Seminar on Current Challenges Facing Hydropower Development in Europe: Reserved flow, River Basin Management Plans & Certification for Hydro Brussels, 1-2 October 2009
Slovenian Small Hydropower Association M arko Gospodjinački, president
Reserved flow & producers’ point of view © SSHA
member
Quote Let’s not be blinded by abundance. Instead, be wise to use those natural resources that are not harmful to the World to extent that covers our needs.
Š SSHA
Environment Damaged
Protected?
Stressed
Overpopulated Actions Individual
Š SSHA
System
Other interests
Environme ntal value
Drinking water Irrigation Recreational
kWh = GHG
Energy value
Ecological status
Open market
Before-After
Electricity importance
Fishery Migration, Protection
Public Interest
Qres values Define- Respect
Š SSHA
Multilayered Interests
Baseload l/s = kWh
Present solutions
Š SSHA
Wide low slope river (minimum and maximum values of reserved flow calculated with different methods)
Small alpine torrent (minimum and maximum values of reserved flow calculated with different methods)
Source: TNSHP
© SSHA
Proposal of Slovenian Ministry of Environment Qres = f * MNQ Catchment Area Group of ecological type 1 2(2) 3 4 (2)
1 2(2) 3 4 (2)
1(2) 2(2) 3 4 Š SSHA
< 10 km2
0,8 0,8 0,6
10-100 km2
100-1.000 km2
Punctual diversion 0,8 0,6 0,6 0,5 0,5 0,4
1.000-2.500 km2 in (1) MQ < 50 m3
> 2.500 km2 or (1) MQ > 50 m3
0,5 0,5 0,4
Short diversion or long diversion in dry period 1,6 1,6 1,2 1,0 1,6 1,2 1,0 1,0 1,2 1,0 0,8 0,8 3,2 3,2 2,4
Long diversion in wet period 3,2 2,4 2,4 2,0 2,0 1,6
2,0 2,0 1,6
Quotes:
We don’t need small hydropower plants
HP are destroying the rivers (valleys)
The energy production is negligable for the negative environmental impact
.. and similar
(WHY) DO WE NEED (SMALL) HYDROPOWER PLANTS?
© SSHA
70 % loss of energy
8 % loss of energy
Š SSHA
WHY Small Hydropower? • Clean energy production • Decentralised energy production (meeting local demands, lowering losses in transmission, ensuring autonomy) • Energy production diversificaton • No GHG emissions • Grid stability • Local Economic development • Creating jobs • Maintenance of river basins (floating waste, hydrological monitoring,...) • High energy payback ratio © SSHA
50 Hz (49...51)
© SSHA
Importance of production availability (the science behind) ď&#x201A;&#x2014; The problem of primary and secondary frequency regulation of a multi-machine
power system is analyzed with a Liapunov function method based on a quadratic performance index. The main purpose is to determine the best set of parameters of primary and secondary regulation according to an optimization criterion. The objective consists of achieving a settling time as short as possible which is relevant in a longitudinal system, whose structure includes long transmission lines with a reduced number of loops.
ď&#x201A;&#x2014; Frequency and turbine valve positions are used as state variables, and optimal
control parameters for primary and secondary regulation are used as control variables. Performance index behavior under different frequency control schemes is then used to determine the optimal values to set the droops and gains of primary and secondary regulation. Tests for different disturbance locations and selection of regulating units are simulated on a model of the Chilean Central Interconnected System (CIS). It is shown that significant improvements can be achieved with the proposed method.
Š SSHA
Pumped Storage Hydro
Policy Positive environmental footprint
RES-E production is of national (global) importance
Criteria
Energy loss vs Min biocenosis requirements
Policy
Limitations
Science Economy
Consumption
GHG Impact Š SSHA
... So is the environmental protection To support and develop SHP is a system decission, therefore to act against this development is against the common interests.
Thank you for your attention! Zveza društev MHE Slovenije Slovenian Small Hydropower Association