Re-Imagining Middle hill (PORTFOLIO)

Nottingham Lion Planning Consultancy Town & Urban Planning

REIMAGINING MIDDLE HILL

Salomey Adjei-Doku (N0434067) Lianne Grosvenor (N0448052) Esther Idoko (T2268754) Anum Rashid (T0007334) Urszula Wojcik (N0441973)

INTRODUCTION DOCUMENT OVERVIEW This document details a proposal by Nottingham Lion Planning Consultancy in response to the design competition hosted by Nottingham City Council to redevelop Middle Hill, Nottingham, NG1 7DW. THE BRIEF - CORE ELEMENTS & DESIGN PRINCIPLES Currently known as one of Nottingham’s ugliest streets, Middle Hill: •

Is a main gateway to the city

•

Fails to reflect the image the city wants to portray

In accordance to the brief delivered by the client, the proposal reimagines Middle Hill to be: •

A pedestrian friendly zone

•

An active and interactive welcome into the city

•

A safer environment for the users of future developments in the area, such as the proposed College facility

•

Visually appealing with better connectivity

HEALTH & WELLBEING Health and wellbeing is considered to be the core of the proposal, with provision of extensive cycle corridors and introduction of vegetation to promote a better environment for cyclists and pedestrians, and reduce vehicular movement. This will in turn improve air quality of the area, benefitting the end users.

2

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION

2

PART 1: CONTEXT & ANALYSIS 1.1 CONTEXT 1.2 ANALYSIS 1.3 SUMMARY

4 5 22 31

PART 2: PLANNING & GUIDANCE 2.1 LOCAL PLANNING POLICY 2.2 NATIONAL PLANNING POLICY 2.3 CITY CENTRE MASTERPLAN 2.4 INTU MASTERPLAN 2.5 ZONES OF REPAIR & REINVENTION 2.6 URBAN DESIGN GUIDES

32 33 34 35 37 38 39

PART 3: RESEARCH 3.1 PUBLIC CONSULATION 3.2 CITY PROPOSALS 3.3 PRECENDENTS

42 43 44 46

PART 4: DESIGN VISION

51

4.1

52

DESIGN VISION

PART 5: DESIGN DEVELOPMENT 5.1 ZONING 5.2 HIGHWAYS DEVELOPMENT

PART 6: THE PROPOSAL 6.1 MASTERPLAN 6.2 ACCESS AND MOVEMENT 6.3 MATERIALS 6.4 VISUAL APPREANCE

71 72 79 88 92

BIBLIOGRAPHY

96

APPENDIX 1 – Project Plan APPENDIX 2 – Promotional Material

57 58 66

3

PART 1 CONTEXT & ANALYSIS

4

1.1 1.1.1

CONTEXT Location

The site is located in Nottingham, a vibrant urban city in the county of Nottinghamshire, in England’s East Midlands region.

Nottingham is located near to neighbouring cities of Derby, Leicester and Loughborough, all being 40 minutes drive away. The M1, the nearest major motorway to Nottingham, is around 8 miles away from the city.

A range of A roads connect the city, with the most significant being the A60 and the A52 which bring traffic flow into the city centre, and connect Nottingham to London.

Nottingham is famed for its cultural, social, and historical heritage, including: its claim to Robin Hood, its caves attractions, the two universities, and lace-making and bicycle industries.

The application site of Middle Hill is a main vehicular and pedestrian thoroughfare into the city centre of Nottingham. The road connects Canal St., Weekday Cross, and Colin St. Situated at the site are the Broadmarsh Shopping Centre and Bus Station. Middle Hill also connects Nottingham Train Station to the historical city core and bounding areas of the Lace Market and Market Square.

5

APPLI CATI ON SI TE

TRENT ST.

Areas affected by the scheme

Image © Google Maps 2016 Accessed: 31.01.16

6

1.1 1.1.2

CONTEXT Historical Context

The site of Middle Hill has a long and varied past. Located on the south side of Nottingham, Middle Hill is part of the Broad Marsh and Narrow Marsh zone that developed by the River Leen. Only a trace of the River Leen, diverted from the area, remains now, as the Nottingham Canal.

Middle Hill was once called Mont Hall Hill, after the Guildhall which once stood atop its hill. In the mediaeval times, ‘the Marshes’ as they were called were sparsely inhabited.

Houses in Narrow Marsh had long gardens extended to the River Leen. Because of this, Nottingham in the 18th century became known as a ‘garden town’.

1744 Map (above): Broad and Narrow Marsh sparsely developed

However, this was not to continue. In the 19th century, the Marshes developed into one of the most populated areas in Nottingham. Attracted by the booming textiles industry, much labor workforce moved into Nottingham.

However, the cramped and overcrowded conditions created by mazes of back-to-back housing led to disease and crime in the area. Despite this, the community flourished and there was a strong sense of pride amongst the locals.

Slum clearance began with Narrow Marsh in the 1930s, being done in a fragmentary fashion because of the First World War happening at the same time.

1880s Map (above): Dense development of Broad and Narrow Marsh and surrounding areas

7

1.1 1.1.2

CONTEXT Historical Context (cont.)

In the late 1910s the development of the railway system into Nottingham meant that two railway viaducts were built which convened at Middle Hill. These remained in use until 1967 when Victoria Station was demolished.

The Broadmarsh Shopping Centre and Bus Station, prominent features of Middle Hill, are built on the site of the old slum network. However, the Shopping Centre was not built without controversy. Almost the whole Broadmarsh area was demolished to make way for the Shopping Centre.

Despite much local opposition and protest, Drury Hill, the most historic street in the Marshes, was also demolished to make way for the 1960s brutalist shopping center. The Shopping Centre opened in 1975.

1950s Map (above): Slum clearance and railway tracks at Middle Hill

The Centre currently boasts 89 units and 487,000 sqft. of retail, catering and leisure space. However, the Centre was also once voted ‘ugliest building in Nottingham’.

Nottingham City Council have tried for almost 20 years to redevelop the Centre and the Broadmarsh area. Currently, intu Properties are looking into the redevelopment the Broadmarsh Centre, although no significant plans for the redevelopment of the wider area, other than a proposed college facility at Maltmill Lane, is planned.

1990s Map (above): The current situation at Middle Hill remains as it was in the 1990s

8

CONTEXT

1.1.3 Micro Scale Size The application area is approximately 8730m², although it is anticipated that proposals for Middle Hill will be farreaching, also affecting the surrounding streets and roads up to Weekday Cross and to Station St. Enclosure Middle Hill is bounded by and connects into Canal St. to the South, Collin St. to the West, the NET tram viaduct to the East, and Weekday Cross to the North.

Ownership The site of Middle Hill is under joint ownership of the client, Nottingham City Council, of intu Properties PLC (owners of the Broadmarsh Centre & Station), and the Highways Agency.

Existing Vegetation/ Wildlife No vegetation or wildlife is currently present along Middle Hill road. Further down at Sussex St. there is presence of vegetation.

Site Features The site is predominantly made up of hard surfaces, including: tarmacadam, brown brick, concrete, and steel fittings e.g. barrier systems and tram tracks. Anti-pedestrian pebble/stone floors are also present.

Image Š Google Maps 2016 Accessed: 31.01.16

TRENT ST.

1.1

Above: Site in context

SITE Left: Site location plan

9

1.1

CONTEXT

1.1.4

Architectural Context

Townscape In the local area surrounding Middle Hill are a range of multi-story buildings, other than the Broadmarsh Shopping Centre and Bus Station, including: government buildings, apartments, housing, offices, cultural buildings, and other commercial uses.

Key Observations An eclectic mixture of architectural styles, common throughout Nottingham’s city core, is present toward the North of Middle Hill, at the Weekday Cross Junction. Historic buildings sit in close juxtaposition with brutalist, post-war development and modern buildings.

Image Š Google Maps 2016 Accessed: 31.01.16

Any proposal will need to take the existing architectural context of the wider surrounding area and carefully approach how to blend Middle Hill into such eclectic surroundings.

10

1.1 1.1.4

CONTEXT Architectural Context (cont.)

Materials Common materials used in the local area include: concrete, brown or red brickwork, Portland stone (or materials coloured to look like Portland stone), light render, and large expanses of glazing. However, they are monotonous, and are not particularly inspiring or insinuative of a city gateway.

1

Breaks in the Trend An anomaly to the prevalent trend is the Contemporary art gallery. Clad in green precast concrete and golden anodised aluminium, it has become a landmark and is a visually striking building in the area. Its presence has begun the introduction of a modern, contemporary palette into the area, which Middle Hill is presently sorely lacking in.

3

2 4

11

1.1 1.1.4

CONTEXT Architectural Context (cont.)

Roadscape The current roadscape mirrors the uninspiring townscape, which is a major concern as it is a prominent route into the city centre. It is a major transit route for public transport and pedestrians, and also connects cars to parking and is major tram route.

Key Observations The materials palette at the moment is a reflection, as noted, of the townscape – bland, grey, and uninspiring. Cheap materials are used throughout the area, enhancing its ‘transitory’ feel. The road dominates the Hill, and pedestrians are relegated to narrow pathways, creating an unsafe environment.

12

1.1 1.1.5

CONTEXT Key Buildings

These buildings are considered key to the scheme as they either bound Middle Hill or are of high importance to the city.

5. Nottingham Crown Court 6. Nottingham Railway Station 7. Loxley House 8. Capital One 9. St. Mary’s Church

1. Broad Marsh Centre 2. Broadmarsh Bus Station 3. Nottingham Contemporary 4. Pitcher & Piano

1 6 9

3 4

2

1

7

2

5 7

8

3/4 8

6

5 9 13

1.1

CONTEXT

1.1.6

Site Condition

The site currently is in an aesthetically challenging condition. These photographs, taken from Weekday Cross to Collin St., begin to describe the nature of the problem.

1

Broadmarsh Shopping Centre is highlighted in green in images (left) – tackling this facade is key to improving Middle Hill.

Brown brick (poorly maintained), extensive use of hard surfaces, lack of active or interesting facades, poor pedestrianisation, and traffic congestion negatively impact the area, resulting in a drab, ugly environment.

2

3

Photo Index

4

5

6

7

8

9

1- View down Low Pavement 2- View of Severn’s House (opposite the Contemporary Gallery) 3- Broadmarsh Centre service yard 4- View up Middle Hill toward Weekday Cross 5- View of tram crossing junction 6- View down toward Broadmarsh Bus Station 7- View of Broadmarsh Centre Facade at Middle Hill 8- View up toward Weekday Cross from Collin St. 9- Anti-pedestrian pebble/stone floor system a junction between Colin St. and Middle Hill

Above: Close picture of anti-pedestrian pebbling at Colin St./ Middle Hill junction

14

1.1

CONTEXT

1.1.6

Site Condition (cont.)

Middle Hill connects with Collin St. at its halfway point. Collin St. is a heavy carrier of vehicular traffic and acts as a major road, circulating traffic into and around the city.

Proposals at Middle Hill will extend onto Collin

1

St. in order to improve the general aesthetic of the whole area. As a gateway to the city, it’s considered crucial that there is improvement of the facades of the Broadmarsh buildings, the suspended glazed walkways between the two, and pedestrianisation/ traffic control.

2

Photo Index

5

3

4

6

7

1- View at junction of Middle Hill and Collin St. 2- View of Broadmarsh buildings and glass links 3- View of the Broadmarsh Bus Station 4- View of fenestration on Broadmarsh Shopping Centre 5- Bus stops along Collin St. 6- Glazed links adjoining the Broadmarsh buildings 7- View of Colin St. to Carrington St. junction

Above: Photographs along Collin St.

15

1.1

CONTEXT

1.1.6

Site Condition (cont.)

The surrounding area also includes Sussex St., which is at a lower level than Middle Hill itself, but meets with Middle Hill at Canal St. junction (image 3).

1

Pedestrian traffic along Sussex St. is only poised to increase with new proposed College facility at brownfield land nearby.

The proposed new tram stop at Colin St. also includes improving of Sussex St. as it is a main daily thoroughfare for hundreds of pedestrians.

Broadmarsh Centre & Bus Station have adjoining links to Sussex St. via subways beneath Middle Hill (images 5 and 9).

2

3

Photo Index

4

5

6

7

8

9

1- View from Middle Hill to Sussex St. 2- View down to brownfield wasteland site east of the Broadmarsh Centre 3- Canal St./ Middle Hill/ Sussex St. junction 4- Canal St. pedestrian crossing 5- Subway entrance to Broadmarsh buildings 6- View down Sussex St. to Canal St. 7- View down Sussex St. toward Cliff Rd. 8- Narrow alley beside substation on Sussex St. 9- Second subway entrance to Broadmarsh Shopping Centre

Above: Photographs on Sussex St. and Broadmarsh entrances

16

1.1

CONTEXT

1.1.7 Conservation & Heritage The application area borders a number of conservation areas and is also close to a high quantity of Listed buildings. To the North is the Lace Market conservation area, which includes the Lace Market escarpment (of which the Nottingham Contemporary and Pitcher and Piano are a part). To the South is the Station conservation area. Also bounding to the South West and North West are the Nottingham Canal and the Old Market Square conservation areas.

Although the site itself is not within a conservation area, their nearby location was still considered of great importance during the design of the scheme The scheme proposal has been designed to be as sensitive as possible to these areas, designed to work to enhance entrance to these areas as much as possible.

KEY

Image & Key Š Nottinghamshire Insight Mapping 2016

17

1.1 1.1.8

CONTEXT Archaeology

There is an extensive network of caves running beneath the site of Middle Hill, accessed from the Broadmarsh Centre’s, ‘City of Caves’ attraction on the first floor.

‘City of Caves’ caves location

These caves are part of the mediaeval cave system which existed in historic Nottingham, and were once accessed via the homes that lined Drury Hill before its demolition.

Other caves near the site, beneath the Contemporary gallery and at Weekday Cross have since been filled in or destroyed by construction works.

Known caves within Nottingham City Centre. Nearest to Middle Hill are highlighted.

Many of the caves at Middle Hill are manmade, carved into the sandstone rock beneath the site.

It is not expected that the proposals will affect the cave system beneath the site, as proposals are focused mainly on the aesthetic improvement of Middle Hill, although it is necessary to keep in mind the cave system and any effect proposals may have on tourism to the caves.

SITE

Every effort will be made to avoid affecting the cave system otherwise.

Nottingham caves survey showing condition of nearby caves.

18

1.1

CONTEXT

1.1.9

Existing Broadmarsh Centre Plans & Internal/ External Levels

The site of Middle Hill has an extremely sloped topography, dropping from 40m at Weekday Cross, to 24.7m at the Canal St. junction, and so the existing buildings which stand on it are designed to respond to the change. Key plan and sections are of the existing Broadmarsh Centre and the surrounding streets. The way in which the building responds to the levels is complex, but it

was necessary to understand the functions behind the brown brick facade at Middle Hill in order to begin to solve the problem of creating a more active facade.

Currently the side of the Broadmarsh Centre in question operates as back of house storage for many shops, and has services functions.

This could prove problematic in opening up the facade and creating pedestrian interaction at this particular junction.

19

1.1 1.1.9

CONTEXT Existing Broadmarsh Centre Plans & Internal/ External Levels (cont.)

Key Characteristics of Middle Hill • Hill declines to the South, • Levels are complex, • No exit for entrance to Broadmarsh from Middle Hill, • Delivery access for Broadmarsh is at Middle Hill (service yard access), • Blank facades and little interests due to use of rooms backing onto Middle Hill as store rooms/ plant rooms/ services.

EAST ELEVATION

Delivery Access

SITE SECTIONS

20

1.1 1.1.10

CONTEXT Planning History

Middle Hill has been the subject of a number of proposals over the past few years.

Unrealised major planning applications for the redevelopment of the Broadmarsh buildings include applications

by Westfield from 2002-2011. These included applications for the demolition of the centre, bus station and car park, and a £400 million plan for the redevelopment of a new centre and transport hub.

However, this has since failed to happen and Westfield sold Broadmarsh to intu Properties PLC (formerly Capital Shopping Centres – owners of the Nottingham’s Victoria Shopping Centre) in 2011 (BBC (2011).

Current proposals by intu for the Broadmarsh buildings are not as extensive or intensive as Westfield’s proposals, with only £50million of refurbishment to be spent, although the proposal does include new restaurants, a multi-screen cinema at Middle Hill corner, and the improving of Carrington St. to better link the train station with the city centre.

Other proposals in the area which could significantly impact on the proposed scheme include a proposal by Central College Nottingham for a new educational facility at the brownfield site adjoining Sussex Street.

Westfield unrealised proposals. 3D aerial of Broadmarsh area.

Intu proposals.

Artists’ impressions of Middle Hill.

Central college proposals artists’ impressions. View from Middle Hill.

21

1.2 1.2.1

ANALYSIS Use

An analysis of the building uses around Middle Hill show that there are a wide variety of building uses within Nottingham City Centre, with a mixture of residential, business, cultural, commercial, and transport related activities taking place in buildings near to the site.

The proposal at Middle Hill seeks to enhance Nottingham as a whole, creating a place that would attract more footfall into the city and a wider variety of business as a result.

Enhancing Middle Hill will not only improve the first impressions of the city for those arriving at Nottingham Train and Bus Station, but will also improve the daily commute of hundreds of current employees at offices surrounding the site and for hundreds of future student commuters to the proposed College.

KEY Site Boundary

Business

Transport

Government

Residential

Mixed Use

Cultural

Commercial

22

1.2 1.2.2

ANALYSIS Public Green Space

Within the city centre there is a distinct lack of designated public green space. Nottingham Canal has also been highlighted as a natural element in an otherwise ‘hard’ environment.

At Middle Hill in particular the lack of vegetation is keenly felt. Hard surfaces dominate the area. There is an opportunity therefore to improve the visual impact and general healthiness of the area with introduction of vegetation in the proposal.

1.2.3

Parking

Parking throughout the city centre is plenteous , with a mixture of both multi-story and on street parking in close vicinity to Middle Hill. Proposals to pedestrianize Middle Hill and control traffic flow along the street will need careful planning so as to negate negative impact on these facilities.

KEY Site Boundary

Canal

Green Space

Parking Space

23

1.2 1.2.4

ANALYSIS Access & Movement

Vehicular The lower side of Middle Hill (towards Canal St.) is a main vehicular thoroughfare, carrying traffic from Collin St. to Canal St. The upper side of Middle Hill is less congested, carrying mostly public transportation, although cars also currently use the road to access Lace Market parking. Broadmarsh service yard for deliveries is also accessed via Middle Hill.

Safety Concerns As a main thoroughfare, congestion and air pollution are becoming a real issue for Middle Hill. The roads are over-engineered, carrying an excess of traffic on multiple lanes and causing issues with pedestrian and bicyclers safety.

KEY Site Boundary

No Left Turn

Primary Road

No Right Turn

Secondary Road

Prohibited Entry

Minor Road

Turn Left

Junction

Turn Right

24

1.2 1.2.4

ANALYSIS Access & Movement (cont.)

Pedestrian Pedestrian movement over Middle Hill is constant, as it acts as a gateway connection into the city centre. Pedestrian flow is mainly from office workers travelling towards Canal St. or Carrington St., or from arrivals from or travellers to the train station. The constant flow of pedestrians viewing Middle Hill on a daily basis make it a prime location for attractive development; a location which is currently sorely underdeveloped.

Safety Concerns Pedestrian safety is a major concern due to poor provision of pedestrian pathways and the dominance of vehicular thoroughfare.

Junctions are difficult to cross and crossing roads at any point except where designated is dangerous due to the lack of traffic calming measures. The proposal seeks to rectify this and makes pedestrianisation a core principle.

Traffic light crossing

Tram crossing Traffic light crossing

Traffic light crossing Traffic light crossing

KEY Site Boundary

Secondary Route

Primary Route

Minor Route

25

1.2 1.2.4

FOOTNOTE

ANALYSIS

http://www.sustrans.org. uk/ncn/map

Access & Movement (cont.)

Cycle Facilities

P

Cycle facilities at Middle Hill are currently unsatisfactory. Examples of this are shown below. Nottingham has a city cycle scheme, with many parking bays and lockers located at various points around the city. However, cycle lanes around the city do not reflect this.

Improving these cycle lane facilities gave also been a core principle of the proposal.

P

P

P

L

P

P

P

P

P

P P P P

P P P

L

KEY Site Boundary Clear Zone Local Route (not part of National Network)

P L

Cycle Parking

P

Cycle Lockers

L 26

L

1.2 1.2.4

ANALYSIS Access & Movement (cont.)

Public Transport Due to the central location of Middle Hill, public transportation links connecting into the site are excellent. Nottingham Bus and Coach station is located directly west of the site, Nottingham Train Station 5 minutes walk due South of the site, and two NET tram stops 4-5 minutes walk away as indicated.

The proposed scheme has taken into account this central nature of the site, and existing traffic flow of public transport along Middle Hill. A responsive design has been formulated that aims to promote use of public transport, integrating it with a holistic pedestrian strategy.

KEY Site Boundary NET Route NET & Bus Route Bus Routes & Bus Station

NET Stop Proposed NET Stop Railway Line & Railway Station

27

1.2 1.2.5

ANALYSIS Key Views & Vistas

It has been noted that there are a number of key views that have needed addressing in the scheme – enhancing, capturing and framing them to enhance the imageability of the area have been integral to the design.

V1 V4 V3

V2

View 1: View toward Nottingham Castle, currently obscured by Broadmarsh Centre service yard

View 2: View from Middle Hill over the south side of the city View 3: View toward Castle from Collin St. currently obscured by link bridges

View 4: View toward Lace Market cliff from Collin St.

28

1.2

ANALYSIS

1.2.6

Perception & Activity

Public Realm Frontages around Middle Hill vary due to varying uses of the surrounding buildings.

Patterns amongst local groupings in response to street importance and other factors have dictated the sides that are maximised for frontage and which sides are used as backs & services.

However, along Middle Hill this response is poor, with much of the Broadmarsh Centre and Car Park fronting onto the road used as back of house or services functions which has resulted in a lack of public realm and dead space.

It will be important for the proposal to extend existing commercial frontage and interest along Middle Hill through the refurbishment of the Centre and Car Park.

Noise & Activity Noise is a major issues along Middle Hill currently due to major vehicular use.

Pedestrian activity in the area is mainly recorded at the Bus Station and along Colin St. as citizens wait for buses. The proposal works to tackle the issues of noisiness at the site and promote Middle Hill as a place of commercial activity.

KEY Site Boundary

Governmental

Backs & Services

Residential

Commercial

Points of Interest

Landmarks Noise

29

1.2

ANALYSIS

1.2.7 Geological Analysis The geological survey of the site shows that the ground is made up predominantly of Alluvium, which is a mixture of Clay, Silt, Sand and Gravel, as well as partially being founded upon Sandstone, towards the North of the site.

Geology Key

Site

Evidence of previous developments on the site (see point 1.2 – Site History) also brings the possibility of fill, foundations, or the basements of previous buildings under the site. Despite this, works are not expected to affect the geology or any caves below the site.

1.2.8 Flood Risk & Water Table Founded upon historically boggy ground, the site has a mediaeval history of flooding. The presence of the nearby Nottingham Canal suggests a high water table at the site, and also poses the risk of flooding. However, such a steeply sloped site is not at as much risk of flooding as lower areas nearer the Canal. It is not expected that flooding will affect the proposals.

Flood Risk Key

Site

30

1.3

SWOT SUMMARY

S - Strengths

W – Weaknesses

• •

• • • • • •

• • • • •

Excellent links to public transport Active environment, with constant pedestrian footfall and vehicular flow Excellent social & business links Currently acts as a gateway into the city centre – making it one of the first streets to be seen by visitors entering Nottingham An array of façades and zones allow for more freedom with design and wide range of design ideas The road itself is a wide, well connected highway – a key connection point of different areas of the city Great views over the city, toward the castle, and to the Lace Market historical buildings

• • •

Known as one of the ugliest streets in Nottingham Seen as a transit zone – people do not want to linger Flanked by brutalist 1960s buildings Facades of these buildings are visually poor Visually very grey, dull, uninspiring (even depressing) zone Being a busy vehicular thoroughfare makes it noisy with poor air quality £400million Westfield plans scrapped for £50m plans by intu which are not as extensive, inspiring, or wholly regenerative Lacks any vegetation, green areas and nice social spaces Vehicle dominated – not pedestrian friendly or cycle friendly at all – unsafe for non-car users

O – Opportunities

T – Threats

•

•

• • • • • •

Potential to become more than a transitory zone – potential to be transformed into an amazing social space Potential to become a beautifully landscaped zone & a UK success story Wide expanse of road allows for the use of shared surfaces and better, clearer road space designations Cutting off traffic/ regulating from Collin St and Middle Hill will make it a more lively social space The redevelopment will create jobs Enhance the Creative Quarter by creating an impactful gateway and setting the scene of social and creativity Opportunity to promote better healthier lifestyles

• •

Diverting traffic/ re-routing traffic from Middle Hill could cause negative impact on surrounding streets, causing congestion This will also be negative as drivers find new routes– especially negative for High Pavement - all traffic on historic streets needs to be avoided It may be too difficult to re-structure the road layout – a smoother system for vehicle movement may not be easily achieved

31

PART 2 PLANNING

32

2.1 2.1.1

LOCAL PLANNING POLICY Nottingham Local Plan

THE CITY CENTRE Nottingham is one of the leading cities in the East Midlands in terms of its employment, leisure and retail offer, and it is also one of the eight ‘Core Cities’ in England. As a result, planning for the growth of Nottingham’s economy is a key priority of the emerging Aligned Core Strategy.

City Centre sites, especially Middle Hill and surrounding areas, usually give the first impression of Nottingham to visitors. The current image of this significant part of the city is not fit for purpose; the scheme therefore aims to reimagine Middle Hill and its surrounding areas into a place that is fitting for a leading city in the U.K. REGENERATION The City Council originally designated 3 key areas in the adopted Local Plan called ‘Regeneration Zones’ which are carried forward in Policy 7 of the Emerging Core Strategy.

To provide a focus for physical improvements, a public consultation has been carried out and the predominant response for the area was for it to have ‘more greenery’ and for the area to be ‘pedestrianised’ and ‘more welcoming to visitors’.

To ensure that the change is managed and brings real sustainable improvements that broaden economic prospects in the area, the proposal looks into other potential developments around the area to produce a scheme that ties into all other efforts to re-image.

ATTRACTIVE AND SAFE NEIGHBOURHOODS Local planning policy documents state that, “It is essential that Nottingham’s neighbourhoods are well designed, safe and inclusive, as well as locally distinctive”. In response, the scheme aims to incorporate elements such as decorative street lighting, lace patterned acoustic panels, cycle paths with rows of planters, themed seating areas and sculpture trails.

OPEN SPACES Lively and welcoming areas that are well lit, with ample seating are proposed in the scheme. The scheme is designed to be a major transit hub that accommodates all members of society. Various nodes around the site will have organised seating and greenery. Materials and sculptures have also been chosen to reflect Nottingham's industrial history.

COMBATTING CLIMATE CHANGE LOCALLY The scheme aims to tackle climate change by offering initiatives that support walking and cycling through pedestrianisation. It also encourages the use of more environmentally friendly electrical vehicles by providing car charging areas. All of these will provide cumulative benefits which will be felt across the city.

33

2.2 2.2.1

NATIONAL PLANNING POLICY National Planning Policy Framework

NPPF Paragraph 165 The natural environment has been considered so as to avoid unnecessary destruction and recycle of materials where possible.

The materials for the scheme have been chosen to enhance the area as a major entry point into Nottingham and they will be locally sourced to reduce Carbon footprint. A supporting statement of this from the NPPF:

NPPF paragraph 132, 134 and 135 - (Effect of proposals on its surrounding) The proposed material palette is in keeping with the surrounding setting.

RC2 – Community and Education Facilities a) The proposed scheme is well located in relation to the city zones it serves and in relation to public transport facilities, including the NET tram network. b) There will be provision of safer open spaces.

Environment Planning policies and decisions should be based on up-to-date information about the natural environment and other characteristics of the area including drawing, for example, from River Basin Management Plans. Working with Local Nature Partnerships where appropriate, this should include an assessment of existing and potential components of ecological networks. A sustainability appraisal which meets the requirements of the European Directive on strategic environmental assessment should be an integral part of the plan preparation process, and should consider all the likely significant effects on the environment, economic and social factors.

NPPF Paragraph 171 (Health and well-being) The core aim of the scheme is to provide an area that accommodates all members of the community whilst also helping to contribute to their health and well-being by incorporating plants, lighting, cycling facilities and seating areas, thereby supporting this statement: Health and well-being Local planning authorities should work with public health leads and health organisations to understand and take account of the health status and needs of the local population (such as for sports, recreation and places of worship), including expected future changes, and any information about relevant barriers to improving health and well-being.

c) The amenity of neighbouring properties will not be adversely affected by the proposal.

RC5 – Protection of Open Spaces The proposed scheme aims to make the area more conducive for pedestrians through a zoning system that regulates traffic, and by the integration of lights and greenery. These measures will cause the area to appear softer and thus it will be less prone to crime.

E33 – Light Pollution A full lighting scheme has not yet been designed. As Middle Hill is a major passage way, street lights are required for safety purposes. The site location is central enough to be potentially disruptive and as such low level decorative lighting is proposed along Sussex Street. All light fittings shall comply with Institute of Lighting Professionals Guidance for the Reduction of Obtrusive Light – Zone E2.

E34 – Control of Noise Nuisance As Middle Hill is a major passage way, high levels of noise are expected, but where possible, acoustic panels that comply with acoustic and fire regulations, as well as HPN 00 10 Part B regulations will be adopted.

T12 – Facilities for People with Limited Mobility The proposals will satisfy Part M of the Building Regulations. A lift is proposed to access Collin St. & Sussex St. and level access is to be provided along with contrasting coloured handles, signage, vision panels and handrails for easy navigation.

34

2.3 2.3.1

CITY CENTRE MASTERPLAN DEVELOPMENT MASTERPLAN

The Site

NOTTINGHAM CITY CENTRE URBAN DESIGN GUIDE May 2009

FOOTNOTE The location of the site in the City Centre Masterplan suggests that it is an opportune site for development.

35

2.3 2.3.2

CITY CENTRE MASTERPLAN TRAFFIC MASTERPLAN

The traffic proposals by the Council for the Middle Hill zone and surrounding areas are indicated above and to the right. In the proposals, Middle Hill is proposed to only allow car access to the carpark on Weekday Cross, with mainly only bus and cycle access provided along the road.

36

2.4 2.4.1

INTU MASTERPLAN INTU MIDDLE HILL PROPOSAL Intu PLC Properties proposals for the Broadmarsh Centre have been approved since June 2015. Even so, discussions to redesign the proposal are underway following local architects calling further design of the proposal. The scheme is part of a ÂŁ250millon investment by both intu and Nottingham City Council into the Broadmarsh Area. The current proposal lacks appeal, as it does not provide character and does not strengthen the identity of the area. The redesign is of high importance and should strengthen the Broadmarsh Zone as a gateway into the city centre.

PROPOSED ELEVATIONS

VISUALS

37

2.5

ZONES OF REPAIR AND REINVENTION FOOTNOTE The location of the site in the zones of repair and reinvention suggest that the development will need to take into account the Council recommendations for both zones so as to design a successful scheme which enhances both areas.

The Site

NOTTINGHAM CITY CENTRE URBAN DESIGN GUIDE May 2009

38

2.6 2.6.1

URBAN DESIGN GUIDES NOTTINGHAM STREETSCAPE MANUAL

Pedestrian/Vehicular: This section of the manual offers a guide for streets with moderate vehicle and pedestrian flows where neither pedestrians nor vehicles are dominant. Design consideration has been made to accommodate vehicles whilst still maintaining a pedestrianised feel.

2.6.2

2.6.3

URBAN DESIGN GUIDE

Public Realm: “The public realm strategy relates to the specifications set out in the Streetscape Design Manual for streets in the city centre. This is based on the type of street, the importance of the street in the city and the level of pedestrian flow.� The scheme has set out to adopt some materials similar to other public areas around the city centre, especially Goldsmith Street which uses predominantly city paving to achieve a pedestrianised feel.

MANUAL FOR STREETS

Manual for Streets (MfS) is a document that is to be used predominantly for the design, construction, adoption and maintenance of new residential streets.

The principles of inclusive design have been utilised in the scheme to make sure that Middle Hill can be flexible and accommodates all users or at least offers choices where a single solution cannot suffice. The scheme also aims to provide environments that are convenient and enjoyable to use.

Specification 1 Granite: Only used in prestigious locations such as squares and spaces.

Specification 2 Yorkstone: Only used where the streets are fronted by old and architecturally distinguished buildings made from natural materials and streets where there is existing Yorkstone.

Specification 3 City Paving: Used on major transport arteries that run through the city centre and provide access to it. Also used on streets with high pedestrian flow and restricted vehicular access.

39

FOOTNOTE:

2.6

URBAN DESIGN GUIDES

2.6.4

NOTTINGHAM CITY CYCLE DESIGN GUIDE

The Nottingham Design Guide covers in detail the more relevant local issues such as cycle interaction with trams and route maintenance.

Characteristics of Nottingham’s Network Nottingham's cycle network will comprise the highway network (modified where necessary), together with traffic free routes which offer more direct journeys and attractive areas in which to cycle. Within this network more strategic main routes will be identified for prioritisation of investment and promotion.

Top 10 tips for user-focused design for cycling

1

Cyclists are important

2

User experience

3

Target User

4

Design in line with cycle training

5

Cycles are vehicles

6

Cycles are muscle powered

7

Make space for cyclists

8

Tame Traffic

9

Continuity and quality of standards

10

Behaviour of other users

This guidance is a Nottingham specific technical design note for cycle infrastructure based on the following documents: • Sustrans Handbook for cycle friendly design (Sustrans 2014) • London Cycle Design Standards (Transport for London 2014) • International Cycling Infrastructure Best Practice Study (Transport for London 2014)

40

2.6

URBAN DESIGN GUIDES

2.6.4

NOTTINGHAM CITY CYCLE DESIGN GUIDE (cont.)

Tram stops The width of carriageways between tram rails and the kerb narrows on the approach to stops. For future routes, segregated cycle provision should bypass tram stops by providing ‘floating’ stops. Only where the space available does not allow for this type of facility should shared use around the back of stops be considered.

Use of rubber infills The tram operator (NET) has clarified the position with regard to the use of “rubber infills” for tram rails. This states that their use cannot be endorsed. Whilst the intention of these ‘infills’ is to address the hazard of cyclist in grooves, in doing so they introduce a wide range of other issues and hazards to other users. This point is supported by trials carried out on tram systems worldwide.

41

PART 3 RESEARCH

42

3.1

PUBLIC CONSULTATION FOOTNOTE:

3.1.1

PUBLIC CONSULATION

TEXT.

3.1.2

PUBLIC VIEWS

TEXT.

85%

35%

Greenery and 10%

45%

A public consultation was held to ascertain public views on what Middle Hill currently feels like to them (this was gauged by asking for a colour that Middle Hill most evoked when though of or seen). The highest responses were of the colours brown, dark grey and light grey.

When next asked what they would like Middle Hill to ‘be’ (i.e. the feeling of being in the area), the highest responses were of the colours green (in relation to more vegetation as per comments), and yellow/ orange with pink and blue following.

The association with bright colours tells us that the area is currently so depressing that even the public feel as though it would need creative intervention to create a better feeling environment to be in and to move through.

43

3.2 3.2.1

CITY PROPOSALS CITY CYCLE & BUS AND TRAFFIC PROPOSALS

FOOTNOTE http://transport2.notting hamcity.gov.uk/cycle/cons ultation.aspx

‘Western Corridor’ Route Proposal Nottingham City Council’s proposed £6.1m Cycle City improvements are being planned, and businesses and tenants along the Western Corridor route are being encouraged to have their say in the scheme.

A cycle superhighway that runs along Castle Boulevard to Abbey Street and up towards Gregory Street is what is envisioned. This is a two-way segregated route that runs alongside the road. Parking provision will be reduced somewhat significantly. Also proposed is the closure of Grove Road/Castle Boulevard junction to motorised vehicles with further no entry at Harley Street from Abbey Bridge roundabout.

The proposed scheme would like to extend cycle proposals into the Middle Hill zone or along Canal Street to create a cycle corridor which is central to the route.

44

3.2 3.2.1

CITY PROPOSALS CITY CYCLE & BUS AND TRAFFIC PROPOSALS (cont.)

Go Ultra Low The Go Ultra Low city scheme has been awarded to Nottingham as the city has demonstrated the most potential for a ‘low emission’ city. The funding announced is £30million and will be used to enable local authorities and bus operators to replace existing vehicles with greener, cutting-edge alternatives to help clean up air quality.

FOOTNOTE https://www.gov.uk/govern ment/news/65-millionfunding-for-ultra-lowemission-cities-and-greenbuses

Scheme Aims: • Car clubs • Charging network for electric cars • Park and Rides • ‘Smart City’ technology test bed • Generate renewable energies for Robin Hood Energy “Nottinghamshire and Derby will use £6 million of funding to install 230 charge points and will offer ULEV owners discount parking, as well as access to over 13 miles of bus lanes along key routes across the cities. The investment will also pay for a new business support programme, letting local companies ‘try before they buy’.” https://www.goultralow.com/go-ultra-low-cities-winnersannounced/ The incorporation of the Go Ultra Low scheme within the proposed scheme is proposed in order to promote car clubs and the new charging hub points for ULEVs (ultra low emission vehicles).

45

3.3 3.3.1

PRECEDENTS PRECEDENTS ANALYSIS

Proposed Collin St. Tram Stop Lift Reference Map

Key Words: o Mixed Use o DDA Accessibility o Lighting o Glass Bridge o Interest o Intrigue o Identity Precedent: URBAN ELEVATOR BY VAUMM, SPAIN “An outdoor elevator connects the mountainside neighbourhoods of a Spanish town to those in the valley.”

46

3.3 3.3.1

PRECEDENTS PRECEDENTS ANALYSIS

Middle Hill (Upper) Reference Map

Above: Highcross, Leicester

Above: Lonsdale Street, Dandenong

Key Words:

Above: Lighting Station, Copenhagen

Above: Chromaphos large-scale painting / window installation at Eurolce showroom in Melbourne

Above: Cycle Parking at Rock Hill, SC

o Shared Surfaces o Level Access o Lighting o Glass Bridge o Quirky Details o Cycle Facilities o Views

47

3.3 3.3.1

PRECEDENTS PRECEDENTS ANALYSIS

Middle Hill (Lower) Reference Map

Above: Pedestrian Zones, Leicester

Queens Plaza, NY

Key Words:

Above: Cycling Lines, Leicester

o Pedestrian Zones o Cycling Lanes o Lighting o Seating o Urban Details

Above: Cycle lanes in Copenhagen, Denmark

Above: High Line, NYC

Above: Polk Street, San Francisco

48

3.3 3.3.1

PRECEDENTS PRECEDENTS ANALYSIS

Sussex Street Reference Map

Above: Plaza del Torico, Spain

Above: Western Distributor, Ultimo

Above: Vegan Restaurant, Madrid

Above: Laumeier Sculpture Park, NY

Above: Cal Lane - Shovels

Above: Sydney, Australia

Key Words: o Sculptures o Art o Lighting o Patterns (Lace) o Urban o Colours o Visual Interest o Experiences o History

49

3.3 3.3.1

PRECEDENTS PRECEDENTS ANALYSIS

Above: Aukland Apartments, New Zealand

Initial Cladding Ideas

Above: Hyderabad, India

Key Words: Above: Berschbach Apartment Building, Luxembourg

Above: Arts Pavillion, Belgium

o Striking o Interesting o Natural o Affordable o Visually Pleasing

Above: Timber Cladding

50

PART 4 DESIGN VISION

51

4.1 4.1.1

DESIGN VISION THE CITY FOR PEOPLE Human Dimension We shape our cites - then they shape us • We have used public consultation to approach design solutions to approach use of colour within the scheme and possible new facilities.

• Precedents of regeneration projects in other cities will be used to inform design with the aim of influencing users to take a healthy approach to the city.

Creating Connections Connect the city as a whole • We have identified key buildings which we wish to strengthen visual links to.

• Create historical connections to Nottingham’s interesting past .

• Provide connection to the Creative Quarter and the proposed College facilities with an art sculpture trail on Sussex Street.

Healthy Nottingham Promoting Green Lifestyle • We are proposing to make Nottingham a cycle friendly city with new cycle lanes and secure bike storage, starting at Middle Hill.

• Introduce new green space and vegetation.

• Propose ‘Go Ultra Low‘ scheme on Trent Street to provide Electric Car Charging Hub. Experiences Engage the public with the surroundings • Introduce interest with arts & creative sculpture in less desirable areas.

• Use seating and attractive landscaping to provide resting zones to encourage the public to stay in the area.

52

4.1 4.1.2

DESIGN VISION HUMAN DIMENSION We shape our cites - then they shape us

Public Colours From the consultation we found most people wanted the area to be more green and colourful with colours such as pink and blue. We will try to introduce these colours using planting.

Facilities Consultation allowed us to focus on providing more green space and cycle facilities in the city.

Copenhagen Copenhagen is a ‘green city capital’ and has many innovative areas that are to be used in the scheme, from cycling to urban landscaping.

53

4.1 4.1.3

DESIGN VISION CREATING CONNECTIONS Connect the city as a whole

Key buildings Our proposal has key visuals points through the site to key building in Nottingham. We wish develop and enhance these views.

Historical The proposal will provide connection to historical context with visual sculptures indicating past events e.g. the railway viaduct construction and Lace Industry.

Creative Quarter & the Nottingham Contemporary The site will visually try to connect to the Gallery by using lighting and urban graphics to indicate the area.

54

4.1 4.1.4

DESIGN VISION HEALTHY NOTTINGHAM Promoting Green Lifestyle Cycle Friendly City For our scheme we will provide cycle lanes along roads and use interesting cycle storage to promote cycling within the city.

Vegetation Vegetation provides the public with space to relax and can be provided through landscaping, introduction of trees and green walling.

Green Technology Possible funding can be found for electric car charging hub which can promote the city users to invest in ‘green’ technology and ‘green’ lifestyle.

55

4.1 4.1.5

DESIGN VISION EXPERIENCES Engage public with surroundings Art sculptures Used to focus peoples attention the use of art sculptures could be used to intrigue and interest users in the local area.

Lighting Lighting can provide experiences by projecting colour and can be used to cause areas to be perceived to be safer.

Seating Seating will be used to combat the space becoming a transit space and encourage the active use of the space, that users will relax and stay longer.

56

PART 5 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

57

5.1 5.1.1

ZONING FUNCTIONS

Although the original site ends at Middle Hill, we decided to extend the boundaries from Weekday Cross to Station Street. This is because we felt that the design at Middle Hill could not stand in isolation – it would certainly have a knock on effect to the surrounding areas.

After some discussion we divided the site into seven zones and proposed changes according to the needs of each area.

All the colours of the proposals (in our sketches) were inspired by the public consultation. The following slides delve further into the design development of each zone.

Zone 1 Weekday Cross

Zone 2 Middle Hill (Upper) Zone 3 Collin Street Junction Zone 4 Sussex Street Zone 5 Canal Street Junction Zone 6 Trent Street Zone 7 Station Street

58

5.1 5.1.2

ZONING Present condition of the site

ZONE 1, Weekday Cross All of the sketch proposals show a pedestrianised street with a cycle lane (blue) on the left (heading from the North).

Vegetation in the middle of the road was always proposed as it brings more greenery to the site.

To keep the area refreshed we decided to find alternative appearance of the Severn’s House building.

At first we clad it with a different palette of materials and colours, but finally we decided to actually change the use of it, proposing a mixture of uses, including shops and cafes. It provides a more friendly environment to walk by and creates more public space.

59

5.1 5.1.3

ZONING ZONE 2, Middle Hill (Upper)

We changed the street to a one-way road with a cycle lane again on the left (heading from North) and vegetation between.

Present condition of the site

We used different cladding on the wall of the Broadmarsh Centre, including green walls, timber and colourful glass due to public opinion and desire to revive the area.

Although we did not settle on coloured glazing in the proposal, the idea was that the facade should be visually striking.

To connect tram stop to the level of Middle Hill we proposed a glass bridge. The lift nearby connects to Sussex St. also.

60

5.1 5.1.4

ZONING Present condition of the site

ZONE 3, Collin St. Junction The sketches focused mainly on the Broadmarsh Bus Station & car park located at the Collin Street junction.

We proposed different colours and materials of cladding, including an extensive green wall. We all agreed that changing the appearance of the car park would make the area more visually appealing.

The street is pedestrianised, providing more free access to both sides of the street.

61

5.1 5.1.5

ZONING ZONE 4, Sussex Street

Present condition of the site We thought to make Sussex Street more adapted for the use of creative activities for the public. We also thought to provide more places to rest by adding more greenery to the area by green walls and vines.

The glass elements (elevator/ bridge) brings newness and freshness to the site. It might also makes the area more gentle, even if the size of the bridge and lift is large, it is OK because glazing provides no barrier but rather visual connections are created.

As the whole place is covered with concrete and dull colours we decided to use brighter colours, lighting, patterns, murals, etc., to make the zone more vibrant and encourage people to visit.

62

5.1 5.1.6

ZONING Present condition of the site

ZONE 5, Canal Street Junction The proposed Canal Street junction is seen to be very different to the original version.

We proposed two cycle lines (blue) on the sides of the streets. Vegetation used in the middle divides the road into cars and cycles sides, making the movement of vehicles safer.

We decided to provide a new level crossing under the tram line to make the area more pedestrian friendly and remove all traffic lights and visual clutter, creating a safe zone by use of materials and texture only.

63

5.1 5.1.7

ZONING

Present condition of the site

ZONE 6, Trent Street The proposal of Trent Street shows the addition of cycle lanes (blue in colour) on the left (heading to the North), providing safer environment for cyclist.

The middle drawing shows the line of pavement in the middle of the street to provide easier crossing. We rejected the idea as adding cycle line was more useful and thoughtful.

We also rejected the idea of vegetation in the middle to avoid dividing the street.

64

5.1 5.1.8

ZONING

Present condition of the site

ZONE 7, Station Street The proposals mainly shows the pedestrianised street with a cycle lane (blue colour) on the left (heading to North).

We decided to provide the city with more spaces enabling the charge of electric vehicles.

We used pavement lights to make the way clearer for pedestrians & added more greenery.

The vegetation in the middle was rejected at first as using greenery on the sides of the road is better idea. It does not divide the street into two parts giving a feeling of unity to the street.

65

5.2 5.2.1

HIGHWAYS DEVELOPMENT Traffic Flow Option 1 Car Park entrance The entrance to the car park will be more difficult to approach following the proposal of a one way system up middle hill.

One way system up Middle Hill with cycle lane One way system does not create much issue with public transport down Middle Hill.

Car park single entrance/exit Disadvantage of option will cause more traffic to go up Middle Hill.

Key Junction Car only Pedestrian Public Transport Cycle Lane

66

5.2 5.2.2

HIGHWAYS DEVELOPMENT Traffic Flow Option 2 Cars exit through Pitcher’s Gate/Bus only past car park entrance Stopping car traffic from proceeding doesn’t give any advantages to congestion on the street and may cause more issues. Seems unfeasible.

Two way system with cycle lane The system does benefits overall scheme to reduce traffic in central parts of city.

Reducing cars on the street should be a main priority to the scheme.

One way system with shared two way cycle system System could be implemented but the street is large and separate lanes altogether could be indicated within the scheme.

Key Junction Car only Pedestrian Public Transport Cycle Lane

67

5.2 5.2.3

HIGHWAYS DEVELOPMENT Traffic Flow Option 3 Public transport only from Weekday Cross Not allowing cars above points proves difficult as it encourages use of the High Pavement, which has historical significance, and will cause the car park above unusable.

Two traffic flow up Middle Hill The system does benefits overall scheme to reduce traffic in central parts of city.

Reducing cars on the street should be a main priority to the scheme.

Roundabout Junction Roundabout inspired by Copenhagen roundabout that gives cyclists priority.

Key Junction Car only Pedestrian Public Transport Cycle Lane

68

5.2 5.2.4

HIGHWAYS DEVELOPMENT Traffic Flow Option 4 Car Park entrance Proposing the majority of Middle Hill as a pedestrian zone causes car users to use High Pavement to gain access to car parking.

High pavement increased traffic flow Pedestrian zone causes traffic users to use High Pavement to access car park facilities located on Weekday Cross. This has a negative effect as High Pavement has historical significance and should not be considered as a through route.

Pedestrian only Pedestrian zone causes traffic users to be diverted, causing disruption elsewhere.

Two way system on Trent Street Two car system on Trent Street presents little benefit unless cars wish to go to train station following parking space shortage at Broadmarsh Car Park.

Key Junction Car only Pedestrian Public Transport Cycle Lane

69

5.2 5.2.5

HIGHWAYS DEVELOPMENT Traffic Flow Option 5 Public transport only Public transport access on the majority of middle hill presents issue with car users as car park entrances would seem difficult or would not be able to be accessible. Road would be significantly less busy however.

Dead End Following no car access on Middle Hill and Weekday Cross, cars would need turn around at the end of the road.

Car Park Entrance

Cars may become confused as entrance and exit gives little options and may find car users use Middle Hill as an exit if road surfaces implemented are not clear.

Key Junction Car only Pedestrian Public Transport Cycle Lane

70

PART 6 THE PROPOSAL

71

6.1

MASTERPLAN

6.1.1

Chosen Masterplan

The masterplan option which has been chosen for further development has been designed to reflect the core themes of the design vision (further expanded below). The masterplan shows the total re-landscaping of Middle Hill and the adjoining affected zones in accordance to current city proposals for road infrastructure, the proposed Collin St. tram stop, future College, and the design ideas of Nottingham Lion Planning Consultancy.

DESIGN VISION Human dimension Public consultation and precedents of regeneration projects in other cities have been used to inform the scheme’s overall design, encouraging the city users to take a healthier approach to travelling into and around the city.

Connections Connections have been made throughout the scheme subtly linking Middle Hill to the rest of the city and the city’s history through use of lace emblems and sculptures.

Healthy Nottingham The scheme promotes healthier lifestyles by encouraging use of public transport, and greatly improving the system for pedestrians and cyclists through a re-structuring of the road hierarchy, better defined cycle, and reduced car access into the city centre.

Above: Sussex St. Landscaping

Experiences Areas for positive and creative experiences have been introduced into the scheme through use of zoning areas and introducing landscaping, active frontages, and many sculptural and artistic elements.

72

6.1

MASTERPLAN

6.1.2

ZONE 1, Weekday Cross

“Weekday Square” - Proposed Improvements 1.

2.

3.

4.

Pedestrian dominated area – By using a level road in the zone and limiting vehicle access, this will create a better connection pedestrian environment and encourage more pedestrian movement, creating a ‘square’ like feel.

Easier access into the city centre and ease of movement through use of good quality level surfaces, tactile surfaces and cycle ways encourage city users to enjoy their city when moving through it.

Active environment – By creating a pedestrian friendly, active environment, this creates a positive mental link to Market Square.

Positive experiences are proposed through the redevelopment of the currently vacant Severn’s House (by demolition and building anew) to create a new, modern, easy shopping and cafe experience that will extend the activity of the city core into the gateway and make the zone more vibrant and reflective of the whole city.

Precedent Images: Pitt Street Mall, Sydney, AUS

Above: Seating, planting, and shared surfaces encourage activity

73

6.1

MASTERPLAN

6.1.3

ZONE 2, Middle Hill (Upper)

“Impact Hill” - Proposed Improvements 1.

2.

3.

4.

A human dimension is created at Middle Hill through the scheme proposals for: use of striking, interesting cladding and colours engaging the visual experience; use of smellscape and tactile experience by introducing sweet-smelling plants and street furniture.

Connect back to the history of the Lace Market through use of lace emblems perforated into the proposed cladding facade (see point 6.3.2 for more information). Enhance views over the city and into the Lace Market by reducing visual clutter (traffic lights/ signs and posts).

Healthier environment – By proposing a one-way system to reduce vehicle access into the city centre, and improving cycle lanes, healthier lifestyles are encouraged. The scheme also proposes living walls as a cladding solution and use of planting & vegetation.

Positive experience through use of biophilic elements (planting etc) and seating to encourage users to stop and enjoy the views and the feeling of the area.

Cladding Precedent: Dear Ginza office, Japan

Above: Using biophilia and seating to encourage users to stop & relax in the space

74

6.1 6.1.4

MASTERPLAN ZONE 2, Middle Hill (Lower) & ZONE 3, Collin St. Junction

“Gateway Hill” - Proposed Improvements 1.

2.

3.

4.

Human dimension – further use of street furniture and human level elements create a comfortable environment to move through and rest in.

Connection core – A major road & junction, this part of the Hill will be a core of connectivity – connecting the upper part of Middle Hill to Canal St. & the train station; the proposed tram stop connecting to Collin St. & Sussex St. is proposed to be glazed to create instant visual connection day & night to the area.

Healthier surroundings – The scheme proposes extensive use of living walls as a cladding solution to the Broadmarsh carpark, planting & vegetation, & with higher priority to cyclists & pedestrians & restricted vehicle access from this junction Southbound.

The experience of being in the area will be enhanced through the industrial nature of the chosen elevator/ tram stop, as an architectural feature giving new identity to the zone.

Glazed Elevator Precedent: Urban Elevator by Vaumm, Errenteria, Spain

Above: Transition to totally pedestrian environment begin at Collin St. junction; pedestrians & cyclists encouraged by shared surfaces; living cladding proposal

75

6.1

MASTERPLAN

6.1.5

ZONE 4, Sussex St.

“Creativity Street” - Proposed Improvements 1.

2.

3.

4.

Human dimension – It was important that a human level was added to this zone in order to create interest, increase the popularity of the zone and therefore also tackle criminal behaviours in the zone. This was done by incorporating feature seating around the existing trees, architectural lighting & bright colours/ murals.

Creative connections – by using the street for creative works there is immediate connection to the Creative Quarter in which the zone sits – incorporating sculptural trails also create connection to the history of the surrounding area.

Promoting healthy lifestyles by adding cycle parking in quirky and interesting ways such as incorporated into the seating or as part of the sculptural trails. The scheme also retains the 5 existing blossom trees and increases greenery by use of living wall systems attached to overlooking balcony at Middle Hill & the tram viaduct.

Experiences are created by visual and tactile elements, such as light displays of lace patterns in the evening, murals, sculptures, and other creative activities and works (even as space for artists at the Contemporary to display works).

Precedent: Graffiti artistic works

Above: Arts & sculptures transform dead urban spaces

76

6.1

MASTERPLAN

6.1.6

ZONE 5, Canal St. Junction

“Green Corridor” - Proposed Improvements 1.

2.

3.

4.

Human dimension – by creating large pedestrian crossing zones (without traffic lights) creates ease of movement at this particular junction – changes in materials change car driver perspective & attitude to make the zone safer also.

Visual connections – reduction of visual clutter on the street and directing of views by use of interesting cladding further up Middle Hill will create visual connection from Canal Street to the Lace Market cliff.

Promoting healthy lifestyles by creating a cycle corridor down the central reserve of the road, a double lane cycle route which relegates cars to the outer lanes only, separating the two lanes by means of vegetation creating a safer cycle experience & encouraging more cyclists.

Experiences created are ones of feeling safer in the zone as a pedestrian or cyclist, and more comfortable by addition of seating & the green corridor accompanying the cycle corridor.

Precedent: Place d’Youville, Montréal, Canada

Above: Green cycle corridor will vastly improve Canal Street, reduce congestion, improve air quality

77

6.1 6.1.7

MASTERPLAN ZONE 6, Trent Street & ZONE 7, Station St.

“Green Street” - Proposed Improvements 1.

2.

3.

4.

Human dimension – public consultation lead to comments about the need for more interest in the area, which in turn leads to the proposal for the entire of Trent St. to be dedicated to the promotion of ULEVs (Ultra Low Emission Vehicles) & a zone for electric car charging & parking.

Physical connections – The Go Ultra Low scheme connects well to the nearby train station & offices by the nature of close location.

Promoting healthy lifestyles through the benefits of enhanced cycling facilities & benefits of the Go Ultra Low scheme such as discounts for parking & close location of charging hubs/ dedicated green parking zones, encouraging carpooling & car clubs.

Experience of intrigue created by normalizing the ‘future of green technology’ through on street green zone parking, in a prime location (directly outside of the Station).

Below: Go Ultra Low Logo

Above: Go Ultra Low scheme in practise

78

6.2 6.2.1

ACCESS & MOVEMENT Overall Masterplan

Our proposal extends to Weekday Cross to Station Street as we felt it would make greater impact to the city and allow for a better ‘whole’ current proposal. The movement of people and transport has great importance to the site and so we have aimed to improve how people use city by the following ethos.

DESIGN VISION Human dimension Following public consultations we found people saw middle hill as a transit area to other parts of the city. We aim to improve the perspective of the area by using greenery and seating to cause people to use the space more.

Connections To improve improve connections we have made the roads a pedestrian and cycle friendly zone through use of shared road textures and cycle lanes within scheme.

Proposal should improve connection from train station to lace market area.

Healthy Nottingham The scheme promotes healthy decisions through use of public transport, walking, and cycling, by improving facilities. i.e cycle storage, cycle lanes and reducing car access into the city centre. The scheme also introduces charging hubs and car club for electric cars to promote ‘a greener choice’.

Experiences We have introduced experience by reducing car access and making the area a pedestrian cycle zone and creating more ease of movement into the city and Lace Market.

79

6.2 6.2.2

ACCESS & MOVEMENT

1

2

ZONE 1, Weekday Cross

3

Proposed Improvements 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

New road layout and change of priority of Middle Hill - General traffic will operate in one way system Northbound up Middle Hill.

Surfaces - Zone to have York stone to connect High Pavement and Middle Pavement to show historical significance of area.

New cycle facilities – two way cycle lane is proposed to make it easier to cycle up and down Middle Hill.

Removal of road markings – this encourages lower vehicle speeds as motorists are more aware of traffic.

Roads level with pedestrian footpath – the road level is the same as the pedestrian level to encourage pedestrian movement and feel of the pedestrian zone.

4

80

6.2 6.2.3

ACCESS & MOVEMENT ZONE 2, Middle Hill (Upper)

Proposed Improvements 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

1

New road layout and change of priority of Middle Hill - General traffic will operate in a one way system Northbound up Middle Hill.

New Raised Speed Table – Proposed at junction between Collin street and tram to indicate higher pedestrian movement zone.

New Cycle facilities – two way cycle lane is proposed to make it easier to cycle up and down Middle Hill.

Removal of Road markings – this encourages lower vehicle speed as motorists are more aware of foot & cycle traffic.

Footway build located before tram merging - A tighter junction will discourage cars speeding before merging with tram on Middle Hill and will improve road safety for all users.

Tram infills – Tram infill to be located at points of crossing cyclist to reduce likelihood of accidents when cyclists cross tram lines.

Roads level with pedestrian footpath – road to be the same level as pedestrian to encourage pedestrian movement and feel of pedestrian zone.

TRAM INFILLs http://www.strail.de/uploads/RTEma gicC_STRAILastic--asphalt_gras.jpg.jpg

3 5

2

4

LEVEL PAVEMENT https://cdn-images1.medium.com/max/1200/1*Gh2HY wKfHQtEBlq24-TUnQ.jpeg

81

6.2

ACCESS & MOVEMENT

1

2

ZONE 2, Middle Hill (Lower) & ZONE 3, Collin St. Junction Proposed Improvements

7

6.2.4

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

New road layout and change of priority of Middle Hill - General traffic will operate in one way system Northbound up middle hill. Car park exit route will be Southbound down Middle Hill to reduce traffic.

New Raised Speed Table – Proposed at junction between Collin street and tram to indicate higher pedestrian movement zone.

New Cycle facilities – two way cycle lane is proposed to make it easier to cycle up and down Middle Hill.

Removal of Road markings – this encourages lower vehicle speed as motorist are more aware of foot & cycle traffic.

Footway build located before Junction- A tighter junction will discourage cars speeding on middle hill and will improve road safety for pedestrians crossing to the bus station.

Roads level with pedestrian footpath- Road level same as pedestrian to encourage pedestrian movement and feel of pedestrian zone.

New tram stop – this will include a new platform and adjoining bridge linking to a glazed elevator & staircase construction creating new links to Collin St.

6

3

4

5

82

6.2 6.2.5

ACCESS & MOVEMENT ZONE 4, Sussex St.

Proposed Improvements 1.

2.

3.

Cycle Facility – Generally this currently pedestrian zone facilities better cycling than the rest of Middle Hill, but better cycle facility could be added such as more secure & more visually interesting cycle storage.

Surfaces – An improvement of the surfaces from grey concrete to new textured block paving will improve visually the lower level environment of Sussex St. & the pedestrian/ cyclist experience.

Tram Connection – The tram stop will also be proposed to connect to Sussex St. to allow ease of movement from the higher level via the elevator and staircase extending down to the street, especially important for the proposed College facility.

1 3

2

83

6.2 6.2.6

ACCESS & MOVEMENT

2 7

1

ZONE 5, Canal Street

Proposed Improvements 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Central Two Cycle lane – Proposed central cycle lane reserve along Canal Street to make obvious traffic hierarchy, transforming 5 lane asphalt highway.

New road layout and change of propriety of canal street - General traffic will operate in two way system with road on either side of a greenway for biking.

New Raised Speed Table – Proposed for junction to indicate higher pedestrian movement zone.

Proposed Traffic island for major pedestrian junction- Island will provide refuge with seating and increase sense of pedestrian zone Removal of Road markings – this encourages lower vehicle speed as motorists are more aware of foot & cycle traffic.

Footway build located before Junction- A tighter junction will discourage cars speeding on middle hill and will improve road safety for pedestrians crossing.

Parking bays - The parking bay road will be indicated by surface material intended to highlight to drivers the locations where it is safe to park without causing obstructions

6 3 4

6

3

5

84

6

6.2 6.2.6

ACCESS & MOVEMENT ZONE 5, Canal Street (cont.)

The proposal will transform the five lane asphalt highway into a greenway for biking and walking with central biking lanes and pedestrian/traffic island.

ISLAND PLAZA PEDESTRIAN CROSSING Pedestrian island to represent plaza in central reservoir to strengthen characteristics of the proposed pedestrian zone. Seating shrubbery to be located on the island. Cars able to pass through to access parking. http://dirt.asla. org/2014/04/18 /new-york-cityshifts-awayfrom-the-car/

GREENWAY - Will a be highway for cyclists with trees and shrubbery on either side.

85

6.2

ACCESS & MOVEMENT

1 5

4

6.2.7

ZONE 6, Trent Street & ZONE 7, Station St.

Proposed Improvements 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

New road layout and change of propriety of Trent Street-General traffic will operate in one way system in a Southbound direction towards the train station.

New Raised Speed Table– Proposed for junction to indicate higher pedestrian movement zone.

Removal of Road markings – this encourage lower vehicle speed as motorist are more aware of traffic.

New Cycle facilities – two way cycle lane is proposed beside to road Footway build located before Junction- A tighter junction will discourage cars speeding on middle hill and will improve road safety for pedestrians crossing to the train station.

Green parking – Parking bay to be used for only electric cars and will have proposed charging Hub for electric cars and parking for Electric Car Club parking. The parking bay road will be indicated by surface material and signage.

6

3 5 2

86

6.2

1

ACCESS & MOVEMENT

5

4

6.2.7

ZONE 6, Trent Street & ZONE 7, Station St. (cont.)

The scheme proposes Trent Street as a ‘Green Street’. The street shall facilitate charging hubs for electric cars and electric cars with charging hubs and parking bays for city car clubs.

6

GO ULTRA LOW Funding for scheme to be found by the Go Ultra low scheme which has recently been won.

CHARGING HUB- Parking bay to be zone for only electric cars will facilitate charging hubs along parking spaces.

3 5 2

CAR CLUB - City Car Club will offers a cost-effective, hassle-free and greener alternative to car ownership.

Vehicles will be located across city with designated parking bays on Trent Street.

87

6.3 6.3.1

MATERIALS Urban Design Guide -Street Design Specification

Street Design Material

Location

URL

City Paving –Ultrapave

General paving - used on streets with high pedestrian flow with restricted vehicular access.

http://www.aggregate.com/prod ucts-and-services/commercialhard-landscaping/paving/pavingflags/ultrapave/#

Beta Low Chamfer Contemporary Block Paving

One way road / Public transport only through route

http://www.brettpaving.co.uk/co mmercial/block-paving/beta-1/

Grass Flow

Parking

http://www.brettpaving.co.uk/co mmercial/machine-lay/grassflow-1/

Silhouette Granite Cobblestones

Pedestrian crossing points

http://www.sareenstone.com.au /products/cobblestones/silhouet te-granite

Yorkstone

Pedestrian

http://www.brettpaving.co.uk/co mmercial/natural-stone1/yorkstone/

Tactile Flag Paving

Used to indicate crossing

http://www.brettpaving.co.uk/co mmercial/flag-paving/tactile/

Granite: Only used in prestigious locations such as squares and spaces Yorkstone: Only used where the streets are fronted by old and architecturally distinguished buildings made from natural materials City Paving: used on streets with high pedestrian flow with restricted vehicular access and in regeneration areas.

88

6.3 6.3.2

MATERIALS Cladding

A graphically treated aluminium punched metal facade has been identified as an aesthetically pleasing and cost effective facade treatment solution for the Broadmarsh Centre (side which contains back & services). This is a striking facade which creates visual interest to the Hill during the day and at night when lighting changes the look of the facade when lit in different colours. It can also be tailored to be indicative of the history of the area i.e. rather than abstract flower graphic punched into the aluminium, use a lace pattern.

Precedent: “Dear Ginza� office, by amano design office, in Chuo, Tokyo, Japan.

89

6.3 6.3.2

MATERIALS Cladding (cont.)

Living walls have also been identified as an aesthetically pleasing, cheap solution to achieve the look of a ‘Green Corridor’ down Middle Hill, emphasizing it as a city gateway and enhancing the urban nature of the identified zones. These would be applied to the Broadmarsh Car Park to improve its appearance in a softer, more natural way and minimise the hard surfaces in the area. The use of flowering plants in the system will also increase colour & add a smellscape experience to the scheme by using sweet smelling planting.

Specification: Jakobs Facade Greening Rope Systems

90

6.3 6.3.3

MATERIALS Street Furniture

A range of quirky, interesting and functional street furniture, including seating, bins, cycle parking and lighting has also been identified as highly necessary to the enhancement of the human dimension and experiences created by the scheme. These would remove the ‘transit area’ feeling of the area and encourage users to stop and spend time in the spaces, with experience enhanced by lighting, sculptural elements, and planting in the aesthetically pleasing, safer pedestrian environment created by different aspects of the scheme.

91

6.4

VISUAL APPEARANCE

ZONE 1, Weekday Cross The final visual appearance of Weekday Cross is to be a cafe & retail hotspot, extending pedestrian activity from the City Core, reflecting the nature of the surroundings, and acting as an active & welcoming gateway into the city centre.

1

6.4.1

View Reference Map

Weekday Cross

92

VISUAL APPEARANCE

ZONE 2, Middle Hill (Upper) The final visual appearance of the upper part of Middle Hill is envisioned to be an almost completely pedestrianised zone.

Easier to traverse, safer, much more visually appealing, greener & cycle friendly. Broadmarsh (lower curving services half) is clad in a striking facade to draw interest both in the day & night.

night

6.4.2

2

day

6.4

View Reference Map

Middle Hill (Upper)

93

6.4

VISUAL APPEARANCE

6.4.3

ZONE 2, Middle Hill (Lower) The final visual appearance of the lower half of Middle Hill is one that attracts the eye to the Lace Market view, and creates a pedestrian friendly feeling to the Creative Quarter gateway. Living walls clad Broadmarsh car park, & the glass elevator enhance the urban feel.

3 View Reference Map

Middle Hill (Lower)

94

6.4

VISUAL APPEARANCE

6.4.4

ZONE 4, Sussex St. The final visual appearance of Sussex Street is one that reveals the true creative nature of the Creative Quarter zone which actually begins at Sussex Street. The street is transformed into a zone for creative activities & is now a landmark pedestrian gateway into the Lace Market and city beyond.

4

View Reference Map

Sussex Street

95

BIBLIOGRAPHY

96

LITERATURE REFERENCES •

A history of Nottingham (no date) Available at: http://www.localhistories.org/nottingham.html (Accessed: 24 January 2016).

•

BBC (no date) Nottingham features - history: 19th century Nottingham.

Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/nottingham/features/2003/07/nineteenth_century_ nottingham.shtml (Accessed: 24 January 2016).

•

McKenzie, A. and Coyote, W. (2007) Streetscape AUG 06: Streetscape doc Aug04. Available at: http://web.archive.org/web/20130310132350/http://www.nottinghamcity. gov.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=7140&p=0 (Accessed: 6 March 2016).

•

Nottinghamshire history > articles > articles form the transactions of the Thoroton society > an itinerary of Nottingham: Broad Marsh(2010) Available at: http://www.nottshistory.org.uk/articles/tts/tts1926/itinerary1926p9.htm (Accessed: 24 January 2016).

•

Nottinghamshire history > articles > articles form the transactions of the Thoroton society > an itinerary of Nottingham: Drury hill, middle hill and garner’s hill (2010) Available at: http://www.nottshistory.org.uk/articles/tts/tts1926/itinerary1926p7.htm (Accessed: 24 January 2016).

•

Nottinghamshire history > links with old Nottingham (1928): Drury hill(2008) Available at: http://www.nottshistory.org.uk/whatnall1928/drury_hill.htm (Accessed: 24 January 2016).

•

Council, N.C. (2009) Broad Marsh and narrow Marsh - the story of a Nottingham community - Nottinghamshire county council. Available at: http://cms.nottinghamshire.gov.uk/home/leisure/archives/exhibitions/broa dmarshandnarrowmarsh/healthinthemarshes.htm (Accessed: 24 January 2016).

Post, N. (2014) In pictures: Nottingham’s Broadmarsh centre over the years.

Available at: http://www.nottinghampost.com/pictures/picturesNottingham-s-Broadmarsh-Centre-years/pictures-25074340detail/pictures.html#1 (Accessed: 24 January 2016).

•

Council, N.C. (2009) Broad Marsh and narrow Marsh - the story of a Nottingham community - Nottinghamshire county council. Available at: http://cms.nottinghamshire.gov.uk/home/leisure/archives/exhibitions/broa dmarshandnarrowmarsh/slumclearanceandredevelopment.htm (Accessed: 24 January 2016).

UKJXC015 and Department for Transport (2007) Manual for Streets.

Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_dat a/file/341513/pdfmanforstreets.pdf (Accessed: 12 February 2016).

•

Council, N.C. (2009) Broad Marsh and narrow Marsh - the story of a Nottingham community - Nottinghamshire county council. Available at: http://cms.nottinghamshire.gov.uk/home/leisure/archives/exhibitions/broa dmarshandnarrowmarsh/modernshopping.htm (Accessed: 24 January 2016).

nottinghamhiddenhistoryteam (2013) A brief history of narrow Marsh.

Available at: https://nottinghamhiddenhistoryteam.wordpress.com/2013/05/07/a-briefhistory-of-narrow-marsh/ (Accessed: 24 January 2016).

•

nottinghamhiddenhistoryteam (2015) ‘Nottingham street tales: Drury hill’, Nottingham Hidden History Team, 21 February. Available at: https://nottinghamhiddenhistoryteam.wordpress.com/2015/02/21/notting ham-street-tales-drury-hill/ (Accessed: 24 January 2016).

•

Broadmarsh (2015) in Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadmarsh (Accessed: 24 January 2016).

•

Council, N.C. (2009) Broad Marsh and narrow Marsh - the story of a Nottingham community - Nottinghamshire county council. Available at: http://cms.nottinghamshire.gov.uk/home/leisure/archives/exhibitions/broa dmarshandnarrowmarsh.htm (Accessed: 24 January 2016).

•

Council, N.C. (2009) Broad Marsh and narrow Marsh - the story of a Nottingham community - Nottinghamshire county council. Available at: http://cms.nottinghamshire.gov.uk/home/leisure/archives/exhibitions/broa dmarshandnarrowmarsh/industrialisation.htm (Accessed: 24 January 2016).

•

•

•

•

•

Council, N.C. (2009) Broad Marsh and narrow Marsh - the story of a Nottingham community - Nottinghamshire county council. Available at: http://cms.nottinghamshire.gov.uk/home/leisure/archives/exhibitions/broa dmarshandnarrowmarsh/lifeintheslum.htm (Accessed: 24 January 2016).

Council, N.C. (2009) Broad Marsh and narrow Marsh - the story of a Nottingham community - Nottinghamshire county council. Available at: http://cms.nottinghamshire.gov.uk/home/leisure/archives/exhibitions/broa dmarshandnarrowmarsh/gardentown.htm (Accessed: 24 January 2016).

97

IMAGE REFERENCES

All photographic images taken by members of Nottingham Lion Planning Consultancy except where otherwise stated.

1.1 CONTEXT

3.

Accessed: 31.01.16

1.1.1 LOCATION Diagram of England and Ireland: https://www.visitengland.com/sites/default/files/map-images/mappin_nottingham.png Accessed: 31.01.16 © Open Street Map 2016.

Accessed: 31.01.16 © Google Maps 2016.

Accessed: 31.01.16 1.1.2 HISTORICAL CONTEXT

1.1.5 KEY BUILDINGS Map © EDINA Digimaps Maps 2016 Accessed: 26.01.06 1.1.6 SITE CONDITION Photo Index Map © EDINA Digimaps Maps 2016 Accessed: 25.01.06

1744 map from: http://cms.nottinghamshire.gov.uk/home/leisure/archives/exhibitions/broadmarshandn arrowmarsh/gardentown.htm Accessed: 24.01.16

1.1.7 CONSERVATION & HERITAGE

1950s map from: Historical Roams Maps © Digimap 2016.

Accessed: 25.01.16

1.1.8 ARCHAEOLOGY

1990s map from: Historical Roams Maps © Digimap 2016.

Accessed: 25.01.16

https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?mid=zOY1ovKKSX4M.k6W904h5Cqfc&hl=en Accessed: 07.02.16

1.1.3 MICRO SCALE

© Nottinghamshire Insight Mapping 2016.

Accessed: 26.01.16

http://www.nottsheritagegateway.org.uk/places/caves/cavesmap1.htm Accessed: 07.02.16

1.1.9 EXISTING BROADMARSH CENTRE

Site in Context © Google Maps 2016.

Accessed: 24.01.16

INTU Planning Document http://publicaccess.nottinghamcity.gov.uk/onlineapplications/applicationDetails.do?activeTab=documents&keyVal=NM7Y7ULYCB000 Accessed: 26.01.16

Site Location Plan © EDINA Digimaps Maps 2016.

1.1.10 LOCATION

1.1.4 Architectural Context 1.

Accessed: 31.01.16

1. http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1091/761297965_adb6f53773_o.jpg Accessed: 31.01.16 2. http://nottstv.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Car-Park-Exit-New-714x357.jpg Accessed: 31.01.16

2.

Accessed: 31.01.16

98

IMAGE REFERENCES

All photographic images taken by members of Nottingham Lion Planning Consultancy except where otherwise stated.

1.2 SITE ANALYSIS

2.4 INTU MASTERPLAN

1.2.7 GEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

2.4.1 INTU MIDDLE HILL PROPOSAL

© EDINA Digimaps Maps 2016.

Accessed: 26.01.16

Proposed Elevations & Visuals https://www.intugroup.co.uk/where-we-do-it/our-uk-centres/intubroadmarsh/development/ Accessed: 30.01.16

1.2.8 FLOOD RISK & WATER TABLE © Environmental Agency 2016 Accessed: 26.01.16 2.1 LOCAL PLANNING POLICY 2.1.1 NOTTINGHAM LOCAL PLAN http://www.urban-graphics.co.uk/promote-places/place-shape-marketing/nottinghamcity-centre-masterplan/ Accessed: 30.01.16 http://www.nottinghamcity.gov.uk/Localplan Accessed: 30.01.16 2.2 NATIONAL PLANNING POLICY 2.2.1 NATIONAL PLANNING POLICY FRAMEWORK

2.5 ZONES OF REPAIR & REINVENTION 2.5.1 MASTERPLAN © Nottingham City Centre Urban Design Guide (May 2009) Accessed: 30.01.16 2.6 URBAN DESIGN GUIDES 2.6.1 NOTTINGHAM STREETSCAPE MANUAL © Nottingham Streetscape Manual (September 2004) Accessed: 30.01.16 2.6.2 MANUAL FOR STREETS © Manual for Streets (2007) https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/34151 3/pdfmanforstreets.pdf Accessed: 30.01.16

http://www.integreatplus.com/national-planning-policy-framework-and-design-review Accessed: 30.01.16

2.6.3 NOTTINGHAM CITY CENTRE URBAN DESIGN GUIDE © Nottingham City Centre Urban Design Guide (May 2009) Accessed: 30.01.16

http://www.landscapejuice.com/2011/08/planning-policy-framework-defense-ofland.html Accessed: 30.01.16

2.6.4 NOTTINGHAM CITY CYCLE DESIGN GUIDE

2.3 CITY CENTRE MASTERPLAN 2.3.1 MASTERPLAN © Nottingham City Centre Urban Design Guide (May 2009) Accessed: 30.01.16

3.2 CITY PROPOSALS 3.2.1 CITY CYCLE AND BUS AND TRAFFIC PROPOSALS Visuals http://transport2.nottinghamcity.gov.uk/cycle/consultation.aspx Accessed: 07.02.16

2.3.2 TRAFFIC MASTERPLAN

99

IMAGE REFERENCES

All photographic images taken by members of Nottingham Lion Planning Consultancy except where otherwise stated.

3.3.1 PRECEDENT ANALYSIS

Plaza del Torico, Spain http://static.zhulong.com/photo/small/201309/23/143825matxtzixmo0hmvzd_0_0_5 60_w_0.jpg Accessed: 07.02.16

Urban Elevator by Vaumm http://www.dezeen.com/2011/06/17/urban-elevator-by-vaumm/ Accessed: 07.02.16 Lonsdale Street, Dandenong http://www.archdaily.com/412359/lonsdale-street-dandenong-bkkarchitects/520161c6e8e44ebcd3000073-lonsdale-street-dandenong-bkk-architectsphoto Accessed: 07.02.16 Lighting Station, Copenhagen http://www.urbanlightscapes.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/40_v_P8.jpg Accessed: 07.02.16 Chromaphos large-scale painting / window installation at Eurolce showroom, Melbourne http://www.jennytiefelarted.com/uploads/6/5/3/9/6539141/3890319_orig.png Accessed: 07.02.16 Highcross, Leicester https://www.transportxtra.com/files/12528-l.jpg Accessed: 07.02.16 Rock Hill, SC https://s-media-cacheak0.pinimg.com/236x/b4/95/6f/b4956f8c8aa4db27532be4956ba203cb.jpg Accessed: 07.02.16 Copenhagen, Denmark https://www.flickr.com/photos/16nine/24333069735/in/dateposted-public/ Accessed: 07.02.16 High Line, NYC https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/548313323363618535/ Accessed: 07.02.16 Queens Plaza, NY http://scenariojournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Queens-Plaza_Bike-LaneWetland.jpg Accessed: 07.02.16 Polk Street, San Francisco http://static3.uk.businessinsider.com/image/54989814dd08954a548b45a4-1200924/polk-street-bike-lane.jpg Accessed: 07.02.16

Vegan Restaurant, Madrid https://birminghamcolab.files.wordpress.com/2016/02/virtual-light-facade-installationcasts-fake-illumination.jpg?w=710 Accessed: 07.02.16 Cal Lane - Shovels http://reubenmiller.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341ca70953ef0120a7a9ddd2970b-500wi Accessed: 07.02.16 Western Distributor, Ultimo http://stories.anmm.gov.au/ae1/wp-content/uploads/sites/21/2015/09/Aspire-WarrenLangley.jpg Accessed: 07.02.16 Laumeier Sculpture Park, NY https://c4.staticflickr.com/4/3375/3557850268_2d3b2bb727.jpg Accessed: 07.02.16 Sydney, Australia https://s-media-cacheak0.pinimg.com/236x/be/4c/46/be4c46a44439ba9edd3d98959258f106.jpg Accessed: 07.02.16 Aukland Apartments, New Zealand http://www.byaccidentordesign.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/4l-RTA-StudioMackelvie-Street-Auckland-Architecture.jpg Accessed: 07.02.16 Hyderabad, India http://www.finnisharchitecture.fi/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/KMC_facadecomposite-01.jpg Accessed: 07.02.16 Berschbach Apartment Building, Luxembourg https://www.marleyeternit.co.uk/~/media/Images/Inspiration-Bank/BerschbachApartment-Building/ea4project1luxemburg08-1-960x400.jpg Accessed: 07.02.16 Arts Pavillion, Belgium http://uk.archello.com/en/project/arts-pavilion-lokeren Accessed: 07.02.16 Timber Cladding http://www.timbercladdingsolutions.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/AboutImage.jpg Accessed: 07.02.16

100

IMAGE REFERENCES 4.1 DESIGN VISION 4.1.2 HUMAN DIMENSION

All photographic images taken by members of Nottingham Lion Planning Consultancy except where otherwise stated.

4.1.4 HEALTHY NOTTINGHAM

Top (Left to Right) http://27.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lh4i34KFP81qzgciso1_500.jpg http://image.architonic.com/img_pfm2-2/208/4844/solid-podium-isles-2-b.jpg https://pbs.twimg.com/media/CUxjd9_UkAAUwjT.jpg https://c4.staticflickr.com/4/3375/3557850268_2d3b2bb727.jpg

Top (Left to Right) https://s-media-cacheak0.pinimg.com/736x/50/49/74/504974ef50b51afb6aa86c5acd198f3b.jpg http://scenariojournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Queens-Plaza_Bike-LaneWetland.jpg http://www.rudi.net/files/paper/illustrations/cycle.jpg

Middle (Left to Right) http://www.rochford.gov.uk/sites/rochford.gov.uk/files/planning_bpark_designcode.pdf https://s-media-cacheak0.pinimg.com/236x/1a/6d/4e/1a6d4ec9fc1c62e774b40303fc49223a.jpg http://worldlandscapearchitect.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/15_IMAGE-BYJOHN-GOLLINGS_LONSDALE-STREET-DANDENONG-5_low-res.jpg

Middle (Left to Right) http://www.laozhq.cn/UploadFile/2014-2/201422211533727049.jpg http://images.adsttc.com/media/images/5417/85b4/c07a/80e3/8f00/0048/large_jpg/0 500.jpg?1410827615 https://s-media-cacheak0.pinimg.com/736x/a4/fb/b3/a4fbb326b20e9c1d9004035a58e002fc.jpg

Bottom (Left to Right) http://www.rudi.net/files/paper/illustrations/cycle.jpg https://c2.staticflickr.com/8/7103/7190781216_13d3e5a224_b.jpg http://img.archilovers.com/projects/4fb4996d-ebc6-4183-9b06-64b322b832d8.jpg http://a.bimg.dk/node-images/800/10/2200x/10800421-node-image-upload-p-stedetcykelslangen---rasmus-hjortshoj---cykelslangen-large---07_photjpg.jpg

Bottom (Left to Right) http://showautoreviews.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Berlin__Potsdamer_Platz_-_E-Mobility-Charging.jpg http://www.rinnovabili.it/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/ecotricity-launches-electrichighway_277.jpg https://ts.catapult.org.uk/documents/10631/162514/electric-charger.jpg/c6475ea14e0e-4639-9a58-c50ae21f55c5?t=1426858440826

4.1.3 CREATING CONNECTIONS Top (Left to Right) http://www.abouttoblow.com/wp-content/uploads/Nottingham-Contemporary.jpg https://nottinghamhiddenhistoryteam.files.wordpress.com/2013/05/01_lace_market_sk yline_470x350.jpg http://southwellchurches.nottingham.ac.uk/nottingham-st-mary/pextfromstreet.jpg Middle (Left to Right) http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_NuQOvLWofTw/S8_I7TIbe4I/AAAAAAAABsc/rfIxzuxQWBY/s1 600/capture256.jpg http://3.bp.blogspot.com/OCBw50zH9Ys/Th9AFzKo16I/AAAAAAAAALo/PGdQaNeWbd8/s400/03_Bruno+Catalano +-+Van+Gogh.jpg https://s-media-cacheak0.pinimg.com/736x/6b/ef/23/6bef2325a910e8d484a8470fe724f4be.jpg Bottom (Left to Right) http://2.bp.blogspot.com/ErvcBEM6Eko/U9pTEq4aETI/AAAAAAAAiPY/pC6ICT57kLk/s1600/nespoon-1.jpg http://www.santacole.com/recursos/productos/fotografias_productos/VIALACTEA_farolas/01_Vialactea_JulioCunill_1410525362-O1.jpg http://www.archiinsight.com/site/wpcontent/uploads/2015/06/b85e117e7d456130aa58da787635fb39.jpg http://i4.ofpof.com/content/txrzmklh42/gallery/_780x1048-gudmkhaafp.jpg

4.1.5 EXPERIENCES Top (Left to Right) http://1.bp.blogspot.com/a_k6_7Axn2k/UGcwsxB9KpI/AAAAAAAA6Gw/UrrKZUekiUY/s1600/Bike+Racks+0010.jpg http://in1.ccio.co/dC/b2/c6/d67a1e84334a6cf13e7cfb2d1b8f5856.jpg?iw=300 http://i4.ofpof.com/content/txrzmklh42/gallery/_780x1048-gudmkhaafp.jpg Middle (Left to Right) http://landarchs.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Aspire1.jpg https://pbs.twimg.com/media/B9K7_4GIEAAYR4g.jpg http://static.wixstatic.com/media/ea5add_94eb310f28db42e29ef3fb8785ab28d9.jpg_sr z_1579_2368_85_22_0.50_1.20_0.00_jpg_srz Bottom (Left to Right) http://image.architonic.com/img_pro2-1/113/1273/harris-isola-1-n-b.jpg http://landarchs.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/The-EcoDistrict5.jpg http://www.laozhq.cn/UploadFile/2014-2/201422211533727049.jpg https://s-media-cacheak0.pinimg.com/236x/d9/c6/78/d9c678055942899244fbf91e3d5fa03b.jpg

Icons from www.flaticon.com

101

IMAGE REFERENCES 6.1 MASTERPLAN 6.1.1 Chosen Masterplan Icons from www.flaticon.com 6.1.2; (Left to Right) All photographic images from: http://www.landezine.com/index.php/2013/10/pittstreet-mall-by-tony-caro-architecture/ Accessed: 07.03.16 6.1.3; (Left to Right) Accessed: 07.03.16 https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10151540293866184&set=a.12551583118 3.112188.125486036183&type=1&theater http://www.archdaily.com/427501/dear-ginza-amano-design-office 6.1.4; (Left to Right) http://www.landezine.com/index.php/2013/01/nicholson-street-mall-byhassell/nicholson-st_mall-by-hassell-landscape-architecture-02/

All photographic images taken by members of Nottingham Lion Planning Consultancy except where otherwise stated.

6.1.6; (Left to Right) https://twitter.com/slowottawa/status/532464142691864577 http://dirt.asla.org/2014/04/18/new-york-city-shifts-away-from-the-car/ http://www.claudecormier.com/en/projet/place-dyouville/ 6.1.7; (Left to Right) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Berlin_-_Potsdamer_Platz_-_EMobility-Charging.jpg http://www.earthtimes.org/scitech/ecotricity-launches-electric-highway/1189/ http://www.lowcvp.org.uk/news,go-ultra-low-city-scheme-guidance-for-biddersannounced_3136.htm 6.2 ACCESS AND MOVEMENT 6.2.1 Highways Masterplan

http://www.claudecormier.com/en/projet/place-dyouville/

Icons from www.flaticon.com

http://www.jakob.co.uk/products/green-wall-systems.html

6.2.3 Zone 1;Uppper middle hill http://www.strail.de/uploads/RTEmagicC_STRAILastic---asphalt_gras.jpg.jpg https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1200/1*Gh2HYwKfHQtEBlq24-TUnQ.jpeg

http://www.dezeen.com/2011/06/17/urban-elevator-by-vaumm/ 6.1.5; (Left to Right) http://freshome.com/2013/10/11/vegan-restauran-in-madrid-features-an-excitingephemeral-installation/ http://www.etoday.ru/2012/08/kruzhevnye-lopaty-cal-lane.php http://www.streetlife.nl/en/product-selector/product/podium-isles http://thechive.com/2013/06/25/graffiti-done-right-can-be-a-beautiful-thing-50-photos/

6.2.3 Zone 5 ;canal street http://dirt.asla.org/2014/04/18/new-york-city-shifts-away-from-the-car/ http://www.oxfordtimes.co.uk/news/11530567.Oxford_city_planner_Crofton_Briggs_fe ars_redesigned_Frideswide_Square_traffic_plan_could_spark_fight_with_cyclists_and_p edestrians/ https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/455004368583694423/ http://www.worcesternews.co.uk/resources/images/4067161/ 6.2.3 Zone 6 ; Trent street http://showautoreviews.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Berlin_-_Potsdamer_Platz__E-Mobility-Charging.jpg http://www.rinnovabili.it/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/ecotricity-launches-electrichighway_277.jpg https://ts.catapult.org.uk/documents/10631/162514/electric-charger.jpg/c6475ea14e0e-4639-9a58-c50ae21f55c5?t=1426858440826

102

IMAGE REFERENCES

All photographic images taken by members of Nottingham Lion Planning Consultancy except where otherwise stated.

6.3 MATERIALS

6.4 VISUAL APPEARANCE

6.3.1 (Left to Right)

6.4.1 (Left to Right)

http://www.aggregate.com/products-and-services/commercial-hardlandscaping/paving/paving-flags/ultrapave/#

http://www.aggregate.com/products-and-services/commercial-hardlandscaping/paving/paving-flags/ultrapave/#

http://www.brettpaving.co.uk/commercial/block-paving/beta-1/

http://www.brettpaving.co.uk/commercial/natural-stone-1/yorkstone/

http://www.brettpaving.co.uk/commercial/machine-lay/grass-flow-1/

http://www.landezine.com/index.php/2013/10/pitt-street-mall-by-tony-caroarchitecture/

http://www.sareenstone.com.au/products/cobblestones/silhouette-granite http://www.brettpaving.co.uk/commercial/natural-stone-1/yorkstone/ http://www.brettpaving.co.uk/commercial/flag-paving/tactile/ •

x3 Side panel/ Footnote images from: Nottingham Urban Design Guide

6.4.2 (Left to Right) http://www.brettpaving.co.uk/commercial/block-paving/beta-1/

6.3.2 (Left to Right)

http://g03.a.alicdn.com/kf/HTB1UtdqJVXXXXacXFXXq6xXFXXXf/Turquoise-font-b-Gravelb-font-Bulk-Turquoise-Green-Crystal-font-b-Aquarium-b-font-Decoration.jpg

All images from: http://www.archdaily.com/427501/dear-ginza-amano-design-office

http://kellystone.co.uk/files/2013/10/sandstone-sienna-paving.png

6.3.3 (Left to Right)

http://www.archdaily.com/427501/dear-ginza-amano-design-office

http://www.jakob.com/display/JAK/G1.1+Fassadenbegruenung+Baden

6.4.3 (Left to Right)

http://www.jakob.com/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=1606065

http://www.jakob.com/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=1606065

http://www.edilportale.com/newsletter/163941

http://www.dezeen.com/2011/06/17/urban-elevator-by-vaumm/

http://www.worldarchitecturenews.com/interiors/project/2012/18945/electrolight/lons dale-street-in-melbourne.html

6.4.4 (L-R).

http://www.architonic.com/aisht/plaza-del-torico-artec3/5101071

http://www.worldarchitecturenews.com/interiors/project/2012/18945/electrolight/lons dale-street-in-melbourne.html

http://www.landezine.com/index.php/2013/01/nicholson-street-mall-byhassell/nicholson-st_mall-by-hassell-landscape-architecture-02/

https://s-media-cacheak0.pinimg.com/736x/6b/ef/23/6bef2325a910e8d484a8470fe724f4be.jpg

http://www.lab23.it/en/prodotti/round-b/

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/ErvcBEM6Eko/U9pTEq4aETI/AAAAAAAAiPY/pC6ICT57kLk/s1600/nespoon-1.jpg

http://www.archdaily.com/241066/urbanedge-gustafson-guhrienichol/ggn_urbanedge_02_72dpi/ http://www.publicspaces.eu/seating/b-cycle

103