INVENTORS AND INNOVATORS GREECE Inventors and inovators

Erasmus+ 2017 – 2019 “Inventors and Innovators, our Heritage and our Future” Freiburg – Germany, 19.03.2018 – 24.03.2018 1st Experimental Lyceum of Thessaloniki “Manolis Andronikos”

Inventors & Innovators Ancient Greek:  Hippocrates  Aristotle  Archimedes  Ctesibius  Heron of Alexandria

Hippocrates

Aristotle

Archimedes

20th century:  George Papanicolaou

Heron of Alexandria

George Papanikolaou

ERASMUS+ INVENTORS AND INNOVATORS: OUR HERITAGE AND OUR FUTURE

Innovations

Antikythera mechanism

Hippocrates  Hippocrates Asclepiades (the descendant of Asclepius, the god of medicine)  460B.C. – 370B.C.  Born in the Aegean island Kos  Father of Medicine frees medicine from magic, superstition and the supernatural  Disease = natural proccess Balance of substances = healthy  Substances in human body: I. Blood II. Mucus III. Yellow/black bile

man Unbalance of substances = mentally & physically ill man

 Hippocratic Corpus: 60 books  Hippocratic Oath, still in use nowadays  “Wherever the art of Medicine is loved, there is also love for Humanity”

ERASMUS+ INVENTORS AND INNOVATORS: OUR HERITAGE AND OUR FUTURE

Hippocratic Corpus

Hippocratic Oath

Island of Kos

Statue of Hippocrates

ERASMUS+ INVENTORS AND INNOVATORS: OUR HERITAGE AND OUR FUTURE

Aristotle  384B.C. – 322B.C.  Born in Stagira, Chalcidice  Studied in Plato’s Academy  Teacher of Alexander the Great  335B.C. establishes the Lyceum  Many hundred of books  “Meteorological”: I. 4 books II. Already existent knowledge + new knowledge III. Physics, chemistry, geometry, geology, optics, seismology, meteorology IV. Studies the universe and the atmosphere

 “Biological”: I. Species, reproduction ways, metabolism, ecosystems II. Great Chain of Being ranks animals over plants according to their senses, reproductive systems and possession of blood

“Educating the mind without educating the heart is no education at all.”

ERASMUS+ INVENTORS AND INNOVATORS: OUR HERITAGE AND OUR FUTURE

The Great Chain of Being Statue of Aristotle

Stagira, Chalcidice

Meteorological

Archimedes  287B.C. – 212B.C.  Born in Syracuse, Sicily  Studied in Alexandria, Egypt  He was: I. Mathematician studied π, tried to count every sand grain on earth, created the myriad II. Engineer set the basis for modern machinery, used III. Inventor gears, his inventions helped in war IV. Astronomer tried to measure Earth’s size and its distance from the sun, and the precise time of one year period

V. Scientist

put forward the law of hydrostatic pressure

buoyancy

 “Give me a place to stand and a lever long enough and I will move the world”

ERASMUS+ INVENTORS AND INNOVATORS: OUR HERITAGE AND OUR FUTURE

Archimedes's statue in Berlin

Archimedes’s book “Psammite”

Syracuse, Sicily

Ctesibius 285–222 BC  Born in Alexandria  Mathematician, inventor  Introduces the science of compressed air and its uses in pumps, works on elasticity of air  “Father of pneumatics”  Pipe organ (hydraulis) first keyboard musical instrument, ancestor of the modern church organ  Hydraulic clock

ERASMUS+ INVENTORS AND INNOVATORS: OUR HERITAGE AND OUR FUTURE

Hydraulic clock

Hydraulis

Alexandria, Egypt

Heron of Alexandria  10AD – 70AD  Mathematician, engineer  Inspired by Ctesibius  Mechanics, physics, pneumatics  Many inventions: I. Automatic doors

based on the properties of air and liquids, used in the temple of Diana in Ephesus II. Aelipile (aelosphere) steam turbine like a tip jet or rocket engine III. Automatic Theater miniature theater of ten minutes length powered by ropes, knots and machines that presented a story automatically

ERASMUS+ INVENTORS AND INNOVATORS: OUR HERITAGE AND OUR FUTURE

Modern reconstruction of the aelosphere

Modern reconstruction of the automatic theater

George Papanicolaou  1883 – 1962  University of Athens: 1904 medical degree  Oceanographic Institute of Monaco  1913 works in the department of Pathology of New York Hospital and the Department of Anatomy at the Cornell Medical College  1928 Pap test: method to detect abnormal cells for early diagnosis of uterine cancer  1961, Miami begins the development of the Papanicolaou Cancer Research Institute at the University of Miami

ERASMUS+ INVENTORS AND INNOVATORS: OUR HERITAGE AND OUR FUTURE

George Papanikolaou

The Papanicolaou Cancer Research Institute at the University of Miami

Antikythera mechanism  Found in a shipwreck in a wooden box  2B.C.  Made of bronze  First portable mechanical astronomical and calendar calculator  Calculated the exact day, month, phase of the moon and alignment of stars on the sky  National Archeological Museum in Athens

ERASMUS+ INVENTORS AND INNOVATORS: OUR HERITAGE AND OUR FUTURE

Exhibit of the mechanism

Island of Antikythera

Every piece of the mechanism

Thank you for your kind attention!!

ERASMUS+ INVENTORS AND INNOVATORS: OUR HERITAGE AND OUR FUTURE