Building Energy Management by Esther Kiruba

Esther Kiruba 19171NB002

Building Energy & Management ASSIGNMENTS Professor in Charge: Ar. Sharmila Ganguly

Esther Kiruba 19171NB002

Building Energy & Management ASSIGNMENT 1 Professor in Charge: Ar. Sharmila Ganguly

Current Global Energy Scenario

Contents What is Energy? Types of Energy Energy and Economy Energy Consumption 2018 Energy and Environment Energy Distribution Current Global Scenario Forecast Scenarios for 2020

Oxford Learners Dictionary Encyclopaedia Britannica

What is Energy? The Oxford Dictionary de nes it as, “a source of power, such as fuel, used for driving machines, providing heat, etc.” In Physics, “Energy can be neither created nor destroyed but only changed from one form to another. This principle is known as the conservation of energy or the rst law of thermodynamics.”

Types of Energy In Global Context

Fossil Fuel Nuclear Energy Renewable Energy

https://www.irena.org/publications/2019/Jul/Renewable-energy-statistics-2019 https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/dataset/world-development-indicators fi

Renewable and Nuclear Energy Consumption

The U.S. Energy Information Administration's in International Energy Outlook 2017

Fossil Fuel Energy Consumption

The U.S. Energy Information Administration's in International Energy Outlook 2017

Global Energy Consumption by Type

Advanced biofuel production: Engineering metabolic pathways for butanol and propane biosynthesis , András Pásztor

Energy and Economy Economic growth is desirable for developing countries, and energy is e s s e n t i a l f o r e c o n o m i c g ro w t h . However, the relationship between economic growth and increased energy demand is not always a straightforward linear one. The ratio of energy demand to GDP is a useful indicator. A high ratio re ects energy dependence and a strong in uence of energy on GDP growth. The developed countries, by focusing on energy ef ciency and lower energyintensive routes, maintain their energy to GDP ratios at values of less than 1. The ratios for developing countries are much higher. Energy production is 80% fossil. Half of that is produced by China, the United States and the Arab states of the Persian Gulf. Energy production increases slowly, except for solar and wind energy which grows more than 20% per year. Produced energy, for instance crude oil, is processed to make it suitable for consumption by end users.

The graph shows the Social progress of each country in regard to the Energy consumed by each country.

The supply chain between production and nal consumption involves many conversion activities and much trade and transport among countries, causing a loss of one third of energy before it is consumed. Energy consumption per person in North America is very high while in developing countries it is low and more renewable.

From 2015 to 2017 worldwide production increased 2%, mainly in Russia (7%), the Mid-East (8%) and India (5%), while China produced 3% less and the EU 2% less. In 2018 world energy increased 3%, mainly in the USA (8%).[5] From 2015 to 2017 wind energy increased 37% and solar energy 73%.

https://www.irena.org/publications/2019/Jul/Renewable-energy-statistics-2019 https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/dataset/world-development-indicators

Energy Consumption 2018 Global energy consumption grew signi cantly in 2018, spurred by the sustained economic growth and rising demand in China, the world’s largest energy consumer since 2009. Chinese energy consumption posted its highest growth since 2012, mainly driven by power generation, strong industrial demand and increasing transport fuel consumption encouraged by a growing vehicle eet. Total energy consumption in the United States reached a record high of 2.3 Gtoe in 2018, up 3.5% from 2017, partially driven by weather conditions (hot summer, cold winter). On the contrary, energy consumption decreased in the European Union (-1%) and in particular in Germany (-3.5%) partly due to decreasing consumption in the power sector, a milder winter, reducing consumption, and energy ef ciency improvements.

https://yearbook.enerdata.net/total-energy/world-consumption-statistics.html

Energy Consumption 2018

https://yearbook.enerdata.net/total-energy/world-consumption-statistics.html

Energy and Environment The ability to secure sources of energy is a vital national security interest for every country in the world. A dramatic increase in new energy sources and methods for capture and storage have rede ned the global energy landscape, p ro v i d i n g m o re o p t i o n s b e y o n d traditional oil and coal. At the same time, concern about climate change and environmental degradation is forcing political and business leaders to balance their economic goals with potential environmental consequences. There is a growing body of evidence on the impacts of energy access on health, education, and productivity. But, important questions remain about the cost-ef ciency of investments to balance the coverage (extensive margin) and per-connection availability (intensive margin) of providing electricity. The average annual energy consumption of electri ed households in Kenya is 20 times less than the average American household. The scienti c consensus on global warming and climate change is that it is

A picture showing how need for energy leads to mass production which irrevocably damages the environment

caused by anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, the majority of which comes from burning fossil fuels with deforestation and some agricultural practices being also major contributors. The environmental impact of reservoirs is coming under ever increasing scrutiny as the world demand for water and energy increases and the number and size of reservoirs increases. Dams and

the reservoirs can be used to supply drinking water, generate hydroelectric power, increasing the water supply for irrigation, provide recreational opportunities and for ood control. However, adverse environmental and sociological impacts have also been identi ed during and after many reservoir constructions.

https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/dime/brief/energy-environment https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/issue/energy-environment/

Energy Distribution Although 80 percent of the world's population lies in the developing countries (a fourfold population increase in the past 25 years), their energy consumption amounts to only 40 percent of the world total energy consumption. The high standards of living in the developed countries are attributable to high energy consumption levels. Also, the rapid population growth in the developing countries has kept the per capita energy consumption low compared with that of highly industrialized developed countries. The world average energy consumption per person is equivalent to 2.2 tonnes of coal. In industrialized countries, people use four to ve times more than the world average, and nine times more than the average for the developing countries. An American uses 32 times more commercial energy than an Indian The per capita energy consumption (see Figure 1.7) is too low for India as 13

Population Chart Vs. Energy Consumption Chart

compared to developed countries. It is just 4% of USA and 20% of the world average. The per capita consumption is likely to grow in India with growth in economy thus increasing the energy demand.

Energy intensity is energy consumption Energy intensity indicates the development stage of the country. India's energy intensity is 3.7 times of Japan, 1.55 times of USA, 1.47 times of Asia and 1.5 times of World average.

https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=32912

Current Global Scenario Energy Development:

Oil:

by China (43 bcm), Russia (23 bcm) and Iran (16 Bcm).

Primary energy consumption grew at a rate of 2.9% last year, almost double its 10-year average of 1.5% per year, and the fastest since 2010.

The annual average oil price (Dated Brent) rose to $71.31 per barrel, up from $54.19/barrel.

Global natural gas production increased by 190 bcm, or 5.2%.

By fuel, energy consumption growth was driven by natural gas, which contributed more than 40% of the increase. All fuels grew faster than their 10-year averages, apart from renewables, although renewables still accounted for the second largest increment to energy growth. China, the US and India together accounted for more than two thirds of the global increase in energy demand, with US consumption expanding at its fastest rate for 30 years.

Global oil production rose by 2.2 million b/d, or 2.4%. Re nery rose by 960,000 b/d, down from 1.5 million b/d in 2017. Nevertheless, average re nery utilization climbed to its highest level since 2007.

Natural Gas:

Carbon Emissions:

Natural gas consumption rose 5.3%, one of the fastest rates of growth since 1984.

Carbon emissions grew by 2.0%, the fastest growth for seven years.

Growth in gas consumption was driven mainly by the US (78 bcm), supported

Growth in inter-regional natural gas trade was 4.3%, more than double the 10-year average, driven largely by continuing rapid expansion in lique ed natural gas (LNG). LNG supply growth came mainly from Australia (15 bcm), the US (11 bcm) and Russia (9 bcm). China accounted for around half of the increase in imports (21 bcm).

Coal: Coal consumption grew by 1.4%, double its 10-year average growth. Consumption growth was led by India (36 mtoe) and China (16 mtoe). OECD demand fell to its lowest level since 1975.

https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy-economics/statistical-review-of-world-energy.html fi

Oil consumption grew by an aboveaverage 1.4 million barrels per day (b/d), or 1.5%.

Coal’s share in primary energy fell to 27.2%, its lowest in fteen years. Global coal production rose by 162 mtoe, or 4.3%. China (82 mtoe) and Indonesia (51 mtoe) provided the largest increments.

Renewable, Hydro and Nuclear Energy: Renewable power grew by 14.5%, slightly below its historical average, although its increase in energy terms (71 mtoe) was close to the record-breaking increase of 2017.

Solar generation grew by 30 mtoe, just below the increase in wind (32 mtoe), and provided more than 40% of renewables growth. By country, China was again the largest contributor to renewables growth (32 mtoe), surpassing growth in the OECD (26 mtoe) for the rst time. Hydroelectric generation increased by an above-average 3.1%, with European generation rebounding by 9.8% (12.9 15

Energy Consumption in the Current Scenario in comparison (2019-2020) with projections and history.

mtoe), almost offsetting its steep decline in the previous year.

accounted for more than half of the growth), India and the US.

Nuclear generation rose by 2.4%, its fastest growth since 2010. China (10 mtoe) contributed almost three quarters of global growth, with Japan (5 mtoe) the second largest increase.

By fuel, renewables accounted for a third of the net increase in power generation, followed closely by coal (31%) and then natural gas (25%).

Electricity: Electricity generation rose by an aboveaverage 3.7%, buoyed by China (which

The share of renewables in power generation increase from 8.4% to 9.3%. Coal still accounted for the largest share of power generation at 38%.

https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy-economics/statistical-review-of-world-energy.html

Forecast Scenarios for 2020 The world is increasingly aware that fundamental changes will be necessary to meet the growing demand for energy. There are many possible scenarios about what may emerge in the foreseeable future. Here are 4 such scenarios

Economy Fail Graph Showing the price of Oil on a steep increase from 2010

Environmental Backlash High Tech Economy Political Turmoil

Graph Showing Total Energy Demand Growth, 2000–25

http://107.22.164.43/millennium/scenarios/energy-scenarios.html

Forecast Energy Usage till 2040

The U.S. Energy Information Administration's in International Energy Outlook 2017

Inferences: These are the observations made about the Global Energy Scenarios currently.

1. Carbon Footprint Reduction will help save the growing energy consumption cost 2. Clean Energy is required to maintain a stable environment 3. Sustainable Practices have to be adopted on a global scale 4. Green Initiatives can help in the usage of renewable energy 5. Better Economy comes with better practices

9. Adequately Resourcing the energy consumed is one of the ethical and economic as well as environmental need of the hour 10.Energy Regulations have to be made by both public and private entities that deal with energy. 11.Public Awareness is important and that is where global summits play an important role. 12.Developing Countries in reality consume lesser energy compared to developed countries. 13.The highest growth is seen in the Solar Energy Production.

7. Innovation and New Technology requires better support extended by all the nations

14.On the whole only 14% of increase in renewable energy actually happened in the past decade which is lower than ideal and the focus should be on the renewable energy sector as of now.

8. More funds have to be extended towards Research and Development

15.Primary energy consumption has grown at a rate of 2.9% in 1 year alone.

6. Resilience in all practices helps in every savings

Global Energy Summits

Contents What is a Summit? What is a Global Summit? G20 Paris Agreement International Renewable Energy Conference International New Energy Summit 2020 World Energy Leaders' Summit World UN Climate Action Summit Pathways to Sustainable Urbanisation LBS Global Energy Summit 2017 2016 Columbia Global Energy Summit Chatham House: A Sustainable Food Future Science Collaboration Symposium

What is a Summit? A summit is convention that it is an exclusive event reserved for top level executives and leaders. Summits are usually reserved for top executives, or people of in uence within an organization or an industry. It is a setting where big business and discussions occur, deals are made, and debates happen.

What is a Global Summit? A Global Summit is a community forum for members and partners from around the world to participate in unprecedented collaboration to discuss today's needs, challenges and solutions across all Fields.

https://www.internet2.edu/news-events/events/global-summit/ https://www.spingo.com/blog/post/b2b-whats-the-di erence-between-aconference-convention-trade-show-and-sum ff

G20 The G20 is the latest in a series of post– World War II initiatives aimed at international coordination of economic policy, which include institutions such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, and what is now the World Trade Organization. The G20's primary focus has been governance of the global economy. Summit themes have varied from year to year. The theme of the 2006 G20 ministerial meeting was "Building and Sustaining Prosperity". The issues discussed included domestic reforms to achieve "sustained growth", global energy and resource commodity markets, reform of the World Bank and IMF, and the impact of demographic changes due to an aging world population. leaders from the following nations have been invited to the G20 summits: Azerbaijan, Benin, Brunei, Cambodia, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kazakhstan, Laos, Malawi, Malaysia, 22

G20 members (blue) and previously invited states (pink) as of 2016

Mauritania, Myanmar, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, the Philippines, Poland, Senegal, Singapore, Spain, Switzerland, Thailand, the United Arab Emirates, Vietnam, and Zimbabwe.

90% of the gross world product (GWP), 80% of world trade (or, if excluding EU intra-trade, 75%), two-thirds of the world population, and approximately half of the world land area.

Membership of the G20 consists of 19 individual countries plus the European Union. The EU is represented by the European Commission and by the European Central Bank. Collectively, the G20 economies account for around

With the G20 growing in stature after its inaugural leaders' summit in 2008, its leaders announced on 25 September 2009 that the group would replace the G8 as the main economic council of wealthy nations. Woods 2006; Gilpin 2001; Markwell 2006.

1. Long-term:

3. Flexible:

Energy ef ciency needs time. Based on best practices and knowledge sharing, investments, awareness and skills mature over several years.

Energy ef ciency national policies need to be dynamic and updated over time to bene t from lessons learned from national and international developments and constant technological innovation, among other things.

A long-term forward looking strategy will help avoid locking-in inef cient assets, boost pro tability, increase investors‟ con dence, and go beyond short-term measures that aim for the low-hanging fruit only, and maximise the full potential of energy ef ciency gains available.

2. Comprehensive: Energy ef ciency is rarely the result of one single decision or programme. Energy gains are achieved by combining and utilising experiences of different policy tools in the short-term and longterm objectives, across different sectors of the economy.

4. Adequately Resourced: Like all programmes, energy ef ciency needs to be adequately resourced by dedicated human, institutional and nancial resources, to allow its deployment at all levels of national and local economies. Support is needed to: i) create an enabling national policy environment; ii) generate direct investments by public and/or private stakeholders into energy

ef ciency solutions, systems and technologies.

5. Sustainability: To promote sustainable development, green growth and the ght against climate change. Its major outcomes included regulation of commodity derivatives markets, including Action Plan on Food Price Volatility and Agriculture and increase in transparency of energy markets.

6. Support: Encourage and support innovative energy-ef cient technologies and p r a c t i c e s t h ro u g h re s e a rc h a n d development, demonstration and dissemination; as well as developing open and effective energy ef ciency programmes that encourage energy technology transfer.

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G20 Energy E ciency Leading Programme (Final Version) fi

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G20 & Energy

Paris Agreement The Paris Agreement builds upon the Convention and for the rst time brings all nations into a common cause to undertake ambitious efforts to combat climate change and adapt to its effects, with enhanced support to assist developing countries to do so. As such, it charts a new course in the global climate effort. The Paris Agreement central aim is to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change by keeping a global temperature rise this century well below 2 degrees Celsius above preindustrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase even f u r t h e r t o 1 . 5 d e g re e s C e l s i u s . Additionally, the agreement aims to strengthen the ability of countries to deal with the impacts of climate change. To reach these ambitious goals, appropriate nancial ows, a new technology framework and an enhanced capacity building framework will be put in place, thus supporting action by

Aims and Goals of Paris Agreement projected till 2050

developing countries and the most vulnerable countries, in line with their own national objectives. The Agreement also provides for enhanced transparency of action and support through a more robust transparency framework. The Paris Agreement requires all Parties to put forward their best efforts through nationally determined

contributions (NDCs) and to strengthen these efforts in the years ahead. This includes requirements that all Parties report regularly on their emissions and on their implementation efforts. There will also be a global stocktake every 5 years to assess the collective progress towards achieving the purpose of the Agreement and to inform further individual actions by Parties.

https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement Paris Agreement COP24 update: everything you need to know | News fl

Paris Agreement & Energy 1. Climate Change: The Paris Agreement sets out a global framework to avoid dangerous climate change by limiting global warming to well below 2°C and pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5°C. It also aims to strengthen countries’ ability to deal with the impacts of climate change and support them in their efforts.

2. M i t i g a t i o n : R e d u c i n g Emissions -a long-term goal of keeping the increase in global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels; -on the need for global emissions to peak as soon as possible, recognising that this will take longer for developing countries; - t o u n d e r t a k e r a p i d re d u c t i o n s thereafter in accordance with the best available science, so as to achieve a balance between emissions and 25

removals in the second half of the century.

3. Transparency: -come together every 5 years to assess the collective progress towards the long-term goals and inform Parties in updating and enhancing their nationally determined contributions; -report to each other and the public on how they are implementing climate action; -track progress towards their commitments under the Agreement through a robust transparency and accountability system.

4. Adaptation -strengthen societies' ability to deal with the impacts of climate change; -provide continued and enhanced international support for adaptation to developing countries.

5. Support: The EU and other developed countries will continue to support climate action to reduce emissions and build resilience to climate change impacts in developing countries. Other countries are encouraged to provide or continue to provide such support voluntarily. Developed countries intend to continue their existing collective goal to mobilise USD 100 billion per year by 2020 and extend this until 2025. A new and higher goal will be set for after this period.

6. Resilience: -scale up their efforts and support actions to reduce emissions; -build resilience and decrease vulnerability to the adverse effects of climate change

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G20 Energy E ciency Leading Programme (Final Version)

International Renewable Energy Conference Initiated at the renewables 2004 conference in Bonn, IREC is a high-level political conference series dedicated to renewable energy policy worldwide. Dedicated exclusively to the renewable energy sector, IRECs are hosted by alternate Governments every two years and convened by REN21. One of the major accomplishments of the 2002 World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) in Johannesburg, South Africa, was the recognition that renewable energy is a critical component of sustainable development, energy security, climate change, and air quality. Worldwide enthusiasm for renewable energy has increased dramatically since WSSD.

The first IREC at Bonn

Energy

options and creative initiatives for reducing greenhouse gases through the use of renewable energy.

1. Links:

2. Clean Energy:

To discuss the links between energy, economic development, and climate change.To showcase technological 26

moving clean energy technologies from the laboratory into the marketplace.

3. Best Practices:

To demonstrate the successes of industry, government and civil society in

To exchange best practices and disseminate a range of policy and nancing options.

International Renewable Energy Conference (IREC) DevelopmentAid

International New Energy Summit 2020 As result of the twenty- rst Conference of Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC), the Paris Agreement signed in 2016, and afterwards 198 countries have developed national climate policies by 2018. Green Climate Fund (GCF) presented that it has already reached 1oC by the end of 2018. The consequence shows that countries need to take substantial measures against climate change. So, for the sake of the North East Asian Countries this International New Energy Summit 2020 is being held.

Energy

The poster projects the need for cooperation pf North East Asia Countries.

1. Supergrid The International New Energy Summit (INES) aims to bring signi cant contribution to expand political, economic and other multilateral cooperation in Mongolia’s initiative to reduce the negative impacts of energy sector on climate change through establishing Northeast Asian Super Grid. 27

2. Energy Market:

3. Regional Cooperation:

Acceleration and implementation of the Northeast Asian Super Grid Initiative will play an important role in reducing the negative environmental impacts of the energy industry and mitigating global warming. Besides, the Northeast Asia could share signi cant growth of global renewable energy market in the future.

Growth of energy demand in this region triggering climate change issue induced by the energy sector.Therefore, regional energy cooperation in northeast Asia will play a key role in dealing with emerging situation

https://gwec.net/international-new-energy-summit-2020/

World Energy Leaders' Summit World Energy Leaders’ Summits are private, high-level forums designed speci cally for global and regional energy leaders. These exclusive gatherings aim to spark dialogue on the critical issues affecting energy transition management and provide a platform to share best practices, clarify priorities for action and realise new opportunities for collaboration. The Summits build on the World Energy Council’s unique ability to convene a powerful community and facilitate leadership discussion on a whole energy system transition. Conventional thinking is challenged and new strategies and solutions are explored. The Summits typically make use of the Council’s wellrespected Energy Transition Toolkit and studies as a foundation to guide themes and open debate. World Energy Leaders’ Summits take place across the globe once or twice a year and are hosted by a National Member Committee. They bring together senior government of cials, business leaders and special guests and are by invitation only.

2. Innovation

Energy 1. Global Network The World Energy Council is the world's principal and impartial network of energy leaders, pioneers and practitioners.

Partners are vital to the Council, collaborating with our global network to lead the way in promoting innovation. Partnering with the Council presents an opportunity to shape system redesign challenges and insights, to become the leading voice in areas such as blockchain, cyber security, storage, hydrogen, and emobility.

https://gwec.net/international-new-energy-summit-2020/ fi

WELS World Energy Summit at Lisbon, Portugal

World UN Climate Action Summit The Climate Action Summit, and the Climate Youth Summit, succeeded in focusing the attention of world leaders, from government, the private sector and civil society, on the urgency for action to address the climate emergency, and on increasing climate action. It was designed to be a different kid of Summit. Countries were also asked to present concrete and realistic plans compatible with these goals. The Secretary-General asked leaders to come to the Summit to present plans, not make speeches. The most ambitious plans created a unique opportunity to showcase leadership towards transformative climate action that would make change in the world.

Energy 1. Plans for a Carbon Neutral World

2. Climate Finance

6. Live, Work and Move Green

Powering the Future from Coal to CleanMaking the economic and business case for shifting to renewable energy.

Announcements of concrete actions to transition to a decarbonized built environment,sustainable mobility systems,and speci cally-tailored nancial and technical support for urban transitions

3. Unlocking the Potential of Nature in Climate Action Announcements on the scaling up of Nature-Based Solutions in their Nationally Determined Contributions and Long-Term strategies to increase ambition and concrete actions to protect nature to better ght climate change.

4. S m a l l I s l a n d D e v e l o p i n g States Announcements related to the SIDS’ vision for developing along a resilient and carbon neutral pathway

5. Towards a Resilient Future Announcements of plans to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050 or sooner including by enhancing their Nationally Determined Contributions by 2020.

A n n o u n c e m e n t s o f c o n c re t e a n d transformative actions to deliver climatefriendly and ef cient cooling plans and the scaling-up and delivery of energy ef ciency in Nationally Determined Contributions and Long-Term Strategies

8. The Economy Moving from Grey to Green Announcementsofconcrete and ambitious actions to get to carbon neutrality before 2050.

https://gwec.net/international-new-energy-summit-2020/ fi

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Announcements of plans to mainstream climate risk

7. Cutting GHG Emissions Now with Cooling and Energy E ciency

Pathways to Sustainable 2016 Columbia Global Urbanisation, JNU Energy Summit Urban sustainability: perspectives and approaches

1. Growth and urban sustainability 2. Social mobilization and sustainable urban transformation 3. Developing future research agendas: what is to be done?

LBS Global Energy Summit 2017

The LBS Global Energy Summit 2017 is the London Business School Energy Club’s annual agship event, providing an unrivaled forum for political, academic and business thoughtleaders to explore and debate ideas on the future of the energy industry. This year's theme: 'Transition in an Uncertain Energy World', focuses on three areas of the industry: Renewables & Utilities Oil & Gas Energy Innovation through Finance

He also spoke about Total’s counter-cyclical approach to upstream investment, its support for carbon pricing, and a tour d’horizon of some of the world’s leading oil producing countries. Pouyann was unequivocally bullish on oil markets, noting the impact of massive spending cuts that have resulted in the cancellation of most large projects and the steep acceleration of decline rates due to deferred maintenance and investment. Subsequent panel discussions focused on the follow-up to the Paris climate agreement and how businesses can adapt their business models; the outlook for the global natural gas sector, the importance of US LNG exports and the role of gas in reducing global emissions; the changes underway in the power generation sector and how technological innovations may increase access in developing countries; and how US oil production was reacting to the current price environment and the pressures it was creating for other oil producing nations.

International Conference on Pathways to Sustainable UrbanisationJanuary 29 –30, 2016, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi http://energypolicy.columbia.edu/events-calendar/2017-columbia-global-energy-summit fl

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In a far-ranging and candid keynote interview with Daniel Yergin, Total CEO Patrick Pouyann covered many pressing issues at the forefront of today’s oil and gas markets, from the supply and demand response to the oil price collapse and the global outlook for oil and gas prices.

Science Collaboration Chatham House: A Sustainable Food Future Symposium 1. SDG: Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the COP21 climate change commitments – In order to satisfy these agreements, how will food production and consumption approaches need to be reassessed by countries, companies and individuals? Key areas for improvement include tackling food waste, changing consumption and improving the ecological ef ciency of food production.

2. Urbanisation: Demographic shifts and increasing urbanization – These are furthering the need for, and accelerating, changes to farming systems. Methods for adaption to a low carbon, urbanized world and the potential for entrepreneurial approaches and new technologies to generate solutions will be assessed.

3. Resilience: Sustainable development and resilience - To ensure food security and economic development, resilience must be improved. As climate risk grows, how can investment be mobilized to help prevent serious disruption and what risk management mechanisms, including insurance.

With over 80 per cent of global GDP generated in cities, forecasts show that there will be 30 ‘mega cities’ worldwide by 2020 and increasing demand for the concept of the ‘smart city’ as a way of providing a better quality of life and more sustainable living. Smart City technologies use cross-sectoral solutions to address key urban challenges There’s a huge opportunity, right now, to develop liveable and resilient urban infrastructure in order to make sure that our cities are healthy and successful and how that would re ect on the citizen. The global Smart Cities market is valued at more than £900 billion by 2020 and there’s an estimated global infrastructure investment of £25 trillion required over the next 20 years to ensure sustainable urban futures. The symposium discussed the latest innovations, start ups, research and practice related to smart cities and covered the following themes

1. Sustainable infrastructure 2. Smart city technologies 3. Social impact

https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/assets/pdf/CAS_Agenda.pdf

Inferences: Here are a list of how Global Energy Summits help the World:

13.Social Impact

1. Carbon Neutrality

14.Supergrid

2. Clean Energy

15.Better Energy Market

3. Best Practices towards Sustainability

16.Regional Cooperation

4. Climate Finance

17.Mitigation: Reducing Emissions

5. Action Against Climate Change

18.Transparency in Energy Dealings

6. Aid to Developing Countries

19.Adaptation as a Global Entity

7. Resilient Future

20.Support extended globally

8. Green Initiatives

21.Resilience in all practices

9. Cutting GHG Emissions

22.Innovation and New Technology

10.Better Economy

23.R&D

11.Sustainable infrastructure

24.Adequately Resourcing

12.Smart city technologies

25.Energy Regulations