Eric Bethany M.Arch Portfolio by Eric Bethany

ERICBETHANY M.ARCH PORTFOLIO

TULANE SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE CLASS OF 2015

BIO

I grew up in Charleston, South Carolina surfing, camping, playing basketball, reading, writing, cooking, and building Lego models (mostly Star Wars). I planned to go to college for journalism, but decided at the last minute to go to architecture school and work with my hands instead. I still love to research and write, and have found ways to combine that with my architectural work (see Journalism, p 54). More recently, I have developed deep passions for travelling and photography: while at Tulane I have backpacked through Europe and into Africa and Asia, always with my cameras. You can see some of the resulting work in Marketecture (p 22) and Photographic Work (p 58). I love to explore new environments and meet new people, and to investigate how architecture relates how environments and people come together. Having lived in threatened coastal areas my entire life, I have come to believe that the intersections between our built environment and rising water levels are a critical area of focus for architects today, and I have located my recent projects within this area of interest (Catalyzing Aquatic Architecture, p 06; Amphibious Landscapes, p 14). Thank you for taking the time to look at my work, and I hope we get the chance to meet in person soon.

CONTENTS RESUMÉ 04

[IN PROGRESS] CATLYZING AQUATIC ARCHITECTURE 06 BYWATER AQUATIC CENTER 10 AMPHIBIOUS LANDSCAPES 14 URBANBUILD09 18 MARKETECTURE 22 NEW ORLEANS DANCE ACADEMY 26 MADISONVILLE BOAT BUILDING SCHOOL 30 BURNETTE RESIDENCE CASE STUDY 34 KTLST BRANDING PROJECT 38 BEACH PAVILION 42 STALACTITE STAIR 46 EXPOSITION CASE 50 JOURNALISM 54 PHOTOGRAPHIC WORK 58

RESUMĂ&#x2030;

ebethany@gmail.com

ERIC M. BETHANY EDUCATION

2010-2015 SPRING 2014

Tulane University School of Architecture (New Orleans, USA) Masters of Architecture ONE Lab Prague (Prague, Czech Republic) Architectural Institue in Prague in collaboration with Terreform ONE (New York)

TECHNICAL SKILLS Adobe Creative Suite - Acrobat Pro, Photoshop, Illustrator, InDesign Modelling + Visualization Software - AutoCad Architecture, Maya, Revit, Rhino 5.0, Google Sketchup, Grasshopper, VRay Physical Modelling + Visualization - Proficient with lasercutters, 3D printers (ZCorp and Ultimaker), photography (manual + digital), hand sketching, screenprinting

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE 2012-2013 SUMMER 2013 FALL 2013 SPRING 2014 SUMMER 2014

Tulane University School of Architecture (New Orleans, USA) Digital Technology Assistant, Digital Output Lab Byers Design Group (Charleston, USA) Intern Architect Tulane University School of Architecture (New Orleans, USA) Teaching Assistant, Digital Media The Charrette (architecture school publication) (New Orleans, USA) Writing Staff John W. Lawrence Travel Research Fellowship Marketecture: The Architecture of Street Markets Graphic analysis of market architecture in Turkey, Italy, France, Spain, and Morocco, resulting in graphic document and lecture Kennedy Design Studio (Charleston, USA) Intern Architect

FALL 2014 FALL 2014 - SPRING 2015

Ammar Eloueini Digit-all Studio (New Orleans, USA) Week long design charrette for local project Tulane University School of Architecture (New Orleans, USA) Teaching Assistant, First Year Architecture Studio Tulane City Center (New Orleans, USA) Louisiana Endowment for the Humanities, Louisiana Revealed Initiative Graphic Design/ Marketing Material Development The Charrette (architecture school publication) (New Orleans, USA) Editor-in-Chief (underway) Masters of Architecture Thesis Catalyzing Aquatic Urbanism: A Floating Intervention in the Makoko Waterfront Community, Lagos, Nigeria

INSTALLATIONS FALL 2011

Architectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Week 2011 (New Orleans, USA) One-week team design + build project

FALL 2011

VOODOO Pavilion Competition One-week team design competition for music festival pavilion

SUMMER 2014

FALL 2014

Bellastock Waterworld (Paris, France) Four-day design-build festival: teams of five used provided kit of parts to contruct projects that doubled as floating platforms during the day and on-land sleeping quarters at night. Only non-mechanical connections were permitted so that all materials could be collected and re-used after festivalâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s completion. Parking Day NOLA (New Orleans, USA) Participated in assembly of parking space pavilion in downtown New Orleans as part of eight-team design event

[IN PROGRESS] CATALYZING AQUATIC ARCHITECTURE YEAR 5 // PROFESSOR CORDULA ROSER-GRAY

A. water taxi platform modules with integrated canopy

B. Site infographic showing development, movement, and amenity distribution around Lagos Lagoon waterfront C. Concept diagram illustrating goal to connect Makoko to Lagos via a prototypical water taxi platform D. Diagram showing potential multiplication of platforms underneath Third Mainland Bridge E. World map depicting major aquatic slums in developing countries F. Water taxi platform plan, with market wings and canopy depicted G. Exterior rendering of intervention from lagoon showing water taxi platform and market wing

G 09

BYWATER AQUATIC CENTER YEAR 5 SEMESTER 1 // PROFESSOR AMMAR ELOUEINI COLLABORATION WITH JAKE GAMBERG Initial observations and analysis revealed a large and complex program array coupled with a site showing consistent deviation in distribution and orientation of masses from the underlying residential grid of the Bywater - a site lacking a dominant organizing element. Instead of attempting to contain disparate program elements within a single container, the proposed solution extends the destabilized massing of the surrounding context. The result is a smoother visual and spatial transition between context and intervention, and potential for an infinite number of unique sequential experiences. Unification of individual elements is achieved by the elevated ground plane, which provides covered pathways and niches below and a programmable surface above. A diverse material palette reflects the multiplicity of textures and colors present in the existing residential and industrial structures adjacent to the site.

A. view looking north towards hotel from exterior adult pool B. perspective vignettes illustrating variable experiential sequence created by non-prescriptive program distribution

C. Site section cutting through residential context, aquatic center, floodwall, abandoned buildings, and industrial canal, with St. Claude bridge and hotel mass in background D. Final model (and partner) E. Massing iterations showing repeated attemptes to unify dispersed program elements F. Program distribution diagram G. Circulation diagram H. Ground flood plan

DEMATERIALIZED MASSES UNITED BY ELEVATED PLANE + CENTRAL CUT

DEMATERIALIZED MASSES UNITED BY + EMBEDDED INTO ELEVATED PLANE; EMPHASIS ON CONTEXTUALLY-AWARE FRONT FACADE; PARKING ALONG BACK EDGE

MASSING GRADIENT: HOTEL + AQUATIC CENTER “ATTRACTORS” + SPARSE MIDDLE ZONE (”COURTYARD”)

DEMATERIALIZED MASSES UNITED BY ELEVATED GROUND PLANE; PARKING UNDERNEATH

MAXIMUM PROGRAM DEMATERIALIZATION + GRADIENT

STRIATED PROGRAM BARS

THREADED ATHLETIC TRACK + AQUATIC RING + CENTRAL “COURTYARD”

DISINTEGRATING PROGRAM CONTAINERS

THREADED ATHLETIC TRACK + PROGRAM CONTAINERS

THREADED ATHLETIC TRACK + AQUATIC RING + CANAL CONNECTION

THREADED ATHLETIC TRACK / PROGRAM COLLISIONS 02

THREADED ATHLETIC TRACK + AQUATIC RING

CONTEXT-SCALED MASSES UNITED BY MESH CANOPY

THREADED ATHLETIC TRACK / PROGRAM COLLISIONS

PROGRAM DISTRIBUTION

PROCESS ITERATIONS: creating unity between dematerialized elements

AQUATIC CENTER

HOTEL

ADMIN

PARKING

SPA

RESTAURANT

DAYCARE

RETAIL

H 13

AMPHIBIOUS LANDSCAPES YEAR 4/ SEMESTER 2 // PROFESSOR ADAM VUKMANOV COLLABORATION WITH BEN JAMES AND CELIA MELLEM The Spring 2014 ONELab Prague studio was the first in an ongoing series of design research studios investigating the intersection of rising water levels and architecture, with a focus on digital parametric design tools. After a month spent learning Maya and Grasshopper softwares and investigating aquatic morphologies, students were tasked with developing a speculative solution for a private art museum located on an island on Prague’s Vltava River that experiences costly water damage each flood season. Our team’s solution was to replace low-lying land with mangrove vegetation, which has natural flood-mitigation properties, and create a multi-level pathway system that links important nodes on the island during times of high water, while also incorporating a number of ecomechanical devices derived from the mangrove tree’s form in an effort to improve water quality and generate power for the island.

A. pathways and Kampa museum, typical water level B. pathways and Kampa museum, 100-year flood C. site section showing multilevel pathways, artificial mangroves, and ecomechanical interventions

D. 3D printing final model E. final model: CNC-milled foam topography, paper and wire pathways, projected mangrove topography, and 3D-printed museum addition F. site diagram: Kampa Island in the center of Prague, where tourism, arts and culture, and recreational activities all intersect G. final model detail H. site plan showing proposed mangrove topography and pathway system I. building plan showing existing Kampa Art Museum, and proposed addition and flood pathways

URBANBUILD 09 YEAR 4/ SEMESTER 1 // PROFESSOR BYRON MOUTON The fall of 2013 was spent working as part of a team of 16 graduate and undergraduate students on the design of UrbanBuild 9, a single-family residence located in the Central City area of New Orleans, to be built in the following semester. After several weeks working in pairs to arrive at one scheme to eventually build, students were divided into teams to work on specific parts of the project. Myself and three others were tasked with developing the facades of the project. The following two months were spent devising, modelling (physically and digitally), and revising facade strategies, resulting in a large number of iterative drawings that cleary show the development of the facade. The opportunity to study in Prague on a full scholarship prevented me from participating in the build semester, but the resulting house bears close resemblance to the images that were developed in the fall.

A. URBANBuild studio: process sketches, models, and material samples

B. Midterm design proposal: living room interior, looking towards porch and kitchen C. Midterm design proposal: diagrammatic 3D model showing interior spaces D. Completed URBANBuild 09, Spring 2014 BELOW: post-midterm facade studies, showing progression to operable screen system presented at final review

MARKETECTURE: THE ARCHITECTURE OF STREET MARKETS SUMMER/FALL 2014 // INDEPENDENT RESEARCH Over the course of a month and a half during the summer of 2014, I visited twenty markets in thirteen cities in Turkey, Italy, France, Spain, and Morocco. On-site observational research and visual documentation was used to develop a system of comparison based on architectural features common throughout the markets. This analysis was formatted into a series of icon-based â&#x20AC;&#x153;formulasâ&#x20AC;? of architectural characteristics as well as diagrammed photographs. The research was presented to students and faculty on October 13, 2014 at the Tulane School of Architecture in New Orleans, Louisiana.

JOHN

A. lecture poster showing fish market in Essaouira, Morocco, one of twenty markets visited during the travel research fellowship

MARKETECTURE

N WILLIAM LAWRENCE RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP LECTURE

THE ARCHITECTURE OF STREET MARKETS

ERIC BETHANY, TSA 2015

OCTOBER 13 6:00 PM

RICHARDSON MEMORIAL HALL RM 204

1000 FT

CAMPO DE

FIORI 1869

B-I

B-I. Lecture slides illustrating process of abstracting market properties into easily communicated architectural characteristics J. Characteristic index of markets visited during reseach fellowship K. Map showing cities visited

SPICE BAZAAR

MERCATO ORIENTALE

GRAND BAZAAR

MARCHE PROVENCAL

CAMPO DE FIORI

NOTRE DAME

PORTA PORTESE

MARCHES PASSAGES

MERCATO CENTRALE

LA BOQUERIA

MERCATO S.AMBROGIO

MERCAT S.CATERINA

MERCATO NUOVO

MERCADO S.ANTON

MERCATO RAGIONE

MERCADO S.MIGUEL

MERCATO RIALTO

ESSAOUIRA SOUQS

GALLERIA V.E.II

MARRAKECH

SOUQS

09 06 04

05 07 03 08 02 10

01 ISTANBUL 02 ROME 03 FLORENCE 04 PADUA 05 VENICE 06 MILAN 07 GENOA 08 ANTIBES 09 PARIS 10 BARCELONA 11 MADRID 12 MARRAKECH 13 ESSAOUIRA

NEW ORLEANS DANCE ACADEMY YEAR 3/ SEMESTER 2 // PROFESSOR ANDREW LILES The second semester of the third year at TSA is the integrated studio, in which structural, mechanical, and code-specific issues are the focus. This project, set in the warehous district of new orleans, attempts to reconcile vast differences in contextual typologies while providing a provocative setting for performances. Formally, the project features an angular performance volume encased in an orthogonal mass that contains support and secondary program.

A-B. concept diagrams tracking movement of dancers in Wayne McGregorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s FAR, created by overlaying video stills taken at onesecond intervals and measuring displacement between frames C. nighttime exterior view of project showing interior performance volume

I D. Detailed wall section E-H. Connection details I. Third floor plan showing central black box theater surrounded by open dance studios J. Second flood plan showing central performance volume BELOW: investigating indigenous materials and forms through photography

MADISONVILLE BOATBUILDING SCHOOL YEAR 3/ SEMESTER 1 // PROFESSOR BRUCE GOODWIN A proposal for a boat building school on the banks of the Tchefuncte River in Madisonville, Louisiana, an hour north of New Orleans. The project draws inspiration from the historic context of the site and the tactile and visual experience of shipbuilding. In an effort to create harmony with its natural surroundings, the building favors passive lighting and ventilation strategies over active systems, and features materials that reflect those found in the nearby terrain. The designâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s organizational strategies are intended to blur the line between interior and exterior.

A. model detail of boat construction area canopy structure

B. Exploded axonmentric of digital structural model C. Exterior rendering looking towards entrance D. Model detail, boat building area wall and canopy structure E. Final model

BURNETTE RESIDENCE CASE STUDY YEAR 3/ SEMESTER 1 // PROFESSOR BRUCE GOODWIN In-depth analysis of the technical drawings of the Burnette residence (Phoenix, Arizona; Wendell Burnette Architects) resulted in a series of hand-drawn reproductions of floorplans and detail drawings that were then illustrated digitally to create diagrams that illustrate the conceptual and technical characteristics of the project. The project emphasized the identification and understanding of structural strategies and material choices that perform both pragmatic and aesthetic functions.

A. diagram of glass-masonry connection detail typical in the Burnette residence (Wendell Burnette Architects, Phoenix, 1996)

B. Plan diagram highlighting longitudinal transparency and transverse opacity C. Plan diagram showing enclosure created by masonry planes D. Plan diagram showing formal arrangement of two enclosed volumes connected by an implied exterior volume E. Final board

KTLST BRANDING PROJECT YEAR 3/ SEMESTER 1 // PROFESSOR JENNIFER PELC COLLABORATION WITH JAKE GAMBERG AND RYAN KILPATRICK This project, completed as part of a third-year professional concerns course, featured the development of a cohesive marketing package for a hypothetical design firm that included branding strategies, a business plan and a business model. These items were presented along with t-shirts with screen-printed logos in a hand-made box. The hands-on approach to the project reflected the ethos of the hypothetical firm. Within the three-person project team, my role was to aid in the development of the firmâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s visual and professional identity, and to develop the business plan and model. My partners built the box and the screen-printing equipment and printed the shirts.

A. KTLST marketing package: handmade box with pull-out shelf for business model and lower compartment for screenprinted shirts and business cards

B-C. Graphics from business plan document illustrating firm organization and methodology D. Logotype iterations E. Screenprinting process shot

BEACH PAVILION YEAR 2/ SEMESTER 2 // PROFESSOR THADDEUS ZARSE As part of a second-year digital media class, the pavilion was created as a refuge for sunburnt and tired beach-goers. The contours of the pavilion create a varied array of comfortable seating positions, while the structure provides shade and allows the cooling sea breeze to pass through.

A. beach pavilion model: lasercut basswood planes aligned to show curvilinear form

B. Concept sketch C. Conceptual rendering D. Final model components and nesting for digital fabrication E-F. Final model

cutting te 17

15 16 20 14

23 24 22 26

22 4

23 3

19 7

11 6

9 1

cutting templates

STALACTITE STAIR YEAR 2/ SEMESTER 2 // PROFESSOR THADDEUS ZARSE This stair provides a complelling spatial experience as well as a means of vertical circulation, taking inspiration from the form of natural mineral deposits found in caves. The project was completed as part of a second-year digital media class as an introduction to three-dimensional modelling and rendeing programs.

A. exterior view of stair

B. Conceptual interior rendering C. Plan D-E. Sections

EXPOSITION CASE YEAR 1/ SEMESTER 2 // PROFESSOR TIFFANY LIN A case for a found object (for this project, an antique revolving desk calendar) mimics the objectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s intrincsic characteristics. Thoughtfully orchestrated variation in depth and repititious surface details reflect the procession of time, and a subtle curve in the side of the case references the objectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s rotational movement. The object itself sits at the intersection of horizontal and vertical axes in order to create a visual starting point for the observer.

A-B. final museumboard exposition case model, with found object in position

C-D. Museumboard process model, all friction connections E. Animated serial sections of final exposition case F. Final exposition case elevation, hand drafted

JOURNALISM: theCharrette TSAâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Student-Run Publication 2013 - 2014 Contributing Writer 2014 - 2015 Editor-in-Chief Working as Editor-in-Chief of the Charrette has been one of my biggest learning experiences. The job comes with practical demands - developing and presenting funding proposals, organizing and leading meetings, communicating with printers, buying materials, etc. - but it has also been a lesson in managing a team: delegating work according to the strengths of team members, making sure everyone is working well together, and - most challenging of all - motivating already busy architecture students to contribute their time and energy to an optional endeavor. The Charrette was fairly dormant the year before I took over, and weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve accomplished a lot towards rebuilding momentum and increasing awareness and participation. Aside from practical tasks, my efforts in the last year went mainly towards developing the graphic identity and visual communications for the Charrette (logo, posters, etc.), as well as the layout for the October issue.

A-B. Charrette team screenprinting posters in anticipation of relase of October 2014 issue - students from all years working together and sharing skills and knowledge to reach a common goal

Beggers Point | Portland, OREGON Frederiksberg, DENMARK

with bicycle modal shares, the perLast year, bicycles outsold aucentage of travelers using bicycles tomobiles in twenty-five of the for transport, around 26% and twenty-seven member countries of the European Union. As car sales 38%. In these cities, local government have recognized the value of in Europe reached a twenty-year investing in bike lanes and paths; low, consumers in parts of Europe were buying bikes over cars at rates they have created reserved “bicycle highways” that allow commuters to of up to five-to-one. Europe is not enter cities from outlying suburban the only one with a new affinity areas on paved paths. for two-wheeled transportation; BIKE in theMAP U.S., | New Orleans, LOUISIANA “Last year, bicycles Australian architect, professor, and the numoutsold automobiles ber of bike avid cyclist Steven Fleming bein twenty-five of the trips taken lieves that most cities are already twenty-seven countries by 16-34 capable of a large-scale transition to cycle-centric transportation, in the European Union.” year olds given the support and resources. increased Fleming’s theory, as explained in by 24% in the last decade. People his book Cycle Space: Architecture increasingly choose bicycles over and Urban Design in the Age of the cars, and this trend has not gone unnoticed by designers. As bicycles Bicycle, proposes that as cities transition from manufacturing-based prove a more prevalent and preto service-based economies, net- water feature. The dual ramps allow ferred method of transport, archia central These projects represent large-scale incorporaworks of unused brownfield tects and designers choosing forsites both walking and riding, but are intended tion of are cycling into a to mobile network of a city, and former industrial incorporate two-wheeled transport considering for visitors to ascend to the roof of the pavilion but how are designers bicycles in transportation networks remain. He and suggests into both their projects the scale? mount one of 1,500 donated city cruisers; projects of and a smaller In order to thrust thatas these sites could be converted evolving urban fabric.into the mainstream after, they can ride gently down the ramp to the bicycles the modernists into viground level, exit, and pedal to the other pavilof the early twentieth century did for“...Former cars, Flem- industrial It is now a documented trend ions at the expo. The pavilion is conceptually ing proposes that today’sbrant, architects consider transportation networks green that global populations are same mov- way that and formally driven to facilitate and glorify bibicycles in the Le Corbusier emcorridors ing back intobraced the city,cruise and in the airplanes, remain thatcycle could be transportation ships, and automobiles. for cyclists process chasing new jobs, enter- firms converted into vibrant, as both an environ- “The pavilion is conceptually, In Europe, architecture like Bjarke Ingels and pedestainment, andGroup modern amenities. mentally responsible formally, and organization(BIG) have been designing with bicycles green corridors for cyones New urban densities more ally driven to facilitate and and experientially in mind require for years. Based intrians, Copenhagen, Bjarke clists and pedestrians... ” that are efficient and Ingels eco-friendly glorify bicycle transportaprofound method and hismodes team are acutely aware of the loremoved of transport—more people choose of conveyance. In gistical, formal, and organizational implications tion...” dangers of conventional public transportation, their feet,that or fromofthe the U.S., KGP Design bicycle-mount“Fleming proposes roads. Designers in New Orleans, bicycles to get from A to B, rather Studio in Washington, D.C. has created several architects of today consider ed occupants, whether they are aware of Flemthan waste time and money sitworks of cycle-oriented design, most notably and have applied bicycles in the same way that ing’sthis research or not, are already ting on clogged freeways. Bicycles the Union Station Bicycle Transit Center in the knowledge Le Corbusier embraced cruise putting ideas into practice. compromise the autonomy and nation’s capital, which features a bicycle-inandthese experience Harbour airplanes, and the automoTwo with projects, the Lafitte Corridor freedom ships, provided by a car with spired form and material palette. success in a ” Connection the Reinventing efficiencybiles... and cleanliness of mass numberand of their the Crescent currently transit or walking. Local Orleans seems poised for a breakthrough projects. In bicycle their 2008 housing project initiative, 8-House, areNew working to connect advocacy groups unite andwere mobifor bicycle transportation. The local cyclist comgentle slopes used to allow cyclists to and revitalize of the city’s dormant post- has grown from a counterculture movelize growing bicycle munity ascend communities all ten floors of thepieces building with ease, industrial until governments take notice and housing mentlinear to include more mainstream riders; they with the front of each unit landscape facing this to create greenways that isprovide safe implement bicycle-oriented legisareroutes represented by several advocacy groups, common path. In 2010 BIG created what for bicycle commuters, lature and infrastructure. Currently, most notably Bike Easy. Founded in 2003, recognized as the purest expression of bicycle- among otherthe programs. cities such asoriented Copenhagen and Bike Easy works to promote bicycle safety and architecture to date, Danish pavilAmsterdam serve asthe theShanghai models for education in New Orleans by providing guides, ion for EXPO 2010. The pavilion functional urban bicycle centers, maps, and communication channels. featured a double helix of ramps curled around

They sponsor regular events, such as their annual bicycle second line, and are active at many local events, most recently providing a bicycle valet services at the 2013 Crescent City Blues and BBQ Festival. Bike Easy’s efforts have resulted in drastic improvements to local bicycle infrastructure, recognition for the city by the League of American Cyclists, and a strong image for cycling in the city. Their annual Bike Map and Guide to Safe Cycling, as well as their interactive Incident Map, prove invaluable tools for local cyclists. The presence of a strong advocacy group, coupled with promising new projects such as the Lafitte Corridor Connection and Reinventing the Crescent, points to a bright future for New Orleans as a leader among U.S. cities with high bicycle modal shares.

REINVENTING

THE WHEEL

of Anzio | Lazio, ITALY

ERIC BETHANY

BYWATER | New Orleans, LOUISIANA

34 36 38 40

Thames Flood Barrier | Newham, ENGLAND

Oosterscheldekering | NETHERLANDS After researching the city. Kuala Lumpur has an enortopic of flooding and rising water mous, three-level tunnel whose levels, it is hard to ignore the urge roadways can be closed to allow to take to the nearest street cor- the entire tunnel to flood and ner with a poster and a bullhorn save the downtown area from and start shouting doomsday flash floods. The Dutch built a prophecies. The numbers don’t two-part gate - each part the size lie: in 2013 alone, devastating of the Eiffel Tower on its side - to water. The preservation of that connection part of a 2010 protect Rotterdam. Each of these floods occurred in almost “Rising every Currents,” was paramount to the design team out of Modern Art exhibition (predat- projmonumental infrastructure region of the world,Museum causing of bilrespect for the historical importance the ingthousands Sandy by more two years),ascalls ectsthan are successful flood prolions in damage and water has held as the economic and social a drastic change to the of tection, butarticulation they also “Each of fatalities. While for underdevelof these monheart of the community. By partnering the edge of Manhattan - namely, shift capitala reoped regions experienced the have high withinfrastruclocal schools and outreach initiatives, from abrupt, “hard” edges of wharves, umental heaviest losses of life and prop- quirements, constant projects are to encourage new genthe project seeks docks, and concrete embankments to a ture and successful as flood erty, countries like the United maintenance, erations to respect and treasure the watergraduated and “soft” edge of porous orStates, Argentina, and Germany inevitably cause en- protection, but they front. In the same way that levees in New ganic material modeled after the wetland also suffered. Many experts point vironmental damage. also have highare capiboth essential flood protection vegetation that once filled New York’s har- Orleans They are almost guarto development asbor. theThis reason devices and places green barrier would extend into tal requirments... ” for social interaction, to become ob- of SCAPE Studio hopes that their vision of the floods are more frequent and streets, de- anteed the city’s increasing the amount solete at some point structive; deforestation, land subStaten Island waterfront could become an public park space in the city, as wellinas imthe future. For this reason, sidence, and poor proving drainagethe aredrainage engine for social and educational progress, performance of the many forward-thinking architects and all products of human as well as protection from rising waters. city’sdevelopstreets, which in their current form planners are approaching the ment, and they readserve like anonly ingreIn addition to design professionals, to encourage water to spread in new in search students of dient list for a catastrophic floods. problem around the world are attempting into the ways city. By “By combining three outsustainable, efficient, and In Louisiana, flooding is a part of more zones- marshes, wet- combining three zones to create a more harmonious relationship methods for mitilife; levees are so ubiquitous that longer-lasting between water and developed land. The - tidal salt marshes, lands and parks, the the effects of flooding. Jacques Rougerie Foundation, named for it is easy to forget that they exist gating freshwater wetlands, project aims to mitipeople who have to keep the country’s largest river the French architect/oceanographer, holds andMost a network of parks gate flooding.” anyproject seriousaims amount from picking a new path through spent an annual speculative competition, with a - the to of time category in architecture adapted to rising mitigate storm Orleans are surge familiar with New Orleans’ Garden District. in New water. Last year’s laureates in this category flooding. Architectural Research Office bethe love/hate relationship Countries like the and Netherlands created a sustainable system for deploydesigners ZimpleRiver and tween the new Mississippi have also adapted to(the living under behind ing mangrove trees - coastal plants known Residence at Tulane) continues to pur“There is no shortthe Crescent City. The city was constant threat for their flood-mitigation abilities - along rising waterbuilt levels their research, age of impressive oninnatural levees created by of sueinundation coastlines in need of increased flood proafter centuries efforts such Governordistribuman-made structures and especially of assediment have develtection. brings projects like designed to keep the opedCuomo’s tion. Over time, the river was consome of plan, the which It is clear that flooding and rising “Rising closerand to becoming water out.” controlled awith manworld’s mostCurrents” ad- tained water levels are going to become a central reality. vanced infrastruc- made devices, and the swampy issue in the years to come, and the inteAnotherareas firm outside that exhibited the cityat center were tural projects to keep their coungration of sustainable flood-mitigation same Museum of Modern out Art andshow developed. try safe. There is nothe shortage of pumped infrastructure into developed areas may in 2010, SCAPE Now, Studio, conducted an thehas Army Corp of Engineers impressive man-made structures likely prove to be the best solution. All of immense amount of research on the topic designed to keep the water out. fights a constant battle against a of rising water levels and flooding, leading these projects feature an interdisciplinary The Venetian government has mechanized river that threatens approach to design resulting in a comto several speculative proposals for new spent the last ten years and near- to breach the levees and flood prehensive and innovative solution to a waterfronts in and around New York City. ly $7 billion building a system of the city. common problem. While these theories The “living breakwaters” project proposes massive gates to to protect their have yet to be applied to New Orleans, it is transform the coastline of Staten Island not difficult to imagine how they might be into an expansive ecological buffer zone highly effective. A shift from flood control that reduces the effects of storm surge. to controlled flooding - and the creation of This buffer zone extends from inland new, floodable landscapes - represents an across coastal FDR Drive post Hurricane floodplains Sandy | New York,the NEW YORKedge and exciting opportunity for designers seekout to navigational channels; a layered system of tidal flats, protective vegetation, ing to serve the community through their projects. Hopefully, it will not take a major and natural breakwaters provide not only disaster for such proposals to become a effective flood protection, but also enreality. hance the community’s connection to the

Calcutta’s case is an anomaly; in many other major urban centers, cyclist populations are growing and flourishing, and architects, designers, and urban planners pride themselves on recognizing and embracing these rising trends. They have started to consider bicycle infrastructure not as supplementary features in their projects, but as guiding principles or primary inspira“As fuel prices continue tion for their to rise and global climate work. As fuel prices contin- change becomes more apue to rise and parent, it is likely that the bicycle will occupy a promiglobal climate change nent position among modes becomes of transport.” more apparent, it is likely that the bicycle will occupy a prominent position among modes of transport; as a result, design projects of all scales will need to accommodate cyclists and their equipment. In Steven Fleming’s vision, designer bicycles will take the place of luxury cars as enviable material possessions, and cities will be threaded with a network of green mobility corridors. Post-industrial cities like New Orleans are primed for such a transition; it is the job of advocacy groups like Bike Easy, local governments, and architects and designers to facilitate the change.

68 1012

However, not everyone views the bicycle as the answer to changing transportation needs. Calcutta, India, one of the world’s largest cities, recently banned cyclists from using many of the city’s major thoroughfares during the day. In a city where around 2.5 million bicycle trips are made per day, this means thousands of people must risk arrest to get to work or go home. Officials claim that city’s infrastructure is overwhelmed by the myriad of vehicles that descend upon it every day, and that removing cyclists from roads will increase safety and decrease congestion. However, the sheer number of cyclists makes the law

LOCATING THE ROLE OF BICYCLES IN TODAY’S CITIES

hard to enforce, and many riders simply ignore the law.

Green Barrier Design | New York, NEW YORK

ERIC BETHANY

BEFORE THE LEVEES BREAK: designing for flooding

The Dutch followed a similar path in the development of their country, leading eventually to the construction of an ingenious network of dikes and floodgates. Recently, however, the Dutch have begun to follow a different tactic: instead of constantly building, rebuilding, and repairing structures to prevent flooding, they are now allowing certain areas to flood in order to keep the water out of more populated areas. Those who owned property in the new floodplains were forced to relocate, but were given financial assistance by the Dutch government. Relinquishing a certain amount of control over the river by allowing it to move more freely resulted in enhanced protection where it was most needed. Controlled flooding is not a new idea; Louisiana has near-identical systems in place at locations like the Morganza Spillway. During the 2011 Mississippi River floods, the spillway gates were opened, flooding three million acres of rural Louisiana, but critically relieving pressure on Baton Rouge and New Orleans. What is a new idea - and a hot topic for forward-

Seattle Space Neede | LEGO

LEGO TimeLine | Eric BETHANY 2005: LEGO Group sells 1932: Ole Kirk Kristiansen majority stake of LEGOLAND 1970: Company 1952: Company founds LEGO Group (”LEGO” theme parks; company has reaches 1,000 expands, first LEGO from Danish “leg grodt” or less than 5,000 employees employees plant constructed “play well”); company has 6 1996: LEGO.com employees and makes home goods and wooden toys launched 2014: LEGO Mo vie 1946: LEGO Group 1960: Wooden toy 1982: Company release d, ea rns purchases their first warehouse burns; 1998: Company production shifts to celebrates 50-year over $400 million plastic injectionrrecords first plastic-only anniversary worldwide molding machine deficits

LEGO 1930

2000: Deal with Warner Bros. to launch LEGO Br Harry Potter series

1940

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The World’s Greatest Toy 1960

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1961: First 1973: LEGO 1948: LEGO North logotype estabGroup has 50 American lished employees sales 1968: LEGOLAND 1942: LEGO workshop Billund opens; comin Billund, Denmark pany buys first burns down; OKK computer rebuilds and production resumes 1958: Modern studand-tube LEGO brick introduced

LEFT: Selected posters and graphic design work, 2014-2015 RIGHT: Contributed articles, 2013 and 2014 issues

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2004: Major deficits recorded

2017: LEGO 1999: LEGOLAND Movie sequel California opens; LEGO Califor planned Star Wars series W launched 1994: Company has 2011: LEGOLAND employ- In terms nearly 9,000 employ Florida opens Lego bricks are of quantity, ees far and away the best-selling toy of all time,

with more than 550 billion sold as of last year. Generations grown up with the toy, 2007: Newhave leadership sometimes the same sets down to and majorpassing restructurkidsing andbring grandkids. LEGOLAND themeparks first profits in millions a decadeof visitors every year, and entertain this year’s LEGO Movie made over $400 million, with a sequel planned for release in

thinking architects and designers around the world - is the idea of designing a landscape that treats rising waters as an opportunity for environmental improvement and social interaction. Hurricane Sandy was the secondcostliest hurricane in United States history and a huge wake-up call for designers and planners in New York and the surrounding region. As part of the recovery process, New York Governor Andrew Cuomo has implemented a $17 billion plan to prepare the state for “Hurricane Sandy future storms, and a was...a huge wake up major component of call for designers and that plan deals with planners in New York.” the reconstruction of New York’s coastlines in a way that combines natural flood-protection strategies with public green spaces. Dating back to 2010, several New York-based architectural offices have conducted research and speculative projects on this topic, and two stand out for their relevance and potential for swift deployment: Architecture Research Office’s “Rising Currents” project, and SCAPE Studio’s “living breakwaters.”

24 26 ERIC BETHANY

2017. These staggering numbers become even more impressive when one considers the Danish company’s modest beginnings in the wake of the Great Depression, as well as the fact that the company almost went bankrupt as it entered the 21st century. The timeline below contains the most significant dates in the history of the world’s third-largest toy maker, which turns 82 this year.

PHOTOGRAPHIC WORK 2010 - 2015 // DIGITAL + MANUAL (FULL FRAME + MEDIUM FORMAT) Working as Editor-in-Chief of the Charrette has been one of my biggest learning experiences. The job comes with practical demands - developing and presenting funding proposals, organizing and leading meetings, communicating with printers, buying materials, etc. - but it has also been a lesson in managing a team: delegating work according to the strengths of team members, making sure everyone is working well together, and - most challenging of all - motivating already busy architecture students to contribute their time and energy to an optional endeavor. The Charrette was fairly dormant the year before I took over, and weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve accomplished a lot towards rebuilding momentum and increasing awareness and participation. Aside from practical tasks, my efforts in the last year went mainly towards developing the graphic identity and visual communications for the Charrette (logo, posters, etc.), as well as the layout for the October issue.

NEW ORLEANS, USA Long exposures taken with a Nikon D50 + 18-200mm lens, edited and overlaid in Photoshop

KARLSTEJN, CZ (2014) Daytime exposure taken with a Holga FN 120 on Kodak Tri-X 120 film

PERUGIA, IT (2012) Daytime exposure taken with a Canon AE-1 Program on Fujifilm Superia 800 speed film

STILL LIFE (2013) Taken with Canon AE-1 Program on Kodak Gold 200 speed film, scanned and post-processed in Photoshop

SULLIVANâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S ISLAND, USA (2012) Taken with Canon AE-1 Program on Fujifilm Superia 800 speed film

NEW ORLEANS, USA (2011) Taken with Canon AE-1 Program on Kodak T-Max 400 black and white film

BARCELONA, SP (2014) Taken with Canon Rebel T3-1 with XX lens, post-processsed in photoshop 05

ERIC MERRITT BETHANY Tulane School of Architecture â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;15 ebethany@gmail.com behance.net/ericbethany | issuu.com/ericbethany | linkedin.com/in/ericbethany