Modals and modal perfects with key

Page 1

PERFECT MODAL VERBS FORM: USE:

rd

Modal verb + HAVE + Participle (VReg  +ed / VIrr  3 column)

Deductions, opinions or comments about events that happened in the past.

PRACTICAL SITUATIONS 1.

The speaker is certain that something happened or was true.  MUST HAVE: She must have studied a lot. Her exam is excellent.

2.

The speaker guesses that something was possible or true.  MAY HAVE: He may have gone out. He doesn’t answer the phone.  MIGHT HAVE: She might have forgotten to throw the rubbish out.

3.

The speaker thinks something was possible, but it didn’t happen in the end.  COULD HAVE: You could have passed the exam.  MIGHT HAVE: You might have had an accident.

4.

The speaker is sure that something didn’t happen.  CAN’T HAVE: She can’t have finished. It’s too early.  COULDN’T HAVE: They couldn’t have predicted the tornado.

5.

Something happened, but it was not necessary.  NEEDN’T HAVE: You needn’t have brought a gift.

6.

The speaker regrets something that happened.  SHOULD HAVE / OUGHT TO HAVE: You should have / ought to have called me earlier.  SHOULDN’T HAVE: He shouldn’t have bought this car. It’s too old.

7. The speaker desired to do something, but it couldn’t be done.  WOULD HAVE: I would have gone to the demonstration, but I was very busy.

PRACTICE ON MODAL VERBS AND MODAL PERFECTS 1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the modal verbs in the box. There may be more than one correct answer. can • must • could • should • may • have to • be able to • need

 He’s not coming rafting because he ___ swim.

 ___ I use your phone, please?

 I wanted to watch a film, but I ___ make the DVD

 Sssh, stop talking! You ___ make noise.

player work.  I ___ play guitar, but not well enough to play in your band.  Wendy ___ relax as soon as her exams finish next week.  Oliver ___ solve difficult maths problems when he was really young.

 If you feel bad, you ___ lie down and take a rest.  He can go home now. He ___ stay here.  If I cook, then Caroline ___ do the washing-up.  You ___ stop spending the whole day on the internet. It’s not healthy!  You ___ come with us if you don’t want to.


2 Choose the correct option to complete the text. If you’re going camping in the mountains, you may / must make some preparations. First, you should / needn’t think about yourself: are you fit enough? Go for a walk with your rucksack on your back. If it’s too heavy for you on fl at land, you don’t have to / mustn’t try to carry it up a mountain! But if you’re young and healthy, you’re probably fit enough. Take a light tent and a sleeping bag, but remember that the sleeping bag shouldn’t / needs to be warm enough for mountain nights. You’ll must / have to carry a map and a compass and some cooking equipment, too. And it’s not a bad idea to carry a whistle. If you get lost, you will be able to / can make a loud noise so that people can find you. Finally, you can’t / must always have enough water. Last year, I had to / must come back down a mountain late one evening because I didn’t have water for the next morning!

3 Write the answers using the prompts and perfect modals.  How did he earn so much money?  He / must / get / good job.  Where did she meet her boyfriend?  They / might / meet / on holiday.  Why do you think he’s so tired?  He / can’t / sleep / much.  Do you think I bought the right shirt?  No. / You / should / buy / the green one.  He doesn’t look very happy, does he?  He / shouldn’t / split up / his girlfriend.

4 Rewrite the sentences using a modal verb of advice or obligation in the correct form.  Smoking is not allowed here.  You ___  It would be a good idea to see a doctor.  You ___  It is absolutely necessary that you come home.  You ___  It is not necessary for you to stay here any longer.  You ___  I don’t think it’s a good idea to eat ice cream every day.  You ___  I’m thirsty and it’s necessary that I drink something.  I ___

5 Complete the dialogue with can’t, can’t have, could have, must, must have, should, shouldn’t have, might have and the correct form of the verbs. ANDY:

Why didn’t Hannah come to the concert with us yesterday?

TIM:

I don’t know. She ___ (forget).

ANDY:

She ___ (forget) – she’s been talking about it for weeks!

TIM:

Why didn’t you call her? You ___ (check) with her last night.

ANDY:

What? You’re her boyfriend! You ___ (call) her!

TIM:

Yes, you’re right. I’ll call her now. Hmm, no answer. Where is she?

ANDY:

Doesn’t she go swimming on Saturday mornings?

TIM:

Yes, you’re right, she ___ (be) in the pool. Hey, how do you know so much about her?

ANDY:

Well, maybe you ___ (leave) her alone all last weekend with nobody to talk to but me! She ___ (feel) very lonely, because she didn’t stop talking to me.

TIM:

Oh dear. She ___ (be) very happy with me. But I’m not happy with her either, so maybe it’s all for the best.


PRACTICE ON MODAL VERBS AND MODAL PERFECTS: KEY 1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the modal verbs in the box. There is more than one correct answer.      

     

can’t couldn’t can can / will be able to could / was able to / couldn’t can / could / may

mustn’t should can’t / doesn’t have to can / should / has to should / must / have to don’t have to / don’t need to

2 Choose the correct option to complete the text. must

should

mustn’t

needs to

have to

be able to

must

had to

3 Write the answers using the prompts and perfect modals.     

He must have got a good job. They might have met on holiday. He can’t have slept much. No. You should have bought the green one. He shouldn’t have split up with his girlfriend.

4 Rewrite the sentences using a modal verb of advice or obligation in the correct form.      

You must not smoke here. You should see a doctor. You must come home. You needn’t stay here any longer / You don’t have to stay here any longer. You shouldn’t eat ice cream every day. I need to drink something.

5 Complete the dialogue with can’t, can’t have, could have, must, must have, should, shouldn’t have, might have and the correct form of the verbs.        

must have forgotten can’t have forgotten could have checked should call must be shouldn’t have left might have felt can’t be


Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.