SMALL HYDROPOWER WORKSHOP Lausanne June – July 2005
SPATIAL PLANS AND LOCAL AGREEMENTS FOR SMALL HYDRO ALPHA MENTOR Studies & Project Management
HYETOS Consulting Engineering Firm
M. Alexandrou 28 – A.C. 555 35 PYLAIA THESSALONIKI Ph.N. +302310322498 Fax +302310309768 Email: mentorconsult@the.forthnet.gr
Sq. Νauarinou 3 – A.C. 546 22 THESSALONIKI Ph.N. +302310250601-2 Fax +302310230428 Email: yetos@otenet.gr
DND Mechanical Engeeniring K. Karamanli 158 – A.C. 542 48 THESSALONIKI Ph.N. +302310328610 Fax +302310328610 Email: yetos@otenet.gr
PROJECT'S GOAL
他The main goal of this project is to find at least two suitable locations for the construction of small hydros in the area of Axios river, using the method of multi-criteria analysis.
MULTICRITERIA ANALYSIS AND G.I.S. 他The project consists of a G.I.S. based application that holds all the necessary information of the specific area of interest in the form of information layers on a base map.
MULTICRITERIA ANALYSIS
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM G.I.S.
他These layers will clearly designate the state of the specific area as far as terrain model, topography, hydrology, background, habitation, and particular ecosystem are concerned.
FLOWCHART
¾ Stream net ¾ Slope maps ¾ Contour maps ¾ Nearest roads and railroads ¾ Protected Ecosystems ¾ Habitation Zones ¾ Constructions in the region
G.I.S
Function
Final Result
MULTICRITERIA ANALYSIS STREAM NET AND CONSTRUCTIONS
STREAM NET AND CONSTRUCTIONS
Stream Net Existing Construction
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
MULTICRITERIA ANALYSIS DISTANCE FROM SIGNIFICANT GRIDS OR NETWORKS
DISTANCE FROM SIGNIFICANT GRIDS OR NETWORKS
Significant Grid or Network
1
1
2
2
3
1
2
3
3
3
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
MULTICRITERIA ANALYSIS PROTECTED AREAS OR AREAS WITH SPECIAL LAND USE
PROTECTED AREA OR AREA WITH SPECIAL LAND USE
A = 0 流/OR 1 Area with Special Land Use or Protected Area Archeological Site, Military Facility etc.
A
A
A
2
2
A
A
A
2
2
A
A
A
2
2
A
A
A
2
2
A
A
A
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
A
A
A
2
0
A
0
A
0
2
1
1
1
1
1
A
A
A
0
2
1
1
1
1
0
2
2
2
2
2
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
MULTICRITERIA ANALYSIS FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATION
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
2
2
3
1
1
1
2
2
0
0
2
0
0
1
2
3
3
3
1
0
1
2
0
0
0
1
1
0
2
3
3
2
2
1
0
1
0
2
0
1
0
1
1
3
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
FUNCTION
1
1
2
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
2
AREA OF INTEREST AXIOS RIVER AREA
Axios River area
CENTRAL MACEDONIA REGION
G.I.S. LAYERS
Stream Net
Slope Map
G.I.S. LAYERS
Protected Ecosystems
Road Grid
G.I.S. LAYERS
Habitation Zones
Flow Model
GIS 2D VISUAL REPRESENTATION
GIS 3D VISUAL REPRESENTATION
2D VISUAL REPRESENTATION
SUITABLE LOCATIONS
他The particular two Small Hydro Project sites are located in the west and east main irrigation channels of the Ellis Dam in river Axios. These channels serve the irrigation needs of the surrounding areas. The water supply is possible through a type S (ogee) spillway. The two channels have very similar geometry and the available design flow in both of them is about 1/3 of the total flow of Axios river. Finally, the gross pressure head is estimated to be about 12m.
SUITABLE LOCATIONS As far as the final decision is concerned one must take into account the following: 他The relief of the Project Area is very mild. 他The Greek part of Axios river is isolated from other streams due to extensive flood-preventing constructions along its shores. 他There is little variation in the flow along the Greek part of the river. 他Ellis dam is the only existing relative project in the region. For all of the above reasons, and from an engineers point of view the only two really suitable spots for the construction of a feasible SHP are the two main irrigation channels of Ellis dam.
PLAN VIEW AND X-SECTION OF ELLIS DAM
WEST IRRIGATION CHANNEL
EAST IRRIGATION CHANNEL
ELLIS DAM SPILLWAY
EAST IRRIGATION CHANNEL
IRRIGATION CHANNEL OUTLET
ASSESSMENT OF SHP FEASIBILITY STUDIES
¾For the assessment of the SHP feasibility, the “RETScreen Small Hydro Project Model” was used to evaluate the energy production, lifecycle costs and greenhouse gas emissions reduction for the two similar central-grid singleturbine, small hydro projects.
ASSESSMENT OF SHP FEASIBILITY STUDIES Estimate Run-of-river User-defined m³/s % m³/s
5 100% 9,00
Flow-Duration Curve Data Time Flow 120,00
100,00
Site Conditions Project name Project location 80,00 Gross head Maximum tailwater effect Residual flow Firm flow 60,00
Small Hydro Turbine Characteristics Gross head Design90% flow to 100% Turbine type Turbine efficiency curve data source Number of turbines Small hydro turbine manufacturer Flow-Duration Curve Small hydro turbine model Turbine manufacture/design coefficient Efficiency adjustment Turbine peak efficiency Flow at peak efficiency Turbine efficiency at design Notes/Range flow Estimate
5%
System Characteristics Estimate 10% Grid type 40,00 Central-grid15% Design flow m³/s 36,500 20% Turbine type Kaplan 25% Number of turbines turbine 1 20,00 30% Turbine peak efficiency % 92,2% 35% Turbine efficiency at design flow % 91,8% 40% Maximum hydraulic losses % 5% 0,00 45% Generator efficiency % 95% 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 50% Transformer losses % 1% Percent Time Flow Equalled or Exceeded (%) 55% Parasitic electricity losses % 2% 60% Annual downtime losses % 4%
65%
Annual Energy Production Small hydro plant capacity
Estimate 70% 3.453 75% 3,453 80% 607 85% 1,00 90% 53% 95% 16.036 100% 16,036
kW MW kW % MWh GWh
Small hydro plant firm capacity Available flow adjustment factor Small hydro plant capacity factor Renewable energy delivered
% % m³/s %
0,00 1 0,00 Notes/Range 0,00 1 0,00 0,08 1 0,08 0,42 1 0,42 Complete Equipment Data sheet 0,64 1 0,64 0,77 1 0,77 0,85 1 0,85 0,89 1 2% to 7%0,89 0,91 193% to 97% 0,91 90 0,92 100 1 1% to 2%0,92 0,92 1 1% to 3%0,92 0,92 1 2% to 7%0,92 0,92 1 0,92 0,92 1 0,92 Notes/Range 0,92 1 0,92 0,92 1 0,92 0,92 1 0,92 0,92 1 0,92 40% to 95% 0,92 1 0,92 0,92 1 0,92
Flow-Duration and Power Curves Available Flow
Flow Used
4.000 3.500
100,000
2.500
60,000
2.000
Power (kW)
3.000 80,000
1.500
40,000
1.000 20,000
500
0,000 10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Notes/Range
See Product Database
2.8 to 6.1; Default = 4.5
Efficiency Curve - 1 Turbine(s) 1,00 0,90 0,80 0,70 0,60 0,50 0,40 0,30 0,20 0,10 0,00 0
10
20
30
40 50 60 70 Percent of Rated Flow (%)
80
90
Return to Energy Model sheet
Available Power
120,000
0
Estimate 12,0 36,50 Kaplan Standard 1 ABC Ltd. model XYZ 4,5 0% 92,2% 27,4 91,8%
m m³/s turbine
SPLASH Turbine Efficiency Curve Data AXIOS Turbine Turbines Combined 12,0 Flow efficiency running turbine 1,00 Complete Hydrology & Load sheet 5,00 (%) # efficiency 9,00 0% 0,00 0 0,00
m m m³/s m³/s
Flow (m³/s)
(m³/s) 112,00 66,00 51,60 44,00 38,00 34,00 30,00 28,00 26,00 24,00 22,40 21,20 20,00 18,80 17,60 16,80 16,00 15,20 14,80 14,40 14,00
Flow (m³/s)
(%) 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% 55% 60% 65% 70% 75% 80% 85% 90% 95% 100%
Notes/Range
Efficiency
Hydrology Analysis Project type Hydrology method Hydrology Parameters Residual flow Percent time firm flow available Firm flow
80
90
0 100
Percent Time Flow Equalled or Exceeded (%)
Complete Cost Analysis sheet
100
ASSESSMENT OF SHP FEASIBILITY STUDIES Size of Catchment Area 2
(23.747Km is the total catchment area of river Axios)
>23.747 Km2
Mean Annual Flow
129,600 m3/s
Design Flow
≅36,500 m3/s
Minimum Available Flow for Power Generation
3 ≅9,000 m /s
Gross Pressure Head (estimated)
12,000 m
Design Capacity Minimum Available Capacity
3.453 kw 607 Kw
Average Annual Energy Production
16.036 Mwh
Distance to the Connection Point
≅0.500 Km
Voltage of the Network at the Connection Point Project investment cost estimation
150 KV From10.000.000 Euro to 15.000.000
Annual operation & maintenance cost estimation Including: 1. Land lease 2. Property taxes 3. Water rental 4. Insurance premiums 5. Transmission line maintenance 6. Spare parts 7. O&M labour 8. Travel and accommodation 9. General and administrative
≅450.000 Euro
SMALL HYDROPOWER WORKSHOP Lausanne June – July 2005
SPATIAL PLANS AND LOCAL AGREEMENTS FOR SMALL HYDRO ALPHA MENTOR Studies & Project Management
HYETOS Consulting Engineering Firm
M. Alexandrou 28 – A.C. 555 35 PYLAIA THESSALONIKI Ph.N. +302310322498 Fax +302310309768 Email: mentorconsult@the.forthnet.gr
Sq. Νauarinou 3 – A.C. 546 22 THESSALONIKI Ph.N. +302310250601-2 Fax +302310230428 Email: yetos@otenet.gr
DND Mechanical Engeeniring K. Karamanli 158 – A.C. 542 48 THESSALONIKI Ph.N. +302310328610 Fax +302310328610 Email: yetos@otenet.gr