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SMALL HYDRO POWER FOR A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONS ON AN EXAMPLE IN NORTH OSSETIA (RUSSIA). A. PINOV, Co-Director, T. WOELLERT, Co-Director, C. LINS, Coordinator for Renewables, I. BLYASHKO, Expert for SHP www.technologycentre.org, www.eur.ru
EU-Russia Energy Dialogue TECHNOLOGY CENTRE What is EU-Russia TC? The main objective of the Centre is to strengthen co-operation between Russia and the EU in the sphere of advanced energy technologies in the sectors of oil, gas, coal, electricity, new and renewable energies and energy savings. With the purpose of fulfilling this task, the Centre will: • Promote the exchange of information about advanced energy technologies and organise and co-ordinate activities which will facilitate contacts between EU and Russian energy sector actors; • Identify, evaluate, facilitate and assist in promoting of concrete technology cooperation projects in the above-mentioned energy sectors; • Liaise and co-ordinate joint activities with other Russian and EU Energy Centers operating in Russia and the EU, and to promote the creation of a common information space for disseminating energy technologies. Activity of the TC in the field of renewable energy and energy efficiency is coordinated by EREC (European Council on Renewable Energy, Belgium) and "Intersolarcenter" (Russia). The most promising Russian projects on the use of renewable sources of energy will be selected and prioritised with the aim to conduct feasibility studies and attract investments necessary for their realization. The Russian projects in the field of small hydropower (SHP) are judged of a being of great interest by the TC. 2
THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH OSSETIA - ALANIA • • • •
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North Ossetia-Alania, the sovereign republic of the RF, situated on the northern slopes of the central Caucasus between two of the highest mountain peaks in Europe, Elbrous (5613m) and Kazbeck (5047m). The population of 646,000 inhabitants represents about 100 nationalities living on an area of 8,000 sq.km. (81 people to every sq.km.). Vladikavkaz is the capital of North Ossetia-Alania. More than 130 industrial enterprises of the Republic produce lead, zinc, dolomite, sulphuric acid, electric bulbs, glassware, refractory metals and polymer items. These products are exported to many countries of the world. North Ossetia has a unique natural and climatic environment. More than half of the territory of the Republic is occupied by high mountains, rich in deciduous and coniferous woods, as well as alpine pastures. There is an area of 100,000 hectares of ecologically clean alpine pastures. The beauty of North Ossetian mountains attracts tourists from many countries, for they have the opportunity of hunting, mountain climbing, trekking and skiing.
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THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH OSSETIA - ALANIA The power system of the Republic is extremely weak, both in the capacity and in the quality of electric energy. The electricity consumption of the Republic in the years 2001 and 2002 reached 2,082 million kWh and 2,086 million kWh accordingly. During these years the own power generation capacities produced 306.5 million kWh and 331.2 million kWh only. Thus, 85.3 % of the electricity demand was met by its purchases from the federal energy system FOREM in 2001; this figure was 84.1 % in 2002. A cost for the electricity from FOREM is relatively high, the electricity blackouts are often.
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The Uruh riverhead
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Confluents of the Uruh river
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The Bilyagidon riverhead
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Alpine pastures of the Uruh reverhead
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URUH RIVERHEAD AND BILYAGIDON RIVER SHP PROJECTS The projects are prepared by “Intersolarcenter” in cooperation with a group of specialists of JSC “Kabbalk-GES” (Nalchik) and JSC “MNTO INSET” (St. Petersburg). The projects consider energy use schemes at the Uruh river and its right side Tanadon river confluent which are adjoined to an existing tourist facility at 2,270 – 1680 meter level; the left side confluent into the Uruh river – lower part of the Bilyagidon river at 1600 – 1280 m level is also considered. In accordance with the lack of stationary monitoring of the changes in water regimes the water flow rate of the Uruh river is presented in Table 1 (m3/sec.) As a result of this data analysis, annual average flow rates of the rivers in the considered section lines for suggested water intakes are as in Table 2. The design solutions foresee the use of lowhead water intakes and underground penstocks and for free-flow water channels - the use of chute constructions made of ferroconcrete and stonework.
Table 1 Level, m
2255
1,680, below Tanadon river estuary
1,380, below Karaugom river estuary
1,105, below Aigamuga river estuary
Discharge, (m3/sec.)
2.61
5.43
13.5
16.6
Table 2 Level, m
Uruh 2,270 level
river, m
Discharge, (m3/sec.)
2.61 m3/sec.
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Tanadon river, 2,055 m level
Bilyagidon river, 1,600 m level
1.5 m3/sec.
3-5 m3/sec.
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Kubus SHP cascade scheme to be located in Uruh riverhead (option 1)
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Kubus SHP cascade scheme to be located in Uruh riverhead (option 1) General power economic data SHPS 1
SHPS 2
1. Intake level, m
2270
2055
2. Tailrace level, m
2057
1680
3. Rated head, m
212
370
5
8
5. Rated capacity, MW
8.7
24
6. Electric power output, million kWh
33
90
3800
3750
8. Number of hydro turbines, unit
3
5
9. Construction cost, million USD
6.1
16.8
4. Maximal discharge, m3/sec
7. Number of hours of rated capacity use, h
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Kubus SHP cascade scheme to be located in Uruh riverhead (option 2)
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Kubus SHP cascade scheme to be located in Uruh riverhead (option 2) General power economic data SHPS 1
SHPS 2
1. Intake level, m
2270
2055
2. Tailrace level, m
2055
1680
3. Rated head, m
210
370
5
8
5. Rated capacity, MW
8.5
24
6. Electric power output, million kWh
32
90
7. Number of hours of rated capacity use, h
3800
3750
8. Number of hydro turbines, unit
3
5
9. Construction cost, million USD
8.5
14.6
4. Maximal discharge, m3/sec
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The hydro energy use schemes Cascade of SHPSs on the Uruh riverhead. Option 1 Total cascade energy output: • rated capacity – 32.7 MW • average annual electricity output– 123 million kWh Option 2 Total cascade energy output: • rated capacity -32.5 MW • Average annual electricity output – 122 million kWh. The cost of the cascade construction for each option is estimated at about 23 million USD. Efficiency Estimate. The energy and cost parameters of the considered schemes for the water flow energy use of the upper Uruh river water course indicate a high level of economic efficiency of the suggested SHPSs. The specific investments for one kW of rated capacity do not exceed about 700 USD, and the cost of one kWh is at level of 0.004-0.005 USD. EU-Russia Energy Dialogue TECHNOLOGY CENTRE
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Bilyagidon SHP scheme
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Bilyagidon SHP scheme General power economic data 1. Intake level, m
1600
2. Tailrace level, m
1270
3. Rated head, m
325
4. Maximal discharge, m3/sec
3
5
5. Rated capacity, MW
8
13.4
6. Electric power output, million kWh
56.0
80.0
7. Number of hours of rated capacity, h
7000
6000
8. Number of hydro turbines, unit
2
3
9. Construction cost, million USD
6.2
9.5
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Conclusion • • • •
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The considered region has a good potential for SHP projects realisation. The EU-Russia TC is invited to promote the effective use of this potential. The Local Government is ready to provide a Financial Guarantee as well as any necessary administrative support for project development. As a first stage in developing the region’s hydropower potential, the TC proposes a first concrete projects on the Uruh riverhead basin with a total capacity of about 45 MW and total annual electricity output about 200 mln. kWh, which is 10% of the total power consumption of the region. In accordance with preliminary estimations the cost of electricity generated will be less that 0.005 USD per kWh and payback time for investments will not exceed 5 years. The Technology Centre promotes these projects as pilot and demonstration projects. Its realisation by using modern Russian and European energy technologies will create a good basis for the further and sustainable development of the economy of the region. It will also demonstrate the advantages of the use of renewable energy sources under unique mountain natural reservation conditions. Keeping in mind the practically unused potential of SHP in the Caucasus, Ural, Baikal, Altai regions (thousands MW), the projects realisation will initiate the development of a corresponding market with new opportunities for Russian and European technologies. The TC is inviting interested partners for cooperation. Our especial invitation we address to companies and organisations with experience of constructing and using drilling machines for mountain penstocks and of implementing similar projects in mountain regions in Europe. Due to the short time available I did not present the economic side of the projects. I and my colleagues will be very happy to discuss this and any other aspects during remainder of the Forum. EU-Russia Energy Dialogue TECHNOLOGY CENTRE
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