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Seminar on Current Challenges Facing Hydropower Development in Europe: Reserved flow, River Basin Management Plans & Certification for Hydro Brussels, 1-2 October 2009

Slovenian Small Hydropower Association M arko Gospodjinački, president

Reserved flow & producers’ point of view © SSHA

member


Quote Let’s not be blinded by abundance. Instead, be wise to use those natural resources that are not harmful to the World to extent that covers our needs.

Š SSHA



Environment Damaged

Protected?

Stressed

Overpopulated Actions Individual

Š SSHA

System


Other interests

Environme ntal value

Drinking water Irrigation Recreational

kWh = GHG

Energy value

Ecological status

Open market

Before-After

Electricity importance

Fishery Migration, Protection

Public Interest

Qres values Define- Respect

Š SSHA

Multilayered Interests

Baseload l/s = kWh


Present solutions

Š SSHA


Wide low slope river (minimum and maximum values of reserved flow calculated with different methods)


Small alpine torrent (minimum and maximum values of reserved flow calculated with different methods)

Source: TNSHP


© SSHA


Proposal of Slovenian Ministry of Environment Qres = f * MNQ Catchment Area Group of ecological type 1 2(2) 3 4 (2)

1 2(2) 3 4 (2)

1(2) 2(2) 3 4 Š SSHA

< 10 km2

0,8 0,8 0,6

10-100 km2

100-1.000 km2

Punctual diversion 0,8 0,6 0,6 0,5 0,5 0,4

1.000-2.500 km2 in (1) MQ < 50 m3

> 2.500 km2 or (1) MQ > 50 m3

0,5 0,5 0,4

Short diversion or long diversion in dry period 1,6 1,6 1,2 1,0 1,6 1,2 1,0 1,0 1,2 1,0 0,8 0,8 3,2 3,2 2,4

Long diversion in wet period 3,2 2,4 2,4 2,0 2,0 1,6

2,0 2,0 1,6


Quotes:

We don’t need small hydropower plants

HP are destroying the rivers (valleys)

The energy production is negligable for the negative environmental impact

.. and similar

(WHY) DO WE NEED (SMALL) HYDROPOWER PLANTS?

© SSHA


70 % loss of energy

8 % loss of energy

Š SSHA


WHY Small Hydropower? • Clean energy production • Decentralised energy production (meeting local demands, lowering losses in transmission, ensuring autonomy) • Energy production diversificaton • No GHG emissions • Grid stability • Local Economic development • Creating jobs • Maintenance of river basins (floating waste, hydrological monitoring,...) • High energy payback ratio © SSHA


50 Hz (49...51)

© SSHA





Importance of production availability (the science behind) ď‚— The problem of primary and secondary frequency regulation of a multi-machine

power system is analyzed with a Liapunov function method based on a quadratic performance index. The main purpose is to determine the best set of parameters of primary and secondary regulation according to an optimization criterion. The objective consists of achieving a settling time as short as possible which is relevant in a longitudinal system, whose structure includes long transmission lines with a reduced number of loops.

ď‚— Frequency and turbine valve positions are used as state variables, and optimal

control parameters for primary and secondary regulation are used as control variables. Performance index behavior under different frequency control schemes is then used to determine the optimal values to set the droops and gains of primary and secondary regulation. Tests for different disturbance locations and selection of regulating units are simulated on a model of the Chilean Central Interconnected System (CIS). It is shown that significant improvements can be achieved with the proposed method.

Š SSHA



Pumped Storage Hydro


Policy Positive environmental footprint

RES-E production is of national (global) importance

Criteria

Energy loss vs Min biocenosis requirements

Policy

Limitations

Science Economy

Consumption

GHG Impact Š SSHA

... So is the environmental protection To support and develop SHP is a system decission, therefore to act against this development is against the common interests.


Thank you for your attention! Zveza društev MHE Slovenije Slovenian Small Hydropower Association


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