Erasmus+ 2017 – 2019 “Inventors and Innovators, our Heritage and our Future” Freiburg – Germany, 19.03.2018 – 24.03.2018 1st Experimental Lyceum of Thessaloniki “Manolis Andronikos”
Inventors & Innovators Ancient Greek: Hippocrates Aristotle Archimedes Ctesibius Heron of Alexandria
Hippocrates
Aristotle
Archimedes
20th century: George Papanicolaou
Heron of Alexandria
George Papanikolaou
ERASMUS+ INVENTORS AND INNOVATORS: OUR HERITAGE AND OUR FUTURE
Innovations
Antikythera mechanism
Hippocrates Hippocrates Asclepiades (the descendant of Asclepius, the god of medicine) 460B.C. – 370B.C. Born in the Aegean island Kos Father of Medicine frees medicine from magic, superstition and the supernatural Disease = natural proccess Balance of substances = healthy Substances in human body: I. Blood II. Mucus III. Yellow/black bile
man Unbalance of substances = mentally & physically ill man
Hippocratic Corpus: 60 books Hippocratic Oath, still in use nowadays “Wherever the art of Medicine is loved, there is also love for Humanity”
ERASMUS+ INVENTORS AND INNOVATORS: OUR HERITAGE AND OUR FUTURE
Hippocratic Corpus
Hippocratic Oath
Island of Kos
Statue of Hippocrates
ERASMUS+ INVENTORS AND INNOVATORS: OUR HERITAGE AND OUR FUTURE
Aristotle 384B.C. – 322B.C. Born in Stagira, Chalcidice Studied in Plato’s Academy Teacher of Alexander the Great 335B.C. establishes the Lyceum Many hundred of books “Meteorological”: I. 4 books II. Already existent knowledge + new knowledge III. Physics, chemistry, geometry, geology, optics, seismology, meteorology IV. Studies the universe and the atmosphere
“Biological”: I. Species, reproduction ways, metabolism, ecosystems II. Great Chain of Being ranks animals over plants according to their senses, reproductive systems and possession of blood
“Educating the mind without educating the heart is no education at all.” ERASMUS+ INVENTORS AND INNOVATORS: OUR HERITAGE AND OUR FUTURE
The Great Chain of Being Statue of Aristotle
Stagira, Chalcidice
Meteorological
Archimedes 287B.C. – 212B.C. Born in Syracuse, Sicily Studied in Alexandria, Egypt He was: I. Mathematician studied π, tried to count every sand grain on earth, created the myriad II. Engineer set the basis for modern machinery, used III. Inventor gears, his inventions helped in war IV. Astronomer tried to measure Earth’s size and its distance from the sun, and the precise time of one year period
V. Scientist
put forward the law of hydrostatic pressure
buoyancy
“Give me a place to stand and a lever long enough and I will move the world”
ERASMUS+ INVENTORS AND INNOVATORS: OUR HERITAGE AND OUR FUTURE
Archimedes's statue in Berlin
Archimedes’s book “Psammite”
Syracuse, Sicily
Ctesibius 285–222 BC Born in Alexandria Mathematician, inventor Introduces the science of compressed air and its uses in pumps, works on elasticity of air “Father of pneumatics” Pipe organ (hydraulis) first keyboard musical instrument, ancestor of the modern church organ Hydraulic clock
ERASMUS+ INVENTORS AND INNOVATORS: OUR HERITAGE AND OUR FUTURE
Hydraulic clock
Hydraulis
Alexandria, Egypt
Heron of Alexandria 10AD – 70AD Mathematician, engineer Inspired by Ctesibius Mechanics, physics, pneumatics Many inventions: I. Automatic doors
based on the properties of air and liquids, used in the temple of Diana in Ephesus II. Aelipile (aelosphere) steam turbine like a tip jet or rocket engine III. Automatic Theater miniature theater of ten minutes length powered by ropes, knots and machines that presented a story automatically
ERASMUS+ INVENTORS AND INNOVATORS: OUR HERITAGE AND OUR FUTURE
Modern reconstruction of the aelosphere
Modern reconstruction of the automatic theater
George Papanicolaou 1883 – 1962 University of Athens: 1904 medical degree Oceanographic Institute of Monaco 1913 works in the department of Pathology of New York Hospital and the Department of Anatomy at the Cornell Medical College 1928 Pap test: method to detect abnormal cells for early diagnosis of uterine cancer 1961, Miami begins the development of the Papanicolaou Cancer Research Institute at the University of Miami
ERASMUS+ INVENTORS AND INNOVATORS: OUR HERITAGE AND OUR FUTURE
George Papanikolaou
The Papanicolaou Cancer Research Institute at the University of Miami
Antikythera mechanism Found in a shipwreck in a wooden box 2B.C. Made of bronze First portable mechanical astronomical and calendar calculator Calculated the exact day, month, phase of the moon and alignment of stars on the sky National Archeological Museum in Athens
ERASMUS+ INVENTORS AND INNOVATORS: OUR HERITAGE AND OUR FUTURE
Exhibit of the mechanism
Island of Antikythera
Every piece of the mechanism
Thank you for your kind attention!!
ERASMUS+ INVENTORS AND INNOVATORS: OUR HERITAGE AND OUR FUTURE