SPLASH Seminar in Ojc贸w 20th September 2005 Martin Cahn Energie-Cit茅s
Conclusions on Best Practice • Local plans are rare – we found few other examples
Mainly utility led • Navarra (1990) –Renewable energy plan for the region centred originally on small hydro (25%) and wind (75%). • Now considered commercial secret due to liberalisation • Wind now in the forefront
Inventory approach Himachal Pradesh • • • •
Funded from UNDP under GEF Major need for hydropower – electricity supply shortage Preparation of inventory of SHP sites to be developed by investors • State owns river bed – so can offer sites to investors • Still need to go through permit process
Inventory Approach British Columbia • • • • •
Examined potential sites in whole state Most sites are 500kW upwards. Large heads – Rocky Mountains Identified supply network – inventory of sites Still have to negotiate and obtain planning & environmental permits • Analogous to Himachal Pradesh Morelake Hydro (115kW)
Community Development Approach South Somerset • Local authority found many small mill owners interested in installing small hydro • Set up an association of mill owners to promote small hydro with local authority support • 11 mills, 150kW total • Cooperative project • Agreed selling price • Obtained grant aid • Now copied in other local authorities,
Community Development Approach Wye Valley AONB • Community Renewables programme supporting renewable energy projects in rural area • Held meeting in Tintern village – proposed installing small hydro in old industrial sites • Feasibility study of Angiddy valley found four sites – potential payback 10-15 yrs • Establishing local cooperative to take forward
SPLASH Examples • Show real innovation – no-one has really planned on a wide scale for small hydro • Includes various approaches: – Strategic plans – sieve maps – Checklists and weighting of constraints – Community development
• Some projects are a mixture of several approaches
Strategic Plans and Sieve Maps • Greece – 50m x 50m pixel based • This fine sieve should avoid problems due to the individual nature of small hydro sites. However it is difficult to find data at this scale. DISTANCE FROM SIGNIFICANT GRIDS OR NETWORKS
Significant Grid or Network
1
1
2
2
3
1
2
3
3
3
2
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
Produces a weighted rating of suitability for small hydro
Applied to lower Axios basin
Sieve Maps • Ireland – Classical sieve map based on actual areas. • This carries the risk of eliminating good sites since it creates no go areas • It helps keep vociferous objectors at bay • Negotiations are still necessary with interests to find out the real constraints in practice. • Successfully identified sites in the Irish example and opened discussion with the interests concerned. • Process needs time, lots of time.
Preparing a sieve plan in Cork Sieved out key areas of interest to find area remaining for potential small hydro development Major negotiated launched with fisheries and heritage interests. The hydro plan was the tool with which to engage these interests
Sieve Maps Portugal – North Douro • Analogous to the Irish example – interests rather different • Based on restoring old mills • Steeply graded rivers
Checklist Approach • France – appraisal of rivers for suitability – Linear appraisal of rivers into classes (effectively a linear sieve map) – Ended up with a series of point sites which had a weighted score. – Weighting of criteria according to a scoring system approved by local experts. – Successfully identified a series of priority sites on areas where the impact was least problematic.
Assessment of river water quality
Environmental Index
D茅么me kW Argental kW
A list of preferred sites in Mont Pilat
D10
120 A4
82
D12
90
D18
136
D13
57
Riotet
kW
D15
70
R1
92
D16
60
R2
140
R3&4
55
Ternay : T6 to 15: 200kW
Community Development • Portugal – Restoration of mills for tourism – Raising awareness – Local economic development of rural area
• Poland – Restoration of mills for tourism – Raising awareness
Poland Fifteen mills identified , around 100kW of potential power. Example of micro hydro.
Community involvement to promote restoration of historic mills for electricity and tourism.
Ten lessons • Find a key partner : need for strong local authority and water agency support • Get the key stakeholders involved. • Work with potential developers, they are your supporters • Work to a rational unit. • Get universally respected expertise
Ten lessons (contd) • Link in to statutory planning process • Screen out, screen in • Allow time – it takes a very long time to involve people • Search for synergies – sustainability is not the only issue • Go public – give people their say
Main Benefits/motors • Two key political drivers are community development and tourism/heritage – rather than tonnes CO2 • Can promote water planning at a larger scale • Some countries – e.g. UK, are developing consistent policies to promote micro-generation • Working together may help to overcome admin. barriers, & greatly helps maintaining momentum among dispersed mini-investors. • Plant generally has a very long life once installed
Lessons for EU • Needs consideration in planning – WFD could „make or break” small hydro • Needs significant resources and support – abandonment of mills and small sites over 20th century linked to development of grid • Potential is there but needs programme of support. Secure income over long period lacking
Many thanks Martin Cahn Energie-CitĂŠs 2 chemin de Palente 25000 Besancon +48 12 272 2850 +33 3 81 65 36 81 Martin@tf.com.pl