Vanishing Thresholds Montgomery . Whitney - Winter 2011 Sean Campbell . Erin Dora
Phase I 1.1 Site Analysis 1.2 Precendents - Case Studies 1.3 User 1.4 Programming 1.5 Building Code
Phase VI 4.1 Design Development Phase V 5.1 Final Design - Exterior 5.2 Final Design - Interior
Phase II 2.1 Concept 2.2 Conceptual Models Phase III 3.1 Site Response 3.2 Formation 3.3 Sketch Models 3.4 Schematic
Index
Site Analysis Phase 1.0
Location
Site I
Site II
Site Analysis: Bywater Phase 1.1
Site II Site I
Site Analysis: Bywater Phase 1.1
Positive
Public Transit Dining
Negative
Greenspace Parking Segregated Education
Site I Site I: 800 Louisa & Dauphine Street
Positive
Education Public Transit Grenspace Integration Church
Site II
Negative Parking
Site II: North Rampart & Poland Street
Site Analysis: Comparison
Phase 1.1
Site Analysis: Bywater Phase 1.1
Site Analysis: Stables Phase 1.1
Site Analysis - Blight Phase 1.1
Precedents Phase 1.2
Morphosis: Float House
Problem: Flooding
-Thom Mayne -Affordable living in a flood prevention Home -Rests on a four foot raised base -acts as a raft rising with water levels 3.7 metres -House is meant to create an easier return after the floods
Precedents Phase 1.2
Gary Chang: Partitioned Living
Problem: Narrow Site
-Gary Chang -24 Rooms in One 344 square foot apartment -Walls are suspended from steel tracks above -Use of glass ceilings and reflective floors allow the space to feel larger
Precedents Phase 1.2
930 Poydras Residential Tower
Problem: Parking
-Eskew.Dumez.Ripple -Fully integrated parking garage on bottom levels -Parking and living are seperated with community spaces -Building hides parking facilities to avoid an unattractive presence
Precedents Phase 1.2
Cleveland Museum: East Wing
Problem: Historic Integration
-Rafael Vinoly Architects -Pleasant integration of both old and New to be one cohesive Structure -Modern interpretation holds an air of classical nature in order to parallel the existing building founded in 1913
Precedents Phase 1.2
New York: High Line Park
Problem: Greenspace Revival
-Diller Scofidio.Renfro -Utilizes old structure as a base for community gathering and greenspace revival -Replanted more than 100 different Species of Plants
Precedents Phase 1.2
User Phase 1.3
Community Issues
Community Needs
-blight -segregation -food expenses -lack of resources
-Retail -green spaces -urban gardens -grocery -indoor/outdoor kids activities -Childcare
Expectations
Community Reminders
-durability -multi-purpose -sustainable -secure and safe
-address sensitivities -accessible to entire neighborhood -nurtured by many different groups -multi-faceted
-after school programs -band practice space -nutritional food classes
User Phase 1.3
Blight
Food
Music
Diversity
User Phase 1.3
Programming Phase 1.4
-Katrina wiped out funding for music programs -Music education was slowly dissapearing
Founder: Derrick Tabb “Rebirth Brass Band�
-Project launched in spring 2008 -100 students enrolled with over 500 on waiting list -Tutoring, Music Education and band practice, exercise, and a meal
Case Study: Roots of Music
-Goals Keep children off street Bring Children together citywide Support economic Development Develop Talent for Nocca and other intensive music programs
-Nocca students enter with basic knowledge of musical fundamentals -Programs have been cut within school systems for funding -Sets Nocca at a disadvantage without prior music education
Programming Phase 1.4
“Imagine a neighborhood in New Orleans where you’ve got 40 or 50 percent of the lots that are vacant, houses are blighted and the standard vision of the neighborhood is a place where people dump their trash. In 90 days you transform that to a place that’s growing flowers and creating biofuels, which is pretty powerful.” – Will Bradshaw Green Coast president
Case Study: Project Sprout
Transforming abandoned land in New Orleans into sunflower gardens. Taking these blighted lots and producing biofuels from the seeds as well as green jobs for the community. GTECH has focused on planting sunflowers and canola plants. Canola plants because not only can you turn the seeds into biofuel, the plants actually absorb common urban soil contaminates, such as lead. Limitless Vistas, a nonprofit specializing in environmental workforce training, has been working to get the lots ready for planting.
Programming Phase 1.4
The organization helps to “revitalize neighborhoods by creating beautiful greenspaces that provide healthy, local and affordable produce where in many cases there are no grocery stores. The gardens also improve property values, encouraging people to rent in areas that have remained otherwise vacant since the storm�
Case Study: New Orleans Food & Farm Network
“Through focused, high skills training, LVI has provided pathways to successful careers for youth in the environmental and construction industries through participation in several large, federal grant programs, building strong community consensus and participation. The organization’s programs are comprehensive, and support students through high-quality technical certification classes; on-site experience; community service opportunities; and the life-skills and support services (including mentoring, leadership development, budgeting and career planning) necessary to allow students to acquire important, satisfying careers. The training programs are also attentive to the needs of the community, with programs in wetlands restoration and organic horticulture; Phase I-III Environmental Site Assessments and soil/water sampling; and urban-planning and development.�
Case Study: Limitless Vistas Inc. Phase 1.4
Spatial Heirarchy Web
User Access
Programming Phase 1.4
Building Code Phase 1.5
Building Type: Occupancy A – Assembly Assembly occupancies include social, recreational, entertainment, and civic gatherings of 50 or more persons. Assembly occupancy includes 5 subgroups: A-2: Group includes both food consumption and drinking A-3: This group includes recreational, amusement, and worship uses not specifically falling under other Assembly groups, including, for example, galleries, auditoriums, churches, community halls, courtrooms, dance halls, gymnasiums, lecture halls, libraries, museums, passenger station waiting areas, and the like. E – Educational: Educational occupancies include schools for grades K through 12 and day care facilities for children older than 2 ½ years of age with 6 or more occupants. Assembly areas within group E facilities are treated as part of the Group E occupancy. Day care for not more than 100 children 2 ½ years of age or less may also be classified as a Group E occupancy when each day care room is located on the level of exit discharge and has an exit door opening directly to the exterior. Day care facilities with 5 or fewer occupants are classified as Group R-3 Residential. Occupant Loads: Day Care Areas – 35 sq. ft. net (Floor Area per Occupant) Educational Occupancy, Classroom Areas – 20 sq. ft. net (Floor Area per Occupant) Allowable Height and Building Areas: Group A-3: Type: III-A Height (Stories): 3 Area (Sq. Ft.): 14,000
Fire-Resistance Rating Requirements for Building Elements: Type III-A: Structural Frame – 1 Exterior Bearing Wall – 2 Interior Bearing Wall – 1 Interior Non-Bearing Partitions and Walls – 0 Floor Construction – 1 Roof Construction - 1 Occupancy Group: A: Assembly Maximum Travel Distance: 200’ Unsprinklered 250’ Sprinklered Maximum Common Path of Egress Travel: 30’ for assembly seating more than 50 occupants, 75’ for others Largest Room or Area that may have only one Means of Egress: 49 Occupants Minimum Length of Dead-End Corridor: 20’ Door Width: Min: 32” Max: 48” Minimum Clear Corridor Width: 44” serving more than 49 occupants, 36” serving 49 or fewer Minimum Stair Width: 44” serving more than 49 occupants, 36” serving 49 or fewer Type III A: Access Storage Area: 300 Sq. Ft. Gross Assembly Occupancy (Concentrated- Chairs not fixed): 7 Sq. Ft. Net Assembly Occupancy (Standing Spaces): 5 Sq. Ft. Net Assembly Occupancy (Unconcentrated Seating): 15 Sq. Ft. Net Daycare Areas: 35 Sq. Ft. Net Educational Occupancy (Classroom Areas): 20 Sq. Ft. Net Kitchen (Commercial): 20 Sq. Ft. Gross General Storage: 300 Sq. Ft. Gross
Louisiana State Building Code: Building/Dwelling Code: IBC 2006 Structural Code: IBC 2006 Plumbing Code: Louisiana State Plumbing Code 2000 Mechanical Code: IMC 2006 Electrical Code: NEC 2005 Fire/Life Safety Code: NFPA 101, 2009 Accessibility Code: ADAAG Energy Code: ASHRAE 90.1, 2001 Gas Code: IFGC 2006 Boiler Code: ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code 1995 and 1998 FEMA: Protecting Your Property From Flooding: Add Waterproof Veneer to Exterior Walls Raise Electrical System Components Anchor Fuel Tanks Raise or Floodproof HVAC Equipment Install Sewer Backflow Valves Dry Floodproof Your Building Build with Flood Damage Resistant Materials Protect Wells From Contamination by Flooding
Historic District Landmarks Commissions: Existing Masonry Construction Maintenance Guidelines: Many of the finest and most architecturally significant structures under the jurisdiction of the Historic District Landmarks Commissions are constructed of brick, stone, or terra cotta masonry. Wood frame buildings often have masonry portions including piers, chainwalls, and chimneys. Do’s: • Retain original masonry and mortar, without the application of any surface treatment. • Duplicate old mortar in composition, color, and texture wherever possible. • Duplicate old mortar joints in size, method of application and profile. • Replace deteriorating bricks with new brick matching the original in size, color, texture, porosity, and compressive strength. • Repair or replace stucco with a mix duplicating the original in composition, color, and texture wherever possible. • Clean masonry only when absolutely necessary, and always use the gentlest method possible. • Repair or replace deteriorating material with new material that duplicates the old in color, size, and texture. • Retain or renew the original color and texture of the masonry surface. Dont’s: • Do not apply waterproof or water repellant coatings or other treatments unless required to solve a specific technical problem that has been studied and identified. Coatings in general are unnecessary, expensive, and can accelerate deterioration of the masonry. • Do not repoint with mortar containing large quantities of portland cement. • Do not allow new pointing mortar to cover the edges of the brick. • Do not use modern building brick in conjunction with softer older brick. • Do not use stucco mix containing large quantities of portland cement. • Do not sandblast or clean with any other type of pressure driven particle. • Do not apply new material which is inappropriate or was unavailable when the building was constructed. • Do not indiscriminately remove paint or stucco from masonry surfaces. This may be historically incorrect and may subject the building to damage. • Do not allow vines and vegetation to grow on the walls of buildings.
Building Code Phase 1.5
Concept Phase 2.0
Bridge - A contrasting middle por-
tion of a tune that ‘Makes the outside look good’
Chase - Two soloists, such as the trumpet and sax, taking alternating 4-bar phrases
Verbal Metaphors Phase Phase 2.1
Concept Models Phase 2.2
Concept Models Phase 2.2
Concept Models Phase 2.2
Concept Models Phase 2.2
Schematic Design Phase 3.0
Low Impact Development An Alternative Site Design Strategy
Low Impact Development (LID) is an alternative site design strategy that uses natural and engineered infiltration and storage techniques to control storm water where it is generated. LID combines conservation practices with distributed storm water source controls and pollution prevention to maintain or restore watershed functions. The objective is to disperse LID devices uniformly across a site to minimize runoff. www.wbdg.org/resources/lidtech.php
Green Roofing
Rain Water Collection
Permeable Pavers
Bio-Swales
Site Response Phase 3.1
Green Roofing Stormwater Management Green roofs can retain 65-100% of rainwater and release water at a slower rate, preventing local flooding
Reductions in Energy Costs Green roofs reduce thermal loading in summer creating a cooler roof structure during summer
Provides Wildlife Habitat Green roofs provide habitats for wildlife such as birds and insects, attributing to local biodiversity.
Increased Roof Membrane Life Green roofs block UV rays and prevent extreme surface temperature fluctuations which increases roof membranes longevity
Improves Air Quality Green roofs absorb particulate matter from cars, factories, pollen and dust, contributing to a cleaner more breathable air
Adds Aesthetic Value and Increased Quality of Life Green roofs provide views of nature positively enhancing a person’s mental and physical health
Rain water collection Rain Barrels Rain barrels are placed outside of a building at roof downspouts to collect and store rooftop runoff for later reuse in lawn and garden watering. They can be used to change runoff timing and to reduce runoff volume. Rain barrels have many advantages in urban settings. They take up very little space, are inexpensive, and are very easy to install.
Cisterns Cisterns are larger storage facilities for non-potable use in residential, commercial, or industrial applications. They store water in manufactured tanks or underground storage areas. They can be used with any type of roof structure to intercept runoff and reduce runoff volume. The water can be treated and used for domestic purposes, fountains, pools, gray water, air conditioning, and other purposes. Both cisterns and rain barrels can be implemented without the use of pumping devices, instead relying on gravity flow. www.wbdg.org/resources/lidtech.php
Site Response Phase 3.1
Permeable Pavers Reduce Stormwater Runoff “Permeable” is a term used to describe paving methods for roads, parking lots and walkways that allow the movement of water and air around the paving material. Permeable Pavers allow stormwater to percolate through areas that would traditionally be impervious.
Control Pollutants In the void spaces, naturally occurring micro-organisms digest car oils, leaving little but carbon dioxide and water.
Reduce Downstream Erosion They allow for more uniform distribution of runoff into pervious areas. Conveying runoff into vegetated areas keeps the water from directly entering the storm drain network
Permeable vs. Pervious Permeable paving, is different than pervious paving or porous pavement, by virtue of the fact that rainwater passes around the paver as opposed to passing through the paver helping to reduce or eliminate “clogging” found in pervious or porous systems. http://stoneagepavers.com/products/permeable.php www.uni-groupusa.org/EcoFam.htm
Rain Gardens, Bio-Swales & Bio-retention Cells Soil and plants filter and store runoff, remove petroleum products, and promote groundwater recharge through infiltration.
Rain Gardens A shallow depressional area planted to native vegetation that absorbs and infiltrates runoff from impervious surfaces and may discharge to groundwater, a storm drain , or surface outlet.
Bio-Swales A vegetated swale is an alternative to standard below ground stormwater sewers. These systems can absorb the high frequency low intensity storms but can convey the large storm events while providing vegetative filtering. They can discharge to groundwater, storm sewer intakes, or directly to surface water.
Bio-retention Cells designed to function similar to rain gardens except that they collect larger volumes of runoff at sites with a high percent of impervious surfaces. They are often used in industrial settings, corporate campuses, shopping centers, or other sites with large parking facilities. The cells are designed with more temporary storage to accommodate larger volumes of runoff and so will have more depth compared to a rain garden. The cells are designed to drain in 24 hours, with no risk of standing water and breeding of mosquitoes. www.iamu.org/main/stormwater/stormwater%20management/stormwater%20mgmt%20bmps.pdf
Site Response Phase 3.1
Energy Conservation Ihilluptatis ea vit eos ande omnimus as dolorerio dolorro vitate et acidell oreptas auditat que reium consed unto magnatibus, sentiam, te dellori tassinc turibus auta dolor aute ipsunt magnis magnatem ea vendisinctia nos qui quiaspe dignistint dolorrovid modici culluptae officia voles dendipsame magnia corectur, sam hitis con corporeptae num, vento voluptint lam hil ma cus di officiat. Hendit alique sunt reperibus atias di alitio. Raecto dolo cum estrupt urepratet ut aut quam, nonsero velende bissimi, eum ium dolut ipis que nos sam nonet in nis audit ressimus alitianiet eossimusam, sum quo esti coruptus apisciam ipiet ab in nonem quas que iducips aecuptat ente deniminime dolo eumenih illupta voloratque si cus, non pos et voluptae. Nem et el endicit et
Solar Panels Solar panels (arrays of photvoltaic cells) make use of renewable energy from the sun, and are a clean and environmentally sound means of collecting solar energy
Overhang
Double Envelope
Green Wall
Provides protection from the exterior elements and shelters from the penetrating heat of the sun.
Outer facade provides a buffer zone for thermal impacts on interior and visually brings the outdoors within.
live vegetation will improve cooling efficientcy while also providing sound insulation
Site Response Phase 3.1
Bio-Swale
Absorbs runoff from eaves of angled roof
Solar Panels Urban Garden
Raised gardens for community use and after school programs
Permeable concrete For a breathable basketball court
Rampart Street Section
Tools for harnessing replenishable energy
Permeable Pavers
Allows sidewalk to uniformly distribute stormwater
Green Roof
provides for an overall reduction in energy costs
Bio-Swale
Absorbs runoff from the adjacent streets
Landscaping
Trees and vegitation act as a noise buffer between the Community Center and Fire Station
Rainwater Collection
Angled roofs allow for ample precipitiation collection
Permeable Pavers
Allows sidewalk to uniformly distribute stormwater
Bio-Swale
Absorbs runoff from the adjacent street and parking lot
Poland Avenue Section
Site Response Phase 3.1
St. C
laud
Ram
enue
Stree
t
Looking at the Whole
Pola
nd A venu
e
part
e Av
Formation Phase 3.2
Formation Phase 3.2
Sketch Models Phase 3.3
Sketch models Phase 3.3
Schematic Phase 3.4
Design Development Phase 4.0
Design Development Phase 4.1
Final Design Phase 5.0
Exterior Phase 5.1
Vanishing Thresholds
Second Floor
Third Floor
First Floor
Interior Phase 5.2
Atrium Space and Exterior Courtyard
Reception and Corridor
Interior Phase 5.2
Thank You.