and Japan. Continued excessive global production capacity and inventory clearance led to significant downward pressure on selling prices, in particular for polysilicon. The low prices continue to put severe pressure on margins for all solar component suppliers and production capacities continue to be reduced.  REC’s fourth quarter revenues from continuing operations were up 12 percent from the previous quarter, while the negative NOK 34 million EBITDA was an improvement from negative NOK 184 million in the previous quarter. The main reasons for the improved EBITDA are increased sales volumes, cost reductions and NOK 80 million

EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

of net positive items in REC Silicon, partly offset by continued price declines. Compared to the previous quarter, REC’s average selling prices for polysilicon were down 14 percent, while solar panel prices were down 11 percent.  For the year 2012 revenues from continuing operations amounted to NOK 7,145 million, down 25 percent from 2011. EBITDA in 2012 amounted to NOK 360 million, down from NOK 2,043 million in 2011. The decrease is explained by sharp price declines for all products, only partly offset by cost reductions and increased

sales volumes. Price declines also led to increased inventory writedowns. EBIT before impairment charges was negative NOK 315 million in the fourth quarter, compared to negative NOK 466 million in the previous quarter. The weak market conditions led to impairment charges of NOK 1.8 billion on fixed assets in REC Silicon in the fourth quarter.  After impairments of about NOK 5.4 billion in 2012, EBIT from continuing operations for the year was negative NOK 6,426 million down from negative NOK 4,108 million in 2011. Loss after tax from

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continuing operations was NOK 1,455 million, compared to a loss of NOK 452 million in the previous quarter. For the year 2012, REC had a loss after tax from continuing operations of NOK 5,908 million, compared to a loss of NOK 4,295 million in 2011. Basic EPS from total operations was negative NOK 0.69 in the fourth quarter 2012 and negative NOK 3.23 for the year.  “REC continued to focus on operational improvements and capital discipline in the fourth quarter. Cut backs on the supply side across the industry have led to price stabilization recently, but demand visibility is low. The solar market is diversifying geographically and I am convinced that the improved competitiveness of solar will continue to create attractive opportunities for REC going forward. “, says Ole Enger CEO.

Rec Supplies 10 Mw For Two Solar Power Plant Installations In India REC announced that it was the exclusive supplier of high-performance solar panels for two five MW solar power plants in the region of Gujarat, India, known as the ‘solar energy hub’.“The historic blackout in India in late July 2012 identified the main problems of energy supply in India: a strong focus on fossil fuels and the centralized grid,” explained Luc Graré, Senior Vice President Solar Sales and Marketing, REC. “Renewable energy, especially solar electricity solutions, are needed to power India’s future because solar energy is available when needed – during peak hours.” The cost of a unit power from an off-grid solar system (Euro 0.14 - Euro 0.16 per kWh) in comparison with diesel generators (Euro 0.23 – Euro 0.25 per kwh) makes solar an increasingly attractive electricity solution. Additionally, the Indian government has outlined its strategy to install 10 GW by 2017 through mostly utility-scale projects. Using a bottom-up analysis, REC expects a strong growth in the region of 1.6 to 1.8 GW in the Indian market for 2013; about 30 percent thereof from market segments based on grid parity, such as “diesel replacement”. For the projects REC delivered 21,520 of its REC Peak Energy solar panels to the project developer Euro Solar Power Private Limited and an additional 20,480 solar panels to Aatash Power Pvt. Ltd.

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EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

QUA RT ER RESUL T S

MEMC Reports Fourth Quarter And Full Year 2012 Results

Solar Energy ended the 2012 fourth quarter with a pipeline of 2.6 GW Saumya Bansal Gupta - EQ International Fourth Quarter 2012 Highlights: l

GAAP revenue of $600.7 million and GAAP EPS of ($0.05)

Non-GAAP revenue of $704.3 million and non-GAAP EPS of $0.08

Semiconductor Materials operating leverage continued to improve

Solar Energy recognized non-GAAP revenue related to 91 MW of solar energy systems, interconnected 106 MW and ended the quarter with 73 MW under construction

Cash and cash equivalents of $572.6 million at quarter end

MEMC Electronic Materials, Inc. announced financial results for the 2012 fourth quarter and full year that reflected ongoing challenges and volatile market dynamics in both of its business segments. Relative to the prior quarter, Solar Energy segment revenue growth was largely driven by higher solar project sales, while Semiconductor Materials segment revenue fell due to an on-going industry downturn. Solar Energy segment 2012 fourth quarter GAAP revenue grew slightly sequentially, driven largely by increased megawatts of solar project sales recognized under GAAP and recognition of deferred revenue related to a previously sold solar project, but was down year-over-year due to a lower number of megawatts sold that could be recognized under GAAP. Non-GAAP Solar Energy segment revenue was slightly higher sequentially due to higher megawatts sold and decreased year-over-year due primarily to fewer solar megawatts sold. External sales from our upstream solar materials operations were lower sequentially and yearover-year. 30

EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

Fourth quarter 2012 GAAP EPS was ($0.05), and non-GAAP EPS was $0.08. “The past year was a challenging one, in which both of our end markets faced hurdles created by macroeconomic concerns and an intensely competitive environment. I am pleased with our fourth quarter and full year 2012 results, and commend our workforce for their commitment and exemplary performance given difficult conditions in both our business segments last year,” commented Ahmad Chatila, MEMC’s Chief Executive Officer. “In semiconductor, our cost reductions have increased our operating leverage, and in solar, we have built a platform for growth that can take advantage of declining solar materials pricing through a flexible sourcing strategy. In 2013, we will strengthen our leadership position by penetrating new markets in solar and further streamlining our semiconductor operations,” Chatila concluded. Key summary financial results for the 2012 fourth quarter are set out in the following table, which provides comparable results for the prior quarter and the yearago period as well as the quarter-to-quarter and year-over-year comparisons. See the financial statement tables at the end of this press release for a reconciliation of all GAAP to non-GAAP financial measures included herein.

Cash Flow Operating cash flow generated in the 2012 fourth quarter was $19.2 million and was primarily driven by Semiconductor Materials and solar project sales. Free cash flow was ($16.5) million and was largely influenced by the construction and

financing of solar energy projects and capital expenditures. See the reconciliation of free cash flow in the financial statement tables at the end of this press release. Capital expenditures were $38.1 million, and included $11.4 million related to the acquisition of a TCS plant as part of a contract settlement with Evonik. Similar to last quarter, the majority of 2012 fourth quarter capital expenditures were incurred in the Semiconductor Materials segment. Construction of solar energy systems of $153.7 million in the 2012 fourth quarter included solar energy systems currently classified as owned and carried as fixed assets. The majority of these projects are expected to become sale-leaseback transactions in which the assets are financed with non-recourse debt. Projects expected to result in direct sales are classified as solar energy systems held for development and sale, thus impacting operating cash flows as noted above. MEMC ended the 2012 fourth quarter with cash and cash equivalents of $572.6 million, a decrease of $37.2 million from the prior quarter. Cash declined in the quarter, largely due to project timing and cash payments relating to the previously announced settlement with Evonik. Unrestricted cash and unused corporate revolver capacity was $850.7 million at the end of the 2012 fourth quarter, as compared to $880.3 million at the end of the 2012 third quarter.

Segment Results Key segment financial results for the quarter are set out in the following table, which provides comparable results for the

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prior quarter and the year-ago period as well as the quarter-to-quarter and year-over-year comparisons. See the financial statement tables at the end of this press release for a reconciliation of all GAAP to non-GAAP financial measures included herein.

Solar Energy The year-over-year GAAP revenue decline was driven by lower solar project and solar wafer sales. Fourth quarter 2012 GAAP revenue and operating income included $54.4 million of previously deferred revenue related to the sale of the 70 MW Rovigo solar project in the 2010 fourth quarter, for which the same amount was recognized in nonGAAP revenue in that quarter. Sequentially higher GAAP revenue was the result of the recognition of the Rovigo deferral and higher solar project sales in the 2012 fourth quarter, partially offset by lower solar module and solar wafer sales. In the 2012 fourth quarter, SunEdison recognized GAAP revenue from solar projects totaling 52 MW, compared to 48 MW in the 2012 third quarter and 102 MW in the 2011 fourth quarter. The increase in year-over-year GAAP operating income resulted primarily from charges relating to the 2011 restructuring in the 2011 fourth quarter. Excluding these charges, year-over-year GAAP operating profit was still higher due to the previously mentioned deferred revenue recognition from the Rovigo sale in a prior period, a gain related to the acquisition of a TCS plant as part of a contract settlement with Evonik, and lower operating expenses, partially offset by lower solar wafer sales. The sequential increase in GAAP operating income was due to higher solar project sales, partially offset by lower solar module and solar wafer sales. Third quarter 2012 GAAP operating income included $58.3 million from a favorable restructuring adjustment relating to a contract settlement with Evonik and $37.1 million related to the termination of

a supply contract with Conergy. Non-GAAP revenue declined year-overyear due to lower project sales and lower solar wafer sales. Sequentially, non-GAAP revenue increased due to higher solar project sales, partially offset by lower solar wafer and solar module sales. Non-GAAP revenue was recognized from 91 MW of solar project sales in the 2012 fourth quarter, compared to 74 MW in the 2012 third quarter and 109 MW in the 2011 fourth quarter. Of the 91 MW that were recognized under segment nonGAAP revenue in the 2012 fourth quarter, 62 MW were direct sales and 29 MW were saleleaseback transactions. Included in the 2012 fourth quarter project revenue was the sale of a 14 MW solar project in Totana, Spain. Fourth quarter 2012 non-GAAP revenue included gross additions of $158.0 million and net adjustments of $103.6 million related to direct sale and sale-leaseback transactions ($54.4 million of the reduction is due to the release of the previously mentioned Rovigo solar project deferred revenue). The year-over-year increase in non-GAAP operating income resulted primarily from charges relating to the 2011 restructuring in the 2011 fourth quarter. Excluding these charges, non-GAAP operating income still increased due to a favorable restructuringrelated adjustment relating a contract settlement with Evonik and higher solar project profits. The sequential decline in nonGAAP operating income was driven primarily by revenue related to a contract settlement with Conergy of $37.1 million in the 2012 third quarter, a favorable restructuring adjustment of $58.3 million in the 2012 third quarter and solar materials operating losses in the 2012 fourth quarter. Solar Energy ended the 2012 fourth quarter with a pipeline of 2.6 GW, down 0.3 GW compared to the prior quarter and down 0.4 GW from the year ago period. The sequential decline was primarily due to the company’s decision to not renew

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certain expiring land options in Emerging Markets. Backlog at December 31, 2012 was 827 MW. A solar project is classified as “pipeline” where SunEdison has a signed or awarded PPA or other energy off-take agreement or has achieved each of the following three items: site control, an identified interconnection point with an estimate of the interconnection costs, and an executed energy off-take agreement or the determination that there is a reasonable likelihood that an energy off-take agreement will be signed. A solar project is classified as “backlog” if there is an associated executed PPA or other energy off-take agreement, such as a feed-in-tariff. There can be no assurance that all pipeline or backlog projects will convert to revenue because in the ordinary course of our development business some fall-out is typical and certain projects will not be built. Solar projects interconnected during the 2012 fourth quarter totaled 106 MW in 29 projects, and consisted of 76 MW of direct sale projects and 30 MW of saleleaseback projects. As of December 31, 2012, 73 MW of the pipeline was under construction. “Under construction” refers to projects within pipeline and backlog, in various stages of completion, which are not yet operational.

Outlook The company looks forward to providing its 2013 first quarter and full year outlook, as well as detailed commentary regarding its strategy and 2013 business plan, at its 2013 Capital Markets Day on March 13, 2013. A press release with further details regarding the Capital Markets Day will be issued separately.

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EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

SO L A R ENERGY

Change Of Energy From The Base Up Self-Supply Of Solar Energy Is Possible – With Photovoltaic Tracking Systems Artur Deger, DEGER, Germany

Future’s energy is generated where it is consumed. A vision which has already become reality for some private households and medium-sized companies. Small, decentralised solar energy production units, energy storage devices and a battery management system, can help you to a large extent to become independent from the public power grid and the constantly rising electricity prices. First systems for self-supply prove: It works. The solution could be a good opportunity for Indian communities and villages to solve their energy problems. It even works in difficult environments and allows the production of solar energy plus agricultural usage together on one ground.

hile the change of energy policy is being debated publicly, more and more consumers are taking their electricity supply into their own hands. They thereby follow two objectives: the produced solar energy is environmentally friendly, and it provides them with tangible financial benefits. With an investment of less than 25,000 Euro a single-family house with office and electric car can completely cover its own demand with self-produced solar energy – and freeze the electricity price at today’s level for about 25 years. The first systems are already running and their yield shows: it is paying off.

the targeted ideal of using the generated energy immediately. Both problems can be elegantly solved by using photovoltaic tracking systems. For both the efficient storage and the immediate consumption, a balanced load profile is necessary – in other words: a constant production of solar energy the whole day long. As an explanation: Fixed photovoltaic systems reach their production peak around

midday but produce relatively little energy before and after. This means: In the morning and in the evening, when a normal household really needs a lot of electricity, fixed systems usually do not provide enough energy. This is different with tracking systems such as the MLD tracking systems from DEGER (MLD stands for Maximum Light Detection): They usually provide enough solar energy for direct consumption even during these times of day.

The problem: Unbalanced load profile On the one hand, self-supply of private houses, apartments or whole companies with solar energy previously failed, due to the issue of storing the generated energy. On the other hand, the unbalanced load profile of fixed photovoltaic installations opposes

EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

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The second significant factor when using a self-supply system are the electricity storage devices. They supply the consumer with energy even when the photovoltaic modules are not generating enough electricity or no electricity at all.

Tracking conserves electricity storage devices For storage, too, tracking systems have one decisive advantage. The batteries used as energy buffers can be recharged much more sparingly with a constant input than with short, high voltage peaks, which are typical for fixed systems. The system thus requires less battery capacity – which significantly increases the life span of the electricity storage devices. A rule of thumb is: MLD tracking saves about 30 percent battery capacity. In addition, the effect already described applies: When the sun is in the sky – which, by the way,also applies for days with an overcast sky – tracking systems generally supply enough energy for direct consumption. So the batteries are not used during these times. Both have a positive effect on the profitability of the whole system.

Use excess energy sensibly The battery management system enables the user to control the self-supply system according to his individual wishes and requirements. First, the solar energy which is not directly used is routed into

the electricity storage devices. When the batteries are full, the excess energy can be fed into the power grid or used for another purpose – e.g. for the treatment of waste water or to power a heating system. This, too, is controlled by an excess manager in the control cabinet according to the demand or the user’s priority. Assuming that there is generally still a connection to the public power grid, the battery management system can be set in such a way that the batteries are only discharged by a maximum of 50 percent. Once this minimal value has been reached and there is no directly-produced solar energy available, the system automatically obtains electricity from the power grid. The battery buffer can be set higher or lower. 50 percent make sense, considering that during power cuts the system should provide the household or the company with electricity even when solar energy is not directly available.

systems mainly want to become independent from public power grids and the rising energy costs. A self-sufficient power supply can be a means of future security, especially for small and medium-sized companies, which do not benefit from the attractive major customer tariffs of the energy suppliers. They can soundly calculate their energy costs on the long term – and freeze them at today’s level permanently. That means: Their competitiveness grows with every price increase by the public energy suppliers. There is no doubt that the electricity prices will not stay at the current level. The Karlsruhe Institute of Technology estimated in a report of mid-May 2012, that the electricity prices in Germany will increase by 70 percent until the year 2025. A figure which, by the way, applies for major customers. For private households and smaller companies the price increase will surely be even higher.

Positive energy balance The way to a selfsufficient energy supply Someone who decides to use a selfsupply system usually does not want produced electricity to be fed into the power grid and profit from the feed in tariff. Even more so because the days of feed in tariffs are numbered – a trend which has already begun worldwide. In Germany they will drop below 10 Cents per kilowatt hour in the near future; today the production costs for solar energy using tracking systems are already at approximately 10 Cents per kilowatt hour.

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The direction is obvious: The users of such

In the meantime, the DEGER test system, which was installed in autumn 2011, and other systems, which have been installed since then, have produced reliable yield and consumption measurements. They show: 22 square metres of tracked solar module surface cover around 115 percent of the energy needed by a single-family house with office and two electric vehicles. In detail: In the first 5 months of the year 2012, the test system produced around 3,000 kilowatt hours of solar energy. The energy consumption of the connected household including office and electric vehicles was about 2,600 kWh during the same period. EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

The positive energy balance is seen in the relationship between electricity obtained from the power grid and the electricity fed into the grid: Between January and May around 610 kWh were taken from the power grid. In the same time period 930 kWh were fed into the grid. The test system features 18 solar modules type Sanyo 240 with a total output of 4.320 watt peak. Within the first complete calendar year it produced 7.525 kilowatt hours of solar energy – a sensational outcome, which significantly exceeds even the DEGER’s expectations. Certainly a part of this is due to the location: the system has free visibility from the eastern to the western horizon. And it is usually very seldom foggy in this region. Thus, the site not only delivers enough solar energy for its own consumption, it also supports the warm water treatment of the house to a considerable extent.

Notable detail: Both electric cars travelled a total of around 6,000 kilometres during the first measurement period. To achieve this, they consumed approximately 900 kWh electricity at a purchase price of about 200 Euro. When taking this used energy out of the calculation, it would not have been necessary to obtain any electricity during the whole measuring period. At the same time, though, 400 litres of petrol was saved by the cars which would have cost more than 600 Euro at the current prices. A functioning complete system for selfsupply, including installation, costs less than 25,000 Euro. On this basis users can freeze their electricity price at the current level for the next 25 years. This calculation includes all costs – from the installation itself and the costs of financing, as well as maintenance and service including costs for spare parts over a period of 25 years.

The MLD principle The MLD or Maximum Light Detection Principle is based on the accurate tracking movement of solar modules to the most energy-rich positions. This is due to the patented control module. It continually measures the intensity and angle of incident light beams and, based on these measured values, constantly realigns the system’s solar modules according to the current light conditions. This enables modules to generate energy from diffuse light which penetrates through clouds or reflects off water and snow surfaces. This process generates on average a surplus yield of 45 percent compared to fixed solar modules. DEGER´s MLD technology is present in India as well: The German company works for the Indian market since several years and has installed some of its trackers there. In 2012, Reliance Industries Ltd., one of the largest companies in India, has started to test some DEGERtrackers in Rajasthan in order to compare the yield of MLD tracking systems with the yield of fixed installations.

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EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

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I NT ERV I EW

One on One Stephen CAI CEO-China Sunergy (Nanjing) Co., Ltd. EQ : What is the current production capacity of your company SC : CSUN has 1GW module capacity and 600 MW for solar cell.

EQ : What is the unique advantage in being a vertically integrated manufacturer SC : Stable supply chain, furthermore, we could maximize the synergy effect in R&D and production in solar cell and module.

EQ :How much has been the sale to India and what does the future look like SC : We’ve sale more than 50MW to India clients since 2011, among the top suppliers in China. With high efficiency solar products and quality commitment, CSUN is expecting to double the sales in coming years for India solar market.

EQ : Please enlighten us on the thin film vs. c-si debate (explain with market share, performance etc…..in detail). Market share of thin film makers such as CDTE, CIGS, CIS, a-Si have been steadily increasing and their performance in hotter climates such as India is reportedly better than c-Si… please comment and clarify on this. SC : It’s clear that the c-si based products are still dominant in the global market, especially when the poly price kept dropping. From my points of view, it’s hard to say the thin film or c-si is better, as most of clients are choosing the panels based on quality and price only. In the long term, I believe the c-si would still be having more market shares, like in the rooftop and distributed-generation projects, and thin film will also make a great progress in the largescale power plants if its efficiency is higher and the land cost is cheap.

EQ : What changes have your experienced in selling PV in last 5 years SC : I think no changes. It’s changing every day. PV is so dynamic that we can’t think and act just based on any experience as it’s too young to find the game rules yet.

EQ : Which are the top 10 markets for your co and approx shipment to these markets SC : For 2013, it’s too early to list the Top 10 for us. However, Germany, Italy, France, UK, USA, China, Australia, Japan and India would be our solid sources.

EQ : What s the roadmap for production rampup for your co and further growth in terms of technology, output of your products SC : Under the current market conditions, we are very carefully to think about that. We are opening a factory in Turkey to produce oversea, and we will take a close look on the supply and demand balance for our further decisions.

EQ : 2011 had witnessed a huge surge in installations in Germany, Italy and Europe, despite of which German companies have gone bankrupt like solon, q.cellss.e., closing down of REC operations in Norway, selling of cell line by schott…..what are your views on this. SC : We are in a stage of globalization, markets are open and supply is massive, while the competition is so tight that it’s hard to earn profit. The company with low cost, high efficiency and good quality will make it, anyway.

EQ : Do you forsee a further drop in the prices of PV and to what extent

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SC : Eventually, the ASP is not stable, but I don’t think the pricing will drop that much just like 2012.

EQ : What is the annual expenditure on R&D and how much is it as a % of total sales SC : The R&D expenditure in 2011 is 19,149,000 USD, 3.4% of total sales.

EQ : Present and explain the recent trends in your sales, shipments, share prices etc… SC : It’s going well in 2013, the shipment and the ASP is running strong in present. I think 2013 will have a better year than 2012.

EQ : With European demand falling and given the fact of huge manufacturing base in china… chinese government has lot of pressure to accelerate deployment of PV within china and china is expected to install 8GW in 2012….whats your opinion on this statement. SC : In 2012, China might add around 4GW installation, and it will definitely be bigger in 2013. China will be a huge market as well, not only a big manufacturing base.

EQ : Japan has recently announces a very good FIT for PV….what is the expected size of the market in Japan. SC : Yes, Japan market is growing so fast, and CSUN is also shipping a lot of high efficiency modules for their rooftop projects. My forecast is 2GW for 2012 and 3GW for 2013.

EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

P O L I CY & REGUL A T I O N

BIHAR Issues RFS for 150 MW Solar PV Power Projects with Pisci-Culture Saumya Bansal Gupta - EQ International

ihar receives an average annual global solar radiation in the range of 4.83 kWh/sq.m. and has about 280 - 300 sunny days in a year. Efforts are ongoing to harness this potential with the State Govt. initiating the process for establishment of 50 MW capacity of the Solar PV projects within the State. Further, initiatives have been taken to implement the Decentralized Distributed Generation (DDG) scheme under Accelerated Rural Electrification Programme using solar/solar hybrid technologies in the un-electrified villages of Gopalganj and Kaimur districts. Govt. of Bihar has proposed to pioneer a movement towards adoption and promotion of establishment of Solar PV projects on the lands identified for the development of inland fresh water aquaculture including maun/ chaur/ ponds S. No. as a potential solution for the 1 inclusive development of rural areas. Providing sustainable livelihood to the usually poor, 2 backward and unorganized 3 fisher communities through the 4 development of Ponds/Mauns in different districts and integrating 5 it with the development of solar energy projects on such lands 6 will not only reduce the burden on the fertile land for such 7 projects, but shall also empower people at the grassroots level by 8 sharing of benefits of the project between the project developer & the fisher community. There 9 are inherent benefits from the coexistence of Solar PV projects 10 with aquaculture as the project provides required shading from high temperature and helps to improve the productivity of 36

fisheries and at the same time the required foot-print area for the solar power projects is made available to these projects. Energy Dept., Govt. of Bihar has decided to develop upto 150 MW of Solar Photovoltaic based projects which are to be set-up on the maun/chaur/pond where pisciculture is being undertaken. Bihar State Power (Holding) Company Limited (BSPHCL), a company engaged in planning, promoting and developing the power sector in the state of Bihar, has been designated by Energy Department, Govt. of Bihar for undertaking the bid process management for selection of the private developers. The selected Solar Power developers shall enter into a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) with North Bihar Power Distribution Event

Company Limited/South Bihar Power Distribution Company limited as intimated by BSPHCL. The term of PPA will be for a period of 25 years. The minimum and maximum size of project which can be considered for evaluation and from which the solar power may be procured are as follows: •

Minimum capacity of any individual Project - 2 MW (with a tolerance of +5%)

•

Maximum capacity of any individual Project - 10 MW (with a tolerance of +5%).

The total capacity of Solar PV Projects to be allocated to any Bidder including its Parent,

Date

Notice for Request for Proposal Zero Date (RfP) Response/Clarification on RfP

15 days from issue of RfP (zero date + 15 days)

Pre-bid Meeting

17 days from issue of RfP (zero date + 17 days)

Clarifications to be issued on RfP and 21 days from issue of RfP (zero date + 21 days) issue of revised RfP (if req.) Submission of Response to RfP with 45 days from issue of RfP (zero date + 45 days) documents Technical Evaluation of Bids received Within 7 days from receipt of response to RfP in response to RfP (zero date + 52 days) Approval of Bid Evaluation Committee Within 10 days from receipt of response to RfP for opening of Financial Part of RfP (zero date + 55 days) Opening of Financial Part of RfP

Within 15 days from receipt of response to RfP (zero date + 60 days)

Issue of letter of Intent

Within 15 days from opening of the price part of proposals (zero date + 75 days)

PPA Signing

Within 15 days from the date of issue of Letter of intent (LoI date + 90 days)

Financial closure of the project

Within 180 days from the date of signing of PPA (LoI date + 195 days)

Commissioning of Solar PV Plant

12 months from the date of signing of the PPA

EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

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Affiliate or Ultimate Parent-or any Group Company shall be limited to 30 MW.

Milestone

A Bidder,including its Parent, Affiliate or Ultimate Parent-or any Group Company may submit application for a maximum of three projects at different locations subject to a maximum aggregate capacity of 30 MW. In such cases, the Bidder shall submit one single application in the prescribed format detailing all projects at multiple locations for which the developer is submitting the application.

Engagement with the local Two Months fisher communities through the development of Ponds/ Mauns on the identified land and integration with the development of solar energy projects.

Confirmation of the arrangement between the project developer and the fisher community from the concerned local

No-Objection Certificate from Three Months State Pollution Control Board (If required)

Copy of the Approval Letter from SPCB

Placement of Order/Agreement Three Months signing for purchase of plant and machinery for the project

Order/Agreement Copy

Payment of requisite advance or Four Months opening of irrevocable letter of credit with suppliers/contractors

Receipt of payment from the Supplier/Contractor

Clear Possession of the required Five Months land for project development @ 2.5 Hectares/MW (minimum)

o Ownership or lease hold rights from State agency only (for at least 30 years) in the name of the Project Developer and possession of 100% of the area of land required for the allotted project. Land can be taken on lease from State agency only.

The Project Developers are compulsorily required to establish the Solar PV projects on the maun/ chaur/ ponds lands in the State of Bihar where pisci-culture is being practiced.Based on the ownership status of the identified land, the project developer shall be required to either acquire the private land or lease the Govt. land atleast for a period of 30 years from the private owners or concerned Govt. Department respectively. Further, the Successful Bidder shall be required to engage with the local fisher communities through the development of Ponds/ Mauns on the identified land and integrate it with the development of solar energy projects.

Time Period from Documentary Evidence to be the Signing of the produced to BREDA / NBPDCL PPA / SBPDCL

o Certificate by the concerned and competent revenue /registration authority for the acquisition / ownership / vesting of the land in the name of the Project Developer.

Role of Carbon Financing Project Developers are encouraged to identify the potential role of carbon finance in their investment analysis including:

o Certificate by the concerned and competent revenue / registration authority regarding the classification of the land as maun/ chaur/ ponds.

i) The expected revenues from emission reductions; and ii) The cost of power with and without carbon revenues

o Sworn affidavit from the Authorized person of the developer listing the details of the land and certifying total land required for the project under clear possession of the Project Developer.

The proceeds of carbon credit from approved CDM project shall be shared between generating company and concerned beneficiary (ies) in the manner as specified in Clause 21 (1) (a) (b) of BERC (Terms and Conditions for Tariff determination from Solar Energy Sources) Regulation, 2010 notified in Bihar Gazette on 04.08.2010 or as amended time to time by BERC. The Project Developer shall report tie-up of Financial Arrangements for the projects within 180 days from the date of signing Power Purchase Agreement (PPA). Further, the project developer should adhere to the following milestone schedule before the achievement of the Financial Closure for the Project.

o In case of Bidding Consortium, the possession of land or lease hold right of land from State / Central agencies is in the name of non lead member, the same will be accepted against application and would be required to be transferred to the Project Company before signing of PPA. Financial Closure

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Six Months

Copy of the Sanction Letter received from the Financial Institutes/ Banks

EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

37Â

SO L A R ENERGY

Keertika Singh Refu Solar Electronics Pvt. Ltd.

Nitin Bhosale Refu Solar Electronics Pvt. Ltd.

Factors To Be Considered For The Selection Of A Grid Connect PV Inverter

he Indian Solar market is on a continuous growth having strong fundamentals & future prospects due to Irradiation in abundance and a short and expensive supply of power. With the new policy drafts, the future looks promising. The question arises here:

•

Are we taking care of the design criteria to make a PV plant long lasting? Are we choosing the right product as per the requirement?

plant. The foremost factors to consider when

The design criteria of a grid connect PV plant may include a lot of considerations like budget, roof space, annual electric usage, government subsidy rules, other customer related criteria, but whatever is the final design, every accredited designer should be able to : • •

the selected inverter’s voltage specifications. As we speak, “The inverter is the heart & the brain of a PV plant”. Inverters often have 10 to 20 year warranty, but they are typically the most failure prone part of a PV selecting an inverter for a utility-scale solar plant can be broadly defined as: •

Technology

•

Performance

•

Financial

It is important to carefully consider each of these risks in order to minimize adverse financial impact to utility scale projects. The

Govern the energy yield and specific yield of the grid connected PV system.

selection of the inverter for the installation

Finalize the inverter size based on the

•

The energy output of the PV array.

•

The matching of the allowable inverter

size of the array. 38

Match the array configuration to

EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

will depend on:

string configurations with the size of the array in kW and the size There are many industrial resemblances among manufacturers, understanding both the points of commonality and the divergences are critical. The subsequent parameters will aid one to choose the right inverter as per their requirement for the project:  Topology – Depending upon the project requirement and the capacity, one can select the product based on IGBT or FET, String or Central, Transformerless or with transformer. The topology might be common but the implementation can differ significantly. These differences only determine the better products. REFUsol String Inverters are highly efficient Transformerless inverters with reduced losses. For a 1MW plant, multiple string inverters will be there on the field. The question here comes: Why Multiple Inverters?

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•

Multiple inverters allow a portion of the system to continue to operate even if one inverter fails. In short, redundancy is very high.

•

Multiple inverters allow the system to be modular, so that increasing the system involves adding a predetermined number of modules with one inverter.

•

Multiple invertersbalance the phases better in accordance with local utility grid.

•

Lastly, multiple inverters will act as multiple MPPT on the field which will maximize the output of the total array.

 AC Voltage – The selection of inverters on the basis of output voltage and phase (whether single or three phase) subjects to the stringent requirement as per the national grid, the availability of grid and overhead transmission line at site location.  DC Voltage – A Solar PV string with No load also, must, under no circumstance ever exceed an inverters maximum DC Voltage. When considering this factor, one must assume the lowest possible PV panel temperature while exposed to bright sunlight. The higher system voltage results in reduced losses. Currently, the market is offering 1000V dc, but in the coming years the products will be rated at a maximum withstand of 1500 Vdc.  MPPT efficiency–Maximum power point tracker (MPPT) efficiency is another consideration in evaluating inverter performance.Perhaps, one should keep in mind, that a 1% loss in MPPT efficiency has the same effect on harvest as an equivalent loss in conversion efficiency. The MPPT voltage range is where the inverter employs its software algorithm to adjust the DC input to that of the PV system. The voltage range should be wide enough for the inverter to operate on full load.REFUsol inverters have 99.9 % efficiency of MPPT with a wide range of MPP Voltage. The algorithm of the inverter should be very fast & precise so that it covers shadowing. REFUsol inverters have an Active Shadow Sweep function which covers shadowing and clouding as well.

goes into the inverter comes out as usable AC current. Inverter efficiency directly impacts the ability to maximize harvest, which is the ultimate goal. The first thing to consider is the operating condition under which a given efficiency number is achieved. Inverter’s efficiency can be increased by reducing the operating voltage window. A 96% efficient inverter will harvest the same or more than a 96.5% efficient inverter that has a smaller operating voltage window. Another way to increase the efficiency is to consider the way it operates its array. Alternate array segments are placed in series, instead of parallel, to increase the voltage rather than current, with which the inverters operating voltage will increase which results in the increase of the efficiency of the inverter. (Array imbalance losses should be taken into consideration). REFUsol 17K is certified to have the highest efficiency worldwide by Photon Lab.  Other factors to be considered : •

Cooling – Inverter should have a good cooling system, to operate at higher temperatures. Natural Convection is good for small inverters but as the power increases, forced air cooling will be preferred.

•

Finance – An inverter should be commercially viable. The pricing should be favorable for both customer & manufacturer.

•

User Friendly – It should be a user friendly device with no complexities. No special training should be acquired by the customer for the same. REFUsol inverters are a complete plug & play, user friendly and a menu driven system. Remote monitoring will be an added advantage to the customer. REFUlog will monitor all the parameters with the help of an inbuilt data logger.

•

Transportation : The inverter should be light weighted and compact in sizing, so that it’s easy to transfer to different places, adapting the required mode of transport.It will reduce the cost of transportation.

•

Ingress Protection: Before deciding on the protection, one should analyze whether the application is indoor or outdoor. IP65 inverters will be installed outside and will reduce the cost with a

 Inverter efficiency –The performance of the inverter is closely tied to technology risk. By efficiency, we are really saying, what percentage of the power that

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significant difference. REFUsol string inverters are IP 65 thereby reducing the cost of construction required by a central Inverter. •

Installation & Service Support : The unit must be easy to lift and install requiring least man-power and uptime should be very high. REFUsol replaces string inverters under warranty.

•

Reliability: One of the most important aspects of technology risk is related to inverter reliability and expected asset life. For the quality & reliability of the inverter, the product should have IEC certification, third party certification, VDE, BDEW, CE etc.

A long-term experience can be evidenced through the following: 1. History of producing the products in volume 2. Strong backgrounds with related products. Considering these factors may provide better results than Mean Time between Failure calculations for a year old product. Summarizing it, I would say, thoughtful consideration & calculations should be given to actual field data. In addition, a vendor’s ability to provide extended support, stand behind long term warranty, perform assessment including both technical & commercial expertise, will help in minimizing inverter related jeopardies and increase the probability of success for the years to come.

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SO L A R ENERGY

Tata Power Solar installs 17 MW Solar Power Plant In Mithapur Within Scheduled Time And Delivers Higher Performance Ratio Tata Power Solar Systems Ltd

he 17 MW solar power plant in Mithapur, Gujarat, is part of Gujarat’s solar power policy. The plant is located close to the Mithapur airstrip posing extra challenges for Tata Power Solar to come up with ingenious solution to address the situation. Their approach not only helped them overcome the obstacles but also set examples in the industry.

Key Statistics Project Background

TATA 40

•

Environmental constraints: Given Mithapur’s proximity to the sea, the air and soil has high salt content which is corrosive. Early testing showed high level of salty ground water at only 1-meter depth. The site is prone to high wind force. This ruled out conventional piles and Tata Power Solar required suitable solutions to overcome these obstacles.

•

Evacuation/interconnection issues: Testing and commissioning of such a large power plant posed its own challenges. The plant required an effective evacuation system to override fluctuating power frequency at the nearest substation, Varvala.

•

A project of such large scale requires huge manpower, both skilled and unskilled. Most of this workforce is required to be sourced locally for cost reasons and keeping social unrest at bay. The challenge is to adequately train them to carry out specialized tasks, at the same time maintaining high safety standards.

Challenges The project faced critical issues that required customized solutions, and ingenious planning and designing for successful completion. Some of the significant challenges were: •

Mithapur Solar Power Project is a 17 MW solar PV plant set up in Mithapur, Gujarat, to supply power to the surrounding villages through the national grid. Tata Power Solar’s domain expertise of more than 22 years in the solar industry helped them to win the Installation and Commissioning (I&C) of the plant, which they efficaciously did within scheduled timelines. The plant has been successfully operating since 1stJanuary 2012 and has delivered beyond expectations resulting in a performance ratio (PR) of more than 105%. The design of the plant has

Name of Power Station

several unique elements including a seasonal tilt system, epoxy coated foundations and an all anti-reflective coating (ARC) glass module design to improve yield as well as avoid interference in operations of the airport nearby.

•

Location next to an airstrip: The project site is located close to Mithapur airstrip. This required special clearance from the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA), as reflection of sunlight by conventional solar panels posed a significant risk to flights in the region. Site layout: The site is spread over 71 acres of irregular shaped land. This meant that laying out almost 74,000 modules optimally posed unique difficulties, and required smart land space utilization.

Jan

FEB

MARCH

APRIL

MAY

JUNE

JULY

AUG

SEP

NOV

DEC

Energy recorded in MWH

Energy Energy recorded recorded in MWH in MWH

Energy recorded in MWH

845.97

3937.72

4259.30

3693.54

4137.31

3488.22

2766.18

2611.70

3087.26

3662.22

EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

OCT

4023.19

3651.99

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Tata Power Solar Approach Tata Power Solar provides the unique panel design coated with ARC to check reflection of light from the panel glasses. This also convinced other China based module providers to do the same. Consequently, DGCA approved the project without a hitch.The irregular shaped land site was also judiciously planned into several non-standard rows to accommodate 73920 modules, while ensuring optimal DC loss optimization. Tata Power Solar achieved a land space utilization of less than 4.2 acres per MW. To tackle corrosive soiland rough terrain conditions at the site, engineersde-watered each of the 13,440 plant foundation pits of salty water, provided mechanized concrete foundations, and customized pillar heights. The structures were coated with a special epoxy and hot-dip galvanized coating to ensure longer life and protect from corrosion. The structures and foundations design can withstand winds at 180 kmph, comfortably exceeding the requirement for safe operation. Tata Power Solar implemented a block power evacuation concept to independently test and evacuate generated power from the plant in blocks of 4 MW each to the nearest substation at Varvala. The substation sufferspower fluctuation between 66kV to 72 kV that could affect the actual power output from the plant. The choice of apt inverters enabled appropriate setting of power factor without compensating real power generation, thereby evacuating without any loss of power. For construction work at the plant site, both skilled and unskilled labor force was employed locally and trained into the job by Tata Power Solar. This provided employment to the local people. Further, upkeep of excellent safety standards throughout 8-9 months of installation and commissioning period of the plant led to uninterrupted and safe work execution. This also helped to win trust of the local peoplein the project and reduced local unrest to minimum.

Project Benefits •

Successful execution of the project within the committed timeframe further reinforced Tata Power Solar’s position as a leader in the solar power industry.

•

Delivery of plant performance beyond expectations resulting in a performance ratio (PR) of more than 105%.

•

Constant monitoring and metering process by enables collection of key data for performance analysis, and further research and development.

•

Quality output and services has also helped to win the confidence of many other projects in the region, who have now preferably engaged Tata Power Solar to carry out monitoring and metering for them.

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SO L A R ENERGY

Rakesh Khanna, General Manager SMA India

Dhaval Hirve Productmanager at SMA India

Future-Proof Inverter Quality PV power plants in the megawatts and multi-megawatts are built with the future in mind. They are intended to take over the safe and reliable production of electricity for millions of people for decades to come. Plant installers, investors and plant operators are taking on great risks with the financing, construction and operation of PV power plants. All components of such a power plant must function properly and reliably over its entire lifespan, and consistent maximum yields must be achieved. This makes a PV power plant project a success for all parties involved.

nverters play the important role as central control system in every PV power plant. Only if inverters are functioning properly and reliably, PV power plants can ensure maximum power output. Even minor differences in quality in the fields of experience, technology, quality, service and grid management features affect the success and profitability of a PV power plant project.

on the global playing field of the comparatively young sector of photovoltaic technology − also for large inverters − and are introducing new products into the market. However, this field of business is not only characterised by new developments. Learning effects and risks also play a big part. Companies such as SMA Solar Technology AG from Germany can draw on

years of experience in the field of renewable energy, and especially photovoltaics. For more than 30 years the German company has been building PV inverters for all plant structures and sizes. Approximately 25 gigawatts have been installed with SMA inverters worldwide, with about nine gigawatts in PV projects up to the three digit megawatt range.

“Our partners and customers know that the profitability of each PV project will only become visible over the entire lifespan of the project,” says Rakesh Khanna, general manager SMA India. “Each and every project stakeholder wants to reap the best benefits from their PV project in order to ensure long-term stable cash flows and financial success. The inverters have a key role here. As the central component of every PV power plant, they sustainably influence and control yields and risks.”

Worldwide Experience More and more providers are appearing 42

EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

SMA climate chamber

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SMA Product Portfolio (optinal)

Maximum performance in Indian climate This distinct global experience is ever present in the development and production of all SMA products and system solutions and, as such, leads to their ongoing improvement. In the climate chamber, developed by SMA and

Testdetail (optional)

encompassing a DC voltage range of 1200 V in a test space volume of 48 square metres, each inverter is subjected to a climate stress test prior to serial production launch. “Inverters are subjected to different ambient conditions depending on their various regions of operation,” explains Dhaval Hirve,

product manager SMA India. “The inverters are tested for up to 1,000 hours in the climate chamber. The tests simulate extreme climatic conditions within a temperature range of –40 °C to +90 °C in conjunction with humidity of up to 95 %. They yield precise values on power output, efficiency levels and the electrical endurance of the components used in the inverters. This ensures that they will also function optimally during operation on-site.”

Specially developed equipment at the SMA Test Centre and the additional option of performing combined tests make an enormous range of various test scenarios possible. Due to this potential, the results and the application of these results in new and further product and system solution developments, SMA central inver ters are currently able to perform at 100 % capacity at temperatures of up to 50 °C. At up to 25 °C they even operate continuously at 10 % more efficiency. In regions with a high amount of solar irradiation, PV power plants are often burdened by sand or dust. This can pose a threat to the operation and longevity of the entire PV plant. SMA has tested the desert-proofness of the outdoor-compatible inverters of its Sunny Central CP series. With positive results – the OptiCool cooling system integrated in the Sunny Central CP prevents dust from settling in the interior of the inverter. Dust deposits were only found on the exterior

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of the device and on the seals. OptiCool is an intelligent and nearly maintenance free cooling system developed by SMA, which additionally saves costs in materials and personnel.

Secure Electricity Grid Connection The increasing supply of renewable energy types worldwide is often viewed by grid operators as a risk and a danger to grid stability. “Since last year, PV power plants in India also need to be able to guarantee the seamless integration of PV power into the local electricity grid,” explains Rakesh Khanna. “This means that it is imperative for inverters to be able to implement defined target values, regulate mains voltage and bypass voltage dips,” Khanna continues. “SMA inverters perform these functions without failure and are already today in a position to perform future relevant grid management functions such as the provision of reactive power during the night.” With field experience in over 40 countries SMA experts work with relevant grid connection committees worldwide.

Carefully Planned Service PV power plants are investments in the future. To ensure that top yields are reached with low risk even for the lifespan of over 20 years for PV projects, necessary associated services must also meet the highest of standards. SMA ensures a seamless life cycle for PV power plants with global spare parts management and the principle of preventative maintenance. Required spare parts can always be acquired on-site when needed thanks to optimally structured spare parts management. Maintenance visits can be planned in advance and carried out during noyield periods, for example, during the night. Preventative maintenance prevents the need for unplanned maintenance visits.

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SO L A R ENERGY

One on One Inderpreet Wadhwa

CEO-Azure Power EQ : What is the history of your group and what made your group foray into solar? IW : Inderpreet Wadhwa has done his undergrad in electronics engineering from GNDU, Punjab and MBA in Finance and Marketing from the Haas School of Business, UC Berkeley in the United States. Even while working for Fortune 500 companies in US, he always had a passion to contribute to India’s rural development and infrastructure needs through a sustainable venture. After a successful stint in Silicon Valley, he thought of starting a venture that would have a direct and positive social impact with respect to improving the livelihoods of rural India. During his travels to India in 2007, he researched the rural economy and considered information delivery and micro finance opportunities. However, during these travels, he realized that people in rural India are still in need of improvements in the basics of life such as food, water and power. Given his undergrad in electronics engineering, passion for solar power development (from back in California) and Indian government policy impetus around rural electrification, clean energy delivery to rural households through distributed solar power generation was the obvious choice. That is how Azure Power was incorporated in 2008.

EQ : Please tell us the policy under which your project is built and tariff got for your project IW : Azure Power has projects under various Solar Policies in the country starting from Generation based incentives to JNNSM Migration, JNNSM Phase I Batch I, JNNSM Phase I Batch II, Gujarat 44

EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

State Policy, Gujarat rooftop policy and has invested significant capital in its operating facilities in India. Azure Power is committed to delivering the lowest cost clean energy to Indian consumers and has been continuously pushing toward grid parity in line with the objectives of the National Solar Mission. Azure’s first project in Punjab is selling power at INR 17.91/kWh, subsequently INR 15/ kWh under Gujarat state policy, then INR 11.94/kWh under JNNSM Ph-I Batch-I allocations and INR 8.21/kWh under JNNSM Ph-I Batch-II allocations.

EQ : What were the challenges in securing the finance for your project and who are the bankers & investors behind it. IW : Availability of adequate long-term credit to the developers for financing solar projects is critical for the success of solar program in India. The lending community should be adequately equipped to understand the sector and play an active role in its support and promotion. Indian Infrastructure projects generally rely on balance sheet financing versus true non-recourse financing. Non-recourse financing requires strong onground project development and execution capabilities along with strong off take and payment security agreements. Lending foreign banks is possible given the Reserve Banks position on encouraging 100% Foreign Direct Investments and External Commercial Borrowings in Solar Power Generation entities. Project companies require solid understanding of the regulatory framework around ECB and mitigation of foreign currency risk in the current volatile currency markets. Azure Power’s investors are industry leaders within the clean technology sector in

India and USA. Azure Power has IFC (World Bank), Helion Ventures and Foundation Capital as its leading investors.

EQ : Briefly describe the challenges of working with available met data from NASA and others regarding irradiation, GHI etc… IW : Most of these are teething issues of a new industry and will be addressed over time. The government has taken steps to set up ground mounting stations to publish credible insolation data for solar to help solve the problems of the limited experience of project developers in this sector along with the lack of credible generation data. Onground solar installation data from similar solar plants, is also necessary for independent assessment. This is also being addressed by agencies like C-WET.

EQ : Who was your EPC Contractor and rationale behind selecting them. IW : We do our own EPC.

EQ : What’s your view on the Indian Policy Framework and one piece of advise you would like to give to the government and regulators IW : The Government of India has undertaken various initiatives by way of policy development and implementation in the field of solar power. The Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission of 20GW of solar power by 2022 is a major step of the government in looking for a sustainable, renewable and dependable source of power in the form of solar energy. The objective of

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the Solar Mission is to achieve grid parity by 2022 and parity with coal-based thermal power by 2030. Given the current market dynamics it is likely to occur a few years earlier.

enforcement of market driven mechanisms

Although the government has efficiently promoted supply side measures by way of incentivizing capacity additions in solar power, sufficient measures are yet to be taken to create a demand side ‘pull’ to complement the supply side ‘push’. Full implementation and

and attract greater capital in the sector.

(not subsidies) such as renewable purchase obligations (RPOs) and renewable energy certificates (RECs) are extremely important in order to promote solar power generation

EQ : What are the future plans in India and other countries?

portfolio of operating facilities in India with a strong pipeline of 200+ MW and hence continues to demonstrate its commitment to inclusive growth through clean energy generation for grid connected, rooftop and off-grid initiatives pan India. We plan to have 100MW generating by 2014 enough to power around 1600 villages and supply clean energy to as many households as possible in India.

IW : Azure Power has one of the largest

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Energy Unplugged EQ provides unique Insights & Transparency in Power Generation, Clean Energy, Low Carbon Technologies, Carbon Markets. Latest Industry Information, News, Research & Analysis, Technology & Products Information, Business & Financial News, Policy & Regulation is delivered to an interesting diverse readership base in Energy Corporations, Government, Policy Makers & Regulators, Consultancy & Advisory Firms, Associations, Banking & Financial World * PLATFORM : EQ offers a diverse & integrated platform with its Bi-Monthly Technical Magazine (Distributed in Print & Digital Formats), Special Supplements addressing Specific industry, Weekly E Newsletters, Diverse Digital Publishing with its appearance on Web, iPad, Kindle, iPhone, Blackberry, Android Platforms (COMING SOON) along with strong emphasis on Social Networking @ Facebook, Twitter to enhance your reach, visibility, branding and addressing the issues you feel are most important. * REACH : EQ Maintains a strong focus on the Indian Market from where it is published with 15,000 Copies distributed to Key Decision Makers. Approximately 2,500 copies are printed for Select International presence. Its unique and strong digital presence (Distributed to 100,000 Contacts) takes it beyond borders and get popularity in International Market. * PRESENCE : EQ is present in almost all Fair & Conference in India and the Most important International Events.

EQ INTERNATIONAL INDIA Tel. + 91 731 255 3881 Fax. +91 731 255 3882 anand.gupta@EQmag.net

SO L A R ENERGY

Mohammad Kamil - Application lead Freescale India Pvt Ltd.

Manish Sharma - Application Manager Freescale India Pvt Ltd.

Solar Photovoltaic Inverters Evolution for Maximum Energy Harvesting Solar cell characteristics: Solar PhotoVoltaic cells are semiconductor devices, with electrical characteristics similar to a diode. However, a SPV cell is a source of electricity, rather than an electrical load (a diode), and operates as a current source when light energy, such as sunlight, makes contact with it. A SPV cell will behaves differently depending on the size of the SPV panel or type of load connected to it and the illumination on the panel which is a function of the intensity of sunlight. This behavior is called the SPV cell characteristics. The most common solar technologies today are the monocrystalline and multicrystalline silicon modules. A SPV cell can be modeled as shown in Figure 1, and its electrical characteristics are shown in Figure 2. The Maximum Power Point (MPP) voltage range for these SPV modules is normally defined in the range 80% to 85% of open circuit voltage and 80% to 90% of short circuit current. Solar cell is a current source and not a voltage source. The characteristics of a SPV cell are described by the current and voltage levels when different 46Â

EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

Figure1

loads are connected. When the cell is exposed to sunlight and is not connected to any load, there is no current flowing and the voltage cross the SPV cell reaches its maximum. This is called an open circuit (Vopen) voltage.

When load is connected to the SPV cell, output current is maximum when the two terminals are directly connected with each other and the voltage is zero. The current in this case is called a short circuit (ISC)

Figure2

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current, as shown in Figure 2. The light intensity as well as temperature affects the SPV cell characteristics. Current is directly proportional to light intensity. Voltage also changes with fluctuating light levels, but the change in the voltage is minimal as compared to the changes caused by the variation in temperature of the SPV cell. An increase in cell temperature decreases the voltage and increases the current by a very small amount. It can be seen that changing (decreasing) the light intensity has a much greater effect than changing (increasing) the temperature. This is true for all commonly used SPV materials. The important result of these two effects is that the power of a SPV cell decreases when light intensity decreases and/or temperature increases. The SPV characteristics and the need to stored energy and its usage whenever it requires plays important role to defining system configuration. The below section will be discussing how system configuration has been evolved based on the requirement and usage to optimize the energy harvesting from SPV. Solar inverter evolution: SPV panel have been used for many application to generate electricity, from home appliance low power inverter to large inverter for industrial application as power generation center. Initially SPV is used for log cabin system, simple 12 volt DC from the SPV directly connects to battery. Battery connected to lamps and other 12 volt DC appliances. This system compromises battery life with unregulated charging. The wire resistance and low voltage DC limits power to few hundred watts. To increase the power level and utilization of SPV system to drive various loads an inverter is used to convert DC power from SPV to AC output voltage as shown in Figure3. Based on application and energy harvesting optimization solar inverter system has been evolved to optimized the overall SPV system efficiency and maximum energy harvesting from SPV. Let see in further section how the SPV has evolved from home off grid stand alone system to industrial gird connected.

120/240 VAC to operate standard lighting and appliances as shown in Figure4. A battery bank is used to stored solar energy at day time

surplus energy, buys power from the power company during the night. Off-Grid system uses battery backup to store energy and

Figure3

and provides AC output when it’s required. This system uses regulated charging method to improve the battery life. The higher DC voltages support moderate power levels. The country home system is off-grid system and hence not connected to AC power lines. Urban Home System – Power requirement in the urban houses is comparatively more, hence larger inverter system is used in urban

provides the AC output when it is required. Grid-Tied system doesn’t use battery, as surplus energy is fed back to Grid, hence eliminating the use of expensive and short lived batteries. Couple of issues exists with this type of system configuration, when a large centralized inverter is used to generate AC output from a SPV panel DC voltage.

Figure4

area. In urban home system, high power high voltage panels providing 200 - 400 volts are connected to an inverter to yield 120/240 VAC at medium power levels (2 -10KW). This system may/may not be connected to AC power lines (Grid), hence these system may be Grid-Tied/Off- Grid. In Grid-Tied system customer sells power to the power company during the day when it generate

•

The inverter has potential for single point of failure and two.

•

Non-optimal energy harvesting in partial shading or not matched solar panel connected in series.

Solar cell shading: If a single solar panel in a module is shaded due to trees, dirt, clouds, bird droppings, or is damaged,

Country home system: Power requirement in rural houses is low hence small inverter system is used. In this system, high voltage solar panel providing 24 – 96 volts are connected to an inverter to yield Figure5

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EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

its current output will not match that of the other panel, as SPV cell is current source and current sources have high impedance. The high current level of the un-shaded cells is forced thru the shaded cell. A very large voltage drop is developed across the shaded cell. The energy harvest for the string can be reduced up to 50%. The combination of large voltage drop and high current may damage the shaded cell (Hot Spots) also. Single Inverter systems – Highest voltage strings provide the bulk of power. Lower voltage strings due to shading or lower

Figure7

output is connected in parallel to grid. The use of multiple inverters provides enhanced energy harvesting and reliability of the system. This system avoids high voltage

solar energy harvest a) Moving from centralized inverters to distributed inverters optimizes the energy harvest. b) Incorporating converters into the solar panel modules reduces installation costs. c) Replacing hard-switching techniques with soft switching techniques to improves efficiency and reduces heat dissipation. d) Improves system reliability from 5 to 20 years by reducing converter temperatures and removing fans.

Figure6

temperatures contribute little power. Multiple Inverter systems – each string regardless of output voltage will contribute the maximum power it can because each inverter is optimizing the power output of its string. Tests indicate 20 – 34% additional energy harvest. Single Inverter with multiple DC-DC converters: For high power generation hundreds of solar panel connected in series and parallel to raise the output voltage and current. To optimize the energy harvesting small DC-DC converter is connected between each solar string and centralized main inverter, as shown in the figure7. The DCDC converter can be separate residing on each inverter module. This configuration improves the energy harvesting but has following issue: 1. This method is still susceptible to single point failure as one centralized inverter used AC voltage generation from high voltage DC.

DC distribution and provides better energy harvesting.

e) Microinverters tend to be lower powered (only a few hundred watts), which results into lower internal temperatures and

Figure8

Grid connected solar microinverter: In this system configuration each solar module incorporated its own inverter as show in figure9. The incorporation of inverter to each solar panel greatly reduces installation labor costs, improves safety, and maximizes the

improve reliability. f)

Standardized designs (hardware and software) improve reliability and reduce costs – from cottage industry to mass production.

2. It involves distribution of high voltage DC bus. It increases the system losses and its dangerous as fusing of high voltage DC is difficult to achieve. Multiple String inverters: Solar panel connected in parallel connected to multiple medium to large inverters (2-10kW) to produce required AC voltage. Each inverter 48

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Figure9

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g) Eliminates electrolytic capacitors (due to high failure rate) – designs require higher voltages to reduce current, which allows use of lower capacitance nonelectrolytic capacitors. h) Converters that are tied to the grid eliminate the need for batteries in many applications. Batteries are very expensive, require maintenance, and are short-lived. i)

Microinverter solar systems require many inverters to handle a specific power level – driving up production quantities, which reduces cost Solar Microinverter Requirements:

a) Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm is required to optimize the power harvest from solar panels b) System efficiency > 94% (as high as possible) c) Wide DC input voltage range d) Cost < $0.50 per watt (production quantity) e) Safety: Fault detection and antiislanding f)

AC quality, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) <5%: meets IEEE 519 standard

Conclusion: To increase the power level and SPV system usage, Inverter is used in between SPV and load. Three major types of solar inverters are currently used: stand alone inverters, grid-tied inverters and battery backup inverters. Grid-tied solar microinverter system design provides best optimization in energy harvesting, reduces installation labor costs, and improves safety. Microinverter provides~35% more energy harvesting than central inverter system.

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SO L A R ENERGY

GERMIâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Innovative research in Solar PV installations in Gandhinagar, Gujarat T.Harinarayana, Director, GERMI, Gandhinagar, Gujarat

mong the various renewable sources, solar photovoltaic (PV) is growing at a much faster rate. There are many countries planning to initiate PV installations with different targets. China is planning to generate 40 GW of electricity by 2015 using solar PV. In 2009, the cumuative PV power installed in the world is close to 22 GW. This is nearly 70 % increase compared to the previous year 2008. Among all the countries, European Union (EU) is dominant and contribute close to 7.2 GW during the year 2009. Among this, 5.6 GW of electricity is coming from Germany alone. From the above trend, it is clear that electricity generation from solar PV will be increasing many folds in the coming years. In India, 20GW is kept as target by Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) for grid connected solar power for the year 2022 and it is 200 GW by 2050. These are all large and ambitious targets. To reach these targets, one requires several innovative ideas with new concepts. Gujarat Energy Research and Management Institute (GERMI) has been working in solar PV installations in several locations and also published the reserach results with new ideas. In recent years, GERMI Scientists have proposed a novel method to enhance electricity generation using limited land area [1]. The new idea is to use two arrays of 50Â

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panels with one above the other. In general, more power generation requires more number of PV modules and additional land to place them. In a previous report [1], GERMI scientists suggested that instead of using a single layer of PV panel, stacking two layers of PV panels one above the other, separated by a small distance, say 5 m, generate about 60 % more energy. It is shown here with another innovative concept that stacking up of PV panels with mirrors near the bottom panel, as shown in the figure-1, produces more power compared to the panels without

mirror. This requires a new configuration of the panels. The bottom array of panels are connected to mirrors on all the four sides with one plain mirror below the top array of panels as shown in the figure 1. Herein, we have studied the effects of additional mirrors fixed at four sides of bottom panels with a total refletion coefficient value assumed as 0.9. In figure 2 the energy generation for the panels shown in figure 1 are presented. The curve A presents the solar power generation for a botoom layer panels

Figure 1: Two-layer solar panels with mirror arrangements in the bottom-layer panels.

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gallium fractional composition in InGaN, the band gap of this semiconductor can be adjusted to span 90 % of the solar spectrum in comparison to a fixed band gap solar cell, thus efficiently converting photons of different energy into electricity. The current world record efficiency for solar cells is 43.5 %, which is achieved by researchers at Japan. InGaN is already being used commercially for bright light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and now researchers worldwide are exploring into InGaN for solar cell applications.

Figure 2: Effective energy generation from two and single-layer solar panels with and without mirror arrangements.

alone in a system of two layer panels exist. The curve B presents the power generation for the bottom layer panels alone in a system of two layer panesl with mirros. The curve C shows the top layer solar panels alone in a system of two layer panels. The curve D is the addition of solar power from a system of two layer solar panels without mirros. Finally, the curve E is the addition of solar power from a system of two layer solar panels with mirror arrangements as shown in figure 1. It is clear that two-layer solar panels with mirrors have shown about 25 % increase in generation as compared to two-layer solar panels without mirrors. This study has clearly brought out that this innovative concept can be extended to n number of solar panels stacking with mirror arrangements in proper orientations to enhance the energy generation. In short, the outcome of the above work can be summarised as follows. Developing a commercial solar power station using PV modules requires a lot of land area. As the cost of the land has gone up five to ten times in the last 10 years in India demands innovative concepts to optimise the land use. The rationale behind this study is to save the land cost and get maximum output from the solar power plant in a limited area. According to the GERMI scientists, the concept of stacked PV panels can open up new avenues towards large scale generation even for the small scale solar power plant. The two-layer PV system with mirror arrangements can be implemented in all the roof top installations

and also in small power plants around the world.

On the other hand, SJSC is the simplest of all the existing solar cells, which consists of metal-semiconductor junction exposed to the incident sunlight. In the present work, four different metals namely, gold, palladium, nickel and platinum were used to make Schottky contacts with n-InGaN semiconductor. The open-circuit voltages have been calculated using the analytical model. This analytical model is developed by the same scientists and already published [3]. Among four different systems, Pt/ n-InGaN/ Al system resulted in the highest open-circuit voltage, due to the catalytic property of platinum, which helps in reducing the surface recombination at the Schottky interface. The schematic of the system used for simulation is given in figure 3. Now-a-days, model-based studies are important to explore the details of the devices before carrying out the practical experiments.

In another research study [2], GERMI scientists have shown increase in efficiency of solar panels with new materials. In this research work, GERMI scientists in collaboration with researchers from Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University (PDPU), Gandhinagar and CSIR-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CEERI, a laboratory of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Govt. of India), Pilani have demonstrated a model-based calculation of the effect of indium composition on the open-circuit voltages of indium-gallium nitride (InGaN) Schottky junction solar cell (SJSC) under monochromatic light illumination. InGaN is a very novel semiconductor material system, which has the potential to achieve solar cell efficiencies of over 50 % in comparison to the present efficiency of 7.12 %. By changing the indium and Figure 3: InGaN solar cell device structure used for the

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simulation.

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Mitigation of Risks and Uncertainties Associated With Large Scale Solar PV Plants

he recent development in the solar photovoltaic (PV) industry in India together with the high irradiation conditions available, have provided a new growth opportunity for utility scale size solar PV projects in the country. The budget of MW size projects requires debt financing either by way of balance sheet/corporate guarantee or by project financing. It is therefore, important to analyze the risk and uncertainties involved with the project before assessing how much collateral is required or trying to ascertain whether project financing is possible. This requires a thorough study of the individual factors and associated risks and via provision of mitigations to any identified risks in order to quantify and reduce, if possible, the project uncertainties. Some of the key aspects to consider are described herein.

Solar Resource Assessment and Energy Yield Estimates Solar energy production is generally estimated using simulation modelling tools and solar irradiation data. The selection of proper irradiation data is very critical as there is usually significant variation in the data derived from all sources and therefore, there is always an uncertainty level associated with any projectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s energy yield assessment. One of the best ways to reduce this uncertainty and better ensure the future 52Â

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Daniel Barandalla - Solar PV Expert Engineer GL Garrad Hassan

success of any Solar PV project is having an accurate solar resource assessment for the project considered. This becomes especially crucial where there is insufficient solar measurements available at ground level or poor maintained stations. In these cases, it is very important to undertake an up-front analysis in order to select the best representative irradiation source for the project, with known uncertainties, in order to quantify the level of confidence in the data used to estimate the production of the solar PV plant.

set and to generate long-term correlated data.

Our suggested approach for India is based in the state of the art in the photovoltaic industry:

e) Quality of the data and historic maintenance of the measurement station.

a) Secure ground measured irradiation data for a minimum period of six months and ideally one year (one year irradiation data is desired in order to account seasonal variability in solar irradiation).

b) Collect good quality proven satellite derived data from the relevant and appropriate source with a sufficient historic period (ideally more than 10 years)

a) Period of data available.

c) Correlate concurrent periods based on ground versus satellite derived data to remove the inherent bias associated to satellite derived data. Gathering and analyzing good ground measured data for analysis and correlation with satellite data for the same period helps both to avoid bias towards any specific data

Some of the critical factors to be considered in case of ground measurements are: a) Representativeness of the measurement station at site. b) Distance between site and measurement station (if a close by station is to be considered). c) Elevation difference between site and the measurement station. d) Period of recorded data.

Instrumentation calibration records.

g) Maintenance program and data recovery. The main issues to be considered when using satellite derived data are:

b) Whether the irradiation data is presented as hourly or monthly averaged GHI data. c) Algorithm used in converting satellite images to irradiation figures. d) Cloud index and aerosols used. e) Geographical terrain conditions of the site. On site measurements recorded with a pyranometer are the best solution in order to measure solar irradiance. It is important to ensure that the equipment is classified

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under ISO 9060 standard ensuring the lowest uncertainty. Higher accuracy tends to come at a higher cost but the benefit is that they reduce uncertainty levels, helping to achieve better financing conditions for the project. The cost of a measurement station utilizing the most accurate pyranometer in a utility scale project (10 MW) represents only a 0.02% of the total project cost.

Technology Selection and PV Plant Design Proper selection of main equipment in a solar PV plant (PV modules, inverters and solar trackers when required) is important to ensure the reliability and availability of the plant in the entire lifetime of the project. Generally, track record in the industry together with feedback from operational projects using that technology in similar climatic conditions should be looked at. In the case of PV modules, track record plays an important role as the PV module industry has experienced an extraordinary growth with an increased number of new players in the industry yearly. Bankability Reports con provide confidence to developers, investors and lenders. By analyzing the overall production process of the PV module manufacturer, it is possible to know the strengths and weak points of each manufacturer, and the required set of mitigations can be proposed in order to avoid any issue with the technology considered. It is important to ensure that the manufacturer is compliant with all the certifications in the industry concerning the reliability and durability of PV modules as well as those related to security. In addition, having independent tests and measurements for sample number of modules performed by an independent third party laboratory is also important as the certifications require only the testing of eight PV modules per year which can be the production of half an hour for many manufacturers. Regarding the climatic conditions of India, it is recommended that the manufacturer provides evidence of their PV modules withstand certain conditions such as farming areas (ammonia resistance test), marine environments (salt mist test) or other recent issues arising in the industry such as Potential Induced Degradation of PV modules (PID). In that sense the level of guarantees offered

by main component suppliers should be within the industry standards, ensuring at least 5 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 10 year product guarantee for PV modules and inverters as well as linear power degradation guarantee for 25 years for PV modules. Unfortunately, having good components (PV module and inverters) do not necessarily lead into a good and profitable PV plant. In that sense, the design of the plant plays an important role, so that the equipment used can be optimized in order to obtain the maximum performance. The following aspects should be properly designed and checked always considering the climatic conditions that may affect at every site considered: a) Tilt angle of the PV array and row spacing. b) Electrical design of the PV strings and arrays; c) PV design robustness against near and far shading effects. d) Proper sizing of electrical components and cabling in both DC and AC sides.

Contractual Structure

Conclusions In summary, the critical elements for mitigating risk in solar PV projects are: a) Ensuring that there is high quality onsite measured irradiation data available for MW scale PV projects. b) Ensuring that pyranometers selected have been considered in terms of their standards and classification. c) Understanding that some satellite data or generated databases are not sufficient for energy production assessment due to their high uncertainty level. Selection of the right satellite data source and thereafter the use of the same is very critical to reduce uncertainties (and so risks in energy yield assessment). d) Remembering that both the horizontal and climatic distance should be considered not only for the horizontal distance between a measurement station and a site but also the difference in altitude. e) Track record of main equipment suppliers and suitability of the technology for the conditions of the site are a key aspect in order to ensure the profitability of the PV plant.

The contractual structure for construction of the PV plant together with the level of guaranties as well as the terms and conditions of the contracts are a key aspect in order to avoid any exposure or risk. In that sense, having a single EPC contract is always recommender rather than a multi contract option in which the liability and responsibility limits between a subcontractor and another one may have some gaps and some aspects may not be properly covered.

f) Having good quality PV module and inverters does not secure having a good PV plant. A proper electrical and civil design will be the key to optimize the performance of the main equipment installed on site.

An EPC contract should have a minimum guarantee period of 2 years, but the individual guarantees of major components should be above this figure (supporting structures can have 10 years and inverters 5 years or typically more).

Ultimately, the optimal solution for solar radiation monitoring depends on the size of the PV project, the site location and level of risk the project component is willing to accept. For MW scale utility projects, it is always advisable to have a scientific basis for energy yield assessment and measurement and also to undertake technical due diligence of the project before the disbursement of the debt finance so all the required aspects are looked at, such as the technology, design and contract review, financial model and project schedule among others. The cost of the Due Diligence represents a small fraction of the overall project cost.

The EPC contract should include an availability warranty, normally defined at the level of the inverter. A Performance Ratio warranty should be also included in the operation and maintenance contract. The capability and experience of the contractors should be analyzed together with an overview of previous experience undertaking similar projects.

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g) The contracts need to ensure that there are no gaps on the liabilities and responsibilities of the contractors and include the minimum required level of guaranties which are standard practice in the industry.

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Anti-Dumping Measures Against China And Their Impacts On Solar PV Module Markets In The US, Europe And China Amreen Ahmed, GlobalData’s Associate Analyst

xcess solar PV panel production, especially in China, has led to the dumping of panels in the global market, which has resulted in reduction in solar module prices substantially. Due to this price decline, solar module manufacturers in many countries have been facing severe price competition, and a number of major manufacturers have sought bankruptcy protection in the face of increasing competition from China and plummeting solar panel prices. In order to re-establish a healthy balance of demand and supply, and protect domestic solar PV markets, a number of countries have initiated anti-dumping investigations or begun to implement anti-dumping measures against China. In early 2012, the US imposed a 31% dumping margin upon Chinese solar manufacturers. A number of European countries are investigating the Chinese solar market in order to ensure a healthy industry within the renewable energy sector. India’s Ministry of Commerce has officially started its anti-dumping investigation and other countries are planning to impose antidumping duties on solar panel exporting countries, particularly China.

1.2

Over Supply of Solar PV Panels Coupled with Falling Price for Solar PV Modules Drived the EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

Anti-Dumping Measures in Global Solar Module Market Over supply of solar PV panels coupled with falling price for solar PV modules lead the solar PV trade war among the various key solar PV module manufacturer countries. A cycle of price drop -increased supply -further price drop and so on; clutched the solar PV module market globally. To protect domestic solar PV manufacturer market various countries started anti-dumping measures. In 2011, global solar panel supply exceeded demand. Global solar PV installed capacity amounted to around 27 GW, compared to a production capacity of 70 GW. Global demand for solar panels amounted to approximately 39 GW in 2011, in comparison to the supply of 59 GW. China alone had a production capacity of 45 GW in 2011. The oversupply of solar panels in the global market has severely affected solar panel prices, which have dropped dramatically as a result.

The fall of prices was the result of the increased number of players in the market, which has proliferated with the entry of low cost sourcing countries such as China and Korea into the market. According to industry sources, solar panel prices have declined by 70% over the past two years, due to the oversupply of solar panels in the global market from China. Germany registered a 53.1% reduction; France registered a 53.65% reduction, Italy registered a 53.1% reduction, the US registered a 53.6% reduction and India registered a decline of 59.6% in solar PV modules prices during 2009 -2011.

1.3

Dumping, Anti-Dumping Measures in Global Solar PV Markets and their Impact Analysis

1.3.1 A Case of Export from China to the US Solar PV Market 1.3.1.1 Solar PV Module Dumping into

Figure 1: China’s Oversupply of Solar PV Panels in 2011

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the US Solar PV Market and Its Impacts US solar PV manufacturers have been severely affected by the dumping of Chinese modules in the US market. In 2011, the price decline was equivalent to 70%, which was the result of oversupply from Chinese manufacturers. Due to a dramatic decline of solar panel prices, which comparatively low to the production costs in the US, a number of module manufacturers in the US went bankrupt or were unable to compete. American solar panel manufacturers, including Abound Solar Evergreen Solar and Solyndra, have sought bankruptcy protection in response to the rising competition presented by China’s low solar panel prices. Solyndra, 1366 Technologies Incorporated and SoloPower Incorporated were offered a loan or guarantee of $197m for the manufacture of rolls of solar panels. A number of other module manufacturers, such as the Solar Trust of America, SunPower, BeaconPower, and Ecotality Unisolar, were also severely affected. 1.3.1.2 Implementation of Anti-Dumping Measures and their Impacts on the US Solar PV Market The US commenced investigations against Chinese manufacturers in 2011 and found these for a guilty of dumping their panels into the US solar PV market. As a result, in 2012, the US International Trade Commission approved anti-dumping duties on solar panel imports from China for the next five years. Under the US’ anti-dumping investigation, Suntech was determined to have a dumping margin of 31.73%. Trina Solar Energy was determined to have a final dumping margin of 18.32%. 59 other Chinese producers have received a dumping rate of 25.96%. Remaining Chinese exporters were determined as having a dumping rate of 15.97% and a subsidy rate of 15.24%. The anti-dumping law has provided a great advantage for domestic module manufacturers in the solar market in the US and has had a substantial impact upon trade relations between China and the US. Following the imposition of duties upon Chinese solar panel manufacturers, a number of leading manufacturers in the US have registered profits: First Solar registered growth of 44% from August 2012 to October 2012. Sunpower

has also benefited from the imposition of the US’ antidumping policy and has been generating 69% of its revenue from North America since anti-dumping duties were imposed. The company’s module prices have registered 120% growth. Following the implementation of the anti-dumping policy in the US market, a large number of Chinese panel manufacturers are losing their market shares while and companies such as First Solar and Sunpower are gaining market shares in the US solar PV market.

1.3.2 A Case of Export from China to the European Solar PV Market 1.3.2.1 Solar PV Module Dumping into the European Solar PV Market and Its Impacts According to the local manufacturers in Europe, Chinese module manufacturers are selling solar products in Europe at prices far lower than the domestic cost of production, with a dumping margin of between 60% and 80%. A number of other solar manufacturers were affected as a result of the dumping of solar products in the domestic market. More than 20 solar manufacturers in Europe went out of business in 2012 due to falling prices. German Q-Cells, one of the biggest PV manufacturers in 2007 and 2008 got insolvent in 2012. Solland Solar ended its solar production in January 2012. Solon SE filed for the German equivalent of bankruptcy in mid-December 2011, unable to repay its debts to banks and investors. The Stirling Energy Systems declared bankruptcy in September 2011. The German company Solibro GmbH faced a loss of €845m ($1140.75m) in the year 2011 due to fallen solar PV modules prices and decreased capacity utilization from one GW in 2010 to 66 MW in 2011. 1.3.2.2 Anti-Dumping Measures and their Impacts on the European Solar PV Market An association lead by Euro ProSun and Solar World AG has requested that an investigation be carried out into China’s practices in Europe. Euro ProSun filed a complaint claiming that Chinese products were sold at prices that were between 60% and 80% lower than domestic European prices. Solar World, a German company

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operating at a loss, was one of the initiators of the trading complaint On the request of the association, the European Commission has initiated an anti-dumping and countervailing duties investigation against Chinese manufacturers. Developers and manufacturers in the region are awaiting the anti-tariff case eagerly. The anti-dumping investigation has the potential to affect Chinese solar PV manufacturers severely. China is currently one of the main targets of anti-dumping measures and as a result of the current economic trend, the majority of Chinese companies suspended their production activities in 2012. If Chinese proved to be guilt by European Commission, companies in China will be forced either to shift their industrial activities to other nations to shut down a few plants. This will result in increased unemployment in the industry. As a defensive move, a number of Chinese companies are planning to commence operations from Turkey. The China Synergy Company, Limited has established a new manufacturing facility in Turkey. Trina Solar Limited is expected to enter into a partnership with Europe as an attempt to protect itself from the impact of the antidumping laws that are to be imposed against Chinese firms.

1.3.3 A Case of Export to Indian Solar PV Market The solar market in India registered impressive growth from 2010 to 2011, although domestic manufacturers are finding it difficult to survive in the context of an oversupply of solar modules. Maharishi Solar, Tata Power Solar Systems Limited and Indo Solar are the leading solar panel manufacturers had reported an inability to compete in the solar market as prices offered by the a manufacturer from a few countries were too low compared to manufacturing costs India has initiated investigations against solar module supplying countries such as China, Malaysia, Taiwan, and the US. If charges found correct, India might also put some tariff on module imports from the countries above. This will help domestic solar PV module manufacturers to enjoy the higher profits and less competition, however, the installations market will decrease. nnn

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SO L A R ENERGY

Pramod V. Hargude, Business head - PIRE, Godrej Electricals & Electronics Godrej & Boyce Mfg. Co. Ltd

Solar Roof Top - The Upcoming Market Revolution Power deficit - A Serious concern

Lack of electricity infrastructure, chronic power shortages, rising energy prices and the threat of climate change are some of theof main hurdles faced by India. Of a population over a billion people, 40% do not have access to electricity. Electricity has now widely seen as a basic necessity and the demand is quite higher than supply. Recent studies reveal that 56Â

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there are about 60,000 unelectrified villages in the country. Of these villages, 18,000 could not be electrified through extension of the

conventional grid. This may have adverse effect on Countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s dream of becoming super power by 2020. The shortage of energy during the peak time demand is still on a higher side which is a serious concern for commercial users i.e. small and medium scale industries on the profit margins as most of their capacities

remain underutilized. The running of DG GENSET as back-up wherein the power cost ranges around INR 12- 15 per unit (Including regular maintenance) against the power received from the state-run electricity distribution company at INR 5-7 per unit matters a lot for total growth and harmony of the company as well as economy.. From various facts and figures, it reveals that one of the prime reason for the power deficit is the scarcity of fossil fuels and most of what is available is confined to certain countries. This is an alarming situation for a country like India who is one of the fastest growing economies globally. To maintain the growth of approx 7 -9 % India has projected its demand for electricity to go up 800 GW by 2032. To meet this demand, access cost effective, clean and reliable sources of energy is is necessary and renewable energy technology, especially solar will have to play a crucial role to achieve energy Independence.

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the investors. The Programs like renting the roofs to developers to setup solar PV system initiated by certain states to be promoted by other state Government as well for gaining real momentum in the industry.

Government Initiatives.

Achieving Energy Independence through Solar roof top systems:In European countries like in Germany, where 80% of the capacity is installed on Rooftops.Similarly in India, every citizen,

corporates, manufacturer, owner can install such solar rooftop project as electricity generation through fossil fuel is becoming expensive as well as its draining the reserves every passing year. Such rooftop installation will also help in filling the gap between the demand &supply for electricity without much transmission losses.

and IRR equity of 15- 20% (Approx.) after inclusion of all the benefits like accelerated depreciation and subsidy benefits. India holds a potential of approx. 8 -10 GW for roof top and decentralized solar system if the supporting initiatives is structured well. The Expansion of the REC & net metering concept

in the roof top & decentralized segments will help the market to pick up in faster pace which in turn will give better revenue for

Indian government is actively supporting and promotingsolar industries through various schemes which are the real catalysts for the industry. Ministry of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE) is actively promoting the solar roof top systems with various subsidy and tax benefits models. A 30 % capital subsidy for systems up to 100 kWp through accredited MNRE channel partners & a special 90%subsidy on the SPV systems in North-Eastern states through respective State Nodal Agencies are made available to owners. The allocation of sufficient funds to JNNSM projects and the reduction of duties on solar photovoltaic panels in the recent budget show 100 % commitment from the Government to promote Solar Energy in all aspects. Additionally, the government has also initiated a Renewable Energy Certificate (REC)scheme, accelerated depreciation, Tax reforms RPOs for commercial rooftops, mandatory roof-top area harvesting for solar power for 1 – 2% of building’s consumption will be beneficial in solar power market development.The detailed outlay of the National Solar Mission highlights various targets set by the government to increase solar energy in the country’s energy portfolio and the supporting ecosystem is also getting developed well.

Independent Power Producers. The most important segments for roof top will be the commercial and residential (approx. 300 million available roofs). With prices of conventional power reaching INR 9 during peak load; it makes sense to include a reliable and clean source to meet the energy needs. A typical roof top system of 100KWp will fetch a pay back of 7-8 years (Approx)

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Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Quest for an Energy Smart Future Energy & Power Systems Practice, Technical Insights, Frost & Sullivan

he Indian power sector has total installed capacity of 211 GW (as of December 2012), excluding captive power plants. Fossil-fuel-based plants contribute to about 89 percent of this capacity, with renewable resources comprising the rest. Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s power sector has to contend with number of challenges, including ever-increasing energy demand, huge loss in transmission and distribution (T&D), meeting environmental standards, etc. India is facing significant power shortage presently, despite being the fourth-largest power-consuming nation in the world after the US, China, and Russia. According to the International Energy Agency, India would require an investment of around USD 135 billion in order to provide electricity access to the entire population. Along with necessary infrastructure, the country also requires an efficient power management system, T&D infrastructure, etc., to maximally utilize the power produced. In this regard, smart grids could offer the potential solution. Smart grid is an electrical energy network that proficiently connects demand and supply sides by effectually utilizing information available from both ends. It may be represented as an effective amalgamation of electricity distribution technologies and computer intelligence. The set of information consists of data describing functional behaviour of both suppliers and consumers, the analysis of which enables improvement in efficiency of energy generation, transmission, and distribution.

Chart 1: Drivers of Smart Grid Technologies in India

Drivers and Challenges The main objective of smart grid implementation is to make functioning, planning, and maintenance of each component of the grid more efficient and hassle-free. Technologies such as SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition), DMS (Distribution Management System), MDMS (meter data management system), and others are critical components of a smart grid system. Implementation of smart grid would enable synchronization of electricity

supply and demand, resulting in improved grid reliability and security. The abovementioned technologies would automatically monitor frequency and duration of power outages, as well as account for variations and disturbances. Some major drivers for smart grid technology are mentioned in Chart 1. The Indian energy sector is presently concentrating on upgrading existing grid infrastructure, its associated technologies, and integration of new technologies in the

Chart 2: Challenges faced by Smart Grid Technologies in India

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grid. These are necessary for effectual functioning of power generation and T&D equipment, consisting of wide spectrum of hardware, software, and communication gears. Although new technologies ensure improved performance, installation of a smart grid network is cost-intensive, which is one of the biggest restraints for this technology. Furthermore, most available technologies have to be integrated into the system according to standards maintained by the Indian power sector. This is because these technologies are customized according to standards followed in the countries where they have been developed (each country has its own set of regulations and mandates). Some major restraints faced by smart grid deployment initiatives are mentioned in Chart 2.

•

Energy auditing and accounting

•

SCADA systems for large towns and bigger areas, such as industrial complexes

•

Feeder segregation

Introduction of smart grid infrastructure in India would involve tremendous engineering activities to modify the existing system according to present requirements of consumers.

Presently, eight smart grid pilot projects have been planned across India with an average budget of USD 10 million for each. The Government has proposed to bear around 50 percent of the total cost and the rest would be borne by technology and utility partners. Since the basic concept of smart grid is based on its automation, information and communication technologies (ICT) involved play a vital role in development of projects. IT functions to be implemented for smart grid development include: •

Mapping of distribution network components, including all high tension and low tension lines, transformers, and meters

•

Automated meter reading for feeder lines and transformers

•

Automated energy billing and software-based addressing of customer complaints

•

Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI): Apart from use of smart meters that support two-way information transfer, AMI systems would provide detailed pricing information based on consumer price signals; collect and store customer energy consumption data for required time intervals; identify location and extent of outages; provide remote connection; disconnection facilities; and prevent loss and theft.

•

Customer-side systems: These would manage energy consumption from the customers’ end - at domestic and industrial levels. The technologies involved include energy management systems, energy storage devices, smart appliances, and distributed generation. Improved energy efficiency may be achieved through in-home displays/ energy dashboards, smart appliances, and local storage.

•

Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging Infrastructure: This would enable effectual billing, scheduling, and other grid-to-vehicle smart charging facilities.

Technologies to be implemented Technologies to be implemented for smart grid deployment may be classified according to following functionalities: •

Wide area monitoring and control with aid of real-time monitoring: Wide area monitoring and control would enable display of individual system components and their performance throughout the grid. Some of these technologies include wide-area situational awareness (WASA), wide-area monitoring systems (WAMS), wide-area adaptive protection, control and automation (WAAPCA).

•

ICT integration: In order to meet superior reliability expectations, private utility communication networks such as radio networks, meter-mesh networks; as well as public networks such as internet, cellular, cable, or telephone are to be carefully integrated along the grid to ensure data transmission through real-time systems. The software portion would consist of significant system control software, along with enterprise resource planning (ERP) support enabling both-way information transfer between stakeholders.

Initiatives for Smart Grid Deployment Formation of forums and consortiums by the Government and private stakeholders are among initiatives undertaken for smart grid deployment in India. Consortiums bring together stakeholders from various levels of the supply chain, such as utility and service providers, technology developers, academic and research institutions, etc. Smart grid development in India may be categorized into five functionalities — development of new technologies, loss reduction, energizing rural areas, utilization of renewable resources with distributed generation, and cyber security.

(FACTS), which improve controllability of transmission systems. Also, High voltage DC (HVDC) technologies are used to connect offshore wind and solar farms to large power areas, with reduced losses and proper controllability.

•

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Integrating renewable resources and distributed generation systems: Renewable resources should be carefully integrated in the grid enabling large-scale energy management for transmission, medium-scale for distribution, and small-scale for residential and commercial buildings. Careful synchronizing of the demand and supply sides is required in order to handle challenges associated with controllability of these resources. Transmission enhancement applications: Among the usable technologies are Flexible AC transmission systems

Potential Threats Apart from large spectrum of conveniences offered by smart grid and associated technologies, there are also potential threats. Since smart energy technologies would automate electricity usage influencing millions of consumers, a system crash could critically affect all consumers supplied directly or indirectly from the grid network. India accounts for the highest aggregate technical and commercial (AT&C) losses in power distribution. Use of smart energy meters will help address this challenge by eliminating errors associated with manual data collection resulting in precise accounting, monetary benefits, and security from power thefts. These smart meters, however, are vulnerable to cyber threats and attacks that often retrieve passwords from interfaces; due to which similar smart meter devices can be hacked. These may have catastrophic results

EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

such as massive power outage and blackouts. There have been instances in the US where unauthorized extraction of consumer data from hardware has been identified. Smart energy meters consist of a power disconnect facility in the form of a button that is vulnerable to unauthorized access, resulting in power outage in multiple residences triggered from a remote location. It also enables the attacker to track the communication channel up to energy supply company servers, which could be used as a key to access bigger energy networks. Consumer information can be interpreted by intercepting data during transmission from individual residence to the energy supply company. A residentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s lifestyle can also be easily interpreted from this. However, a major drawback is that this data can be misused by criminals. Last, but not the least, attacks on smart meters can not be detected easily since they do not have any integrated sensors.

Conclusion Although the existing electrical grid network in India comprises age-old appliances

requiring significant financial support to upgrade to smart grid technologies, there is a continuous flow of investments from both private and public sectors. Also, a smart grid would integrate various renewable resources in the grid that have significant generating capacities in India, such as wind (46,000 MW) and solar (over 1,00,000 MW). Implementation of smart grid would help grid operators and other stakeholders prevent power theft and ensure better security to consumers. The smart grid would bring together all effective technologies enabling superior energy management, which would also aid grid management during emergencies. Installing a new infrastructure involves a significant amount of time and money. Thus, it could be recommended that the existing grid should be stabilized in terms of capacity by installing new distribution lines, substations and generation units (both renewable and non-renewable). Some of the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s biggest IT giants are Indian companies, who are experienced in implementing smart grid technologies overseas. This expertise could be used to sort out the technical and

commercial losses that are presently faced by the distribution systems. Also, a number of small companies involved in various cross sections of the renewable energy sector, such as concentrated solar power and fuel cells, interested in developing business in India should be encouraged with government subsidies in order to get them involved in the smart grid implementation functionalities. The energy industry in India may be expected to witness business activities such as mergers and acquisitions among stakeholders, as evident from the scenario in the US and Europe, which would encourage smart grid development by bringing in more investments. Smart grid deployment may accelerate adoption of EVs and hybrid vehicles as a result of availability of appropriate charging infrastructure. Most importantly, various technologies associated with smart grids are expected to bring down dependency on fossil-fuel-based power by turning toward renewable power, thus reducing carbon emissions.

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REN EWA BL E ENERGY

Developing Corporate Green Strategy

Dwipen Boruah Managing Director, GSES India (Indian counterpart of Global Sustainable Energy Solutions)

rowing energy use has a direct impact on the global and local environment. The extensive use of conventional sources of energy (coal, gas and oil) has been riddled with concerns of soaring costs, resource depletion, and environmental degradation coupled with rising GHG emissions. Apart from the environmental impacts of increased energy use, energy security concerns are becoming central issues in several developed and developing countries. Fast depletion of fossil fuels has forced the world to seriously start exploring ways to harness renewable energy resources and implement energy efficiency plans. The role of the corporate sector in climate change adaptation is becoming more prominent, and regarded as critical to meeting adaptation goals. There is a need for significant private sector investments to secure necessary resources for adaptation. According a to a report recently published by CSR Asia, reducing carbon emissions, improving transparency in business and labour relations will be top corporate social responsibility issues for companies in AsiaPacific over the next decade. Government policies and regulations are becoming more supportive in transforming energy markets towards greater adoption of renewable energy. A vast array of proven renewable 62Â

EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

energy technologies are now technically well developed and ready to be installed. Corporate sector can play a vital role in widespread use of renewable energy technologies in securing a sustainable global energy system. However, an appropriate corporate green strategy required to be developed for effective investment on renewable energy and energy efficiency to reduce carbon footprint through a sustainable business model and inclusive collaboration processes between public and private sectors.

Approaches to Develop Green Strategy: Once a corporate decides to increase the use of renewable energy in its energy

supply portfolio, then it can quantify the impact and benefits of these strategies and then articulate a set of objectives and

implementation plans that have a greater likelihood of acceptance and support from investors and other stakeholders. The basic requirements for successful green strategy implementation are illustrated in the figure below:

Developing Corporate Green strategy: The objective of developing a green strategy is to prepare a road map and action plan for systematic implementation of techno economically feasible renewable energy projects and energy efficiency measures for different stakeholders within the corporate. The strategy and action plan should be prepared with the perspective of long-

term positive impact through a sustainable business model.

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Solar PV System for Captive Use

The process of developing “Renewable Energy Strategy ”requires sector wise energy demand assessment and load characteristics followed by renewable energy resource assessment and identification of techno economically viable renewable energy projects and systems for different sectors. Identification of appropriate policy framework and business models is essential for successful implementation and sustainability of renewable energy projects. It is also recommended that local government adopt/ modify local bylaws and regulations to promote and make renewable energy projects financially attractive.

and compare environmental impacts by site, building type, region, energy type, and process. The approach of analysis should focus on the following areas:

Energy Consumption and Carbon Footprint Assessment:

Water Use

GHG Footprint – Greenhouse gases are an overall measure of environmental impact.

•

Total water use by site and building/ facility type;

•

Total GHG emissions by site – identify biggest emitters;

The first step to develop a green strategy is to establish a baseline data for energy use, water use, waste generated and carbon/GHG footprint. The focus should be to obtain and organize data so as to be able to quantify energy consumption and load characteristics

•

Water intensity by site/ premise/ facility;

•

Energy and carbon impacts of water usage, i.e. energy used for treatment and pumping of water.

Total GHG emissions by energy source – concentrate on largest energy sources;

•

GHG intensity by site – identify high intensity sites. Intensity might be based on per square foot area, revenue, people, or output.

Energy Use – Energy use analysis is required to determine greenhouse gas emissions. •

Total energy use by site and building type;

•

Energy use by transportation – include impacts of corporate fleet, business travel (air and ground), and daily commuting by employees;

•

Energy intensity by site – identify high intensity sites/ premises/ facilities.

Waste Generated •

Organic and non organic wastes – volume of waste and fraction recycled;

•

Hazardous wastes (e.g. fluorescent bulbs, batteries, cleaning fluids, used electronics etc.) – volume of waste and fraction recycled;

•

Other wastes, including old equipment – volume of waste and fraction recycled;

•

Energy and carbon impacts of waste streams – energy used for hauling and processing.

Energy Efficiency Strategy: While renewable energy technologies would provide clean energy, Energy Efficiency (EE) and Demand Side Management (DSM) measures would help in reducing the energy demand. EE initiatives can be one of the most financially feasible energy saving options. Detailed energy audits need to be carried out to understand opportunities to improve energy and water efficiency and reduce

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EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

Battery Operated Vehicle for Campus

Solar Water Heater for Canteen

waste. The objective of the detailed energy audits should be to compare best in class to worst in class facilities. The resulting reports should be instrumental in identifying not only best practices but also opportunities to improve performance company-wide through better management and/or easy retrofits. The approach for energy audit should be on: •

Detailed energy end-use break down by activity – identify most effective levers for energy efficiency

•

Compare energy and water use in audited facilities – identify and explain differences

•

Cost benefit analysis

for installation •

Selection of appropriate technology, system design and optimization

•

Assessment of benefit under policy regulation and carbon market

•

Cost estimation and

•

Economic analysis

The table below indicates energy use and potential renewable energy options in different sectors of a typical corporate house.

Renewable Energy Strategies: Renewable Energy Strategy should be based upon the energy consumption type and pattern, load characteristics, availability of such products to fulfil the requirement and economic feasibility. Renewable Energy projects need to be identified based on the availability of such resource and harnessing them in a techno economically feasible way. This includes technical and economic assessment of use of Renewable Energy resource (solar, wind, waste to energy, hydro etc.) and other appropriate technology (waste water treatment and use, rainwater harvesting etc.) applications for the facilities. Once the potential of the renewable energy course has been established, it is essential to carry out a preliminary cost-benefit analysis for all the RETs. Techno economic feasibility of renewable energy projects includes the following steps: •

Ren ewable Assessment

•

Identification and assessment of sites

En ergy

Resources

EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

Conclusion: Continuous increase and volatility in prices of oil, gas and coal has increased energy costs and created uncertainties to such an extent that there is a strong desire to reduce dependency on conventional fuels, particularly in countries which are dependent on imported fossil fuels. A wide range of technologies and commercial products are now

available for leveraging different renewable energy resources such as wind solar, hydro, biomass, bio-fuel, geothermal etc. Renewable energy technologies are now available for customized standalone application and utility scale grid connected applications for electricity generation and supply. In recent years, costs of different renewable energy devices have come down dramatically. Utility scale wind energy generation has almost reached grid parity and requires little or no public/ government support to establish commercially viable projects. Cost of solar PV has also remarkably come down during last three years due to scaling up of production and installation of large MW size power plants around the world. Solar PV has already achieved parity against diesel and kerosene generators for off grid application. Use of solar thermal and biomass application for industrial process heat and district heating are highly competitive against fossil fuel based heating systems. It is high time for the corporate sector to demonstrate positive contributions through innovation to create new marketable solutions in the green economy and sustainable development.

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Rasika - Founder of MindCrunch

he Journal of Power Sciences recently published some revolutionary results based on a study conducted by scientists at the University of Delaware in the United States . According to the authors it is possible that by the year 2030, electricity networks can be powered entirely on renewable energy with a perfect combination of energy storage technologies and backup or standby conventional fossil fuel power generators - for almost 99.9% of the time. The results are based on a computer model which tries to match demand supply for a 72 GW (1/5th of the US generation capacity ) electric grid, optimizing various combinations of renewable energy sources (solar photovoltaics and wind – inland and offshore) and storage technologies (batteries and fuel cells). The calculations are done for a four year period and incorporate changes in consumer demand and weather. The results show that backup fossil fuel generation need arises only at five occasions during the study period. These are astonishing results given the ever increasing concerns of climate change and the huge war on ‘dirty coal’ by environmentalists across the globe. They are also contrary to the common view held by traditional industry players and public at large that renewable energy is just a craze and that there is no serious alternative to fossil fuel based electricity generation. However let’s not forget that the electricity industry today is undergoing a renaissance moment. The industry has come a long way from its early days where a handful of companies dominated the entire value chain. This was followed by national governments realizing the importance of electricity in a country’s growth and therefore putting in place appropriate market rules and most frequently by taking up the onus of creating new infrastructure. What we saw as a result of this was centralized operations and development of large scale ultra-mega power projects which were built

more and more close to the mine mouths and supported by behemoth transmission corridors. Generating electricity at small scale became uneconomical and relying on intermittent sources such as wind was not a clever option. Yet in the last decade there has been tremendous focus on developing technologies that can generate electricity at competitive prices by using renewable sources, notably wind and solar. This has been largely driven by an increased amount of awareness that the supply of conventional fuels is ultimately limited and that the society at large has to take serious efforts to reduce its carbon footprint which has already reached alarming proportions. Countries like Austria, Sweden and Portugal are already generating half of their electricity consumption through renewable sources primarily hydropower and biomass. The United States which has been comparatively slower in adding renewable capacity as compared to the European Union, has witnessed some steep growth during the last few years. The average monthly nonhydro renewable generation in the US has grown up to about 18,777 GWh by mid-2012 from around 10,508 GWh in 2008. In fact in the year 2012 about half of all new domestic generation capacity in the US was from renewable energy sources. This was about a total of 12,956 MW – out of which 10,689 MW was wind, 1,476 MW was solar, 543 MW of biomass and 258 MW of geothermal – as per the records of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission’s Office of Energy Projects. In Asia the growth of renewables has been even fast with China recording an investment growth of about 80% per annum since 2004. In its current five year plan China has planned to increase its share of renewable energy from 8.6% in 2010 to 11.4% by the year 2015. It is expected that the share of RE will further grow up from here. One of the main factors driving this growth is the ever falling prices of generation through renewables.

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Also the fact that worldwide governments are serious of putting an externality cost of emissions on top of carbon prices will ensure that using conventional fuels is likely to be more expensive. This also means that the demand for ‘green’ power will increase as consumers will have to abide by stricter energy efficiency and emissions reduction rules. In addition to this utility investment in smart grids will also make renewable energy projects more attractive; since smart grids will help ensure that the renewable sources can be more efficiently integrated into the electricity network without compromising on system reliability. One more phenomena which will further drive the growth of renewable energy share in total generation is the growing innovation in ‘energy storage technologies’. The relationship between storage technologies and renewables demonstrate a perfect cause & effect conceptuality. As the share of renewables increases so does the demand for storage and therefore innovation in developing appropriate storage technologies; once the new technologies become commercially viable, developers would tend to invest more in setting up renewable projects. In the recent past there has been enough regulatory push to the energy storage industry worldwide including the FERC 755 in the US. What can we conclude from these developments is that it is very much a possibility that some decades down the line energy markets shall be in such an equilibrium state where the cost differential between renewable and conventional electricity generation would be practically negligible. At that point in time electricity from a large centralized conventional fuel based plant will be comparable to electricity generated by several decentralized renewable plants which are near to the consumer load center. How soon we will reach that stage will ofcourse depend upon innovations in energy storage and grid optimization and the market mechanisms which will support more prosumers and provide signals for emissions pricing. EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

RENEWA BL E EN ERG Y

Can A Grid Be Completely Supported By Renewable Energy?

Company Name Aftaab Solar Pvt.Ltd. Alex Spectrum Radiation Pvt.Ltd. Amrit Energy Pvt.Ltd. Azure Power (Rajasthan) Pvt Ltd Cccl Infrastructure Limted Dde Renewable Energy Pvt.Ltd. Electromech Maritech Pvt.Ltd. Emc Ltd. Finehope Allied Energy Pvt.Ltd. Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. Karnataka Power Corporation Khaya Solar Projects Pvt Ltd

State Orissa Rajasthan Rajasthan Rajasthan Tamil Nadu Rajasthan Rajasthan Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan Rajasthan Karnataka Rajasthan

EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

785581

750601

512040 747665 592317 611385 602851

708087

721259

827668

SEPT’12 767109 701409 677819 787320 641076 700695 449600 802327 623995

AUG’12

JULY’12

802069

OCT’12 785.5 829367 873.36 826740 570260 777204 806502 713200 837649 682376 681667

NOV’12 666700 709002 688631 650291 611390 729729 750131 530616 740539 607998

DEC’12 820900 668699 773074 683100 577620 699550 700517 498292 678697 611971 682100 611568

Company Name Maharashtra Seamless Ltd Mahindra Solar One Pvt.Ltd. Newton Solar Private Limited Northwest Energy Pvt.Ltd. Saidham Overseas Private Sunedison Energy India P Ltd Unj Lloyd Solar Power Ltd Vasavi Solar Power Pvt.Ltd. Viraj Renewable Energy Welspun Solar Ap Pvt.Ltd. Saisudhir Energy Limited

State Rajasthan Rajasthan Rajasthan Rajasthan Rajasthan Rajasthan Rajasthan Rajasthan Rajasthan Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh

695715

JULY’12 715300 873826

756000

522795

AUG’12 666400 703795 574253 697908

763600

750601

SEPT’12 750601 792588 653831 813818 777309 714237

832706 755994 918636 862895 779282 663000 813742 814620

OCT’12

NOV’12 775500 674367 686445 838828 723391 691524 605800 696708 739150 770500

592785 752393 744700 826200

630080 644115 809786 640160 588962

DEC’12

Performance of Solar PV Plants of size 5 MW under JNNSM-NVVN-Phase I-Batch I

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Company Name Amrit Jal Ventures Ltd. Amson Power Pvt.Ltd. Apiic B&G Solar Private Limited Bhavani Engineering C&S Electric Limited Carlill Energy Pvt Ltd Dhruv Milkose Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Ssk Ltd Gajanan Financial Services Pvt Lt H.R. Minerals & Alloys Pvt. Ltd. Harrisons Power Private Limited Lanco Solar Pvt. Ltd M/S Rl Clean Power Pvt Ltd. M/S. S.N.Mohanty Metro Frozen Fruits & Vegetables Pvt.Ltd. Mgm Minerals Ltd. Molisati Vinimay Private Limited Raajratna Energy Holdings Private Limited

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250526

88776

Andhra Pradesh

Haryana

85582.5

Orissa

71827

71355

Orissa Jharkhand

82890

90750.5

EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13 119024

94900 139605

104800 124005

147137

125884 144696 89650

112827

Rajasthan Tamil Nadu Orissa Uttarakhand

109592.6

129174 137600

128475 107341.84 136975 131790

OCT'12 139731

72195.49

92764

313694

97752 121400

116485 140853 118394 115340

SEPT'12 145511.8

Tamil Nadu

66960

77598 119100

76192 110600

291518

112373 137803 120851 87500

108057 137947 97538 110800

Andhra Pradesh Tamil Nadu Andhra Pradesh Haryana Punjab Uttar Pradesh Maharashtra

AUG'12

JULY'12

State Andhra Pradesh

95957.5

95500 114795

119180 150168 85040 82335

112600.3

74650.9

136216

NOV'12 138732.4 116035 122168 130595 121927 107010 135070 110485 125100

117682.5

121390 144740

115890 66810

74226

107323.65

74884.3

152718

112528 80400

117740 139540

DEC'12 133932.53 110070

Company Name Sds Solar Pvt. Ltd. Sripower Generation (India) Pvt Ltd Sunedison Energy India Pvt. Ltd. Tayal & Co Zamil New Delhi Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd. Zamil New Delhi Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd. Abacus Holdings Private Limited Aew Infratech Pvt Ltd Aftaab Solar Private Limited Apgenco Kishore Electro Infra Pvt Ltd Soma Enterprise Limited Vivek Pharmachem (India) Ltd. Abacus Holdings Private Limited Navbharat Buildcon Pvt Ltd. Soma Enterprise Limited

Rajasthan Punjab

Orissa

110010

115550 93923 100496

118700

134500

93690

144200 638.3 124740

112305.4

SEPT'12 147153 116175

Rajasthan Orissa Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh Punjab Rajasthan

83169

AUG'12 112161 108350

93690

81386.1

JULY'12 133021 95150

Orissa

Haryana

Haryana Rajasthan

Rajasthan

State Haryana Andhra Pradesh

129825

98166 140099

136490

129825

122529 121547

150163

OCT'12 144231 109800

121580

98958

98954

129920

NOV'12 101346 108675

130000 76691

95363

84325

DEC'12 95817 107375

Performance of Solar PV Plants of size 1 MW under JNNSM-RPSSGP Scheme

67Â

Company Name Adora Energy Private Limited Akr Construction Limited Chhattisgarh Investments Ltd. Citra Real Estate Limited Jay Ace Technologies Ltd. Kijalk Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd Kvr COnstructions Pcs Premier Energy Pvt Ltd Priapus Infrastructure Limited Saimeg Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd Sepset Constructions Limited Singhal Forestry Private Limited

68Â

EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

Uttar Pradesh Jharkhand Maharashtra Chhattisgarh

State Madhya Pradesh Jharkhand Chhattisgarh Maharashtra Uttarakhand Jharkhand Jharkhand

192680 109300 154100

104240 90000 160600

135900 163762 177350

163054

138178

155760 148920 157141

Aug'12 152890

July'12 169400

158600 216990 228770

213860 224162 247604 195930

Sept'12 236746 169800

287080

282959 246200 258570 255700

321682.6

Oct'12 302671

Nov'12 269499 203400 252163 251650 227473 188960 190200 183900 116971 194800 270050 248850

Dec'12 281869 200000 303615.6 297628 166341 216250 191900 190700 115300 191000 293178 293180

Company Name Technical Associates Limited Dante Energy Private Limited New Era Enviro Ventures Pvt. Ltd. Premier Solar Systems Pvt. Ltd. Rv Akash Ganga Infrastructure Ltd. Shiv-Vani Energy Ltd Pcs Premier Energy Pvt Ltd

Madhya Pradesh

Uttarakhand

Jharkhand

State Uttar Pradesh Uttar Pradesh Jharkhand

160600

151200

July'12 203338.3 43369 166200

154100

204725

175400

209450

159800 142400

Sept'12 219351.2

Aug'12 210981.1

255700

239600

Oct'12 259011.2

183900

Nov'12 206561

277560 190700

Dec'12 175261

Performance of Solar PV Plants of size 2 MW under JNNSM-RPSSGP Scheme

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Gujarat Solar Plants produces 92.5 GWHr in Dec 2012, 867.8 GWHr in 2012

INTERNATIONAL Sr. No.

Name of Power Station

Jan

FEB

MARCH

APRIL

MAY

JUNE

JULY

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

Energy recorded in MWH

Lanco Solar

2596.66

2596.34

2516.95

2281.05

2176.47

1962.51

1471.96

1268.85

1846.36

2619.51

2379.28

2563.48

Solitaire

1983.20

2189.20

2365.00

2385.40

2373.00

1860.20

1428.80

1252.00

1637.60

2238.60

2059.20

2068.00

Precious

1888.20

2006.20

2349.20

2397.40

2398.60

1983.40

1490.80

1326.40

1708.80

2340.80

2080.40

2113.40

Azure Power

1722.00

1742.00

1848.00

1601.80

1622.00

1317.00

944.40

829.40

1040.80

1670.00

1599.80

1697.80

Sun Edison

1.32

10.60

102.98

149.42

Welspun

2096.30

2489.90

3034.50

3050.90

3188.97

2911.47

2255.99

2171.31

2436.42

3320.36

2917.89

2956.63

Green infran Solar 1405.40

1481.80

1704.70

1701.90

1682.10

1441.60

1110.10

971.30

1180.20

1592.90

1355.10

1326.20

427.80

573.10

Aravali infra

Monosteel

66kv,Vadgam(Azu re,ESP,Visual,Mill enium,Emco)

Konark

BITA Solar Power

4126.00

6302.00

7232.00

69.90

0.00

297.00

322.60

341.00

431.40

630.60

623.90

649.90

1557.18

1885.50

1500.32

1338.95

1056.21

1259.75

1633.98

1670.96

1660.44

7214.00

7594.00

6414.00

4398.00

4082.00

5267.74

7008.00

6528.00

7866.00

453.46

902.68

926.80

915.06

941.92

781.94

563.76

500.75

628.36

825.57

766.50

780.83

4607.64

5687.39

6657.10

6605.46

6683.44

4890.08

3856.39

3756.82

4211.69

6287.15

5343.98

5291.17

Backbone

504.23

580.05

829.05

879.30

1085.40

659.70

561.60

451.65

599.12

776.85

635.40

602.79

TATA

845.97

3937.72

4259.30

3693.54

4137.31

3488.22

2766.18

2611.70

3087.26

4023.19

3662.22

3651.99

1228.10

1352.31

1340.19

1205.29

896.44

848.82

1022.13

1116.20

1227.11

1265.71

1150.86

1603.30

1735.70

1648.40

1572.20

1305.40

988.60

907.10

788.30

1355.70

1410.30

1478.20

1.00

1124.34

1450.40

2094.50

2215.00

2521.25

3267.00

2795.00

2761.00

0.20

287.30

296.48

260.99 2233.70

3248.10

1432.20

1531.90

2258.70

2255.00

2237.70

10.90

95.64

87.71

67.07

135.55

155.47

128.54 2476.33

1964.85

1613.09

1578.32

1185.67

2327.35

2170.41

2211.73

794.81

731.48

677.63

630.99

596.59

418.54

409.63

421.18

427.95

730.94

702.43

3013.22

2094.32

1524.58

1377.87

2024.92

3011.78

2822.01

2944.69

ICML

66kV GHI (Helabeli)

Pragpar tap Semi

Rasana

Sun Borne

MBH solar

Rajesh

Moserbaer

GIPCL

Hiraco

Essar

Louroux

90.70

152.45

150.69

1322.75

2125.20

3870.00

4115.40

3580.66

2608.94

2499.26

2985.78

3204.40

2717.28

2640.28

Waa Solar

1880.00

1816.00

1829.00

1505.00

1132.00

1085.00

1335.00

1661.00

1510.00

1497.00

2836.00

2926.80

3191.30

2684.90

2006.10

1818.60

2135.30

3019.40

2788.30

2875.10

560.50

3035.17

3597.01

3507.55

2665.09

2441.58

2804.94

3813.25

3314.76

3451.26 30565.00

PLG

Thavar

Charanka Solar

21866.91

31621.59

31497.00

30249.00

19250.00

19125.00

24758.00

33242.00

30150.00

Jai Hind

401.79

693.91

562.64

491.09

411.88

354.84

564.27

804.05

615.09

608.99

(ACME)66KV Wadgam (Solar)Undel-1

670.80

1230.20

1258.60

1111.80

756.80

736.60

865.60

1151.40

1097.40

1078.00

(ACME)66KV Wadgam (Solar)Undel-2

676.00

1154.80

1174.20

1046.00

730.40

689.00

809.80

1076.00

1021.80

1007.40

440.46

156.04 494.0640

504.1980

629.5620

440.54

449.10

Harsha

Suncon

Abellon Cleanenergy Ltd.

922.37

149.6580

PDPU

161.85

150.47

Universal Solar

335.2365

298.1730

673.4400

804.0060

764.2500

893.4360

APCA

Astonfield

264.19

15.90

203.17

Euro

221.55

S J green park

358.80

Chattel Construction

Aatash Power Total

27.26 68.8918 23392.34 35606.10

71181.35

86191.20

93300.79 85207.41

63348.65

58642.39

71719.09 97507.69 89028.18

92590.42

& EQBusiness Financial Update on the Solar REC Market (February 2012) Sr.No.

State

Rajasthan

Energy

RE Generator

Project No. Capacity (MW)

Date of

Solar PV

Impact Solar Power Private Limited

001

1.5

Accreditation

Registration

04-02-2013

Madhya Pradesh

Solar PV

Saboo Sodium Chloro Limited

001

N/A

31-01-2013

Madhya Pradesh

Solar PV

Saboo Industries

N/A

001

0.5

30-01-2013

Madhya Pradesh

Solar PV

N/A

Tuhina Enterprises

001

30-01-2013

Chhattisgarh

N/A

Solar PV

Amvensys Technologies Private Limted

001

29-01-2013

N/A

Odisha

Solar PV

OCL India Limited

001

2.5

28-01-2013

N/A

Madhya Pradesh

Solar PV

Deepak Spinners Limited

001

04-12-2012

08-01-2013

Madhya Pradesh

Solar PV

Star Delta Transformers Limited

001

0.5

04-12-2012

08-01-2013

Rajasthan

Solar PV

R. H. Prasad & Company Private Limited 001

0.25

31-08-2012

N/A

Maharashtra

Solar PV

Enrich Energy Pvt. Ltd

001

12-06-2012

N/A

Maharashtra

Solar PV

Jaibalaji Business Corporation Pvt. Ltd.

001

06-06-2012

25-06-2012

Madhya Pradesh

Solar PV

M/s Gupta Sons

001

0.5

09-05-2012

22-05-2012

Madhya Pradesh

Solar PV

OMEGA RENK BEARINGS PVT. LTD

002

0.105

09-05-2012

14-06-2012

Rajasthan

Solar PV

Kanoria Chemicals & Industries Limited

001

28-03-2012

20-04-2012

Tamil Nadu

Solar PV

Swelect Energy Systems Limited

001

1.055

20-02-2012

10-04-2012

Madhya Pradesh

Solar PV

M AND B Switchgears Limited

001

03-02-2012

04-04-2012

Maharashtra

Solar PV

Jain Irrigation Systems Ltd.,

002

8.5

20-10-2011

22-05-2012

Source

(Source: REC Registry as on 15.03.2013, NLDC)

Solar REC Inventory as per REC Registry Month, Year

Opening Balance May, 2012 0 June, 2012 239 July, 2012 221 August, 2012 370 September, 2012 181 October, 2012 464 November, 2012 85 December, 2012 469 January, 2013 253 February, 2013 1251

REC Issued 249 324 328 190 1443 1412 1603 992 3306 0

REC Redeemed 10 342 179 379 1160 1791 1219 1208 2308 0

Closing Balance 239 221 370 181 464 85 469 253 1251 1251

Solar REC Trading Statistics in 2012 on PXIL

Jan-12 Feb-12 Mar-12 Apr-12 May-12 Jun-12 Jul-12 Aug-12 Sep-12 Oct-12 Nov-12 Dec-12 Jan-13

70Â EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

Buy Bid (No. of certificates) 0 1007 3319 225 5 130 200 603 525 2100 1120 583 2107

Sell Bid (No. of certificates) 0 0 0 0 100 22 130 250 527 1012 930 484 203

MCV (No. of certificate) Qty (MWH) 0 0 0 0 5 6 86 250 425 971 486 277 203

MCP (Rs. / Certificate) 0 0 0 0 13000 12506 12800 12850 12900 12500 12100 12100 12500

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& EQBusiness Financial Solar REC Price Discovered in 2012 on PXIL

Jan-12 Feb-12 Mar-12 Apr-12 May-12 Jun-12 Jul-12 Aug-12 Sep-12 Oct-12 Nov-12 Dec-12 Jan-13

MCP (Rs. / Certificate) 0 0 0 0 13000 12506 12800 12850 12900 12500 12100 12100 12500

Jan-12 Feb-12 Mar-12 Apr-12 May-12 Jun-12 Jul-12 Aug-12 Sep-12 Oct-12 Nov-12 Dec-12 Jan-13

Buy Bids (REC) 2,635 582 5,782 289 1,637 9,489 8,554 1,728 1,317 1,263 1,458 1,608 40,138

Solar REC Trading Statistics in 2012 on IEX

Solar REC Price Discovered in 2012 on IEX Jan-12 Feb-12 Mar-12 Apr-12 May-12 Jun-12 Jul-12 Aug-12 Sep-12 Oct-12 Nov-12 Dec-12 Jan-13

Sell Bids (REC) 0 0 0 0 149 541 419 310 1,094 864 758 977 3,356

Cleared Volume (REC) 0 0 0 0 5 336 93 129 735 820 733 931 2,105

Cleared Price(Rs/ REC) 0 0 0 0 13,000 12,750 12,800 12,850 12,500 12,680 12,720 12,620 12,500

FORBEARANCE PRICE 13400 13400 13400 13400 13400 13400 13400 13400 13400 13400 13400 13400 13400

Month, Year March, 2011 April, 2011 May, 2011 June, 2011 July, 2011 August, 2011 September, 2011 October, 2011 November, 2011 December, 2011 January, 2012 February, 2012 March, 2012 April, 2012 May, 2012 June, 2012 July, 2012 August, 2012 September, 2012 October, 2012 November, 2012 December, 2012 January, 2013 February, 2013 Total :

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Forbearance Price 13400 13400 13400 13400 13400 13400 13400 13400 13400 13400 13400 13400 13400

Opening Balance 0 108 4351 14119 24824 36480 43197 71447 102487 132657 109091 39915 34463 38545 89688 151461 173777 397941 598642 902320 1299566 1559699 1668446 1779466

REC Issued 532 4503 28270 27090 30224 31813 74612 126544 135697 88055 102348 200736 203819 122369 230448 258801 382384 474594 568124 619946 392485 382391 304357 22716 4812858

Floor Price 9300 9300 9300 9300 9300 9300 9300 9300 9300 9300 9300 9300 9300

Cleared Price(Rs/REC) 0 0 0 0 13,000 12,750 12,800 12,850 12,500 12,680 12,720 12,620 12,500

FLOOR PRICE 9300 9300 9300 9300 9300 9300 9300 9300 9300 9300 9300 9300 9300

REC Redeemed 424 260 18502 16385 18568 25096 46362 95504 105527 111621 171524 206188 199737 71226 168675 236485 158220 273893 264446 222700 132352 273644 193337 0 3010676

Closing Balance 108 4351 14119 24824 36480 43197 71447 102487 132657 109091 39915 34463 38545 89688 151461 173777 397941 598642 902320 1299566 1559699 1668446 1779466 1802182

EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

71Â

& EQBusiness Financial Non Solar REC Price Discovered in 2012 on PXIL Jan-12 Feb-12 Mar-12 Apr-12 May-12 Jun-12 Jul-12 Aug-12 Sep-12 Oct-12 Nov-12 Dec-12 Jan-13

MCP (Rs. / Certificate) 3051 3051 3100 2201 2150 2460 2202 1555 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500

Forbearance Price 3300 3300 3300 3300 3300 3300 3300 3300 3300 3300 3300 3300 3300

Floor Price 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500

MCP (Rs. / Certificate) 3051 3051 3100 2201 2150 2460 2202 1555 1500 1500 1500

Non Solar REC Price Discovered in 2012 on IEX Jan-12 Feb-12 Mar-12 Apr-12 May-12 Jun-12 Jul-12 Aug-12 Sep-12 Oct-12 Nov-12 Dec-12 Jan-13

Non Solar REC Trading Statistics in 2012 on PXIL Jan-12 Feb-12 Mar-12 Apr-12 May-12 Jun-12 Jul-12 Aug-12 Sep-12 Oct-12 Nov-12 Dec-12 Jan-13

Non Solar REC Trading Statistics in 2012 on IEX

Buy Bid (No. of certificates) 18113 28933 51401 26813 25449 35475 11400 35150 25082 90469 77376 100000 2462

414,387 360,330 272,366 237,100 339,882 313,973 149,628 248,168 239,364 132,231 54,976 173,644 190,875

FORBEARABCE PRICE 3300 3300 3300 3300 3300 3300 3300 3300 3300 3300 3300 3300 3300

Sell Bid (No. of certificates) 6072 19045 7405 26842 28728 30320 32194 59213 46530 161483 308685 597842 370389

Buy Bids (REC) Jan-12 Feb-12 Mar-12 Apr-12 May-12 Jun-12 Jul-12 Aug-12 Sep-12 Oct-12 Nov-12 Dec-12 Jan-13

72Â EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

Cleared Price(Rs/REC) 3,051 3,066 2,900 2,201 2,402 2,402 2,000 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500

Sell Bids (REC) 186,610 215,157 223,907 105,844 246,501 330,371 435,348 568,097 664,641 851,177 921,376 855,784 1,371,503

FLOOR PRICE 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500

MCV (No. of certificate) Qty (MWH) 6064 15706 7383 8949 15550 13321 10851 25725 25082 90469 77376 100000 2462

Cleared Volume (REC) 165,460 190,482 192,354 62,277 153,125 223,164 147,369 248,168 239,364 132,231 54,976 173,644 190,875

MCP (Rs. / Certificate) 3051 3051 3100 2201 2150 2460 2202 1555 1500 1500 1500 1500 1500

Cleared Price(Rs/REC) 3,051 3,066 2,900 2,201 2,402 2,402 2,000 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500

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PRODUCTS High Performance Solar Power Connectors From Multi Contact On Show At Ecobuild A wide range of high performance electrical solar power connectors and junction boxes are being highlighted by Multi-Contact at this year’s Ecobuild exhibition. The company’s market leading MC3 and MC4 plug connectors for linking PV arrays snap together to form a highly reliable connection thanks to their use of Multilam technology. They are suitable for cable cross-sections up to 10 mm². Also on show will be the MC4PLUS connector, which has a similar specification but is pre-assembled with cables with crosssections of 1.5, 2.5, 4 or 6 mm². It is rated

for currents up to 30A and voltages up to 1000VDC. Designed for the automated production of thin film solar modules, Multi-Contact’s TwinBox is a compact PV junction box. Its small size is made possible by integrating the MC4 connection technology within the box, which also minimises the amount of potting compound required. Another junction box is the Westlake, now also available with a vertical connection geometry. Its low profile allows it to be installed directly under the solar module frame, saving installation time by removing

Multi-Contact’s market leading MC4 solar connectors are on display at this year’s Ecobuild.

the need to bend the connecting ribbons. Additional protection is provided by the projecting cover, which prevents the cables from kinking where they exit the cable sleeves. The Ecobuild sustainable design and construction exhibition takes place at the ExCeL London exhibition centre from 5 to 7 March 2013. Multi-Contact can be found on stand S2330.

Power-One Extends ThreePhase String Inverter Family Terranuova Bracciolini, Italy – February 11, 2013 – Power-One, Inc. (Nasdaq:PWER), a leading global manufacturer of renewable energy and energy-efficient power conversion and power management solutions, today announced its extended three-phase string inverters, the AURORA PVI-8.0-TL and AURORA PVI-6.0-TL inverters.

which benefits from the top-level technology perfected in the transformerless AURORA PVI-10.0/12.5 inverters”, said Paolo Casini, Vice President, Product Marketing at PowerOne. “This is the reason why we used a DC/ AC conversion unit with three-phase bridge technology in the new models, which ensures maximum energy harvesting.”

With an output of 6kW and 8kW respectively the new inverter versions are the latest addition of Power-One’s AURORA PV inverter family. The new devices are the smallest transformerless three-phase string inverters the company offers and are ideally suited for rooftop installations.

Due to its two independent MPPTs, the devices allow for energy harvesting from two sub-arrays with different orientations. Moreover, a wide input voltage range and high efficiency values of up to 97.6 percent permit deploying the inverters in different installation conditions. This does not only ensure a maximum energy harvesting, but also guarantees the high reliability and flexibility that distinguish Power-One’s AURORA inverters.

“When we designed the AURORA PVI-8.0TL and AURORA PVI-6.0-TL inverters, we wanted to create a smaller solution than our existing AURORA TRIO products are, but

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To further increase the product life expectancy and long-term reliability, PowerOne uses an electrolyte-free power converter. Thanks to its robust IP 65 outdoor enclosure, the devices are suitable for unrestricted use under any environmental conditions. In order to fulfill the international standards, the extended inverters are also available in a version (-S and -FS) with protected fuses as well as an integrated DC disconnect switch which allows separating the device from the power grid.

EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

PRODUCTS Trina Solar Announces New Frameless Module Trina Solar Limited (NYSE: TSL) (“Trina Solar” or the “Company”), a global leader in photovoltaic modules, solutions, and services, today announced the 60-cell PDG5, the first in Trina Solar’s new line of dual rated frameless modules. The PDG5 is resistant to potential induced degradation (PID) and micro-cracking, and does not require grounding. The PDG5 is optimized for reliable performance under stressful environmental conditions and is among the most durable modules on the market. The PDG5 features front and back layers of special heat-strengthened glass, and is among the first such crystalline silicon (c-Si) modules. By replacing the traditional backsheet materials of conventional solar modules with heat-strengthened glass, the PDG5 provides a heavy-duty solution for environments of high temperature and humidity, conditions that can accelerate performance degradation. The resulting module has increased resistance to microcracking, potential induced degradation (PID), module warping, and degradation from UV rays, sand, alkali, acids and salt mist.

By reducing the module’s glass thickness from the industry standard of 3.2mm to 2.5mm, and applying an antireflective coating to the front glass, transmission is enhanced by an estimated 2.5%. MC4PLUS photovoltaic connectors increase system reliability. Additionally, the modules are designed for higher 1000V IEC and 1000V UL applications, which enables longer installation runs to enable improve cabling, hardware and labor installation costs. Additionally, by eliminating the aluminum frame of conventional modules, grounding requirements are eliminated, which can extend Balance of System (BoS) cost savings for Trina Solar’s customers. The new modules are backed by the Company’s 25-year linear power warranty. “The new PDG5 continues the Company’s commitment to provide better solutions for Trina Solar’s commercial and utility partners,” said Zhiguo Zhu, Module Business Unit President of Trina Solar. “Our customers have expressed significant interests in PDG5 due to its numerous value propositions.”

meet the requirements of both commercial rooftop and utility-scale applications in all major markets. The combination of diverse product offerings and services as well as continued investment in innovative industry first products, clearly demonstrates Trina Solar’s industry leadership and expanding commitment to provide a full range of solar solutions to its partners throughout the value chain. The PDG5 will also be available as part of the Trinamount III DG system, a fastinstalling and non-penetrating PV module and mounting system for flat rooftop applications.

The dual-rated PDG5 has been designed to

Ingeteam Launches A 1 Mw Pv Inverter Ingeteam presents its new INGECON SUN PowerMax central inverter. With a 1 MW AC rated power, this new equipment features an advanced air cooling system, that enables it to provide its 1,019 kW peak power up to 45ºC ambient temperature. Moreover, PowerMax inverters allow now a maximum DC voltage of 1,000 V. These new PV inverters, available for both indoor and outdoor installations, feature a group of radial fans that force air circulation inside the equipment and increase the 74

EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

inverter’s performance. Its DCAC integrated cabinet simplifies the maintenance, as the

main input and output protections are located inside the same cabinet. According to its policy of investing in technological research and development for the renewable energy industry, Ingeteam improves and increases its INGECON SUN PowerMax family, one of the greatest of today’s PV central inverters’ global market. To date, Ingeteam has supplied more than 3 GWp to customers, confirming its position as one of the world’s leading inverter manufacturers.

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PRODUCTS Gefran Radius Central Inverters: Italian Top Technology For Indian Photovoltaic Development Product Range RADIUS offers inverters with range from 10kW to 330kW for commercial and utility-scale applications as well as a Home line with range from 1.5kW to 5kW for residential use.

thanks to Gefran Proprietary Technology . The core component has been derived from the Industrial line AFE200 (Regen Unit Active Front End) for DC/AC power conversion. The long life experience of that component on the Industrial sector represents a guarantee of reliability and durability of Radius central inverters.

(picture 3: APV SYS-T 1600p)

Radius offers all kind of technologies from central inverters to string inverters 3ph and 1ph in order to meet every kind of field application and customer needs from residential to multi MW plants, rooftop or ground mounted. Made in Italy technology, voltage extended up to 1000 VDC, maximum efficiency over 98% and full power up to ambient temperature of 50°C are just some of the defining characteristics of the RADIUS solution.

Gefran Radius Central Inverters Gefran flagship product range is represented by central inverters from 20 to 330 kW (picture 2: APV 330k-XXX-TL4-M) With the smallest footprint of the category, these products have been developed

Thanks to the wide MPPT range and to the highest voltage up to 1000 Vdc, installers can benefit from an absolute flexibility and a free choice of any solar module configuration, even cutting the DC wiring by up to 50% which represents a high cost saving.

plug and play turnkey solution . In addition to inverters line, Radius offers also a full range of accessories and options with DC overvoltage protection, ground fault detection, magnetothermic AC switch, DC input fuses, string boxes with 16 string inputs (picture 4: JBX COM-PWR-16), dataloggers for complete plant monitoring and free plant configurations SW. Gefran offer is completed by a series of equally innovative services, such as design consulting for systems of all sizes, as well as constant customer service guaranteed throughout the world.

Radius inverters are available with and without transformer for galvanic isolation, reaching up to 98,3 % of maximum efficiency in transformerless layout thanks to the innovative MPP tracking developed with Proprietary Gefran know how. Plus are not yet finished because Radius central inverters compete successfully in PV market also with the worst weather and climatic conditions being able to guarantee Full nominal power up to 50° (ambient temperature) without derating. Radius central inverters can be used stand alone or combined in fully integrated modular system solutions reaching powers up to 1,32 MW typically for utility scale applications (picture 3: APV SYS-T 1600p). The integration of high power inverters with MV transformer, MV switchboard and LV auxiliary panel into a compact and easily transportable container generates a complete

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(picture 2: APV 330k-XXX-TL-4-M)

(picture 4: JBX COM-PWR-16) EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

PV Expo 2013

Date: 27Feb-01 Mar, 2013 Place: Tokyo Organiser: Reed Exhibitions Japan Tel.: 81-3-3349-8518 Email: pv@reedexpo.co.jp Web.: http://www.pvexpo.jp/en/

The Solar Future Denmark

SolarEx Istabul

Date: 21-Mar, 2013 Place: Denmark Organiser : Solar Plaza Tel.: 31(0)10 2809 198 Email: s.cruccu@solarplaza.com Web.: http://thesolarfuture.dk/

Date: 11-13 April, 2013 Place: Istabul Organiser: IHLAS FUARCILIK Tel.: 90 212 454 25 03 Email: info@solarexistanbul.com Web.: http://www.solarexistanbul.com/english/

Solarcon China Save Power Show

Date: 02-04 March, 2013 Place: Kerela Organiser: AOJ Media Tel.: 91 99204 50877 Email: rajkapoor@aojmedia.com Web.: http://www.savepowershow.com/

Ecobuild

Date: 05-07 Mar, 2013 Place: London Organiser: UBM Tel.: 44 (0) 20 7560 4466 Email: gary.williams@ubm.com Web.: http://www.ecobuild.co.uk/

Date: 19-21 March, 2013 Place: China Organiser: SEMI Tel.: 49 30 303 080 770 Email: eweller@semi.org Web.: http://www.solarconchina.org/

Indian Solar Investment & Tech Summit Date: 18-19 April, 2013 Place: Gandinagar Organiser: Solar Media Tel.: 44 (0) 207 871 0122 Email: hho@solarmedia.co.uk Web.: http://www.solarsummitindia.com/

6th Solar Indonesia 2013

Date: 3- 5 April, 2013 Place: Jakarta Organiser: CEMS Tel.: 001/212/6344833 Email: contact@cems-solarexpo.com Web.: http://www.cems-solarexpo.com/indonesia/

index.html

7th PV Fab Managers Forum

Date: 10-12 Mar, 2013 Place: Berlin Organiser : SEMI Tel.: +49 30 303080770 Email: sraithel@semi.org Web.: http://www.pvgroup.org/Events/p040664

Green Energy Expo Korea 2013

4th Concentrated Solar Thermal Power Summit

Power & Electricity World Africa

Date: 12-13 Mar, 2013 Place: New Delhi Organiser : CSP Today Tel.: 91-11-4123-4123 Email: matt@csptoday.com Web.: http://www.csptoday.com

Date: 29-30 April, 2013 Place: Bangkok Organiser: Clarion Events Pte Ltd Tel.: 65 6590 3970 Email: info@clarionevents.asia Web.: http://www.cleanpower-asia.com/Aboutus

2nd Annual Solar Market in India 2013

Date: 3- 5 April, 2013 Place: Korea Organiser: Korea Photovoltaic Industry Association Tel.: 82-53-601-5375 Email: pv@exco.co.kr Web.: http://www.energyexpo.co.kr/eng/index.asp

Date: 9-10 April, 2013 Place: South Africa Organiser: Terrapinn Pte Ltd Tel.: 27 (0) 11 516 4015 Email: enquiry.za@terrapinn.com Web.: http://www.terrapinn.com/exhibition/power-

electricity-world-africa/index.stm

Clean Power Asia

Date: 07-08 May, 2013 Place: New Delhi Organiser: IBK Media Tel.: 91 22 25006681 Email: anita.verma@ibkmedia.com Web.: http://www.ibkmedia.com/events

Power Gen India

Date: 06-08 May, 2013 Place: New Delhi Organiser: Inter Ads India Tel.: 91 124 4524232 Email: info@interadsindia.com Web.: http://www.power-genindia.com/index.html

For Listing of your Event : Conference and events are listed free-of-charge, so please feel free to get in touch to tell us about your event. We would also be happy to provide you with free copies of magazine for distribution at your events.(while stock last). Please send your conference information to : Mr. Gourav Garg at gourav.garg@EQmag.net

76Â

EQ INTERNATIONAL January/February 13

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EQ International Magazine Editorial Advisory Board

K Subramanyam Former CEO Tata BP Solar

Thomas wittek Managing Director & CEO Refu Solar Electronics Pvt. Ltd.

Rajesh Bhat Managing Director juwi India Renewable Energies Pvt Ltd

Rabindra Kumar Satpathy President Reliance Solar

Shaji John Chief Solar Initiatives, L&T

G. Kalyan Varma Country Head TUV Rheinland (India) Pvt. Ltd.

Gyanesh Chaudhary Managing Director Vikram Solar Private Limited

Gaurav Sood Managing Director Solairedirect Energy India Pvt Ltd

Ravi Khanna - CEO, Solar Power Business Aditya Birla Group

Shivanand Nimbargi MD & CEO Green Infra Limited

Pashupathy Gopalan Managing Director MEMC-SunEdison

Inderpreet Wadhwa CEO Azure Power

Paulo Soares CFO & Director Inspira Martifer Solar Ltd