Twenty for Twenty 20 Minute Neighbourhoods for 20 Types of Suburbs Jessica Lupita + Sandra Mansilla + Melissa Woon Studio 6: ZOOMBURBIA 2.0! Future Homes and the City of Short Distances Unit Code: ARC80002 Design Research Studio C | MA-ARCUD Semester 2, 2020 Unit Convener + Studio Leader: Dr Ian Woodcock Zoomburbia 2.0: Jessica Lupita | Sandra Mansilla | Melissa Woon
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Zoomburbia 2.0: Jessica Lupita | Sandra Mansilla | Melissa Woon
ABSTRACT The Business-as-Usual Approach of creating large areas of suburban residential lots with single-uses not only contribute to urban sprawl but also lead to inefficient redevelopment, creating excessive hard surfaces, lack of space for gardens and limited densities to achieve economies of scale. This compromises the desire that Plan Melbourne must create for accessible and connected spaces that provide services and destinations to support local living at viable densities. Our project seeks to promote a paradigm shift from traditional lotby-lot single-use development to an approach where multiple programs are combined into hybrid architecture buildings that amalgamate individual housing lots into multi-scale hybrid typologies. The basis of our 20-minute neighbourhood strategy is to apply these hybrid typologies across a range of urban contexts based on 20 suburb typologies we have identified. The goal is to set up a strong potential framework that can be applied in these representative typologies which enable the retrofitting of our hybrid architectural proposals to promote walkability and provide access to amenities. This method can then be replicated for other suburbs across Metropolitan Melbourne by matching them to the representative typologies.
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CONTENTS – – – – – – –
Chapter 1: Macro Chapter 2: Meso Chapter 3: Future Home Chapter 4: Intergenerational Learning Chapter 5: Activity Node Chapter 6: Parkdale Appendices
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CHAPTER 1 MACRO Future Scenario + Macro Urban Proposal
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The process of identifying these 20 representative suburb types started with the mapping of train corridors and urban growth boundaries over different historical periods. From there, we took at least one suburb of each ring on the train corridor and one suburb between them randomly. We ended up selecting 80 suburbs across the Metropolitan Area for further analysis.
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The next step was to look at the land uses as a key defining character of the suburbs. The zones of each suburb were recorded in detail along with the public transport accessibility and environmental qualities each suburb had. We concluded that there are 20 preliminary groups of suburbs across the Metropolitan area. Based on the findings, we built a matrix to include other parameters that also characterize the suburbs. The parameters we used are: – – – – – – – –
Built form density Commercial and retail character Land use predominance Natural landscaping Green open spaces Transport Grid morphology Infrastructure and environment
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Suburb Profiling
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Based on the results of our matrix, we scored each suburb’s performance in terms of walkability, employment opportunities, local services for health care and learning, open spaces and housing diversity; in other words, aims that Plan Melbourne’s has for 20’ minute neighbourhoods. However, we found out that only 15% of these types offer these features adequately. Clearly, if Plan Melbourne aims to make this concept a reality for everyone there’s still a long way to go. With our method, we wish to make this possible by giving a standardised solution but attending to each suburb’s unique condition.
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We wanted to take into consideration the people that live in the selected suburbs and start looking into demographic data classified by job type, age group and household type to determine the amenities and programs needed in each suburb typology. There are some steps we took in processing the demographic data. First we process the data by joining, combining, calculating and visualising datasets, then we classify the data per each suburb type that we have discussed in the beginning, we then analysed the pattern for the highest and lowest points of the groups. Finally, we generated the percentage to help us finalise the score in collaboration with the other data to create our criteria of 20 minute neighborhood which we will explain more in a moment. We also generated the score of amenities needed and diversity rate I.e school, age care, housing and job diversity based on the data that we have analysed. This will then be processed to get the amenity and program we will need on our proposed scenarios.
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Demographic Data
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Moving forward, we wanted to look at building typologies to inform our architectural response. So we built a matrix based on the parameters from Plan Melbourne. We then became interested at introducing new hybrid typologies Hybrid buildings have the capability to create urban density by aggregating multiple programmes. We stumbled upon this reading that highlights the benefits of hybrid buildings beyond just as social condensers. So we started to aggregate our programmes to create our own hybrid typologies. The result is four preliminary hybrid buildings, each focusing on a specific need.
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What is Twenty for Twenty? We are not proposing a single perfectly packaged 20min neighbourhood. Instead, we are proposing a kit of parts to match each suburb type with a hybrid typology - a methodology to achieve 20-minute access to local amenities. We took the scores from our previous findings and matched each type of neighbourhood with our Hybrid Forms. Twenty for Twenty is applying new hybrid typologies to create 20 Minute Neighbourhoods for 20 Types of Suburbs. The aim is to facilitate local economies by meeting the needs of the neighbourhoods through our hybrid forms.
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CHAPTER 2 MESO Neighbourhood Lot Selection + Amenity Mapping
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What is Twenty for Twenty? We are not proposing a single perfectly packaged 20min neighbourhood. Instead, we are proposing a kit of parts to match each suburb type with a hybrid typology - a methodology to achieve 20-minute access to local amenities. We took the scores from our previous findings and matched each type of neighbourhood with our Hybrid Forms. Twenty for Twenty is applying new hybrid typologies to create 20 Minute Neighbourhoods for 20 Types of Suburbs. The aim is to facilitate local economies by meeting the needs of the neighbourhoods through our hybrid forms.
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We built a preliminary script using grasshopper to aid our decision making for the location of our hybrid building The script treats the lots as points (image1) and finds the shortest walking distance, taking into consideration existing infrastructure and amenity. The lot with the shortest network distance is then selected. The second script we explored does the same thing but it was less efficient. We used Galapagos, an evolutionary solver which took about 20 seconds to go through 344 points. If anyone else is trying something similar i would recommend doing it using the basic mathematical solution from the first script as it is more efficient. We tested this at a mesoscale on 7 different suburbs to refine it and find its limitations.Based on our findings, the script was refined to meet each hybrid typology condition. At the end, we discuss in detail how this is applied for a case study in Parkdale.
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CHAPTER 3 FUTURE HOME Majority work by Melissa Woon Carrying through this methodology of parts and patterns, we used pattern languages from Christopher Alexander to form the basis of our designs. The architecture of our future home hybrid typology has additional spaces you would not see in the Business as usual approach as well as realms for personalisation. The kit of parts for the fixed design include the main elements that define the space. It is about what makes a bedroom space, a utility space, a living space but also office and retail spaces that can be retrofitted into the future home building. This allows for more latitude for personalisation based on occupant needs while ensuring they have the essential kits to work with.
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The street front, although controversial sets off a different kind of home, a future home where urban density can be achieved, vibrancy of streets, external circulation with common areas at a tangent, light coming from two sides with deepened window sills as well as larger bedrooms with added spaces for personalisation.
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CHAPTER 4 INTERGENERATIONAL LEARNING Majority work by Sandra Mansilla
For this particular hybrid, there are two clear uses: education and aged care. In that sense, the space modules were designed in response to those specific needs.We designed personalisation spaces available for living space, common and private, at the aged care facility.
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Intergenerational Learning Aged Care. Space Design
Personalisation Space
1 Private bedroom space
6 Student bedroom nook
11 Customisable seating nook
16 Custom landscaping
2 Built-in storage
7 Built-in planter filter
12 Flexible communal area
17 Public path
3 Disabled access door
8 Curtain pipe for privacy
13 Sliding glass drs facing patio
18 Seasonal crops (variable)
4 Kitchen
9 Shared special care bedroom
14 Shared dining area
19 Seating around path
5 Universal bathroom
10 Private living space
15 Built-in notice board
20 Decking for informal learning
8 2 6
7
2
2
2 4
3 1
4
3
9
5
10
Bedroom
Bedroom
Bedroom
Living
Senior (Solo unit)
Student (Loft unit)
Twin (Special care unit)
Typical
15
11
2
12 Bathroom
3
Typical
13
13
5
3
14
12
13
Entrance
Communal Area
Communal Area
Niches
Living/Sharing
Dining
19 17
19
18 17
16 17
16
16
Walk-through Garden Path
Communal Vegetable Garden
Seating on Path
Workshop Outdoor Expansion
Connection Patio Typ.
Connection Patio Typ.
Learning Courtyard Typ.
Learning Courtyard Typ.
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Intergenerational Learning Serving Suggestions
Bedroom
Bedroom
Living Area
Living
Senior (Solo unit)
Student (Loft unit)
Special Care Unit
Typical
Bathroom
Entrance
Communal Area
Communal Area
Typical
Niches
Living/Sharing
Dining
Walk-through Garden Path
Communal Vegetable Garden
Seating on Path
Workshop Outdoor Expansion
Connection Patio Typ.
Connection Patio Typ.
Learning Courtyard Typ.
Learning Courtyard Typ.
We have bedrooms for elderly -in studios or more private, as well as for those who need special care. Also, spaces like this on top of bathrooms were designed for students who can live there temporarily. Universal designed bathrooms, which have light entering from the semi-open corridor, where we can find these niches by the entrance of each unit. These spaces are planned to be customised, but also generate casual encounters. Communal areas for dining and living. And finally, outdoor spaces designed on the ground floor - which were designed as shared intergenerational spaces.
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Intergenerational Learning Educational. Space Design
1 Classroom
6 Folding pnls for integration
11 Glass divider
16 Deck for outdoor learning
2 Whiteboard
7 Sld large drs for integration
12 Meeting pod
17 Custom landscaping
3 Windows facing patio
8 Lobby/open learning
13 Foldable projection screen
18 Plants pots fixed on wall
4 Sliding drs to small patio
9 Notice board
14 Flexible workplace
19 Flexible playground space
5 Built-in storage
10 Individual learning box
15 Seating area
20 Climbing wall
Personalisation Space
7 2 5
5
4
6
5 9
1
1
4
8
1
Classroom
Classroom 1A
Primary (Traditional)
Primary (Indep.)
3
7
4
4
3
Classroom 1B
Lobby/Breakout (Typ)
3
Primary (Indep.)
5
Secondary
5 11
6
13
7
10
6 1
5 14
10
Classroom (Typ.) Secondary
10
Self-learning Meeting Tertiary
3
3
5
Media room
12
Tertiary
11
14 Workshop 1A
11
Tertiary
3
6
3
3
18
18 20 16 17 Pocket Patio 1A Breakout & learning
15
16
15 Pocket Patio 2 Colourful Garden
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18 Pocket Patio 3
Pocket Patio 1B
Playground
Breakout & learning
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Intergenerational Learning Serving Suggestions
Classroom
Classroom 1A
Classroom 1B
Lobby/Breakout (Typ)
Primary (Traditional)
Primary (Indep.)
Primary (Indep.)
Secondary
Classroom (Typ.)
Self-learning Meeting Tertiary
Media room
Workshop 1A
Secondary
Tertiary
Tertiary
Pocket Patio 1A
Pocket Patio 2
Pocket Patio 3
Pocket Patio 1B
Breakout & learning
Colourful Garden
Playground
Breakout & learning
Looking at the modules for education, we have large classrooms, preferably placed at the extremes of the building and also smaller modules for the middle part, that enable us to have these type of pocket patios in between and gain light, views and outdoor expansions from both sides. We also have media and workshop rooms that can be adapted to large or small modules size. And these self-learning and meeting spaces which equal half of one large module.
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Intergenerational Learning Use-specific & Intergenerational sharing spaces
1 Classroom large size
6 Expansive classrooms
11 Communal vegetable garden
2 Classroom small size
7 Private realm
12 Wire mesh platform for concerts
3 Outdoor learning opportinities
8 Shared realm
13 Seatings for informal meetings
4 Natural lighting from 2+ sides
9 Opportunity to personalise
14 Flexible workshop spaces for elderly
5 Flexible for informal learning
10 Outdoor connexion
15 Communal areas for informal visits
Use-specific Spaces 4
1
2
3
1
1
3
1
5
5
5 6
2
Small Classrooms
4
Small Classrooms
+ Patios
Flexible + Patios
Large Classrooms
Large Classrooms
+ Breakout Space
Divided + Breakout
6
9
10 9
9
7
10
Residential Units
Intergenerational Sharing Spaces
5
8
8 Standard
8
8
10
Special Care
Communal Area
Residential Units
Entrance Niches
10
Communal Area Living/Dining
14
11 12
5
6
15
13
8
13 8
8
8
Vegetable Garden & Platform
Seating & Path
Worshop Space
Communal Area
Connection Patio
Learning Courtyard
Learning Courtyard
Age Care Building
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Intergenerational Learning Aged Care Type Floor Plans
1
3
1 Communal area
6 Bathroom
2 Semi-open corridor
7 Kitchen
3 Storage
8 Living area
4 Entrance nook
9 Bedroom
5 Study nook
10 Balcony
1
2
2
4
4
4
5 7
6
6 6
8 7
7 8 9
10
10
Residential Units
0
1
2
5
3
10
Special Care Units
5m
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Intergenerational Learning Educational Type Floor Plans
6
1
7
5
2
3
5 6
Primary (Traditional)
0
1
2
3
6
5m
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1
7
2
6
Primary (Independent Sector)
6 Large classroom
11 Lobby/Breakout
2 Hall/Foyer
7 Pocket patio 1
12 Self-learning box
3 Children bathroom
8 Pocket patio 2
13 Meeting pod
4 Adults bathroom
9 Pocket patio 3
14 Flexible workplace
5 Small classroom
10 Flexible space
15 Media room
5
10
5
8
1 Lift/Staircase
3
9
Intergenerational Learning Educational Type Floor Plans
6
6
6
1 Lift/Staircase
6 Large classroom
11 Lobby/Breakout
2 Hall/Foyer
7 Pocket patio 1
12 Self-learning box
3 Children bathroom
8 Pocket patio 2
13 Meeting pod
4 Adults bathroom
9 Pocket patio 3
14 Flexible workplace
5 Small classroom
10 Flexible space
15 Media room
14 13
13
11 1
2
11
4
1
2
4
15
6
Secondary
0
1
2
3
6
6
12
14
Tertiary/Adults
5m
In this slide, we’re looking at the typical floor plans for the educational building. In this case, having large classrooms at the extremes and smaller ones and different type of pocket patios in the middle. In this option, we have a narrow circulation from the staircase to distribute to the classrooms…
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Intergenerational Learning Pattern Language / C. Alexander / Public Realm
18 Network of Learning
31 Promenade
85 Shopfront Schools
43 University as a Marketplace
57 Children in the City
40 Old People Everywhere
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Intergenerational Learning Aged Care Facility
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Intergenerational Learning Building Scale + Programme
Res. Single Unit
Res. Special Care
Small - Two Lot Site
Res. Elderly+Student
Class. Primary (Indep.)
Level 2
Class. Primary (Traditional)
Hall/Foyer
Level 1
Cafe Medium - Four Lot Site Retail
Workshop Space
Community Library
Child Care
Age Care Communal Area Large - Eight Lot Site / Greyfields / Brownfields
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Ground Level
Intergenerational Learning Street View
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Intergenerational Learning Public Realm. Architecture in Context
1 Playground
6 Age Care Foyer
11 Educ. Facility Foyer
2 Child Care
7 Community Library
12 Bycicles Storage
3 Cafe
8 Learning Courtyard
13 Retail
4 Vegetable Garden
9 Outdoor Expansion
14 Atrium
5 Connection Courtyard
10 Workshop Spaces
15 Drop-off Area
4
14
1
11
12
9 5
8
10
7
2
13
10 3 6
0
1
2.5
5
10m
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9
13
15
Intergenerational Learning Vegetable Garden
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Intergenerational Learning Classroom
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CHAPTER 5 ACTIVITY NODE Majority work by Jessica Lupita
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CHAPTER 6 PARKDALE 20-minute Neighbourhood Case Study
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Intergenerational Learning Demographic
Intergenerational Learning Lots Selection
Education Dominant Groups
Hybrid Scale Selection 2x Medium
Primary School 180 Students 30 Teachers & Staff Aged Care
Primary School (Other non government)
2020
(Other non government)
2050
1349
1112
2020 Secondary School
21.3%
13.5%
847
2050
961
+237
24 Res. Units
76%
24 Elderly 12 Students
+114
79% Tertiary Institution
2020
20%
2050
680
567
+113
Aged Care
2020 65 yo and over
20%
1868
2050
2055
26%
+187
Education Facility 90 Secondary School Students
Aged Care
90 Tertiary
24 Res. Units
Educ. Students
24 Elderly
25 Professors & Staff
12 Students
(*)Data from Australian Bureau of Statistics
Intergenerational Learning Related Facilities Mapping
100
200
300
400
500m
0
100
200
300
400
500m
Intergenerational Learning Hybrid Typology Location
5 4
0
3 6
7 2
1
8
9
Age Care Facilities Educational Facilities 1 Primary School (Private) 2 Primary School (Private) 3 Primary School (Private) 4 Primary School (Public) 5 Childcare and Kindergarden 6 Primary School (Public) 7 Secondary School (Private) 8 Primary School (Private) 9 Primary School (Public) Medical Facilities Reserves with Sportive Ground
0
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100
200
300
400
500m
Active Node Demographic
Active Node Lots Selection
Jobs / Family Type
Hybrid Scale Selection 1x Medium
Dominant Use 22 Offices units
2016 Professionals
10%
1715
2050
1886
200 Workers
+171
80% 6 Shop Houses 3 Cafes Health Care
2016 Couple w/Children
10%
1608
2050
1769
Mode of Transport 1 Commmunity Facility (Family recreation
2016 Get to work by car
3823
20%
2050
& entertainment)
5734
Active Node Related Facilities & Retail Strip Mapping
100
200
300
400
500m
0
100
200
300
400
500m
Active Node Hybrid Typology Location
1 1
2
0
1
1 1
1
Commercial 1 Retail Strip 2 Shopping Centre Medical Facilities Station
0
100
200
300
400
500m
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Green Typology Related Green Areas Mapping
Green Typology Hybrid Typology Location
Reserves, Parks and Beach
0
100
200
300
400
500m
0
100
200
300
400
500m
Green Typology Lots Selection
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100
200
300
400
500m
Future Home Population Demand Dwelling Type
Dwelling No.
Increase of
Parkdale Population to increase by
from 2016 ABS census 24% 2 bedroom
1246
+149
5.4%
40% 3 bedroom
2077
+243
21% 4 bedroom
1090
+118
4% 5 bedroom
208
+51
11% unstated... or let’s say 1 bedroom
571
+312
by
2036
HIGHER DEMAND FOR DWELLINGS WITH MORE THAN 2 BEDROOMS
Number of households increase by
Type of Living Arrangement 2011
7.6% by
2036
Future Home Hybrid Typologies 2, 3 & 4 Mapping
INCREASE IN FAMILY-TYPE DWELLINGS
2016
Family 2930
3090
+5.4%
Single 1284
1207
-6%
Group 104
99
-4.8% Hybrid Typology 2 Hybrid Typology 3 Hybrid Typology 4
0
100
200
300
400
500m
0
100
200
300
400
500m
Future Home Hybrid Typology Location
Future Home Lots Selection
0
100
200
300
400
500m
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Parkdale Precinct Masterplan
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Precinct Proposition Public and Active Transport Existing cycling corridor Existing train line
Mentone Station
Proposed bus route Existing cycling corridor
Thrift Park Activity Centre
Existing bus route
Proposed cycling corridor
Proposed bus stops Proposed bus route along spine
Mordialloc Station
Parkdale School & Activity Centre
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Precinct Proposition Land uses & Zoning
1_Hybrid Typologies 1, 2, 3 & 4
2_Existing facilities/ commercial strip
3_New cultural facility prop.
4_Mix Use
5_Res. Mid-dens. (Private)
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6_Res. Mid-dens. (50% afford. housing)
7_Res. Mid-dens. (50% intergen. housing)
5m min. front setback 1m min. side setback 11m max. height 50% max. site coverage
Precinct Proposition Green Strategy
1_Hybrid Typology 4 in Gerry Green Reserve
2_>50% Greening in underutilised spaces
3_Greening & linking existing parks
4_Dense canopy cover in Spine street trees
5_Less dense canopy cover in Secondary paths
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Precinct Proposition Public Realm in a 20-minute Neighbourhood Local playgrounds and parks
Ability to age in place Local schools
Lifelong learning opportunities
Housing diversity
Connected within the region
Green streets and spaces
Community gardens
Affordable housing
Local employment opportunities Walkability
Safe cycling networks
Local public transport
Safe streets
Local health facilities and shopping centres Sports and recreation
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$ႇRUGDEOH housing
Precinct Proposition Aerial View
HT3: Local employment opportunitties
HT2: Ability to age in place Local playgrounds and parks
HT3: Local health facilities and shopping centres Green streets and spaces
HT1: Housing diversity
Sports and recreation Safe streets
HT2: Lifelong learning opportunities Local public transport
Safe cycling networks Connected within the region
Walkability
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Spine Street Street Treatment
0
1
5
10
15m
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Spine Street A Vibrant Public Realm
0
1
5
10
15m
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Spine Street Sitting & Walking Areas
0
1
5
10
15m
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Spine Street A Vibrant Public Realm
0
1
5
10
15m
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Streetscape Universal Design 3
4 8 5
1
9 2
6
10
11
1 Wide sidewalks and pathways
5 Places of enclosure
9 Frequent seating with arms
2 Areas for socializing
6 Perpendicular tactile paving
10 Well-lit and consistent lighting
3 Clearly defined spaces
7 Pedestrian safety islands
11 Green infrastructure
4 Attenuated acoustic environment
8 Flexible seating
7
(*) Design Guide from American Society of Landscape Architects / Centre for Universal Design Australia
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Streetscape 13.90m
11.00m
HT2 / Cafe / Aged Care
0
0.5
1
2.5
Cafe Decking / Public Seating
Footpath
Seating / Planting Strip
Bike Lane
Green Strip
Bus Lane
Planting Strip / Sidewalk
Res. Private Front Yard
± 6m
min. 2.50m
3m
3m
2m
6m
4m
5m
5m
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Residential Building
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Urbano: Walkability
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‘Business-As-Usual’ vs ‘20 For 20’
We are proposing a perfectly packaged precinct design plan We are proposing a more flexible approach to urban planning with a selection of lot placements + programme mixes shaped by community and planners.
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Lot Size Tolerance Modifying Parameters
5% Tolerance
10% Tolerance
20% Tolerance
344 Lots
814 Lots
1179 Lots
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Final Thoughts Precincts Shaped by Collaboration
10% Tolerance - Option A
10% Tolerance - Option B
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Twenty For Twenty
NEW HYBRID TYPOLOGIES TO CREATE 20-MINUTE NEIGHBOURHOODS FOR 20 SUBURB TYPES
Intergenerational Learning Vegetable Garden
Affordable housing
HT3: Local employment opportunitties HT2: Ability to age in place
HT3: Local health facilities and shopping centres
Local playgrounds and parks Green streets and spaces
Sports and recreation
HT1: Housing diversity
Safe streets HT2: Lifelong learning opportunities
Local public transport
Safe cycling networks
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5
T6 T7 T8 T9 T10
T11 T12 T13 T14 T15
T16 T17 T18 T19 T20
Connected within the region
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Thank You
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APPENDICES
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Inner South Typology Mapping
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Future Wheels
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Passive Design + Passivhaus Research (Not our Work)
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Mapping Task Week 1. Individual Work
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Part 1. My experience of highly localised living
1. Domestic patterns.
2. External patterns.
3. Sense of connectivity.
2. External patterns.
3. Sense of connectivity.
Part 2. Combination of classmate’s drawings styles
1. Domestic patterns.
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Massing-Yield Studies Week 2. Individual Work
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Scenario 1. Site with two blocks
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First Explorations with Urbano Week 3. Individual Work
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Sketches & Design Process Week 11-12. Individual Work
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