IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology
eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF ORANGE PEEL AND PULP Mamta Arora1, Parminder Kaur2 1
Associate Professor, 2Student, Department of Biotechnology, A.S. B. A. S. J. S. M. College, Bela, Ropar, Punjab, mamtaarora.2007@rediffmail.com
Abstract The oranges were purchased from the local market of Bela. The orange peel and pulp were subjected to successive extraction with solvents in increasing order of their polarity viz. Acetone, hexane, methanol and distilled water. Orange peel and pulp powder was extracted separately by aqueous extraction. Phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of tannins, saponins etc. Anthraquiones were completely absent in both the citrus peel and pulp.
Keywords: orange, alkaloids, anthraquinones, saponins. ----------------------------------------------------------------------***-------------------------------------------------------------------1. INTRODUCTION
C is unstable compounds which are degraded by both aerobic
Citrus fruits are mainly used by juice processing industries
and anaerobic pathways. The loss of Vit C might be a critical
while the peels are generally wasted in the industries. Since
factor for the shelf life of some products as citrus juice
the juice yield of citrus is less half of the fruit weight. A very
concentrates [7].
large amount of oranges byproduct wastes, such as peels which are formed every year [1]. From waste materials, there
2. MATERIAL AND METHOD
is always an increased attention in bringing useful products
2.1. Collection of material
and citrus wastes are no exceptions. Suitable methods have to
Fresh orange were collected from in the local market in the
be adopted to utilize orange peel and pulp for the conversion
month of May 2013. The orange were washed well using tap
into value-added products [2]. Environmental pollution can
water .The peel is separated , then the pulp of Orange was
also be reduced. The citrus peels are rich in nutrients and
separated by cutting them into small pieces and peel is also
contain many phytochemicals; they also can be efficiently
cut into small pieces then it was dried in oven for a period of
used as drugs or as food supplements. There is an increase in
6-7 days, at an ambient temperature of 30ËšC. The dried
the number of antibiotic resistance pathogens, there is always
samples were grinded properly using a mortar and pestle and
a search of an alternative drug that is regarded as safe [3],
later using a grinder, to obtain the powdered form. The
[4], [5].
powder of the peels and the pulps were stored separately in air tight bottles.
A Pulp and their seed contribute to bulk of the fruit weight comprising about 46% and 44% while peel constitutes about
3. PREPARATION OF EXTRACTS
10%. The orange fruit is highly nutritious and rich in
3.1. Soxhlet Extraction
minerals, proteins, carbohydrates, and fat [6].
Orange fruits were washed by distilled water then peeled and their edible portions were carefully separated. The peels were
Orange juices are a rich source of Vit. C which is considered
air dried in a ventilated oven at 40°C for 48 h and ground to a
as a most important water- soluble antioxidant. The major
fine powder and passed through a 24-mesh sieve according to
role of Vit C is the prevention of scurvy; this causes the
the method described by Van-Acker et al. 100g powdered
disease which leads to the formation of spots on the skin,
sample was extracted with either 800ml ethanol or methanol
spongy gums and bleeding from the mucous membranes. Vit.
or dichloromethane or acetone or hexane or ethyl acetate at
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