Earth Science 11
Sydney Tewson Block 6 minerals
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MOH= 2.5
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Halite
Chemical formula: NaCl Sources: -geology.com Cleavage: cleavage 3 -Glencoe.com “Virtual Mineral Lab” Color: colorless Streak color: colorless Hardness: softness of a fingernail Special properties: has a lower freezing point than wter Uses: used in the winter on roads to control the accumulation of snow and ice. Significant amounts of salt are also used by the chemical industry. Salt is an essential nutrient for humans and most animals and it is also a favorite seasoning for many types of food.
MOH= 2.5-3
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Biotite Mica
Chemical formula: K(Mg,Fe)2-3Al1-2Si2-3O10(OH,F)2 Lustre: non-metallic Sources: Cleavage or fracture: cleavage -geology.com -Glencoe.com “Virtual Mineral Lab” Color: colorless Streak color: black to dark brown Hardness: softer than a fingernail Special properties: peels off into sheets, doesn’t burn Uses: Biotite is a name used for a large group of black mica minerals that are commonly found in igneous and metamorphic rocks. These include: annite, phlogopite, siderophyllite, fluorophlogopite, fluorannite, eastonite and many others
MOH= 1
Talc
soapstone
talc
•Chemical formula: Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 Sources: -geology.com •Lustre: non-metallic -Glencoe.com “Virtual Mineral Lab” •Cleavage; basal •Color: white or green •Streak color: white •Hardness: softer than a fingernail •Special properties: extremely soft, easily powderized •Uses: Most people use products made from talc every day, however, they don't realize that talc is in the product or the special role that it plays. (paper, makeup, ceramics, paint)
MOH= 1-2
Graphite
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Chemical formula: C
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Clevage or fracture: cleavage
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Lustre: metallic Color: black to gray Streak color: black to gray Hardness: softer than a fingernail Special properties: layered planar structure Uses: pencil lead, oil lubricant
Sources: -geology.com -Glencoe.com “Virtual Mineral Lab”
MOH= 7
Herkimer "Diamond" quartz crystals. A clear, "rock crystal" variety of quartz.
Quartz
Transparent “rock crystal” quartz
Translucent rose quartz Sources: -geology.com -Glencoe.com “Virtual Mineral Lab”
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Chemical formula: SiO2 Lustre: non-metallic
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Cleavage or fracture: fracture
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Color:white or greenish Streak color: white Hardness: softer than a fingernail Special properties: transparent, splits light into a spectrum Uses: jewelry
MOH= 6-6.5
Pyrite
Sources: -geology.com -Glencoe.com “Virtual Mineral Lab”
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Chemical formula: FeS2 Lustre: metallic
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Cleavage or fracture:0
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Color: brassy gold Streak color: black Hardness: harder than glass Special properties: easy to ignite (set fire) Uses: Aggregates used to make concrete, concrete block and asphalt paving materials must be free of pyrite.
MOH= 4
Fluorite under UV light
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Fluorite
Green Fluorite
Chemical formula: CaF2 Blue Fluorite from China Lustre: non-metallic Cleavage: Yes; octahedral cleavage Sources: Colour: (usually) variations of purple -Wikipedia.com Streak Colour: colourless -Glencoe.com “Virtual Hardness: softer than glass, but harder than fingernail Mineral Lab” Special properties: fluorescence under UV light Uses: optics, high-end telescopes and lenses; source of fluoride used in toothpaste
MOH= 2
Gypsum
Satin spar
Selenite
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Chemical formula: CaSO4.2H2O
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Lustre: non-metallic
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Cleavage or fracture: cleavage
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Color: colorless Streak color: white Hardness: softer than a fingernail Special properties: soluble in saline solution, and also in water Uses: manufacture of wallboard, cement, plaster of Paris, soil conditioning, a hardening retarder in Portland cement.
Sources: -geology.com -Glencoe.com “Virtual Mineral Lab”
MOH= 6
albite
Feldspar
feldspar
Sources: http://www.geology.enr.state.nc.us -Glencoe.com “Virtual Mineral Lab”
andesine
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Chemical formula: (Na,Ca)AlSi3O8 Lustre: non-metallic
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Clevage or fracture: cleavage
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Color: varied Streak color: clolorless Hardness: harder than glass Special properties: this mineral group forms the majority of earths crust Uses:Feldspar is used in the manufacture of glass products (70%), in ceramics and other products (30%)
Sources: -Glencoe.com “Virtual Mineral Lab”
MOH= 3
Calcite in the form of translucent onyx
Calcite
Calcite in the form of a pink marble
Calcite in the form of chalk
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Chemical formula: CaCO3 Lustre: non-metallic
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Cleavage or fracture: cleavage
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Color: white or sometimes transparent Streak color: white Hardness: softer than glass but harder than a fingernail Special properties: reflects a double image, can be dissolved or precipitated by water Uses: The construction industry is the primary consumer of calcite in the form of marble and limestone
Sources: -geology.com -Glencoe.com “Virtual Mineral Lab”
MOH= 2.5+
Galena
Argentiferous galena
cubic Galena with adjacent calcite crystals
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Chemical formula: PbS Lustre: metallic
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Cleavage or fracture: cleavage
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Color: gray Streak color: gray to black Hardness: softer than a fingernail Special properties: found with copious amounts of silver Uses: lead acid batteries, hybrid vehicles etc
MOH= 5-6
Hematite
Iron ore
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Chemical formula: Fe2O3, a-Fe2O3 Lustre: metallic
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Cleavage or fracture: fracture
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Color: dark or silver red Streak color: red gray Hardness: harder than glass Special properties: slightly magnetic Uses: ore of iron, pigment
Banded iron formation
MOH= 5.5-6.5
Magnetite
lodestone
Magnetite sand Typical magnetite
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Chemical formula: Fe3O4 Lustre: non-metallic
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Cleavage or fracture: fracture
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Color: black Streak color: black Hardness: harder than glass Special properties: strongly magnetic Uses: powdered magnetite is often used to mix with liquids used as a heavy media
Sources: -geology.com -Glencoe.com “Virtual Mineral Lab”
MOH= 2.5-3
Muscovite mica
muscovite Bladed muscovite
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Chemical formula: Lustre: non-metallic
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Cleavage or fracture: cleavage 1
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Color: white Streak color: white Hardness: softness of a fingernail Special properties:fireproof Uses: electronic devices, cosmetics
Sources: -geology.com -Glencoe.com “Virtual Mineral Lab”
MOH= 1.5-2.5
sulfur
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Chemical formula: Lustre: non-metallic
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Cleavage or fracture: fracture
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Color: yellow Streak color: yellow to white Hardness: softer than a fingernail Special properties: easily ignited Uses: rubber, gun powder
sulfur
Sources: -geology.com -Glencoe.com “Virtual Mineral Lab”