EMERGING TECHNOLOGY NEWS

Regn.No.: MAHENG/2019/77824 Volume 1 - Issue 3 – July-Sept 2019 – Pages 84 – `150

SPECIAL ISSUE

Energy Storage Around the Globe

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CONTENTS Volume 1 – Issue 3 • July-September 2019

Energy Storage Special Energy storage around the globe

EV Review Tripping in an electric car

48

10

Laser Manufacturing It’s heading this way

66

Energy Storage Special

CHINA

13 ARICA

15 USA

18 AUSTRALIA 21 IRELAND

23 JAPAN

26 INDIA

Energy Storage Storage - key to dependable power source

33 4 July-September 2019 •

26

Battery Storage Pioneers

John B. Goodenough

36 M. Stanley

Whittingham

37 Akira

38 Jean-Marie

Yoshino

Leadership Speak

Shailesh Chandra

Neo Entry

Rahul Sharma

44 Mahesh Babu

Buchmann

Sadoway

Inside Technology

46 Dr. Satyajit Phadke

Battery Management

61 Isidor

39 Donald R.

Tarascon

07 09 10 33

Deshpande

Expert's Note From The Editor Energy Storage Special Energy Storage – Storage key to dependable power source 36 Battery Storage Pioneers 42 Global EV Insights – The China EV Evolution 44 Leadership Speak – Shailesh Chandra President – Electric Mobility Business & Corporate Strategy, Tata Motors Ltd 46 Mahesh Babu, CEO, Mahindra Electric 48 EV Review – Akshaye Barbuddhe's KONA drive 50 Inside Technology – High Temperature Batteries 54 ES Ranking – IESA Ranking of Energy Storage Companies in India 2019

Manthiram

41

Microgrid Services Use-Case

50 Ciro

Lanzetta

59 Fabrizio Ruffini

59

Solar Inittiatives

ARAI Connect

62 Anand

40 Arumugam

70 Iqbal Abdulla Hakim

72 Santhosh

Thannikat

73

56 Snapshots – World Energy Storage Week 58 Microgrid Services Use-Case – MicrO reneWable Grid for ruraL India (MOWGLI) 61 Neo Entry – Revolt Intellicorp 62 Battery Management – RCM in batteries 66 Laser Manufacturing – It’s heading this way 68 Used Battery Management – Recycling and Disposal of Batteries for Sustainable Future 70 ARAI Connect – Standards for EV Battery in India 72 Solar Initiative – SuryaKranti - a sun-driven future 74 National Update 78 International Update 81 Event Information 82 Imprint / Company & Ad Index • July-September 2019 5

EXPERT'S NOTE

World Energy Storage Day to unite us for a clean future

I

t brings immense pleasure for us at India Energy Storage Alliance (IESA) to bring out this special Global Issue of ETN on the occasion of the 3rd World Energy Storage Day (WESD). The day is celebrated annually on September 22, to highlight the importance of energy storage in the energy and transportation sector as well as its potential and impact on the sustainability of global energy resources. WESD was introduced in 2017 by Global Energy Storage Alliance to build awareness about the existing and growing energy storage market, highlight the uses of energy storage in application areas including EVs, renewables and carbon emission reduction.

Last decade the world witnessed the disruptions which changed the way energy sector operated across the globe. The once indispensable conventional assets suddenly were being turned into reserves and the balance sheets of such assets did not take much time to reflect the same. At the same point of time, the once perceived as option ‘Renewables’ took the centre stage and the world saw a spree of expansion of green energy. In a very short span, many countries across globe

Today there is a race to build bigger and bigger Gigafactories around the world.”

came out with commitments to significantly increase the renewable penetration. The early movers here included Germany, California, China, Australia etc.

India was not far behind in the race. But with this expansion of renewables; conventional assets are witnessing lower utilization, to even being shut down.

With increase of renewables in grid, variability in grid has increased. Time has come where grid operators are asking for dispatchable renewables. Energy storage is being seen as a natural selection as a multi-faceted solution to many of the issues with high RE penetration in the grid.

Since the last WESD, there is a marked increase in energy storage deployment around the globe. Almost at every quarter new records of deployment are achieved in terms of either increased storage project size or reducing levelized cost of energy storage. Recognizing the importance of energy storage, policymakers worldwide are enacting regulations that will accelerate the adoption of ESS for grid support in the coming years.

Apart from grid applications, there are meteoric improvements in the performance of storage technologies such as lithium-ion batteries.These are revolutionizing the transportation sector by increasing the range of electric vehicles on the road, electric ships, planes, and drones. The biggest impetus to investments in R&D and manufacturing of advanced energy storage technologies is fuelled by EVs. Back in 2017, at the 1st WESD celebration, sceptics questioned if there would ever be sufficient demand for the 1st Tesla Gigafactory to scale to full capacity.

Dr. Rahul Walawalkar President & MD, CES President, IESA & Chair, GESA

Today there is a race to build bigger and bigger Gigafactories around the world. Currently there are over 10 + Gigafactories under construction with individual production capacity of over 10 GWh per year. India is all set to join this revolution with the launch of National Mission for Transformative Mobility and Battery Manufacturing. IESA is proud to have played a role in NITI Aayog’s vision to attract at least 50 GWh of advanced cell manufacturing in India by 2025.

IESA and our members are working to achieve the mission of transforming India into a global hub for R&D and manufacturer of advanced energy storage and EV systems by 2022. According to IESA estimates, India has the potential to integrate over 300 GWh of energy storage during 2019-25.

I take this opportunity to once again wish all our readers a very happy World Energy Storage Day! #WESD2019 • July-September 2019 7

P ow ered by

IESA

India Energy Storage Alliance

IESW India Energy Storage Week

On occasion of World Energy Storage Day 22nd September

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Moving Onwards Vehicle Electrification

FROM THE EDITOR

Energy storage sector in the ascendant

D

ear Lord, let this charge in my phone last till I reach my hotel... I was enjoying my stay in Germany until I found myself stranded on lonely streets trying to explore my way on foot with Google maps. It was 1.30 am in a deserted lane post a client party, when I was struck by the importance of storage - both my phone and power bank had run out of power and I desperately needed to locate my hotel or book an Uber. No Power! Lord please save me!

I had to run to a nearby train station to get my phone charged.

Whether we realize it or not, energy storage has become a basic part of every person’s life and its importance is growing by the day.

The significance of storage is now recognized in many countries and the ETN team is happy to present to you the success stories of what worked in other parts of the globe and lessons to be learned.

As India is still evolving, we can adapt and take tips from the success of these countries to craft our own storage story.

To mark the importance of energy storage the Global Energy Storage Alliance (GESA), which initiated World Energy Storage Day on September 22, 2017, and it is celebrated around the world now.

In this issue India Energy Storage Alliance brings you the major policies and reforms which drive this sector and covers debates on whether it was the chicken first or the egg - was it government which drove infrastructure or industry initiatives which forced policies?

Prime Minister Modi has emphasized the importance of energy storage and in my recent conversations with Union Minister of Power and New and Renewable Energy R K Singh and secretary MNRE, Anand Kumar, the need to develop the storage segment in India was stressed by both. NITI Aayog is operating in top gear and working with IESA and storage stakeholders to find ways to accelerate growth in this sector.

Meanwhile, a toss-up between EV and ICE vehicles is currently doing the rounds increasing stress in an already down-spinning auto industry. Debate and speculation in the automotive fraternity was put to rest when, at the recent SIAM convention, Road Transport, Highways and MSME Minister, Nitin Gadkari mentioned that both would co-exist. The need still remains however for the government to work on proper policies, so EVs can leapfrog and gain importance in ICE dominated markets. At the same time, a new breed of dynamic startups is appearing on the scene to tweak the EV game. In time we could see disruptions on the EV chessboard and the fittest would get to call Checkmate.

Ashok Thakur Chief Editor athakur@ces-ltd.com

A new breed of dynamic startups is appearing on the scene to tweak the EV game.”

• July-September 2019 9

ENERGY STORAGE SPECIAL

Energy Storage Around the Globe

10 July-September 2019 •

The following pages reflect Energy Storage development from different parts of the world. Representatives of different energy storage groups responded to queries from ETN - for our global issue commemorating the World Energy Storage Day (September 22)- talking about the growth and efforts of the energy sector in their region.

US Energy Storage Association led the creation of industry alliances and over the past decade, various regional and national alliances have followed the footsteps to help expand the market for energy storage technologies around the globe. This is an endeavor to present a world-view of the progress being made in the storage energy sector, and to present the opportunities and prospects of collaboration between countries.

As you can see from the world map showcasing major energy storage projects around the globe; past couple of years have seen energy storage deployments growing in almost every corner of the world, fueled by efforts to remove the policy barriers.

World Energy Storage Day The World Energy Storage Day was introduced in 2017 by the Global Energy Storage Alliance, to highlight the importance of energy storage, its potential, and impact on sustainability of global energy resources.

The choice of date for the WESD came about from an interesting idea. The allpermeating sun has been revered through ages as the creator-sustainer of all life forms. People worshipped the sun during the days of solstice and equinox with special rituals.

Image Courtesy: US Department of Energy, Energy Storage Exchange

Also, a part of this special issue is our section dedicated to the pioneers of energy storage, who have spent years researching and developing technologies that have enhanced quality of life and set the foundation for future innovation. Through this section we also commend the companies that have provided constant support to the innovators, enabling them to pursue their calling.

The autumnal equinox occurs on September 22, when the day and night are of approximately equal duration i.e. the day is balanced. Energy storage plays a huge role in grid balancing, power supply demand management and frequency regulation.

As an acknowledgment of the parallel between the balancing effects of energy storage and the balancing hours of the equinox day, September 22 was chosen as an apt date to mark the World Energy Storage Day.

• July-September 2019 11

China: Driving storage in the right direction The storage energy market in China is developing at a tremendous speed. Electrochemical energy storage surpassed 1GW of capacity by the end of 2018 - a significant milestone. Some of the recent major growth can be attributed to the development of large-scale (around 100MW capacity) grid-side energy storage projects. Gridside energy storage is likely to continue to be a driver for major new growth in the coming years, as grid companies continue to recognize the value of storage in grid support.

Challenges in the energy sector Despite growing capacity, there are still numerous challenges. Energy storage in China is only just beginning to commercialize and many projects are still in the demonstration phase. In many ways, the industry is having difficulty keeping up with the pace of its own development. A lack of a mature ancillary services market has limited growth for frequency regulation, while energy storage system safety concerns have highlighted the need for standardization.

However, the power industry is actively seeking reforms, with experimental spot markets and ancillary services market trials ongoing in provinces across the country. More efforts are also being made in system standardization, with organizations including China Energy Storage Alliance working to develop industry standards to make systems safer and more reliable.

Development in the next 5 -10 years With continued policy advancements, energy sector reforms and projects continuing to scale up, growth is expected to continue steadily throughout 2019 and beyond. CNESA has currently predicted over 19,000MW of electrochemical energy storage capacity by the end of 2023.

We expect to see China move 12 July-September 2019 •

further away from demonstration projects as market reforms allow for greater commercialization. Continuing development of energy storage system standards will also help ensure that market players are reliable and build consumer confidence in the industry.

Lithium-ion batteries are currently the dominant electrochemical storage technology and are likely to remain so for the foreseeable future. China is also working on 20 solar thermal energy storage demonstration projects which are expected to reach 0.62GW of operational capacity by 2019, and 1.369GW by the end of 2020.

Adoption and commercialization of energy storage Pumped hydro dominates total energy storage capacity in China at 95.5 percent, while electrochemical energy storage makes up the second highest at 3.8 percent of total capacity. Total electrochemical energy storage capacity is dominated by lithium-ion batteries. Aside from the above-mentioned grid-side energy storage applications, other

leading sectors include industrial and commercial (I&C) behindthe-meter energy storage and frequency regulation applications.

Energy storage deployment varies greatly by province. For example, I&C behind-the-meter deployments have been high in Jiangsu province where manufacturing is a major industry.

CNESA works closely with the National Energy Administration and other government regulators to ensure that policies are developed that will encourage energy storage commercialization. It listens closely to member feedback and communicates their needs to the government and grid. It is also dedicated to educating industry stakeholders and the public through platforms such as market research and the annual Energy Storage International Conference & Expo.

Government initiatives and policy update The national government’s Ministry of Science & Technology has helped to provide funding for new research projects.

China’s ‘863 Program’, which

funds research in advanced technologies, has included energy storage among its projects, which included flywheels, flow batteries, advanced battery chemistries, and many other technologies.

The Guiding Opinions on Promoting Energy Storage Technology and Industry Development, released October 2017, was the first national-level policy on energy storage in China. Since its release, we have seen increased support for energy storage across regional and provincial governments. An addendum to the policy was recently released laying out action plans for 2019-20 and increasing the scope of the original policy. Power market reforms and spot market trials are taking place throughout many provinces that hope to allow greater flexibility for storage to enter the market. Other regional policies have worked to encourage self-generation and use of power, simplify the grid connection process for energy storage, and improve the management of frequency regulation, among others.

Alliance’s role in policy decisions CNESA played a key role in the development of the Guiding Opinions, working closely with central government agencies such as the National Energy Administration to provide research and recommendations on policy goals. The alliance maintains close contact with government energy regulators at the national and local

levels, advocating the use of energy storage, communicating industry needs and providing research that helps to drive the development of policies in support of energy storage.

Planned or ongoing projects Two major projects completed in 2018 were in Jiangsu and Henan provinces. The Jiangsu project totalled 100MW/202MWh, while the project in Henan totalled 100.8MW/100.8MWh. Both projects were grid-side applications spread across multiple regions of each province and used to increase grid stability in their respective regions. These two projects were some of the most significant of the last year, as they signify the start of a new grid-side energy storage market in China.

Other large-scale grid-side projects are in progress throughout the country.

Promoting clean and green energy CNESA hosts educational salons and forums throughout the year that help educate on a variety of topics in energy storage.

The research team tracks energy storage market growth through the Global Energy Storage Database and publishes reports on trends in the energy storage market. The alliance works closely with the Chinese government to promote policies and actions that will help energy storage grow in a positive direction. We also work closely with financial agencies

involved in energy storage to help worthy projects get funding for development.

Opportunities for foreign collaborations CNESA is the voice of China’s energy storage industry.

It is open to giving membership to energy storage industry members from all countries. It keeps close contact with other global energy storage associations and facilitates connections between members and association partners when needed. The biggest event of the year, the Energy Storage International Conference & Expo, provides a platform for domestic and international companies to connect. Each year delegations of Chinese companies take part in international conferences and visit energy storage projects in other countries.

Views on Indian energy business and areas of interest CNESA members are always looking for opportunities to work with international companies. The alliance would be happy to help facilitate connections between its members who are interested in partnering with Indian energy storage companies.

The China Energy Storage Alliance CNESA is a grade 5A China Social Organization and China’s first non-profit organization dedicated to the international energy storage industry. It is committed to the healthy development of the energy storage industry through positive influence of government policy and promotion of energy storage applications.

CNESA’s membership body includes 250 exceptional domestic and international organizations involved in all aspects of the energy storage industry, from technology manufacturers, new energy corporations, relevant research bodies, institutes of higher learning, and more.

Inputs by George Dudley International Engagements Manager The China Energy Storage Alliance

• July-September 2019 13

Africa: Promoting access to energy Energy transitions are underway in many emerging countries with a significant increase in the use of wind and solar power. To integrate these variable renewable resources into grids at the scale necessary to mitigate climate change, energy storage will be key.

The requirements of developing countries’ grids are not yet fully considered in the current energy storage market – even though these countries may have the largest potential for battery deployment.

In Sub-Saharan Africa, it is estimated that 600 million will remain without access in 2030 at current rates of deployment. While finance for energy access start-ups and SMEs increased from $180 million in 2015 to $427 million in 2018, and the increase in off-grid support and financing initiatives show positive market developments, more access finance is still needed to achieve clean and affordable energy access for all by 2030.

Energy access: challenges and drivers The Alliance for Rural Electrification in developing and emerging countries is a globally active body that is trying to solve the issue of more than 1 billion people lacking access to energy.

The main challenges are: • Lack of off-grid market information, data and transparency • Unsupportive or non-existing policy frameworks • Lack of interaction between market players inside and outside of local market • Lack of debt finance (both in terms of volume and design) • Lack of capacity among market players (local associations, project developers and entrepreneurs) The main market drivers for growth are: • Active: falling technology costs (e.g. PV panels, storage), development of sustainable business models and increased maturity of the sector.

• Potential: adequate regulations, de-risking schemes from 14 July-September 2019 •

public sector (e.g. to cover CAPEX of projects), increased access to commercial capital from the private sector.

Adoption & commercialization of energy storage The current battery market is driven by the electric vehicle industry and most mainstream technologies cannot provide long duration storage or withstand harsh climatic conditions and low operation and maintenance capacity.

However, there is a clear need to catalyze a new market for batteries and other energy storage solutions that are suitable for electricity grids for a variety of grid and off-grid applications and deployable on a large scale.

ARE supports its members with business services, policy and advocacy as well as ad-hoc individual support services such as access to help with finance and training. It is also a founding member of the Global Energy Storage Alliance (GESA) and a member

of the Energy Storage Partnership (ESP) of the World Bank, which focus on the commercialization of new storage technologies in emerging markets.

Policy update in the energy sector As a result of global efforts, investments in energy access have increased significantly. This is partially a result of more clear rural electrification plans in a number of countries (like Nigeria).

ARE has been the custodian of the Energy Access Work Stream of the Africa-EU Energy Partnership, which promotes policy dialogue focused on renewable energy and energy access. It has also played an important role in advising on suitable policies to increase private sector investments for SDG 7.

In other markets such as the Philippines and Togo, ARE has partnered with Authorities (e.g. DOE Philippines) to come up with suggestions for policy changes, which could increase investments in renewable energies and energy storage for the same.

Planned or ongoing projects ARE member countries focus mainly on the implementation energy access projects, such as minigrids. According to ESMAP, 47 million people worldwide are connected to 19,000 minigrids, mostly hydro and diesel-pow-

ered, at an investment cost of $28 billion globally.

Selected ARE Partnerships Service Line 1 Market Intelligence & Business Services

Service Line 2 Policy & Advocacy

Since its inception in 2006, ARE has taken efforts in mobilizing, linking and coordinating private sector activities with international cooperation and development support programs.

This is a result of its strong commitment to SEforALL objectives and on the know-how of its members; 96 percent of whom are active in Africa, 74 percent in Asia, and 51 percent in Latin America and the Caribbean.

ARE-EU Delegation: Atelier Off-Grid B2B Togo (2019)

ARE-AEEP: Improving policy frameworks to achieve clean energy access in Africa (2013 - 2018)

Opportunities for foreign collaborations

on expansion of centralized grid infrastructure has brought electricity to more than 25 million households since 2017 – a huge leap forward in the universal mission to provide energy to access to all.

Yet, connections in many rural areas continue to struggle with poor quality of electricity services and many hours of brownouts. According to a recent study on ‘Customer Behavior and Demand for Rural Electrification in India’ by the Smart Power Initiative of the Rockefeller Foundation: almost 40 percent off-grid electricity users do not express satisfaction with gridelectricity services. The report draws upon results from more than 10,000 surveyed households in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Odisha, and Rajasthan.

The same report shows a wide gap in the reliability of grid connections to rural microenterprises with only 65 percent

Promoting clean and green energy

ARE is a bridge between foreign firms and investors as well as other stakeholders, enabling matchmaking in the offgrid renewable energy sector via: - B2B and B2F Events (e.g.

Zambia Off-Grid Investor Forum and ARE Energy Access Investment Forums) + Philippines B2B - Off-grid matchmaking platform (to showcase the work of ARE members and increase partnerships in the sector) - Ad-hoc online matchmaking between members

Views on Indian energy business and areas of interest The energy landscape in India is rapidly transforming.

The Saubhagya scheme of the government of India, focusing

ARE-IDB: Innovative business models for clean energy access in Latin America & the Caribbean (2017-2018) ARE-RECP: Strengthening business ties and investments in African renewables (2016-2018) ARE-OFID: De-risking hybrid minigrid deployment (2014-2018)

ARE-ASEP: Promoting minigrids in the Philippines (2018)

–

–

of 2,000 rural enterprises surveyed reporting gridconnections. In the most remote areas of India productive loads to power the rural economy are hence the exception, not the rule.

Thanks to their proven ability to provide power at high quality in a cost-efficient way, decentralized renewable energy solutions (DRE), such as clean energy minigrids provide a reliable solution to the above challenges in the short term.

ARE members are interested to partner up with Indian companies. Main area for cooperation is technology transfer, project finance and project partnerships.

Alliance for Rural Electrification Established in 2006, ARE is a global business association that represents the whole decentralized renewable energy sector for rural electrification in developing and emerging countries. It has 130+ members and promotes a sustainable renewable energy industry for the 21st century, activating markets for affordable energy services, and creating local jobs and inclusive economies in emerging countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia-Pacific and Latin America & the Caribbean.

Inputs by Jens Jaeger, Policy & Business Development Manager (Asia) Alliance for Rural Electrification

• July-September 2019 15

USA: Leading energy storage development In the US the energy storage applications and deployments can be categorized as either behind-the-meter or in-front-of-the-meter. Until 2017, the ESS deployment was predominantly for grid applications such as frequency regulation. However, in 2018, over 50 percent of installations were BTM. With the growing popularity of solar + storage systems, it is anticipated that in coming years BTM installations will continue to grow rapidly. At the same time, for grid applications storage is seen as an alternative for peaker plants and with continued cost reductions, it is expected that within the next 5 years, storage could also become a viable alternative for new intermediate duty power plants.

Challenges and drivers in the energy sector According to the Energy Storage Association, by the end of 2018, the US had a total of 1187MW installed energy storage capacity. In 2019, US expects to add 478 MW of energy storage systems to reach a total of 1,665 MW by year end. This capacity consists predominantly of electric battery storage systems.

Most of the growth has been in the front-of the meter (FTM) and behind-the-meter (BTM) locations at the commercial and industrial (C&I) customers driven by state regulatory initiatives such as: • New York, New Jersey and Massachusetts set worldleading energy storage targets of 3GW, 2GW, and 1GW respectively.

• California, New York and Massachusetts approved over $1.2 billion in incentives for customer-located and community-size storage projects. California PUC canceled or delayed four new gas peaking plants, redirecting bids toward energy storage and associated renewable or efficiency replacement resources.

16 July-September 2019 •

•

•

•

•

Massachusetts passed legislation to create a first-ofa-kind Clean Peak Standard that would require energy storage to manage peak needs and expand the state energy storage target. Massachusetts established capacity rights for behind-the-meter storage, enabling owners to bid into the forward capacity market.

Hawaii PUC and Hawaiian Electric initiate landmark solicitation for grid services from customer-sited aggregated storage and other resources.

Nevada commissions a study which concludes a 1 GW storage deployment target is cost-effective.

Colorado and Arizona pass new regulations reforming utility planning to include storage

Many of the above mentioned regulatory and legislative developments are often supported by the regional storage associations or industry members, often with the help of ESA. ESA is the energy storage industry’s advocacy organization that works closely with regulators at the

federal and state levels to open fair, competitive markets for the widespread adoption of energy storage. It ensures regulatory policies reflect the value provided by energy storage and remove barriers to its integration.

Development in the next 5 -10 years From 2020 through 2024, the US is expected to deploy more than 15GW of energy storage capacity. This may not be all that difficult as many of the states such as California, New York and Texas have several thousand megawatts of energy storage in in the interconnection queue to supply energy, capacity or ancillary services to the grid. As of end April 2019, in California alone there were more than

40GW of storage interconnection applications that included 16GW of standalone energy storage systems and 25GW of energy storage combined with utilityscale solar systems.

Energy storage application Energy storage in the US has now been deployed in many applications serving utilities or their customers. The application(s) that dominate or are preferred in a region are defined by the region’s fuel make-up for generators, load profiles, environmental concerns, and public policy priorities (e.g. savings, reduced carbon emissions or saving water) and the economics of alternative capacity and energy sources.

Consequently, Hawaii has storage applications that are driven by the need to integrate solar and wind. Many BTM installations, like in North Eastern states in the US, are driven by need for resilience from severe weather conditions and the need to integrate solar.

Commercialization of energy storage Established in 1990, ESA’s role in commercializing energy storage has changed over time as the industry developed. In its infancy the organization consisted of technology developers representing national laboratories, university researchers, electric utility RD&D consortiums, with the main and possibly only contributor being the US Department of Energy. In 1990s, the government and industry focus was more on technology development for products such as batteries, flywheels, and thermal storage.

Consequently, the early ESA Board of Director focused on the US Congress for legislative support and funds for the US Department of Energy to continue and expand the support for technology development and demonstrations. These efforts

resulted in the energy storage industry getting funds allocated to the US DOE and national laboratories through the DOE. The enhanced funds enabled the national laboratories to broaden assistance to the industry for technology development, technology assessment, integration, supporting auxiliary technologies such as power electronics and finally, in 2008, a scale up of projects to utility scale projects.

Commercialization strategy for a technology involves calibrating it to the commercialization priorities of the state, status of the underlying technology development, near term market opportunities, resource availability and readiness and engagement of partners to push the technology and industry further.

As the technology risk reduces and private sector funds become available, the industry association’s efforts shift more towards the non-technical but equally critical facets of commercialization such as creating a conducive regulatory framework, removing regulatory barriers and permitting barriers, raising the industry awareness and promoting its positive public benefits. In past the 10 years, ESA has been involved at the Federal Energy Regulatory Commissions and state Public Utility Commissions that oversees the operations of transmission systems and wholesale level electric services.

Government’s energy initiatives The services offered by the energy storage industry and possible market opportunities, are affected by multiple regulatory jurisdictions as the US electric industry is subject to federal, state and sometimes local jurisdiction in case of a municipal utility. So, national organizations such as ESA focus on the national level issues influencing market development.

Some states on the other hand,

have regional organizations such as California Energy Storage Alliance and the New York Battery and Energy Storage Technology consortium trying to influence the regional market opportunities. ESA works very closely with CESA and NYBEST and other state organizations, they share information and are often speakers at each other’s events.

As the energy storage applications have grown, the storage industry is increasingly engaging with Federal Energy Regulatory Commission to influence rules that enhance market creation, affect remunerations for wholesale servicer or counter rules that inhibit market growth. Often ESA petitions FERC against rules that may have emanated from a regional transmission operator or from other government agencies. Or it monitors the regional transmission operators’ compliance with FERC rules that create market opportunities for energy storage.

In the early years there was competition from other technologies to get funds for RD&D in energy storage from the US DOE and state RD&D organizations. By 2009, focus had mostly moved past product development and were entering scaling of proven technologies for multi-million-dollar utility scale project demonstrations.

Such requests were well received by staff at federal and state RD&D, who on their own had developed RD&D roadmaps with industry input to establish such funds.

Policy updates in the ES sector The market rules in the US did change overnight. It has taken over 12 years for US federal and state governments to acknowledge the importance of energy storage and enact the rules that encourage energy storage or do not discriminate • July-September 2019 17

against it. The changes started with opening up of ancillary services to non-generation resources in 2008 and later on creation of a separate pay for performance regulations that fueled the initial deployment of advanced energy storage technologies in US. Following are recent regulatory changes that have taken place: • Senate leadership supports, and Democratic leadership prioritizes an energy storage Federal Investment Tax Credit for standalone energy storage; a broad coalition of 17 trade groups sign on • The Advancing Grid Storage Act, LIFT Act and Rebuilding Resilient Energy Systems Act were introduced to advance storage in energy, infrastructure, and resilience, respectively, with bipartisan support. Storage is the focus of seven bills overall and is included in proposed omnibus of energy legislation. Appropriations for federal investment in battery storage R&D increased from $41 million to $46 million • 2018 Farm Bill amendments passed, allowing energy storage in USDA energy programs

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The House of Representatives Energy & Commerce Committee held a committee hearing on energy storage with ESA member companies as witnesses The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission unanimously issues the landmark, bipartisan FERC Order 841 directing regional grid operators to establish rules that open capacity, energy, and ancillary services markets to energy storage. ESA continues advocacy on several RTO compliance plans to ensure comprehensive market access for storage and new remunerated services.

FERC Order 845 is finalized, facilitating storage retrofits to existing generators and tailored interconnection requests.

National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissions (NARUC) passes a resolution calling for inclusion of energy storage and modeling flexibility needs in utility long-term resource planning.

National Fire Protection Association’s NFPA 855 draft sets new unified national fire and safety standard for energy storage that avoid some onerous compliance burdens on industry.

Planned or ongoing projects Notable 2018 project milestones in USA: • 176MW and 36MW installed in California and Hawaii respectively • Biggest project contracted in 2018: 300MW/1200MWh Vistra Moss Landing Energy Storage plant, for PG&E in California • New use of residential storage for grid services at Green Mountain Power in Vermont and Liberty Utilities in New Hampshire • 545MW of microgrids installed, led by the Southeastern US in deployments • Hurricane disaster recovery efforts spur solar+storage microgrid resilience projects in Puerto Rico and other areas of the U.S. • Unprecedented billiondollar California wildfires pushed new central station and customer-sited storage responses, driving new microgrid resilience planning.

The Energy Storage Association, USA ESA is the national trade association dedicated to energy storage, working toward a more resilient, efficient, sustainable and affordable electricity grid – as is uniquely enabled by energy storage. With more than 180 members, ESA represents a diverse group of companies, including independent power producers, electric utilities, energy service companies, financiers, insurers, law firms, installers, manufacturers, component suppliers and integrators involved in deploying energy storage systems around the globe.

ESA’s mission is to accelerate the widespread use of competitive and reliable energy storage systems in North America. To achieve this mission, it intends to educate stakeholders, advocate for public policies, accelerate market growth, and deliver direct member value.

18 July-September 2019 •

Inputs by Pramod Kulkarni Senior Advisor Customized Energy Solutions, USA

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Australia: Increasing energy efficiencies The Energy Sector in Australia is quickly transitioning to higher renewable energy penetrations, supported by significant growth in utility and residential energy storage. This growth has been driven by the rising cost of electricity from traditional thermal generation, as well as the scheduled retirement of a number of coal power plants over the next decade as the facilities reach their scheduled ‘end of life’.

Challenges in the energy sector The main challenges faced by the industry are the lack of policy certainty at a federal level, the need for additional transmission infrastructure to enable further renewable generation growth in areas with high wind or solar resources, and the lack of updated energy market rules to appropriately compensate the various capabilities of energy storage.

Development in the next 5-10 years In the next 5-10 years, we expect renewable generation growth to continue, with significant growth in utility and residential installations of energy storage technologies.

Market rule changes are underway, with the ‘5-Minute Settlement Rule’ scheduled to go into effect in 2021. This will enable smaller generators 20 July-September 2019 •

and commercial companies to actively participate in the electricity market, increasing competition from generation sources and enabling more positive financial returns from energy storage assets connected to the grid. The Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO) is currently conducting a VPP trial to test how Distributed Energy Resources may be integrated into the National Electricity Market, which may have significant implications for the future. Support is also being provided at both State and Federal levels for several other projects and technologies, including pumped hydro, compressed air, and hydrogen, to determine how they might play an increasing role in the Australian energy market.

Adoption and commercialization of energy storage Progress with the adoption of energy storage in Australia has been varied, dependent largely on funding and incentive

programs from the Australian Renewable Energy Agency and state governments, however the first unsubsidized utility scale energy storage installation was completed in 2019. Areas with higher penetrations of renewable energy generation have seen significantly higher growth in the adoption of energy storage technology when compared with areas with significant coal or gas generation.

The adoption of energy storage has been primarily at the utility and residential levels, as well as for the off-grid commercial sector.

Policy update in the energy sector The Australian Energy Market Commission has changed the settlement period for the electricity spot price from 30 minutes to five minutes, starting in 2021. Five-minute settlement provides a better price signal for investment in fast response technologies, such as batteries. Other energy market rule changes are underway or

being investigated to remove investment barriers and improve compensation rules for new technologies.

for more traditional thermal generation through energy storage applications such as spinning reserve.

Planned or ongoing projects

Opportunities for foreign collaborations

A number of utility-scale energy storage installations have been installed in the past two years, with more contracted or under construction. Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) have been the preferred technology for these largescale installations, however alternative technologies such as compressed air energy storage and pumped hydro have been contracted as well. Many world leading projects are being developed in Western Australia in the off-grid microgrid sector in Australia.

Our association holds a number of events throughout the year to provide networking and business development opportunities for members as well as for foreign firms and investors. The main annual event is the Australian Energy Storage Conference and Exhibition, which provides foreign firms the opportunity to directly connect with suppliers, developers, and large-scale end customers in Australia. The first India Pavilion to assist in promoting trade between the two countries was featured in 2019.

Alongside the annual event, the AESA also hosts a networking event exclusively for foreign firms and investors, to provide information on the Australian market and what government resources are available to assist them with market entry.

Promoting clean and green energy AESA supports and promotes the uptake of clean, safe, and affordable energy storage technologies, but does not directly promote green energy.

Energy storage is inherently complementary to variable renewable energy generation and increased affordability of energy storage and energy management systems will benefit the renewable energy sector as a result, however it also supports increased efficiencies

Views on Indian energy business and areas of interest

potential for partnerships between Australian and Indian companies. While Australia is an emerging manufacturer of Energy Storage technologies, some of Australia’s domestic firms are pursuing business opportunities in India, such as Ecoult Energy Storage Solutions. There are also a number of industry leading energy management software companies in Australia that are very interested in the Indian market. Australia has been home to a number of world-leading installations of energy storage, and the expertise of Australian companies in designing and installing clean energy and energy storage technologies could be of use to India in its clean energy transition.

With the majority of battery storage systems being imported, there is significant future potential for Australia to be a major purchaser of Indian manufactured energy storage and clean energy products.

Australia is also a major supplier of lithium, which will be increasingly used by Indian manufacturers.

As the fastest growing trading partner with Australia, and one that is quickly growing its clean energy sector, there is certainly

Australian Energy Storage Alliance AESA is an independent advocate and information hub, whose mission is to advance the role of clean, safe, and reliable energy storage solutions in Australia and Oceania. Its goal is to be an effective vehicle for its members interested or active in the energy storage sector by enabling; networking and information sharing; promotion of member activities, successes, and events; sharing innovative ideas and case studies; showcasing new economic models incorporating energy storage; and collecting relevant feedback from members to pass onto government and relevant organisations.

Inputs by Sam Staples Market Development Manager Australian Energy Storage Alliance

• July-September 2019 21

Ireland: Renewables growth to drive storage Ireland has the potential to become a world leader in operating a renewables-based island electricity system. Renewable electricity is seen as having a central role in decarbonizing energy in Ireland, replacing fossil fuels in heating and transport. When backed by batteries it can provide essential system stability. Without energy storage, Ireland will not be able to meet its challenging renewable energy targets of 70 percent by 2030. To facilitate this growth substantial new infrastructure will have to be put in place with increased development in offshore wind.

Challenges in the energy sector The growth of renewable electricity is expected to continue with further increases in wind generation and also in the development of solar generation.

In 2018, 32 percent of electricity came from renewable sources and the 2020 target is 40 percent.

The target for 2030 has been set at 70 percent in the Irish government’s Climate Action Plan.

The objective of this recently published Climate Action Plan is to enable Ireland meet its EU targets to reduce its carbon emissions by 30 percent between 2021 and 2030 and lay the foundations for achieving net zero carbon emissions by 2050. This is an ambitious target to meet. The Plan sets out 180 actions that need to be taken and extends to all sectors of the economy.

Energy storage challenges The energy storage business in Ireland is in its infancy. It needs the same kind of financial support which renewable generation has had in order to grow. This is particularly the case for long term investment projects such as pumped hydro and compressed air which are not adequately supported by the current electricity market. At a high level the main barriers for energy storage are: 22 July-September 2019 •

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Lack of understanding of the role of energy storage in the decarbonizing of electricity and consequently the lack of clear policies and rules for storage.

Lack of market mechanisms for some applications of energy storage and also the lack of long-term market signals (although a small volume of six-year contracts are available for fast acting/rapid response energy storage)

Development in the next 5-10 years Additional wind and solar generation will have to be built to meet the higher renewable generation target for 2030. This can only be accommodated onto the grid if there is a corresponding increase in fast-acting energy storage in the form of batteries, and/or flywheels and/or supercapacitors to provide system services to the system operator for system stability and security.

Additionally, pumped hydro and compressed air energy storage will be required for supply/ demand balancing.

By 2030 the plan identifies the potential for 3.5 GW of offshore renewable energy; 1.5GW of gridscale solar; and up to 8.2 GW or more on-shore wind with 15 percent of demand being met by corporate PPAs.

Adoption and commercialization of energy storage The Irish Energy Storage Alliance, although relatively new, is actively talking to and lobbying key influencers in the electricity sector including the Regulatory Authority, the government’s Department of Energy, the network authorities and large consumers.

There have been different REFIT (renewable feed-in tariff) regimes in place for almost 20 years, whereby wind farms and some other renewable projects have been awarded 15-year contracts guaranteeing a minimum price for every MWh exported onto the grid. Also, there are a number of R&D projects (including the Rhode Demo storage project), many supported by the Horizon Program which is funded by the European Union.

The government’s recently published Climate Action Plan3 has been a real shot in the arm for the renewable electricity sector, particularly in terms of increasing the target for overall percentage of electricity consumed.

In addition, there are ambitious targets to increase the number of EVs (away from petrol and diesel) and also an increase in the use of heat pumps instead of oil-fired and gas-fired space heating.

Also, there is now support for encouraging new build in fastacting energy storage is an auction for 100MW of six-year contracts being offered by EirGrid (the system operator) under their DS3 program. The other route to market is an ongoing tariff ar-

rangement, but the tariff rates could fall so there is less certainty of revenue compared to the sixyear contract. The six-year contract is sufficient to make battery projects viable, but is too short for capital intensive technologies such as hydro pumped storage or compressed air energy storage.

Association’s role in policy decisions The Irish ESA’s role has been in raising the level of understanding and awareness regarding the importance of energy storage and the central role storage has to play in enabling Ireland to achieve its 2030 renewable electricity targets.

Over the past five years, the system operator has slowly increased the instantaneous penetration of intermittent renewables (mainly wind) to 65 percent by increasing the provision of additional ‘system services’ to provide the necessary system stability. Using the current targets, the SO needs to increase the instantaneous percentage of nonsynchronous (renewable) generation to 75 percent to meet the renewable electricity target of 40 percent (average over the year).

However, the SO would need to increase it to 90 percent to meet the new renewable electricity target of 70 percent. The IESA is working with the government’s Sub-Committee on Climate Action in developing new energy policies including storage. The Sub-Committee’s recent Report4 states that energy storage ‘is not something which the Committee discussed in any detail and should be a priority subject

of further consideration by the Standing Committee on Climate Action’. Regulatory policies in Ireland are developed through a consultative process with the industry, and IESA has responded to various consultation documents as part of this process.

Planned or ongoing projects Storage projects in Ireland and Britain are at different stages of progress from preplanning stage right through to fully operational stage, although the vast majority is currently at the very early stage of development. There is no defined REFIT as yet for EV in Ireland, despite there being approximately 4,000MW of EV at the pre-planning and planning stages. The government is currently giving this matter serious consideration but has made no decision as yet.

Promoting clean and green energy Because storage is very new, and its important role is not understood, IESA has started from a very low base. This was confirmed by a government subcommittee on energy and climate action earlier this year. Hence, there is an important role to play in the education and raising awareness of the three key roles for storage in Ireland namely: - Providing system services to the SO to enable large-scale intermittent renewable generation to be accommodated on the grid - Supporting the supply/demand imbalance arising from wind and solar

- Enabling investment deferral on the distribution and transmission networks

Views on Indian energy business and areas of interest India is still undergoing huge industrial and commercial development with energy demand expected to grow substantially in the coming years.

This does not make for good news for the environment or Climate Action if most of this additional energy requirement is provided through the burning of coal.

However, we understand that India will and must continue to grow and develop. We see that it would be grossly unfair for developed economies to expect India to leave its huge deposits of coal in the ground and progress solely on renewable energy supplies, and bear the costs of this alone. For this reason, the developed economies are being urged to support India in its efforts to ‘go green’ and to shoulder a portion of that cost. Only in this way can we expect India to fully come on board with migrating from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources. We have no members as yet, that we know who would be interested in investing in energy projects in India.

The Irish Energy Storage Alliance Irish ESA serves as an advisory in Ireland on transition to a lowcarbon economy and on the opportunities to increase the country’s energy independence. IESA sets future targets to harness Ireland’s great abundance of renewable energy sources, including wind, solar, wave, tidal and biomass. The country is already successfully harnessing some of the available wind energy on the island; currently there is more than 4,500 MW of installed capacity.

Inputs by Peter Duffy President Irish Energy Storage Alliance

• July-September 2019 23

Japan: Toward energy self-sufficiency Lacking in fossil fuels, Japan has worked on improving energy efficiency and has achieved top-class results on a worldwide scale. The Act on the Rational Use of Energy was revised in June 2018, adapting to the changing times and will be used to achieve further improvements in energy efficiency. Aiming to increase the energy self-sufficiency ratio and create a composition of power sources that is resistant to changes in international oil prices, the government of Japan is working to stabilize electricity rates by promoting competition between business operators. It is doing this through full liberalization of the electricity retail market that was started in FY 2016, by restarting nuclear power generation with safety as the top priority, and by lowering the cost of renewable energy.

Challenges in the energy sector According to the International Energy Agency long-term forecast, energy demand in emerging nations will continue to grow for some time, and oil prices are expected to exceed $100 per barrel in 2030 - 2040.

24 July-September 2019 •

As of 2017, the percentage of electrical power generated by renewable energy in Japan is 16.0 percent (8.1 percent if hydroelectric power is excluded). This is low compared to other major countries, and further expansion is needed.

Low energy self-sufficiency ratio, lack of natural resources, reliance on imports for nearly 100 percent of its mineral resources demands, and low percentage of electrical power generated by renewable energy, are some of the challenges faced

by Japan.

wind, largescale biomass) - For local symbiosis renewable energy (geothermal, small/medium scale hydro, local biomass) 2. Strengthen business discipline through reinforcement of responsibility system towards long term stable power supply 3. Improve renewable energy business environment by supporting maximum renewable energy introduction

Development in the next 5-10 years

Adoption and commercialization of energy storage

1. Promote development of power sources using renewable energy by providing incentives according to individual power supply characteristics - For renewable energy with rapid cost reduction (solar,

The Japanese New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization has been implementing two demonstration projects, utilizing large-scale battery systems in Germany and in the U.S. In Niedersachsen, Germany,

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continually ascertaining and analyzing the movement of social and market trends. It works to discover promising technologies in energy, environmental technology, and industrial technology both within Japan and abroad. It also works to narrow down the technological development Japan should undertake, formulate technology strategies, and plan projects based on them. It aims to incorporate multifaceted analysis in strategy formulation, and uses technology development projects to accelerate economic growth. In its technology development management, NEDO formulates project plans and establishes project implementation frameworks by combining the capabilities of industry, academia, and government, including public solicitations of project participants. NEDO carries out research and development projects and set targets based on changes in social conditions in order to realize maximum results.

expanding the scope of auction newly installed hybrid battery - Sharing of advanced cases system of LIB (7.5MW/2.5MWh) such as ordinance enactment with a high power charge among local governments and discharge output and the Formulating rules concerning long duration capacity of NAS the use of general sea area (4 MW/20 MWh) cooperates using the Sea Utilization Law with Grid Control System to for Renewable Energy; toward supply Primary control reserve the expansion of offshore wind (PCR), Secondary control reserve power. - Formulating rules for (SCR), Balancing and Reactive long-term occupancy of sea Power in the real electricity area together with competitive trading market. tender. - Further utilization of In demonstration is also the ‘unused capacity’ of existing the multiple-use of Redox flow grids - Mechanism to promote battery system (2MW/8MWh) thorough reduction of NW that has no restrictions on the costs. Study for improvements depth and number of charge MHFW RYHUYLHZ Planned or ongoing of system environment toward cycles in the US for transmission

projects the transition to the nextin the wholesale 0: 0:K power market HGR[ IORZ EDWWHU\ V\VWHP generation NW of California Independent In Panipat - Haryana, India, RRSHUDWLRQ EHWZHHQ 1('2 &DOLIRUQLD *RYHUQRU V 2IILFH RI %XVLQHVV DQG (FRQRPLF 'HYHORSPHQW *2 %L] System Operator (CAISO) and demonstration project to XPLWRPR (OHFWULF DQG 6'* ( NEDO’s role in policy distribution grid at the San introduce Japanese smart grid decisions Diego Gas & Electric (SDG&E) technology to India has been OV Miguel substation. completed. This is one of 14 smart NEDO’s Technology Strategy 'HPRQVWUDWH WKH PXOWLSOH XVH RI VWRUDJH EDWWHU\ V\VWHP IRU WUDQVPLVVLRQ &$,62 0DUNHW DQG GLVWULEXWLRQ JULG The aim of these grid pilot projects implemented Center takes the lead in t the San Diego Gas & Electric (SDG&E)’s Miguel substation demonstration projects is to evaluate the economic performance of these systems as well as the feasibility of the technology.

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Policy update in the energy sector Main initiatives taken so far: - Coping with not-commissioned projects: solar power projects that have not reached the operation preparation stage by a certain time are to be awarded reduced prices. In addition, measures to secure early operation start. Moving forward price targets and

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• July-September 2019 25

by the Indian Ministry of Power.

In addition to technology introduction, it contains human resource development.

With the introduction of SCADA (Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition) system, the construction of multidivided and multi-connected distribution network, and reduction of transformer failure rate, a significant reduction in power outage time has been achieved.

Two systems' smart meters (RF-Mesh and TWACS, 11,000 units in total) were installed in the city. The potential of various power loss reductions was verified, along with the difference in the success rate of collecting power consumption data. In Neemrana, India, a demonstration project about a microgrid system using PV power generation has been done.

Promoting clean and green energy In the field of storage batteries, NEDO is carrying out R&D on all-solid lithiumion batteries and other types of innovative batteries. For

widespread use of renewable energy, storage batteries, EVs, and other distributed energy resources, we are aiming to construct an advanced system that can control the electric power supply and demand balance by utilizing resources not just on the supply side but also at demand side entities.

With the aim of ensuring that renewables will be a sustainable power source, NEDO is working to reduce the cost of the following: power generation using PV, wind, ocean, and geothermal energy; use of biomass energy; and technology related to using renewable thermal energy.

NEDO is also working toward innovative energy conservation technologies, unutilized thermal energy, high-efficiency thermal power generation, carbon capture, effective use and sequestration, and environmentally-friendly steel production processes.

Opportunities for foreign collaborations NEDO has promoting demonstration

been actively international projects in

Asian countries, the US and Europe. This is the basic framework for a model project.

NEDO and the host country conclude an MOU for the project. Actual work is carried out by a Japanese company with appropriate technology that is entrusted by NEDO. The government of the host country has the responsibility to provide necessary instruction and guidance to the implementation site firms to implement the project.

Views on Indian energy business and areas of interest With the goal of building footholds for Japanese business to progress in India, the representative office in New Delhi is promoting joint Japanese-Indian demonstration projects aimed at introducing Japanese technologies in the vast market.

NEDO has conducted over 20 projects in the fields of energy such as RE, energy storage, EV, energy conservation, thermal power generation and grid stabilization, since early 2000.

New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization NEDO is a Japanese public research and development management organization under the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. It aims to address energy and global environmental problems and raise the level of industrial technology through integrated management of technological development. This ranges from the discovery of technology seeds to the promotion of mid to long-term projects and support for practical application.

In its technology development management, NEDO formulates project plans and establishes project implementation frameworks by combining the capabilities of industry, academia, and government, including public solicitations of project participants. NEDO carries out research and development projects and sets targets based on changes in social conditions in order to realize maximum results. NEDO branch in India was established in 2008.

26 July-September 2019 •

Inputs by Takamasa Murakami Country Head NEDO India

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India: Positive steps toward ES adoption The government of India has come up with an ambitious plan to deliver 175 GW of renewables by 2022, committing to generate 40 percent power from clean energy sources by 2032. Power for all by creating an efficient, resilient and financially sustainable power sector has become the centre of all economic development and environment. With the recent focus on electric mobility, India has come to depend more on battery and energy storage technologies.

H

igh deployment of renewable energy and its use requires technical as well as commercial solutions and a variety of policy decisions around minimizing the impact of intermittency and enabling grid integration of renewable energy.

The falling costs and rising efficiencies of the

Source: IESA

28 July-September 2019 •

supporting technologies, such as energy storage, are already making the generation of renewable power compete with conventional thermal power.

Such technological advancement and cost reduction in both renewable energy and energy storage options will facilitate the exploitation of abundant renewable resources.

Indian energy storage market In 2018, India’s total energy storage market from stationary applications was around 24 GWh. During 201926, the cumulative potential of energy storage is estimated to be between 270 to 365 GWh on a business-as-usual and best case scenario respectively.

Several policies supporting the growth of energy storage in grid-scale application are in the draft or proposal stage, and likely to get approved in the short term and expected to drive the market. Demand for energy storage in behindthe-meter (BTM) applications will account for 70 percent of the cumulative market during 2018-26. Inverters and telecom towers have a major share of the BTM market. SLDCs/RLDCs or Discoms would need to be mandated / incentivized to procure a minimum percentage of their reserves needed for frequency regulation through electric storage.

2018-19

witnessed several renewable plus storage projects being floated by NTPC, SECI, state utilities/agencies such as AP Transco, Himachal Renewables Ltd for peak management, DSM settlement, energy shifting, and voltage support. Large ESS tenders such as the 3.2 GWh AP Transco and 3.6GWh SECI project announcements indicate the positive growth of the market during the forecast period.

Besides, Central Electricity Authority (CEA) advocates storage systems for the capacity to accommodate 2.5 percent of RE generated in a day in all projects to curtail 1 percent of RE generation so as to maintain a minimum thermal load (MTL) on thermal power plants.

Grid scale ESS market insights IESA’s recently created India Energy Storage Market Overview report does a deep-dive into grid-scale Energy Storage Systems (ESS) applications such as solar and wind Integration, ancillary services, transmission deferral and in the distribution grid, covering market potential, key market players, the policy landscape and possible business models. ESS for gridscale RE integration is likely

to be between 26-66 GWh potential during 2018-26. Strong uncertainties loop around the growth of ESS in this sector.

Presently, the forecasting, scheduling and DSM are the only drivers for wind integration application. However, for the best case scenario the strong policies are expected to be implemented, which explains the reasons for the wide forecasted range of market potential. Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) plans to introduce market mechanism for ancillary services market. IESA suggestion to the Commission was to introduce ESS for secondary and fast tertiary regulation ancillary services as it provides faster response and more regulation per MW. In 2019, the first grid-scale ESS project was completed by Tata Power Delhi Distribution Ltd at Rohini Substation in New Delhi for 10 MW for application such as peak load management, frequency regulation and Energy shifting.

Several such sites were identified by the company for the installation of ESS around the city. Distribution deferral becomes a key application for ESS in metros where grid expansion becomes difficult.

BTM ESS market insights The overall projection of ESS in India for behind the meter sector is 22 GWh during the period 2018-26 on the base case scenario. The increasing grid availability will reduce the market growth for traditional inverter-backup markets however the capacity installed will continue to rise owing to increase per capita energy consumption, and growing demand from the rural and sub-urban commercial and residential sector. The inverter battery market was the largest contributor towards the BTM market installations in 2018, and continues to be so till 2026.

Telecom sector contributed nearly 24 percent towards the BTM market in 2018. The sector has a significant penetration of Li-ion batteries due to its adoption by one of the fastest growing players (Reliance Jio) in their telecom towers. Rooftop PV policy subsidies, dropping battery prices and increasing electricity tariffs, energy storage with rooftop solar is expected to pick up in the short term. The rural electrification sector majorly constitutes the solar home lighting systems under Saubhagya scheme,

Cumulative Total Energy Storage Market Potential, India, 2018-26

Source: IESA

• July-September 2019 29

solar street lights under AJAY scheme, and microgrids.

2018 market was driven by Saubhagya SHLS deployment; however, the sector looks grim due to lack of policies existing in the market to drive it beyond 2020.

ES projects Presently, India has already installed 14 MWh of large-scale storage for grid and renewable integration though pilot and demonstration projects at different locations. Apart from these commissioned projects, 50 MWh of energy storage projects in India are on the verge of tender allocation or at construction stage.

Islands like Andaman & Nicobar and Lakshadweep are seeing a large number of tender announcement on energy storage by difference agencies like SECI, REIL, NTPC and others.

Another large tender by a transmission utility has called for 400MW for 3-8 hrs of storage for RE integration which would also create a 1.2 to 3.2 GWh RfP for storage.

SECI also announced RfS for 1.2GW solar combined with 3,600MWh of energy storage.

Detailed tender document yet to be released. CEA and CERC have already recommended inclusion of energy storage with solar and wind hybrids, so we also anticipate that in addition to the 3.6 GWh storage project, other hybrid tenders will also have an opportunity for storage technologies to be included.

This is the big and longawaited step and we can see that in the 2019- Q1 the government's focus on the sector, after some unfortunate cancellations of tenders for over 100 MWh in 2017-18. IESA had strongly protested the cancellations and delays in implementation of the storage projects, and is hopeful, that this time the government will prioritize these 30 July-September 2019 •

projects and see them through to implementation. We are also seeing strong leadership from private commercial and industrial consumer to develop storage projects for behind the meter applications. IESA organizes regional E$$MEET (Energy Storage Solutions Meet) across different commercial and industrial hubs to create private projects.

Tata Power, AES Corporation and Mitsubishi Corporation also inaugurated India's first grid-scale battery-based 10MW energy storage system at Tata Power Delhi Distribution's Rohini Substation, to provide better peak load management, system flexibility and reliability to more than 2 million consumers. The system, owned

by AES and Mitsubishi, will pave the path for wider adoption of grid-scale energy storage technology across India.

Fluence, a market-leading supplier of energy storage technology jointly owned by Siemens and AES, supplied its state-of-the-art Advancion Technology for the project.

Battery-based energy storage enables electricity to be stored and then delivered within milliseconds, reducing instability of the electric grid and enabling more energy to be captured and delivered on demand.

Source: TATA Power

Other utilities like BSES Rajdhani - Yamuna, Adani electricity, CESC-Kolkata are also planning to install energy storage systems at substation and distribution level in the electricity grid in India.

Making India a global manufacturing hub The opportunities are there both for the stationary energy storage to help improve power quality and reliability as well as to help integrate renewable energy sources. Also, it is expected that in the next 3-5 years, Indian’s EV market will also witness exponential growth. Currently, a number of companies are importing Li-ion batteries from China, Korea, Japan and USA, but there is a growing realization that this is an area where India has an opportunity to also build a strong domestic manufacturing ecosystem.

India is expected to attract investment in 2 to 4 gigafactories for advanced Li-ion batteries, attracting over $3 billion in investments in the next 3 years. Already, over 1GWh of annual assembling capacity is being set up for converting imported Li-ion cells into battery modules by various Indian and global companies in India.

This includes IESA member companies like EXICOM, ACME,

Coslight, Okaya, Future Hitech Battery, Euclion Energy, Green Fuel Energy, Vision Mechatronics and others. Opportunities include manufacturing, assembling, equipment and raw materials supply, R&D of technology enhancement and much more.

In this regard, many Indian companies are eying India’s storage market while a few Indian companies are also diversifying their existing business into energy storage space, looking at potential India has to create a 10-15GWh capacity by 2022.

And as this happens, ancillary development including module development, containers, transformers, inverters could need an equal amount of investment, taking the total potential to $6 billion.

India is also focusing on domestic manufacturing of all types of energy storage technologies including advanced lead acid, thermal storage and ultra-capacitors apart from Li-ion batteries.

Ministry of Science and Technology is also keen to accelerate domestic R&D

Source: ETN

capabilities to support this growing industry through Mission Innovation.

India’s energy storage market is currently dominated by lead acid batteries with annual sales of over $6 Billion.

Various Indian companies have already entered the cell to pack assembling. But there is a huge opportunity in India for Li-ion cell manufacturing inside the country. Recently Raasi Group has taken the Li-Ion cell license from Central Electro Chemical Research Institute (CECRI) to manufacture Li-ion battery in India. Similarly, last year Maruti Suzuki India Ltd (MSIL) in collaboration with Toshiba and Denso also announced setting up of Li-ion battery production facility purely dedicated to automobiles. The plant is expected to be up and running by 2020 – and will be constructed in a supplier park close to the carmaker’s production facility in Hansalpur, Gujarat.

Last year more than 137 companies showed interest to license Indian Space Research

Organization’s (ISRO’s) Li-ion technology to manufacture batteries in India. More than 110 new start-ups and large companies attended the prebid conference at Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) at Kerala and ISRO have finalised 10 companies to license its technology for Li-Ion Cell manufacturing including IESA member companies like EXICOM and others. Munoth Industries Ltd has also announced an investment of `799 crore to set up Li-ion cell production project in Andhra Pradesh, which will allow the smartphone industry to build its own battery components instead of importing. Exide Industries Ltd, an Indian lead acid storage battery manufacturer, and Leclanche, a global energy storage solutions provider, has formed a joint venture to build Li-ion batteries and provide energy storage systems for India’s electric vehicle (EV) market and gridbased applications. The JV will focus on e-transport, stationary energy storage systems, and specialty storage markets. New companies like Bharat Energy Storage Technology (BEST) also announced setting up thermal storage manufacturing plant in Andhra Pradesh in next two years. Apart from these announcements, various Indian conglomerates are now evaluating the advanced energy storage business to enter as manufacturer, component supplier or assembler. State governments like Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Kerala, Karnataka and Telangana are providing ample opportunities and incentives with a suitable policy framework to industries to set up their energy storage manufacturing plants in their states.

The government is also taking active steps for bilateral agreements with lithium and cobalt rich nations like Bolivia, • July-September 2019 31

Chile, Argentina, Congo, Canada and Australia. Recently, India and Bolivia signed an MoU for the development and industrial use of lithium for the production of lithium-ion batteries

Battery storage for EVs India has a significant market potential for EVs. Although we are still in the infancy of adoption of EVs, with the changes in the technology landscape as well as the clear vision set by the Indian government, IESA estimates that over 7 crore EVs could be sold in India till 2030.This transition of the transportation sector from petroleum based internal combustion engines (ICEs) to EVs, would create a market of 750 GWh of advanced energy storage solutions over the next decade.

State Governments like Karnataka, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, and Maharashtra have made a promising move by announcing their own policies to promote the development of electric mobility infrastructure and providing incentives for manufacturing of EVs and energy storage.

Although currently, consumers have very limited choices on EVs in India, Indian automobile sector leaders have already showcased their upcoming EVs which can hit the roads very soon.

With the objective of activating the early adoption of EVs in

India the goods and services tax (GST) Council has set a tax rate of 12 percent for electric vehicles, compared with 28 percent plus cess for petrol and diesel cars and hybrid vehicles. NITI Aayog has already recommended certain fiscal incentives to EV manufacturers, however, the major challenge lies in creating a robust infrastructure for charging facilities along with reducing the cost to make the solutions economically viable for the end users. With EVs gaining momentum in the last few years, both Indian as well as international investors, have shown interest in capacity building for the segment thus presenting an opportunity for Indian manufacturers to enter the segment and undertake research & development in the category.

Government initiatives like recently launched National Mission for Transformative Mobility with Phased Manufacturing Program (PMP), and FAME -2 (Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles) incentives by ministry of Heavy Industries with a budget of `10,000 crore; will encourage adoption of EV in India. Fame22 scheme is proposed to be implemented over a period of 3 years, w.e.f 1st April 2019. The scheme is proposed to be implemented through following verticals: a) Demand Incentives, b) Establishment of a network of charging stations, c) Administration of the scheme including Publicity, IEC (Information, Education and Commu-

nication) activities. The scheme will be applicable mainly to vehicles used for public transport or those registered for commercial purposes in 3W, 4W and bus segments. However, privately owned registered 2Ws will also be covered under the scheme.

Conclusion Advanced energy storage technologies can play an important role in renewable integration, energy access, electric mobility and the smart cities initiatives of the Indian government. We are at a critical stage for building a manufacturing ecosystem for advanced energy storage technologies in India. Around the globe, over 200 GWh of advanced energy storage manufacturing capacity is already built and another 200 GWh of new capacity will be built within the next three to five years. IESA is very closely working with Both state and central government bodies like NITI Aayog, MNRE, MoP, DST, MEITY, DIPP, DHI and other intergovernmental departments.

With appropriate government support, industry participation, India will be one of the top markets for energy storage adoption and manufacturing.

India Energy Storage Alliance (IESA) IESA was launched in 2012 by Customized Energy Solutions to accelerate adoption of Energy Storage, Microgrid & EV Technologies in India, through an active dialogue amongst the various stakeholders. IESA aims to make India a global hub for research and manufacturing of advanced energy storage & EV technologies by 2022. In the past 6 years IESA membership has grown from 5 to 75+ and covers diverse verticals from energy storage & Power electronics manufacturers, renewable energy companies, EV manufacturers and research institutes & universities.

32 July-September 2019 •

Inputs by Debi Prasad Dash Executive Director IESA

ENERGY STORAGE

Storage - key to dependable power source The world is fast realizing the importance of ES in the energy mix, and the transition has already begun. In India, the process has created a buzz that has made the industry stakeholders sit up and take stock of the opportunities not just for deployment but also for manufacturing.

NISHTHA GUPTA-VAGHELA CONSULTING EDITOR ETN

E

nergy transition is happening in many countries with considerable focus on renewable energy sources like the sun and wind; with China, US and India taking the lead in terms of adoption and deployment.

Global warming caused by emission of greenhouse gases, leading to unpredictable climatic conditions, has now become a global concern with many countries seeking sustainable and greener solutions. Making use of renewable energy resources by integrating them into various grid and off-grid applications, at the scale necessary to overcome climate change, cannot be effectively achieved without energy storage.

The energy landscape in India is rapidly transforming and the country probably has the most potential for storage deployment.

Energy storage technologies can provide various services to the modern grid like peak load management, grid balancing, renewable energy integration and optimizing T&D investments.

Varied ES technology The energy storage technologies cater to a range of systems to fulfill varied energy needs. The storage systems can be classified as mechanical storage like pumped hydro storage, flywheels, compressed air and electrochemical storage such as lead acid, advanced lead acid, lithium ion chemistries, sodium-based batteries, nickelbased batteries and flow batteries.

Notable point about energy storage is that it is resource neutral - it allows efficient use of electricity, regardless of the power source. Energy storage technologies can capture the energy from any source and make it available when it is needed most, providing flexible and dependable power to the users.

Of all the storage systems,

batteries are currently the most popular and in-demand storage systems. This is largely because of the expanding electric vehicle industry; as more advancements are being made with EVs, demand for BSSs is also on the rise.

While there is a growing deployment of grid-scale energy storage around the globe, it is anticipated that in the long run, the battery market will be driven by the EV industry.

EVs can become one of the fastest growing loads for electric grids around the world; they also can support grid balancing needs through smart charging and vehicle-to-grid technologies.

It is also anticipated that 2nd life batteries can provide a bridge between the energy storage utilization for EVs and applications for the grid beyond the useful life in EVs. For EVs, lighter and compact batteries are desired as they can enhance the driving range and also impact the cost of the EVs. There is a growing need to develop battery storage technologies that can cater to a range of applications; and that are cheaper, long-lasting and can work across wider operating temperatures.

Importance of ESS Energy storage can play an important role in balancing power supply and demand in an electricity grid, helping to create a more flexible and reliable grid system. When the supply is more than demand, the excess • July-September 2019 33

electricity powers the storage devices; when demand is higher these devices can discharge energy to the grid. This can help grid operators and utilities to optimize investments in building the transmission and distribution network.

Without storage technologies, grids are sized for meeting the peak demand on the grid or to evacuate the peak generation capacity from renewable generation parks.

Whether one wants to increase the renewable energy share, reduce CO2 emissions or improve power quality and reliability, the role of ESS cannot be overlooked anymore. It won’t be wrong to assume that when storage fully arrives, it will transform the way we plan the design and deployment of electric grids around the globe.

ESS also can be used to ensure reliable services for consumers during power crises due to natural calamities or manmade disasters such as cyber-attacks or acts of terrorism targeted at critical infrastructure.

For example, in parts of California regularly affected by wildfires, solar storage systems are now being installed as part of the critical infrastructure to tide over power outages. By managing peak load on the T&D equipment, it can also possibly prevent fires originating due to electrical faults.

ESS can help bring down electricity costs by fulfilling peak demand by using energy stored during off-peak hours and provide grid flexibility for mitigating the ‘California Duck’ load shape arising from growing solar deployment. In fact, growing number of utilities and regulators in California and around the globe are looking at ESS as an effective alternative to peaker plants.

In India, where last mile connectivity to the grid is still a work-in-progress, ESSs can play a vital role allowing remote rural areas to become self-reliant with solar-powered and grid connected 34 July-September 2019 •

Types of ESS Thermal Storage: is used to store the energy in form of hot or cold and using it either for process applications such as HVAC or converting it back in to electricity.

Gravity Storage: is a way to store electrical energy as potential energy and converting back to electricity. The most common form is Pumped Hydro Storage, but recently many new forms of gravity storage using same principal are being developed.

Electrochemical storage: This is the fastest growing form of energy storage where electrical energy is converted to chemical energy and reused back when necessary. It has large-scale energy storage potential, including lead-acid, nickel-based batteries, Li-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, metal air and flow batteries.

Mechanical storage: Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) is a form of bulk mechanical storage which uses excess electricity to store compressed air and coverts it back into electricity for use during need of the grid. Flywheels store electrical energy in the form of a spinning mass and convert it back into electricity by utilizing this kinetic energy.

Hydrogen: can be used as a zero-carbon fuel for generation of power, and the excess electricity stored as hydrogen can be used later in fuel cells, engines, or gas turbines to generate electricity.

Electrical storage: Ultra Capacitors and Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) are examples of electrical energy storage where energy is stored in form of electrical potential and reused.

microgrids providing access to 24*7 energy, supporting economic development in the region.

Similar to the growth of solar technologies, energy storage technologies will become more viable with fast growing deployments and manufacturing scale-up, spurring the industry to expand and mature.

Energy storage provides rapid response for improving the grid flexibility and reliability – most storage technologies can begin discharging power to the grid very quickly (in seconds), while fossil fuel sources tend to take longer (few minutes) due to inertia. Growing number of utilities are also considering integrating energy storage with thermal plants to address the growing ramping requirements placed on these plants and also to address the minimum generation thresholds imposed during the times of low loads or high RE generation.

Protecting the stability of the power grid is important and

energy storage, both batterypowered and thermal, will play a vital role in improving and expanding its capability.

ES in EVs According to a study by scientists on the significance of EVs in reducing greenhouse gases, it was deduced that EVs emit 30-80 percent less greenhouse gases compared with ICE vehicles. Hence, arose the need to promote the EV market; this has resulted in the introduction of new policies that have also parallelly provided a fillip to the storage market.

The India EV growth while showing tremendous potential will also have to overcome hurdles in the form of component costs, limited driving range, slow development of charging infrastructure and long charging times. Simultaneously, challenges in the EV ESS like safety, cost and overall management will also have to be considered for faster progression of the sector.

Battery Market for Electric Vehicles, (2018-25)

set up Li-ion assembling units.

Once indigenous manufacturing, egged by the ‘Make-In-India’ drive, picks up; there would be no stopping Indian entrepreneurs from setting up manufacturing for storage batteries.

Cumulative Battery Demand, India (2018-25) 40 35

Battery demand (GWh)

30

Total Battery Demand: 120 GWh

25

Battery storage snags

20 15 10 5 0

2018

2019

2020

E2W

2021

E3W

2022

E4W

2023

2024

2025

Buses

Graph Courtesy: IESA

ES in RE integration Traditionally, most utility grids make use of fossil-fuel burning plants to generate power to take care of peak-loads.

As awareness of power plants contributing to the already high pollution levels is growing, a conscious effort is being made to shift energy generation and consumption to less polluting forms of energy.

Presently, renewable forms of energy like solar and wind are gaining significance as alternative power solutions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

However, wind and solar energy are intermittent sources, we are all aware of conditions when ‘the sun does not shine and the wind does not blow’ – in the night, in cloudy weather or when the wind drops suddenly. The grid is unable to adequately compensate the loss of generation and becomes unstable.

This situation can be resolved by demand response, which means balancing the sudden supply and demand by turning the power on or off in localized bursts. This flexibility can be effectively achieved by using energy storage.

ES to drive RE transition As the percentage of renewable energy generation

increases, deployment of ESS as a key component will become inevitable. India is in an ideal position to capitalize on its tropical location and weather conditions that are conducive for renewable energy generation.

Speaking at the global climate summit in Paris, Prime Minister Narendra Modi had referred to the tropical countries (that lie between the tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn) as SuryaPutras or ‘Sunshine Countries’, inviting them to make collaborative efforts to harness solar energy and improve their renewable energy quotient.

Spearheading the effort, India initiated the formation of the International Solar Alliance to drive demand, bring costs down and boost energy security, especially in the developing nations.

The government is putting its might behind bringing a shift in the energy equation from exhaustible to renewable.

To make this drive sustainable, storage technology cannot be left out. Most of the batteries currently consumed in India come from China, Korea, US, Japan and Europe. New technology batteries are not yet made in India. While Li-ion cell manufacturing has to take off here, a few have

At present, the promising EV industry is driving the demand for battery storage the world over.

In India, the cost of the battery has become a discerning factor, since it is not yet manufactured indigenously in a big way. So, while there has been a dip in prices, manufacturing batteries on a large scale economically is one of the bigger challenges, as high material costs and advanced production processes add to the cost of the battery; which in turn adds to the cost of the EV. The cost-effectiveness of public charging infrastructure also plays an important role in the market penetration of EVs, setting off the ‘what comes first’ deliberation. High capital costs and reduced profitability result in increased cost of the vehicle, affecting its adoption rate. So, while there seems to be a buzz about ‘demand’ for BSSs, EVs and charging stations; they are all interdependent for growth of their individual industries and also a collective e-mobility.

As new energy storage technologies are researched and tested, they are bound to face hurdles that might slow their commercialization. Energy storage can prove expensive, especially without policies that place a financial value on the benefits of storage.

Transitioning from one system to another is seldom a smooth process. While the teething problems will affect consumption, the players have to refrain from the proverbial ‘biting off more than can be chewed’. If it is taking time, it should. After all, it is going to define a whole new way of living: cleaner, greener, sustainable and secure.

• July-September 2019 35

BATTERY STORAGE PIONEERS

John B. Goodenough

J

ohn Bannister Goodenough is an American scientist and professor of material science and mechanical engineering at the University of Texas at Austin. He also serves as the Virginia H. Cockrell Centennial Chair in Engineering at the university.

A world-renowned physicist, Goodenough is credited for the discovery of rechargeable lithium-ion battery that continues to power wide-ranging consumer electronics from cell-phones, laptops, wireless devices to hybrid and electric vehicles. He is also known for formulating the GoodenoughKanamori rule which helped lay the foundation of a set of rules used for determining the signs of super-exchange in solid materials.

He began his academic career at MIT's Lincoln Library, it was here he began

JOHN BANNISTER GOODENOUGH

36 July-September 2019 •

the development of randomaccess memory (RAM) a digital computer technology which continues to be in use even today.

Soon thereafter, he joined the University of Oxford in England as a professor and head of the Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, it was here that he forayed into battery research. During his time in England, Goodenough made the discovery of lithiumion battery – an invention that heralded electronic revolution around the world.

After a decade-long career at the University of Oxford, professor Goodenough returned to the United States and joined the University of Texas at Austin, where he continues to teach in the Department of Mechanical Engineering and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering.

Though in his 90s, prof. Goodenough’s work in

the field of solid-state material science is far from done. If the discovery of lithium-ion based battery helped reduce reliance on cables, professor Goodenough’s efforts are now focused on developing new materials and technology that’ll reduce society’s reliance on fossil fuels.

In 2017, professor Goodenough lead a team of engineers to develop the ‘glass battery’, the first all-solidstate battery cells which would enable safer, faster-charging, and long battery life for batteries used in mobile phones, energy storage and electric cars.

The glass battery was invented by professor Goodenough with senior research fellow Maria H. Braga of the Cockrell School of Engineering at the University of Texas.

During his 70-year-long illustrious career, Goodenough served society with his breakthrough discoveries and won several distinctions for his contribution.

In 2009, Goodenough was a corecipient of the Enrico Fermi Award – one of the oldest and prestigious presidential award, given by the U.S. government.

The following year, he was elected as a Foreign Member of the Royal Society and in 2013, he won the National Medal of Science. In 2017, he was awarded the Welch Award in Chemistry and this year, he was presented the Copley Medal of the Royal Society. Professor Goodenough was listed along with Stanley Whittingham on a list of Clarivate Citation Laureates for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2015 by Thomson Reuters, but it was in 2019 he finally received the Nobel Laureate award. He is the oldest recipient at age of 98. He shares the Nobel with S. Whittingham and Akira Yoshino.

M. Stanley Whittingham

M

ichael Stanley Whittingham is an English chemist and a leading researcher who is credited for the discovery of lithium-ion batteries. Whittingham along with John Goodenough are known to be two pioneers of lithium-ion batteries. Whittingham was the first researcher to show the world how reactive metal lithium could be used to store energy at room temperature without explosion and professor Goodenough built on the original design and developed the basis of modern lithium-ion batteries.

He currently serves as a distinguished professor of Chemistry, Material Science and Engineering at the Binghamton University, the state university of New York.

He also serves as a professor and director of NorthEast Center for Chemical Energy Storage (NECCES), SUNY Stony Brook and director of Materials Science and Engineering Program at the university.

MICHAEL STANLEY WHITTINGHAM

During the 1970s there was interest in studying high-temperature batteries, so Whittingham started looking into mixed conductors and studying its materials during his time at Stanford University, California. Soon thereafter, he joined ExxonMobil (then Esso) where he was hired by the company as a part of its initiative to expand the reach of energy companies. It was at Exxon’s battery technology lab, Whittingham created the rechargeable lithiumion powered battery.

The high-energy lithium-ion technology today powers most consumer electrics from cellphone, laptops, to electric vehicles and it also helps in storage of renewable energy such as wind and solar power.

In 1988, after working over a decade in the industry Whittingham switched to academia at Binghamton University. At Binghamton, he initially worked on high-temperature superconduc-

tors, and eventually got back into the battery business.

In June 2014, the NECCES Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC) at Binghamton directed by Whittingham was awarded $ 12.8 million, a four-year grant by the Department of Energy (DOE) with the view to fast-track scientific inventions that’ll help build a 21stcentury energy economy. Last year, DOE’s EFRC program gave additional 3 million to NECCES for continuing critical research for two more years. Whittingham has led the charge of NECCES team since 2014 and continues to work with other scientist and engineers to develop new, improved and affordable energy storage materials which will have greater storage capability.

Apart from being a pioneer in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, he has more than 15 patents and is one of the most highly cited researchers. His research interest and expertise include solidstate chemistry, preparation and chemical and physical properties of novel inorganic oxide materials, development of new materials for advancing energy storage, and improving storage ability of electrochemical devices.

On account of his work in the field of electrochemistry, Whittingham has received several distinctions and awards, such as the National Alliance for Advanced Transportation Batteries (NAATBatt) Lifetime Achievement Award (2015) for dedicated research on lithium-ion batteries.

The same year, Thomson Reuters listed Whittingham and professor Goodenough on the list of Clarivate Citation Laureates for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their pioneering work of developing lithium-ion battery. He is the joint recipient of Nobel Prize in chemistry for 2019 (along with J. Goodenough and Akira Yoshino) for his contributions for development of Li-ion batteries.

• July-September 2019 37

Akira Yoshino

A

kira Yoshino is a Japanese chemist and an engineer, a fellow at the Asahi Kasei Corp, and a distinguished professor of science and technology at Meijo University, Japan.

Yoshino’s curiosity in the properties of new materials, electroconductive polymers led to the development of the first safe and commercially viable lithium-ion batteries that went on sale in 1991.

Yoshino’s contributions are often reckoned with the work of John B. Goodenough and Stanley Whittingham who have dedicatedly worked on refining lithiumion battery technology. It is the research efforts of these three chemists that have led to the evolution of lightweight, rechargeable batteries. These evolved batteries today power not only a variety of portable consumer electronics but also the vital energy storage sector, which over time will help the world move to a fossil-free future.

AKIRA YOSHINO

38 July-September 2019 •

Prior to the invention of the modern Li-ion batteries, most of the electronics worked on ‘mains electricity or batteries’ that released energy contained in their chemical bonds through non-reversible reactions. That is why users had to discard the batteries when the energy stored in their materials would get exhausted. This created a problem for manufacturers of consumer electronics products such as mobiles, cameras, and portable computers, as they required compact, lightweight, rechargeable batteries with a good storage capacity. Yoshino’s work helped solve this problem.

He developed a new type of battery that had a polyacetylene anode and a lithium cobalt oxide cathode, and this new battery was more stable than other rechargeable batteries available then. The new batteries were safer too, as Yoshino added a fine polyethylene-based porous casing which served as a sepa-

rator between materials. In this way, the first Li-ion battery was produced in 1983 and Yoshino continued to improvise on it. In 1985, he replaced material used for one electrode with a more effective ‘carbon-containing substitute’, which allowed the battery to sustain several charging and discharging cycles. His other significant attempt at refinement included creating an ‘aluminum and copper foil connector and an organic solvent electrolyte’ to increase the voltage from 1.5 to more than 4 volts that would enhance battery performance and give it a higher storage capacity.

Yoshino completed his bachelor’s and master’s degree in engineering from the Dept. of Petrochemistry, Kyoto University and in 2005, he obtained his doctorate degree in engineering from Osaka University. He has 56 Japanese patents and 6 overseas patents to his credit.

He continues to work as an honorary fellow at the Asahi Kasei – the company where he initially pioneered the use of carbonrich anode materials and heatsensitive membrane.

Yoshino has won several awards both in Japan and internationally for his distinguished contributions. In 1991, he won the ‘Chemical Technology Prize’ from the Chemical Society of Japan and ‘Battery Division Technology Award’ from the Electrochemical Society for his pioneering work Li-ion battery technology. In 2004, he won ‘Medal with Purple Ribbon’ from the government of Japan. He also won the ‘Global Energy Prize’ in 2013. He won the ‘Japan Prize’ in 2018 and in June this year, the ‘European Inventor Award’. He is the joint recipient of Nobel Prize in chemistry for 2019 (along with J. Goodenough and S Whittingham) for his contributions for development of Li-ion batteries.

Jean-Marie Tarascon

J

ean-Marie Tarascon is a world-renowned battery researcher, credited with the development of thin and flexible plastic lithium-ion batteries that helped replace liquid electrolyte with a leakproof, polymer substitute.

A specialist of solid-state chemistry, Tarascon began his career at Cornell University in the 1980s and later joined Bell Labs and Bellcore until 1994. Soon thereafter, Tarascon joined as a professor at the Laboratoire de Réactivité et Chimie des Solides (LRCS UMR CNRS 7314) in Amiens.

Tarascon currently serves as a Professor and 'Chair de Chimie du Solide et Energie' at the Collège de France, and director of the French Research Network on Electrochemical Energy Storage (RS2E) – a

JEAN-MARIE TARASCON

collaborative network of academic laboratories, research centers and industry actors working in the field of battery and supercapacitor.

Tarascon’s research primarily focuses on the chemistry of materials required for developing safe and environment-friendly energy storage solutions and conversion. Early in his career, Tarascon examined hightemperature superconducting material with the objective of restraining energy losses.

Later, he worked on electrochemical storage and explored possibilities related to lithium-ion batteries. Through his work, he helped explain the reaction mechanism of lithium, synthesis of new materials from electrodes and electrolytes and creating new configurations for batteries.

In more recent years, as the global focus shifted to sustainable and clean energy, Tarascon’s has directed his efforts towards working on the design of new electrode materials based on chemical elements that are available in abundance, such as sulfate, iron, manganese, and sodium.

In keeping with his commitment to developing an idea into a final product in the least amount of time, Tarascon founded RS2E. Thanks to Tarascon’s efforts, RS2E played a key role in the development of first 18650 sodium-ion battery – which offered the same performance as the first Li-ion cells but at a radically lower cost.

Tarascon continues to study and research on advanced technologies for future batteries.

In a CNRS article Tarascon mentioned, "What I like most is being in my laboratory, conducting experiments with young researchers—hoping to get results, just like a child."

Tarascon has won several awards including the Chevalier de la Légion d’honneur — France’s highest honor in 2009.

In 2011, he won ENI Protection of the Environment Award for his research on the development of 'high-performance low-cost batteries'.

Acknowledging his leading contributions in the field of materials chemistry of energy conversion and storage devices, he was elected as a Foreign Member of the Royal Society of Chemistry in 2014. The following year, he was also awarded the Royal Society of Chemistry’s Centenary Prize.

In 2017, Tarascon was one of the two award winners at the Eric and Sheila Samson Prime Minister’s Prize for Innovation in Alternative Fuels for Transportation.

• July-September 2019 39

Donald R. Sadoway

D

onald Robert Sadoway is a noted expert on grid-level renewable energy storage mechanism and professor of Materials Chemistry in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States.

Sadoway attended the University of Toronto and completed his bachelor’s degree in engineering science in 1972, followed by a master’s degree in chemical metallurgy in 1973. In 1977, he was awarded a doctorate degree and accepted a post-doctoral fellowship at MIT. Since then, he has held several positions at MIT and currently serves as the John F. Elliott Professor of Material Chemistry.

Professor Sadoway has more than a dozen patents and was recognized as the 'Most Influential Person of the Year' in 2012 by TIME magazine

DONALD ROBERT SADOWAY

40 July-September 2019 •

for his path-breaking research in the field of battery science. The broad theme of his work focuses on making more efficient batteries with a concentration on technological challenges such as liquid metal batteries for stationary storage applications, environmentally sound electrochemical extraction of metals, and s o l i d - p o l y m e r- e l e c t r o l y t e batteries for portable power applications. The primary goal of his research is to provide lightweight, inexpensive and energy-dense alternative to fuel cells which will reduce greenhouse gas emissions while improving battery performance and lowering the cost.

His research on future batteries has resulted in the creation of a unique device known as the 'Slimcell' – a sandwich of lithium and special type of Perspex capable of providing twice as much power

per kilogram than the existing Li-ion batteries. Not only can this device store a massive amount of energy per kilogram but is safe, leak-proof and easy to manufacture. In addition to this, the device is bendable and Sadoway hopes it may have applications in cars and consumer electronics such as computers and even medical devices. Sadoway is also the co-founder of Ambri, Inc. – formerly known as the Liquid Metal Battery Corporation – a start-up that focuses on commercializing the liquid metal battery technology for grid-scale energy storage.

He is also the co-founder of Boston Metal a venture that is focused on commercializing molten oxide electrolysis for manufacturing metals. Both these ventures were started at GroupSadoway at MIT – where Sadoway leads thousands of scientists to take forward his research ideas and innovations.

Speaking of an area which is gaining more importance in his research work lately, Sadoway shared he is working on nextgeneration chemistries for both electric vehicles and stationary energy storage system. “For EVs, I am looking at something far cheaper than lithium chemistry.

For stationary, I am looking at the liquid displacement battery, a low-cost liquid metal molten salt chemistry that relies on a so-called displacement reaction. I call it the liquid displacement battery,” Sadoway added.

He believes that liquid metal battery technology is expected to emerge as a gamechanger in the next few years, and as for EV deployment in India and solar generation, he expressed, “In both sectors, the battery is critical to successful deployment and public acceptance.”

Arumugam Manthiram

A

rumugam Manthiram is a leading researcher and the Cockrell Family Regents Chair in Engineering at the University of Texas at Austin.

He also serves as the director of the Texas Materials Institute at the university that manages the Material Science and Engineering Program.

At the Manthiram Lab in UT – Austin, professor Manthiram year-after-year manages a team of graduate students, postdoctoral fellows and visiting scholars and leads innovative material science research to develop new and affordable materials and efficient energy storage technologies. His research interest spans from advanced energy materials, rechargeable batteries, polymers, and nanotechnology to fuel cells, supercapacitors and solidstate chemistry. Manthiram has been awarded 15 patents and his work has been cited more than 50,000 times with an h-index of 116. He also has more than 700

ARUMUGAM MANTHIRAM

published articles to his credit and has given 400 presentations worldwide, of which, 300 plus were invited talks.

One of his ongoing research that has gained increased significance is the low cobalt battery technology. This research is extremely significant for the EV and energy storage industry as cobalt is finite and an expensive component used in Li-ion batteries. In fact, the Li-ion battery cathodes currently in use include more than 40 percent of cobalt.

“The University of Texas at Austin is developing cathodes with a low amount of cobalt (less than 50 grams of cobalt per kWh) as well as cobalt-free cathodes, while increasing the driving range,” Manthiram said.

Other than the research that focuses on reducing reliance on or eliminating cobalt in lithium-ion cells, Manthiram is also working on making battery chemistries based on materials that are abundantly

available and inexpensive such as lithium-sulfur, sodium-sulfur and sodium-ion batteries.

Though Li-ion batteries remain a popular technology in the battery world today, it does have some drawbacks such as battery cost, driving range between charges and battery charging time according to Manthiram. To address some of these challenges he said “the University of Texas is working on new negative electrodes (anode) that can replace the currently used graphite anode and offer longer driving range and fastcharge capability.”

Along with other material scientists and researchers at the university he is currently also working on lowering the “processing cost and increasing the areal charge storage capacity of lithium iron phosphate cathodes” for energy storage systems and potentially for EVs in countries like India.

Commenting on the current e-mobility industry in India, Manthiram expressed that the transportation needs in India are different from those in the western countries. Given that “affordability rather than the driving range is the major issue for deployment of EV in India,” he said. To tackle this, he suggests that EV manufacturers in India should focus on developing battery technologies based on materials that are inexpensive and found in abundance.

“Lithium-ion batteries based on iron phosphate cathodes as well as sodium-ion, lithium-sulfur or sodium-sulfur batteries will be well-suited for the EV market in India,” Manthiram added.

Professor Manthiram believes that if the efforts around the world, including UT-Austin, to tackle the shortcomings of lithium-sulfur batteries becomes successful, lithium-sulfur batteries could be a game-changer by 2025.

• July-September 2019 41

GLOBAL EV INSIGHTS

The China EV Evolution With the nascent e-mobility out to take over the roads, the Chinese EV racetrack makes for an intriguing watch. Debmalya Sen traces the China success story.

DEBMALYA SEN Senior Consultant CES

T

he phrase ‘change is the new normal,’ could be adapted to mean the more receptive you are to change the more sustainable will be your growth.

It is apt for today’s VUCA

(volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous) world and applicable for any product, solution or service; VUCA essentially conveys: ‘Hey, it’s crazy out there!’

The future of automotive is electric; even the toughest of critics have accepted this truth by now. The question therefore arises as to how we can make this change sustainable and of course how ready we are to absorb it. Now it is no more an option, it has to happen and it

China’s EV growth story: annual sales and market share (region-wise)

42 July-September 2019 •

is up to us to prepare ourselves to embrace this change. The impact of the transition from ICE to EV is not restricted to just the automobile industry, but to a much broader ecosystem which includes the power sector, oil industry, manufacturing sector to name a few. Thus, it is imperative to foster this change with a 360-degree approach.

The country which in many ways has been a leader here is China. This is aptly shown by the fact that today 18 percent of global EV sales come from six Chinese cities.

For any new technology to grow, policy support and government push is a must. These enable the promising new entrants in the market to display their actual potential. The Chinese government having understood this, created an enabling ecosystem for the EV market to grow.

China today accounts for more than 40 percent of the global EV market. It alone boasts of 90 percent market share in the ebus segment. To date China has around 42,000 e-buses deployed.

Major cities like Shenzhen have converted 100 percent of existing buses to e-buses.

The Chinese market expanded by 72 percent over the previous years in 2017, establishing China’s leadership position in EV sales. The country now has a larger EV market, primarily BEVs or battery electric vehicles, than Europe and the US combined. With a sales share of around 94 percent, domestic OEMs currently dominate the Chinese EV market. Projections show that China will account for 48 percent of the passenger

EV sales market in 2025, 34 percent in 2030 and 26 percent in 2040.

It should be appreciated here that these figures apply not just to EVs; China has also invested and enabled this change by facilitating growth of the enabling infrastructure for EVs, i.e. charging infrastructure (China has almost 50 percent of the total chargers deployed in the world). It has promoted battery manufacturing and built on its power assets with focus on renewables to make EVs truly green.

The government plays a very big role in this change. The Chinese government has mandated all automobile companies to produce a certain percentage of their vehicles as EV

post 2019. Generous subsidies and tight regulation continue to drive much of the growth.

EVs are exempt from licenseplate lotteries and auctions in some Chinese cities, which still play an instrumental role in promoting EVs. After successful pilot projects in some cities, the Chinese government decided last year to introduce green license plates for new energy vehicles or NEVs across the country. At the end of 2017, the plates were rolled out to all provisional capitals and other selected major cities, with the remaining cities to follow in the first half of 2018. Car owners with these license plates are eligible for preferential treatment.

Furthermore, China’s national and local subsidies for EVs are

China’s EV sales forecast

Eighteen percent share of global EV sales from six Chinese cities (Policy benefits)

among the world’s highest, reducing consumer concerns about the comparatively high up-front cost.

However, to reduce spending on subsidies while still encouraging EV sales, the government recently communicated a change in the incentive policy.

On the one hand, it raised the minimum range to qualify for any incentive to 150 kilometers (up from 100) and the energy density requirement to 105Wh per kg (up from 90). The subsidies for long range BEVs (400 km and more) rose by 14 percent to 50,000RMB (Chinese currency Renminbi), equal to $7,900.

Monitory support for plug-in hybrid vehicles or PHEVs fell by around 8 percent to 22,000RMB ($3,500).

In absolute terms, China’s EV-sales performance is quite remarkable. Yet the adoption rate represents only 2 percent on a national level – a limited number of large cities (such as Beijing, Hangzhou, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Tianjin) account for the majority of EV sales.

Nonetheless, China’s positive market performance helped the country attain a strong, wellbalanced position as per McKinsey’s latest overall EVI report.

It was outperformed by Norway in the EVI market score, but reinforced its leading position ahead of Japan, Germany and the US. However, given today’s EVbattery economics, leadership in EVI scores comes at a price: China and Norway have some of the world’s highest levels of spending on consumer and supply-side subsidies at the taxpayers’ expense. Nevertheless, the story is worth following. The China story aptly displays the benefits of being the early mover and as we read this, China has already announced its vision to have 30 percent of the vehicles as fuel cell EVs by 2030. The FCEV story has just begun!

• July-September 2019 43

LEADERSHIP SPEAK

Lead driving the EV bandwagon The drive to search for the sun to clear the smog has gone global.

Shailesh Chandra, President – Electric Mobility Business & Corporate Strategy, Tata Motors Ltd, speaks to ETN about his company’s commitment to the cause.

What made you enter the EV market?

What triggered the decision - the Indian government’s leaning towards e-mobility or the global trend towards EV adoption?

The issue of climate change and pollution has triggered actions by various governments globally to impose stringent emission norms. Further, mega cities are also introducing pollution taxes. This has driven electrification globally, with countries like China, the US and Norway extending incentives to consumers to adopt EVs. In light of the above trend, Tata Motors has been working on EVs for the past several years.

Nevertheless, we accelerated our efforts and investments in the past two years on the back of clear intent shown by the Indian government in driving electrification in the country.

What is your approach towards supporting the government’s initiatives in making India EVready? How do you plan to go about it (phase-wise / through partnership)?

For India, electric mobility presents a promising way to balance its needs on environmental protection as well as energy security and therefore we are actively participating in the government’s effort to accelerate e-mobility in the country. We have undertaken several initiatives to make EVs mainstream: 44 July-September 2019 •

With regard to the recent tie-up between Tata Power and Tata Motors to set up charging stations in five metro cities:

SHAILESH CHANDRA President - Electric Mobility Business & Corporate Strategy, Tata Motors Ltd

• Develop high quality products that are exciting and accessible for the Indian consumers • Focus on key micro-markets in the country to build an EV ecosystem to overcome the perceived barriers of the consumers towards EVs • Partner with Tata Group companies such as Tata Power, Tata Chemicals, TACO as well as others to bring relevant solutions to the market and drive higher adoption of EVs • Align with the localization PMP (phased manufacturing plan) to develop an indigenous EV supply chain • Educate customers on the benefits of the electric vehicles • Work with government to bring supporting policies

a. What kind of advanced technologies are being deployed in the charging stations?

How will the charging stations be powered?

The chargers will adhere to government-approved standards. Currently, EVs have the Bharat charging standard, and the initial 50 chargers will have the Bharat Standard 15 kW DC specification. Going forward, the charging stations will adhere to a combination of CCS2, Type 2, CHAdeMO and Bharat Standard.

For the consumers, the charging infrastructure will be integrated with a mobile application and will be available to all electric vehicle users.

The charging stations are currently powered from the existing grid electricity. Tata Power plans to integrate the charging stations with solar power in the long term to provide a completely green solution for the EV users. b. Apart from direct charging, would you be also offering battery swapping?

We are working closely with Tata Power to set up standalone charging stations suitable for our EVs. Further we understand that Tata Power is also considering offering battery swapping stations for e-2W and e-3W once some consolidation in the

battery sizes takes place across various makes of e-2W and e-3W.

What will happen to Tata Motors’ ICE ventures if the group switches to EV production and support?

India is a growing economy where the passenger vehicle market is clearly underpenetrated with a statistic as low as 25 per 1000 people. The market thus has enormous growth potential.

The EV market in India is at a very nascent stage and will therefore see exponential growth. However, the market for ICE vehicles is also expected to double by 2030. At present, in India annual car sales are three million and are estimated to increase to 10 million by 2030.

As per the government’s vision, by 2030, 30 percent of the total sales will be EVs. Therefore, the EV market is expected to stand at around three million and the PV market at around six million.

We believe that with the growing industry, both ICE and EVs businesses will grow. Thus, both ICE and EV ventures will

coexist at Tata Motors.

How will you bring momentum into the EV field and break the myth of higher cost for EVs? In our customer interactions, we have found that one of the barriers for adoption of EVs is high initial cost outgo. However, recent announcement such as FAME subsidy, GST reduction, and tax incentives has led to EVs becoming TCO (total cost of ownership) attractive vis-à-vis ICE vehicles in B2B applications.

Thus, we are already seeing an increased adoption of EVs in certain categories such as commercial fleets.

Going forward, due to declining battery prices, localization of EV components and economies of scale driven by growing demand, electric vehicle prices will drop further. At the same time ICE vehicles will continue to witness price inflation due to migration to BSVI and fuel price increase leading to higher TCO. Therefore, the viability gap between EVs and their ICE

counterparts will be further narrowed.

Educating the customer on the benefits will create a demand for EVs and bring momentum.

Where do you see the Tata Group in the next five years as far as India’s EV-mission is concerned?

Tata Motors is playing a lead role in driving the e-mobility space in India. The company will work with other group companies in the Tata ecosystem, leveraging their strength and expertise to help create a viable environment to drive adoption of electric vehicles in India.

Will the Tata Group set up any special plant or factory to design, develop and produce EV charging stations?

Within the Tata group, Tata Power will be working on setting up charging infrastructure for electric vehicles.

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• July-September 2019 45

LEADERSHIP SPEAK

Forerunner of the electric vehicle space Mahindra Electric has been at the forefront of the e-mobility evolution in India. The homegrown electric automaker not only offers the most diversified product line in the EV market today but is also a leader in the 3W and 4W segment in India. Mahesh Babu, CEO of Mahindra Electric, speaks to ETN about the company’s history in the EV space, the status of e-mobility in India, and the ongoing auto slowdown.

What led to your entry into the EV market?

Where did the journey begin?

Mahindra’s EV journey began two decades back with the launch of ‘Bijlee’, an all-electric 3W. Mahindra took a leap of faith in the EV technology long before the world started talking about it.

Bijlee was a passion project for Mahindra and a product ahead of its times. While Bijlee did not see a large-scale commercial production, we did a lot of pilot projects which in turn helped us in leading the EV race in India. We also hear that Bijlee is still plying in Vaishno Devi in Jammu. Mahindra Group has a long engagement with electric vehicles, and we are fully future-ready to provide clean, connected and convenient mobility solutions.

India’s Electric Vehicle policies have been wavering at times. What would be your comment on the current policies?

The recent tax cut along with the strong FAME II policy will see the adaption rate in EV going up drastically with a boost to India’s last and first mile mobility. EVs now make a better proposition for buyers and will help them with more savings 46 July-September 2019 •

operators and gradually in the personal space. While inclusion of private vehicles in FAME II would have helped the overall EV penetration in India, it will still ensure India becomes the manufacturing hub for EVs and we will play a larger role in moving the world to electric.

GoI has signaled a downshift on its EV promotion drive. How much of an impact will it have to revive the auto sector?

MAHESH BABU CEO Mahindra Electric

given low-cost of ownership.

Mahindra was one of the first companies to pass on these benefits to customers across our entire product range.

In FAME II, we see a long stable policy not just to promote EVs but the entire ecosystem.

There is a lot of work that has gone into it and I would also like to thank various state governments for coming out with their own EV policies.

We expect the demand in EVs to be driven by fleet-based

There is no downshift by the Indian government to promote EVs. Central EV policy (FAME II) and finance minister quickly ratifying the GST rate cuts on EVs are clear examples of it. India is a unique market and requires a multi-modal mobility solution and there is place for both EVs and ICE vehicles to grow together.

In the face of job loss due to auto slowdown, is M&M taking up reskilling of its workforce to absorb it in the EV mobility venture?

Mahindra Electric has been expanding like never before. We have announced an investment of INR1000 crore, a new dedicated plant for EVs in Chakan and a global R&D hub for EVs

in Bengaluru. Mahindra is committed to this investment which will result in job creation.

What are your views on the government’s decision of promoting ‘Make in India’?

Under FAME II and Phased Manufacturing Programme, there is a strong focus on making EVs and EV components in India. It is a well-thought policy that will enable India to become a pioneer in EV technology. Mahindra Electric currently locally manufacturers electric motors, powertrains, power electronics, and other EV components. We also assemble our own battery packs.

What is your take on the current state of e-mobility infrastructure in the country and government's role in its promotion? Could anything be done to further speed up deployment?

We are getting there.

Initiatives like FAME II will see a lot of investment in developing charging stations and the overall ecosystems as well. We have seen many state governments proactively coming out with their own EV policies, which not just talk about EVs but focus on a holistic approach towards electrification. Major cities like Bangalore and Delhi are already in the process of setting up hundreds of charging points for EVs. Going forward, we will see charging in itself become a separate business model in the country.

What has been your company’s progress with respect to manufacture of batteries and battery technology, and its applications for your own vehicles as well as for the market?

Currently, Mahindra Electric assembles its own battery

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packs and we have also signed a partnership with LG Chem in the field of advanced Li-ion battery technology.

Under the aegis of this collaboration, LG Chem will develop a unique cell exclusively for India application and will also supply Li-ion cells based on NMC (nickel-manganesecobalt) chemistry with high energy density. These cells will be deployed in the Mahindra and SsangYong range of EVs. LG Chem will also design the Li-ion battery modules for Mahindra Electric, which in turn will create battery packs for the Mahindra Group and other customers.

Has M&M any plans to enter the plug-in hybrids segment?

If there is a demand for plug-in-hybrids, Mahindra will be ready with it. However, we have no immediate plans to launch plug-in hybrids in India.

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EV REVIEW

Zooming Green Akshaye Barbuddhe, Business Head, E-mobility and Infrastructure Delta Electronics and proud owner of Hyundai's KONA Electric, shares his firsthand experience of driving EV on Indian roads with ETN Chief Editor, Ashok Thakur.

How was your experience driving the Hyundai KONA Electric?

The first thing I observed when I drove the KONA Electric was the amazing power delivery – it was unmatched! The interior and exterior of every electric vehicle will come with one or the other differentiator, but the one thing that will stand out is the delivery of power, the way it can take off and the overall driving experience.

I was curious to check first hand whether I could manage a short trip with convenience and conviction. Luckily our factory in Rudrapur gave us a door-to-door 286 km stretch.

So a colleague and I started early morning with an overnight fully-charged car which promised me a range of up to 450 km.

The onward trip was driving as usual - same traffic, terrain and road conditions. I have driven my Pajero several times and there was no difference, rather we saved in terms of the time taken by the vehicle to reach the destination. Nowadays the road conditions are much better, so about six hours is normal.

Did you need to charge the vehicle along the way?

En route we stopped for breakfast for about 45 minutes and took opportunity to plug in the 2.5kW cordset (comes as an

ASHOK THAKUR Chief Editor ETN

48 July-September 2019 •

accessory with EV) to a normal domestic 15A socket. This gave us a charge of about 1.2 kWh an additional range of a good 15-16 km. We reached with no panic whatsoever. The car had good speed, good pick up - overall it was fantastic. We stayed in Rudrapur for a day, where I charged the car with our Delta 7.2 kW charger that is available with the Hyundai KONA Electric.

On our return journey from Rudrapur we experienced a traffic jam near a small town called Bilaspur which lasted for about an hour. Now, a usual traffic jam of one hour is around 12 km, and we sustained that.

Once we came out on to the highway, we took a break at one of the restaurants, charged again for about 45 minutes and continued towards Ghaziabad.

There again we were stuck in traffic but managed to take an alternate route through Noida.

Although it was good 20 km extra, we reached home safely with 26 percent SOC left in the tank and a range of 74 km.

I am yet to install the wall box AC charger at my home, so the next day I came to office and put the KONA to full charge.

From this trip I can confidently draw the conclusion that, yes a one-way drive of around 300 km can very easily be done even when there’s a traffic jam of 10-15 km. The vehicle should take you safely, with no reason to panic. My next target is to take a small trip to Shimla, just to get the feel of the hills, but overall it’s been fantastic. It’s been a very good experience.

AKSHAYE BARBUDDHE Business Head E-mobility and Infrastructure Delta Electronics

The KONA has regenerative braking.

How does it respond to repeated braking in city driving where you are in heavy traffic?

It is efficient but one has to get more practice otherwise as a first cut experience it feels very different. In the KONA there are three levels, so when you are in a comfort drive mode and on a long drive, you can engage level 1. If you release the accelerator the vehicle can travel more on a longer range, but at the same time it regenerates the power too. However, if you are in the city and you get into more de-acceleration, then possibly someone may prefer to engage the level 2. This level helps you to be more restful on the breaks, as it goes into auto breaking which I found helpful as sometimes you need that added rest. In short, you don’t have to make the additional effort to constantly apply the break. I think we need time to transform our habit to that, but it’s really wonderful.

It’s just about getting the practice of it.

When it comes to an EV, the first question anybody asks about is range, and whether it actually delivers as promised by the company. That is something a customer would like to monitor and you have confirmed that it could run the specified distance.I could share my experience with the Hyundai KONA Electric in these three points: 1. I found it quite efficient in the city-drive and on short drives. I also know it can give a higher range because I’ve seen it touch 400 km. I say this because I have taken short journeys of a good 290 km with just one charge and after that the car still showed me a range of 93 km.

So, if you count the 290 km plus 93 km, it touches a 400 km range.

2. On the long-distance drives, I think possibly it decreases, but I have seen it go to 315 km range. So anywhere up to 300 km with maybe an hour of traffic is a manageable range.

3. In the run of 620 km, I pumped in 76 kWh electrical charge. However, I used only 68 kWh which provides proof of the per km operating cost.

Given that you were in the north, temperatures would have been very high and the air-conditioning in use.

How did it affect the acceleration of the KONA Electric?

There was absolutely no impact on the acceleration. This perception must be totally removed - the AC is seamless, the vehicle acceleration is absolutely seamless. If you want to make it cooler by putting it on 18 degrees, it still works effortlessly. As of now, in these 5-6 weeks on the road in the KONA vehicle, I have not observed any drag in speed.

Since there have been complaints about the regular ICE and CNG vehicles, I thought I’d check for a similar impact on the electric vehicle?

I think comparing it with CNG is not a fair comparison.

I feel what makes this EV different is the power delivery, which I think is fantastic.

You are an important stakeholder for charging infrastructure, energy storage and the energy sector: A relevant question here would be to get an idea of the experience when the battery is close to discharge?

I experienced it once when

it went to the red zone with a red-light, but I did not observe anything to worry about. It was for a limited time, but it allowed me to switch on the AC, it allowed me to accelerate the car at the same drive mode, as if I was driving in the comfort drive mode. Nothing got limited, but I did not drive for too long a distance - just a short run to get a feel of it.

There is plenty of talk about developing charging infrastructure across the highways: is there any infrastructure set up on the road you used?

No, there was nothing of that sort. One point to consider is that the particular highway falls under the least priority highway possibly. But of course, everyone is driving to that direction and sooner or later charging infrastructure will happen. But even if I want to make a trip of 1000 km, I think it is still manageable. One has to undertake the journey and plan the kilometers plus the breaks and one can carry a 7.2 kW charger.

Being an expert in the charging space, would you like to comment on the charging of the KONA and any key findings?

No, I think the charging in the KONA Electric is fantastic. To start with, you plug in with the vehicle unlocked and when you

BARBUDDHE WITH HIS HYUNDAI KONA

unplug, you have to unlock the car again. So, it is very safe if you have parked somewhere and have plugged into a charge - there is no way anyone can take it out.

Although the KONA Electric car has a keyless entry, unless and until you unlock with your key it doesn’t allow you to remove the plug, making it very safe. Every use-case is manageable, and anyone can do it. No one needs to get into any kind of special training.

A question regarding the suspension - the battery is placed below the seats on the floor. How is the clearance?

So far, I have come across one speed-breaker somewhere in some sector in Gurgaon which hit me from the bottom, but I think in most cases as per specification there was absolutely no problem, no trouble at all. It was just this one speed breaker which was particularly odd where I got hit once, but otherwise nothing.

You mentioned you were driving a Pajero before: how would you make the comparison between a Pajero and Hyundai KONA Electric?

You know, I think they are very different. There is no comparison.

It would be very unfair - starting from the size, the height - the very fundamentals of both are so dissimilar. And then of course mechanically it is little different and performance-wise too there is dissimilarity. It would not be a fair comparison… So, I’m not capable of it doing it very honestly.

• July-September 2019 49

INSIDE TECHNOLOGY

High-temperature batteries: workhorses for large-scale grid storage High Temperature Batteries Specifications and Construction

High temperature batteries operate in the temperature range of 300oC – 450oC depending on the chemistry. They are suitable for large grid scale storage applications (500 kWh – 500 MWh) where long duration storage of 4-6 hours is required.

NAS System construction

A look at the characteristics, applications, challenges of some commercialized high temperature battery chemistries…

T Na + Sx

DCH

NaSx

CH

Comparison of High Temperature Battery Chemistries NaS

Na-NiCl2

Round Trip Efficiency

70 – 80%

80 – 85%

Liquid Metal Batteries (LMBs) 80 – 85%

Available C-Rates**

C/6 – C/8

C/6 –C/8

C/4 –C/8

Depth of Discharge (DOD)

80%

80%

90%

Energy Density (Wh/kg)*

65 - 70

55 – 60

40 – 60 -

Parameter

Energy Density (Wh/L)*

40 - 45

35 – 40

Power Density (W/kg)

8 - 12

6 - 10

-

Cycle Life

4500 - 5000

Battery Chemistry*

Sodium, Sulphur

4000 – 4500 Sodium, Nickel Chloride

4500+ Magnesium, LeadAntimony

Toxicity of Chemicals

Medium

Medium

Medium

Operating Temperature (oC)**

350oC

300oC

450oC

*Energy density calculations are done by assuming total system weight including BMS and Thermal management system.

CHEMISTRY AND CELL CONSTRUCTION (LMB) Operating Principle

CELL DESIGN

CHARGING

DISCHARGING

Liquid Metal Battery (LMB) consists of 3 layers of liquid which are stacked on top of each other (Anode, electrolyte and cathode). The electrolyte melts at a very high temperature due to which the cells also need to be operated above 450oC. During discharge, the anode (Magnesium) reacts with the cathode (Antimony) to form and alloy. During charge, the magnesium de-alloys and goes back to the top layer.

50 July-September 2019 •

he initial conceptualization and work on hightemperature batteries was initiated as early as the 1950s at various national labs in the U.S. and its commercialization was taken up by the Ford Motor company in 1967. The initial planned application for these batteries was in electric vehicles owing to its high energy density compared to the available technologies of its time. In the 1980s, Japan took up work on the technology to try and adapt it for stationary storage applications under the Moonlight Project

by New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO). In the current scenario, high-temperature batteries are mostly considered suitable for stationary storage applications.

General characteristics of high-temperature batteries All types of commercialized high-temperature batteries share certain commonalities in terms of design and performance. The operating temperature of the batteries is between 250oC and 450oC depending on

DR. SATYAJIT PHADKE Manager - R&D Customized Energy Solutions

the chemistry. These systems are designed to maintain this temperature via internal heat generated during operation of the battery. For minimizing thermal loss, it is practical to build large systems consisting of hundreds of cells tightly packed together and surrounded by thick insulation. Due to this, the minimum size of these storage systems is 0.5 MWh and above. NAS systems manufactured by NGK are even larger with a minimum battery size of 6 MWh. These systems are generally characterized by large cell sizes.

Individual cells are normally in the size range of 300 – 1500 Wh. The large cell size is practically convenient when assembling large storage systems because of ease of interconnection and assembly. For obtaining optimum cycle life and roundtrip efficiency, a 4 to 8-hour duration system design is optimum. It is possible for these batteries to deliver short pulses at a much high power but continuous usage under these conditions will impact the longevity of the system.

One of the benefits of this technology is that these ESSs are insensitive to ambient temperature conditions as the internal temperature is comparatively very high. There are two main reasons why these batteries need

to be operated at high temperatures: first, the solid electrolyte called beta-alumina that is used in these systems has good conductivity only at high temperatures - high conductivity of the electrolyte is important for reducing internal resistance losses and improving the efficiency; second, the sodium (anode) needs to be molten at the operating temperature to minimize resistance and obtain a good cycle life from the cell. A lot of ongoing work is focused on reducing the temperature of operation to < 200oC.

The variations There are at least three commercialized high temperature battery chemistries which are being manufactured and others that are currently under late stages of development.

NAS (sodium-sulphur) battery NAS batteries are being manufactured by NGK, the Japanese company which is building 1 MW/7 MWh modular systems. Larger installations can be assembled by putting together these 1 MW systems and the biggest one currently in operation in Japan is 34 MW / 245 MWh. It is connected to a 51 MW wind farm which has 35x1.5 MW wind turbines. The

ESS is used for stabilizing the temporary fluctuations in wind generation and for 6-8 hours long duration backup on the following day using wind forecasts.

This helps in matching the power generation and grid requirements allowing much higher wind farm utilization.

Each NAS system of 1 MW size consists of 20 stacked modules of 50 kW/300 kWh. Each module consists of 192 cells packed together closely to contain heat effectively. As you may notice from the drawing obtained from an early patent by Ford, the external cell design has not undergone any drastic modifications. It still consists of a tall elongated cell with a tubular solid electrolyte of beta-alumina.

The name NAS, is an abbreviation for Sodium (Na) and Sulphur (S) which is the chemistry of this battery. One of the advantages for NAS batteries is that both of its key ingredients are abundantly available on earth. Sodium is present is large quantities in sea water as sodium chloride or table salt. Sulphur is abundantly available on the surface of the earth in deposits near volcanoes and is also obtained as a waste material from desulphurisation of conventional fuels.

34 MW / 245 MWh Installation of NAS storage system

ESS is connected to at 51 MW solar farm for output stabilization and providing long duration backup Source: NGK

The analogue of NAS batteries in the Li-ion world is lithium-sulphur (LiS) batteries. By contrast, the LiS batteries are very high energy density devices (400+ Wh/kg) designed to operate at room temperatures and this technology is currently in pilot • July-September 2019 51

plant production stage. LiS batteries currently use a liquid or gel electrolyte but there are ongoing efforts to shift to inorganic solid electrolytes as in NAS batteries.

Na-NiCl2 battery Sodium-nickel chloride batteries share many similarities with NAS batteries. The main differentiator is that the cathode is NiCl2 instead of Sulphur. Two prominent companies working on commercializing this technology are General Electric (GE) and FIAMM. Na-NiCl2 batteries have also been used by some companies such as Think Global for EV applications till 2012. Currently, Ampower - a company based out of China - is actively manufacturing this technology.

Liquid metal battery (LMB) LMB is a new battery concept that was developed in the lab of Prof. Donald Sadoway at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) about 15 years ago. The work was initially supported by Advanced Research Project Agency – Energy or ARPA-E in the U.S. and later led to the formation of Ambri, a company that is com-

mercializing the technology. Ambri has built modular 0.5 MW / 1 MWh systems which have been deployed in Hawaii, Massachusetts and various other locations in the U.S. This battery chemistry operates at 450oC and consists of three liquid layers of anode, electrolyte and cathode. The anode is magnesium metal and the cathode is antimony metal. At the high operating temperature both of these are in the molten state.

It is different from the previous two battery types in the sense that here, even the electrolyte is liquid.

When this battery is discharged, the magnesium reacts with the antimony to produce an alloy and the energy of this reaction is converted to electrical energy. As a result, when the battery is discharged the magnesium from the top layer is gradually consumed and the thickness of the bottom layer of the cathode increases. Reverse happens during charging and the magnesium layer on the top is restored.

The heat required for maintaining the operating temperature is generated internally while the batteries are being charged or discharged, due to the in-

Modular 0.5 MW / 1 MWh ESS System of LMB Source: Ambri

52 July-September 2019 •

ternal resistance. This places a constraint on the system that it must be operated at least once a day to prevent the batteries from cooling down. This may not be a major challenge however, as grid storage batteries are generally used multiple times a day.

New chemistries under development One of the major challenges in all high temperature batteries is the requirement of high temperature. Other than the fact that energy is consumed in maintaining this temperature and extensive thermal insulation is required, it also poses significant challenges in the system design.

The problem of corrosion is much higher at these temperatures and sealing of batteries is also a challenge since the common materials used such as plastics, polymers and rubber degrade at these temperatures. As a result, there are multiple approaches being explored for resolving these challenges.

One of the approaches being pursued by Ceramatec, a company focused on research and development of ceramics material technologies and applications is to replace the beta-alumina with another solid electrolyte called NaSICON, i.e. sodium super ionic conductor.

This electrolyte can operate in the range of 120-200oC temperature, allowing the cells to operate at <200oC. The new electrolyte has already been applied to Na-I2 and Na-NiCl2 with good initial cycling results.

Overall, high temperature batteries have great prospects for stationary storage applications. As the fraction of renewable sources powering our grid increases upwards of 30 percent, having long duration backup for ensuring continuous power supply will become necessary. Such applications requiring hundreds of MWh of distributed storage could be aptly served by these battery systems.

IESA

India Energy Storage Alliance

YOUR GATEWAY TO INDIA'S ENERGY STORAGE, EV AND MICROGRIDS MARKET Join IESA to gain insights and access to one of the fastest growing energy storage, microgrid and EV markets.

India Energy Storage Alliance (IESA) Customized Energy Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Office: A-501, G-O Square, Aundh-Hinjewadi Link Road, Wakad, Pune-411057. INDIA Email: contact@indiaesa.info Phone: 91-9699719818

ES RANKING

IESA ranking of energy storage companies in India 2019 India Energy Storage Alliance (IESA) has initiated a new research program to benchmark energy storage companies in various application segments in the Indian market, and is proud to present the first edition of the Energy Storage Companies Ranking List.

Ranking of Energy Storage Companies in

Inverter-back up Application

Ranking

Battery Companies in Inverter Segment, 2018

Final Score

1

Exide Industries

3.5

2

Luminous Technologies

3.3

3

Okaya Power

2.5

4

Amara Raja

2.3

5

Base Batteries

2.0

Ranking of Energy Storage Companies in

Telecom sector

1

Lithium ion Battery companies in Telecom Segment, 2018 Exicom

2

Coslight

3.5

3

Delta

1.5

Ranking

Final Score 3.8

1

Lead Acid Battery Companies in Telecom Segment, 2018 Amara Raja

2

Exide Industries

2.7

3

HBL

2.5

4

Okaya Power

1.8

5

Base Batteries

1.3

Ranking

54 July-September 2019 •

Final Score 3.0

T

he Energy storage market in India has been gaining attention ever since the first grid scale storage project was announced in 2015, and later when the draft Energy Storage Mission document was circulated and its significance was re-emphasized in grid-scale applications. However, behind-the-meter categories such as inverters, solar rooftop, UPS back-up, telecom, and microgrids have been in existence and growing for quite a while in the Indian market as well. The research conducted by IESA aims to identify the top players in the market based on various criteria namely revenue and revenue growth rate, technological advancements, notable partnerships and export revenue. This ranking practice is expected to bring in more transparency in the energy storage industry which is fragmented across various segments.

It is envisaged as a channel for the industry players to showcase their exemplary performances and best practices. Also, it helps the top players to benchmark their business performance with respect to the market.

Major market segments covered in this first edition include majorly energy storage for behind-the-meter applications namely solar rooftop, inverter back-up, UPS back-up and telecom.

IESA aims to cover other categories such as energy storage companies in utility scale applications, electric

Ranking of Energy Storage Companies in

UPS back up Applications

1

Ranking of Energy Storage Companies in UPS Back up Application, 2018 Amara Raja

2

Exide Industries

3.0

3

Luminous Technologies

2.3

4

Rocket Battery

1.0

5

HBL

0.8

Ranking

Final Score 3.5

Ranking of Energy Storage Companies in

Solar Rooftop Applications

1

Ranking of Energy Storage Companies in Solar Rooftop Application, 2018 Exide Industries

2

Luminous

4.0

3

Okaya

3.8

4

Tata Green Batteries

2.3

5

Amara Raja

2.3

Ranking

vehicles etc in the subsequent ranking list editions.

This segment is dominated by the lead-acid type of batteries. In 2018, Exide was the market leader in this segment with revenue share above 30 percent (in the organized sector). This market segment is highly fragmented with numerous players in the SME and unorganized segments.

With the introduction of GST in 2018, market share of the unorganized players shrunk significantly, aiding the revenue growth of the top five organized players.

Also, Exide has been successful in introducing price competitive products to compete with local brands. The company has inhouse lead-smelter plants which

Final Score 4.3

are used for captive consumption and give it a price advantage against inflation, compared to competitors. Besides, its export share has also grown to five percent of the total revenue of (`10,000 crore), registering double digit growth during 2018. These factors have aided the company to attain the top ranked position in this segment.

In the lead-acid battery segment, Amara Raja is the market leader with the highest market share of about 35 percent. The telecom lead-acid battery segment faced challenges in 2018 due to low demand which affected the revenue growth of all top players. The company has modernized and expanded their fa-

cilities and produces high quality products which are very much preferred by customers in the market. Despite the low revenue growth rate, Amara Raja retains the market share positions as it ranks the highest in the other deciding criteria.

Li-ion batteries constituted 25 percent of the MWh share in the telecom segment in 2018.

In the Li-ion chemistry, Exicom was the market leader and held 50 percent market share in 2018.

Their strong client relationship with telecom tower companies has helped them gain repeated business from the customers.

Besides, their strong R&D capabilities for product customization has been a major factor for their healthy growth in the rather challenging telecom market.

Amara Raja is the market leader in batteries for UPS backup market segment with market share of nearly 35 percent.

The company has an extensive distribution network and holds the position of the top selling UPS brand. It registered healthy growth pushed by increasing demand from data centres and due to industrial automation. Their export revenue grew by 35 percent in 2018. Supported by these factors, Amara Raja has emerged as the clear topper in the ranking list of companies in the UPS segment.

This is a comparatively small but the fast growing energy storage segment in the behind-themeter market. Exide Technologies leads the market with 35 percent market share in 2018.

Exide registered double-digit growth in revenue in this segment. Their export revenue also increased significantly as the company entered into partnerships with countries in Southeast Asia and Middle East. The 36000 strong networks of outlets and service centres is a major strength which aids their leadership position in inverter and solar applications.

[The ranking score is based on CES’ analysis of data collected from industry participants].

• July-September 2019 55

PHOTO FEATURE

World Energy Storage Day celebration India Energy Storage Alliance organised India energy storage week to mark the World Energy Storage Day. Stakeholders participated in events from September 23-27. Here are some moments.

Group photo at 3rd India Energy Storage & EV Policy Forum

3rd India Energy Storage & EV Policy Forum

Group photo at 3rd Masterclass on Advanced Storage Technology and Manufacturing Process

From left: Debi Prasad Dash, Executive Director, IESA; Rakesh Malhotra, Founder, SAR Group; Deepak Thakur, CEO, Energy Storage & Hybrid Solutions, Sterling and Wilson and Anil Gupta, Managing Director, Okaya Power sharing business outlook at India Energy Storage & EV Investment 56 July-September 2019 •

MoU signing between Meity Startup Hub (MSH) and India Energy Storage Alliance (IESA) to support the energy storage & EV startup ecosystem

Group photo at India Energy Storage - EV Technology and R&D Forum

Panelist at India Energy Storage - EV Technology and R&D Forum Prabhjot Kaur, CEO, Centre for Battery Engineering & EV (C-BEEV), IIT Madras at 3rd Masterclass on Advanced Energy Storage Technology, Applications & Manufacturing process

Neeraj Kumar Singal, Director, SEMCO group at 3rd Masterclass on Advanced Energy Storage Technology, Applications & Manufacturing process

An insightful presentation was made by Aman Hans, Public Private Partnership Specialist, NITI Aayog

Panelist at India Energy Storage - EV Technology and R&D Forum

The audience at 3rd India Energy Storage & EV Policy Forum

The audience at India Energy Storage - EV Technology and R&D Forum

The audience at India Energy Storage & EV Investment Forum • July-September 2019 57

MICROGRID SERVICES USE-CASE

MicrO reneWable Grid for ruraL India (MOWGLI) Satellite-based services for microgrids The Mowgli feasibility study started in 2018 funded by the European Space Agency (ESA) with the involvement of the India Energy Storage Alliance (IESA) as stakeholder. The aim is to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of satellite-based services for microgrids. Designed by i-EM, Mowgli is a solution that provides a set of services for optimal microgrid planning, designing and operational and maintenance (O&M) applications in urban and rural areas developing countries, with focus on India as a use case.

The preliminary design Effective electrification is a combination of different elements: robust electricity infrastructure, practical households’ connectivity, adequate

58 July-September 2019 •

power quality and yield at affordable costs, and easy-tomanage hardware.

The preliminary version of the i-EM Mowgli services was designed, based on the

understanding of the needs in Indian areas. Feedback was taken to fine tune and re-think preliminary ideas.

Web-interactive mockups were used to explain

“Once set in motion, our activity will bring benefit to the Indian community, providing support in deciding where, how and what kind of microgrid can be effectively installed.

We have just started shifting gears!”

CIRO LANZETTA CTO – i-EM

and visually make sense of the plans.

In the last few years, India has seen a two-sided electrification approach to reach state electrification: expanding the regular grid and installing microgrids. This process not only requires careful sizing and scaling, but also needs to take into account the financial risks associated; especially when facing last-mile connectivity issues.

Correct sizing of microgrid is one of the most important planning activities which should be carefully carried out in every microgrid project. The optimum sizing ensures supply of the required power quantity and quality, and reduces maintenance effort. The use of satellite asset, which effectively improves energy demand and energy sources assessment, in combination with the dynamic simulation of the microgrid behavior is the benefit provided by the services proposed and analysed during the MOWGLI project.

FABRIZIO RUFFINI, PHD Senior Data Scientist – i-EM

Short to long term planning The most significant lessons learned and promptly included in the activity, are the necessity to look both at short-term and at a medium/long-term time interval. In the short-term, the service is meant to primarily address isolated microgrid in rural areas: that means to support an autonomous system, from technical and economic points of view; the focus was on easy-to-maintain, scalable, and robust system, to minimize the risk of oversizing and ensure economic viability.

In the medium/long term, it’s likely that the regular grid will reach last-miles areas, with a situation where both microgrids and regular grids are present simultaneously. To avoid unnecessary competition, the system takes into account the interactivity needs, that is the capability of the microgrid to interact with the regular grid and to gain advantage from both. This could be flexibility and the possibility to tailor the operativity based on the specific area needs for the first, and cheaper cost from the latter.

On these assumptions, four different services were designed.

1. Identify the sites: the MOWGLI_Planner service aims to identify the sites with potential need for a microgrid - by defining the load needs, exploiting Earth Observation (EO) satellite images and taking into account the support of the specific rural area development.

2. Identify suitable design: the MOWGLI_Tailor service aims to identify the best microgrid design, taking into account the local energy sources availability (exploiting EO images) and the sustainability, scalability, and stability of the microgrid to be realized.

3. Manage and monitor: the MOWGLI_Manager service is designed to manage and monitor the microgrid, in

• July-September 2019 59

terms of load balancing, blackout prevention and control, microgrid components fault detection and prediction, and sustainable maintenance strategy. Artificial Intelligence techniques are intensely involved here, to improve the optimization capabilities of the system.

4. Mobile app convenience: MOWGLI_Smart is a set of mobile phone services for the end-users, for the customer care energy services and secure billing services, with the additional aim of improving the community energy awareness.

The sustainability of a Microgrid in remote areas is challenged by critical factors: above others, the maintenance activity is one of the most important.

Maintaining a microgrid in remotely located rural areas would be hard due to non-local operators (typical solution adopted by microgrid provider), distance, spare parts availability and so on. In that case, the microgrid could suffer 60 July-September 2019 •

long outage periods due to a not effective maintenance strategy. The MOWGLI_Smart service introduces training, tele-education and local-based educational programs both to allow local operators to effectively maintain the microgrid both to entrust basic responsibilities to the communities ensuring longlasting operational lifetime.

The four MOWGLI i-EM proposed services involve benefit for the whole rural microgrid community: decision makers (policy makers, funding entities, local entities and regulators) to facilitate socio-economic growth of the local communities, microgrid designers and developers to achieve long-term sustainability and return on investment, microgrid owner operators (MGOs) for optimal microgrid management support, and the end-users who will benefit from high quality and reliable energy availability at reasonable costs.

The road ahead the

During the summer of 2019, feasibility stage ended.

The demonstration phase is currently under the approval process by the Italian national delegation; the go/no go decision is expected by the end of the year. If approved, the value addition of the space assets to the system can be well demonstrated, in particular the use of EO-imagery techniques to identify best rural areas.

The MOWGLI services concept has been already successfully carried out in similar conditions in Sub-Saharan Africa and South America.

Based in Italy, i-EM designs and develops business intelligent solutions for energy management.

The company joined IESA in 2019 and an effective collaboration is ongoing. In the past few months, i-EM engaged three potential stakeholders interested in the demonstration phase and the following potential commercial purposes. i-EM participated in the 6th International Conference & Exhibition on Energy Storage, EV & Micro Grid, ESI EXPO Trade Fair, as a silver sponsor.

NEO ENTRY

Revolt Intellicorp: ‘smart’ mobility company Launches RV400 India’s first AI- enabled e-motorcycle

RAHUL SHARMA

A

fter revolutionizing the smartphone category in India, homegrown entrepreneur (Micromax co-founder) Rahul Sharma is all set to change the mobility sector with his new venture - Revolt Intellicorp Pvt. Ltd. Wholly-owned by Sharma, who is transitioning from mobiles to mobility, the start-up is focused on making personal mobility practical, affordable and sustainable. Headquartered in Gurgaon, Revolt has a manufacturing facility in Manesar, Haryana. Spread over 100,000 square feet, the facility boasts a production capacity of 120,000 vehicles commissioned for Phase 1.

The company recently launched two fully-electric

commuter motorcycles, the Revolt RV 400, and the Revolt RV 300. The similar-looking motorcycles differ in power output - the RV400 is equipped with a 3kW, while RV300 gets a 1.5kW hub-mounted motor.

Promoted as India's first AIenabled motorcycle, certified

by ARAI, RV400 is equipped with an embedded 4G LTE SIM which enables internet and cloud-connected features of the motorcycle. A dedicated Revolt mobile app offers real-time motorcycle diagnostics, satellite navigation, bike locator, geofencing for security, doorstep battery service and access to a battery charging network, called the Battery Switch, as well as online payment gateway.

Talking about his new company, Rahul Sharma said, “As a mechanical engineer by qualification, I always found

mobility and the expanse of opportunities it offers, very intriguing. There is a colossal need for using technology to disrupt urban commute and make it cleaner and sustainable.

I’m doing my bit and I feel this is the right time for every player operating in this space to come together for the greater good of our environment. My vision is to see every household in India have access to sustainable mobility.”

“The new-age consumer hates making compromises, and this became our first point of consideration while conceptualizing our products.

We are working on the premise of making intelligent vehicles that don’t compromise on the form factor and performance ICE vehicles. To this we added our tech prowess and our ambition is to replace them completely.”

THE REVOLT RV400

• July-September 2019 61

BATTERY MANAGEMENT

Reliability-centered maintenance in batteries Isidor Buchmann - CEO and Founder of Cadex Electronics Inc, has pioneered testing and standardization of the ubiquitous battery, saving the global industry a tremendous outlay on maintenance. Excerpts from his article on battery management…

I

ntroduced in the 1960s, reliability-centered maintenance or RCM is a service strategy that provides improved system reliability with a reduced level of required maintenance. Defined by the technical standard SAE JA1011, RCM provides risk awareness that improves reliability while reducing the need for invasive maintenance that lowers operational costs.

RCM is both a safety and cost cutting measure, and new machinery now harmonizes with it.

A quick illustration is the DC-8 airplane built in a pre-RCM era which needed 4 million manhours of structural inspections; the Boeing 747 built on RCM standards requires 66,000 manhours or 60-times less.

RCM is also suitable to monitor batteries in systems. Considering their growing importance, batteries should receive the same treatment as a critical part in an aircraft or machine in which wear and tear falls under strict maintenance guidelines. The battery often needs replacement before other parts because of capacity fade. However, before battery monitoring can be implemented effectively, better diagnostic technologies must be developed. Battery diagnostics has not advanced as quickly as other technologies and this is due to complexity and volatility.

Most test systems only provide voltage, current and tem-

62 July-September 2019 •

ISIDOR BUCHMANN CEO and Founder, Cadex Electronics Inc

perature. Without knowing the capacity of the battery, the end of battery life cannot be predicted. According to a biomed technician, batteries are the most abused components with little or only the bare minimum care by the staff.

AAMI, the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation rates battery management as one of the top 10 challenges. Underscoring the importance of the battery, a $23 billion global battery industry today is expected to grow to $90 billion in the next decade. Billions of dollars are spent to find the super battery, but improving

performance does not rest on the battery alone. Progress must be made in battery diagnostics to provide long, dependable and safe service.

Cadex Electronics recently participated in a workshop with biomed technicians and sought answers to some commonly asked questions about battery servicing:

Are batteries a problem in the devices that are serviced?

There is a general distrust in batteries and technicians agree that up to 50 percent of system failures are battery related.

When should a battery be replaced? What percentage denotes end-of-life?

Unless checked with a battery analyzer, the capacity is not known. ‘Fix it when broken’ applies. Batteries come oversized to allow for some fading; end-of-life is commonly at 80 percent. Battery capacity should be verified when servicing a device. Batteries should also be tested before replacement.

Are there regulatory procedures regarding battery testing?

In the absence of a battery analyzer, device manufacturers recommend replacing batteries on a date stamp. The time allotment is commonly two years and a battery can often be one year old when entering service. This leads to discarding of good batteries. A manager at DOE discovered that every year about one million usable lithium-ion batteries are discarded.

What are the benefits of the smart battery?

Modern devices equipped with smart batteries offer state-of-function (SoF) that is instantly readable. FCC or Full Charge Capacity in a smart battery represents the ‘digital capacity’ that correlates to the ‘chemical capacity’.

Smart battery applications have room for improvement.

Few portable devices show SoF in an easy to read format. In fear of high warranty claims with consumer products, SoF is often only accessible by an access code. A technician said that the ‘digital battery’ causes more problems than the ‘chemical battery’. Many chargers are hybrid, in that they switch to regular charging when digital communications fails.

Would a state-of-function icon work?

Fishbowl is an icon that provides SoF graphically (see figure).

The Charge Ring shows SoC that moves counter-clockwise on discharge.

The Status Dome reveals battery status; Battery Fade is shown by a dropping ceiling in the Dome. End-of-life occurs when Battery Fade reaches the Pass/Fail line.

How do you check battery capacity?

Many batteries and portable devices include a fuel gauge displaying battery state-ofcharge (SoC). While this is helpful, the readout does not guarantee runtime. A serious error occurs if an aged battery shows 100 percent SoC while the capacity has dropped to 50 percent. In this case, the runtime is cut in half. We ask ‘100 percent of what’?

Good to go

Fishbowl reveals SoF

Below charge alarm

Anomaly

Needs calibration

Low capacity

Fishbowl shows battery status everyone can understand.

Touchingeveryone the Dome reveals information.

Figure 3: Fishbowl shows battery status candetailed understand.

Touching the Dome

reveals detailed information.

• July-September 2019 63

Detailed Battery Information of a SMBus battery as presented in the Cadex Cloud

LEGEND SoC: state-of-charge SoH: state-of-health, mainly based on capacity SoF: state-of-function FCC: full charge capacity, relates to battery capacity [The System Management Bus (SMBus) represents a concerted effort to standardize communications protocol and apply one set of data.]

It is apparent that not all technicians are fully familiar with SMBus. Device manufacturers could effectively utilize SMBus data for the benefit of the user, instead of locking up valuable diagnostic information in a black box.

How beneficial would a database and documentation be?

Online databases that share test results are gaining popularity with battery users, technicians and fleet supervisors. With the Cadex Cloud, packs that drop below a userset target capacity are identified and replaced. It came as a surprise that healthcare requires minimal documentation for batteries in service. There are no set standards and little is done to track performance history.

Tools to assist in

service and online documentation will likely come from the private sector.

Summary

Improvements in battery technology do not rest in higher capacity alone, but in supplying dependable and safe energy over the entire service life of the battery. Batteries follow different criteria than the wearand-tear of a mechanical part.

Key performance indicators of a battery that need monitoring are capacity, internal resistance and self-discharge.

Reducing our dependency on fossil fuels places new responsibilities on the battery for which this clean power source is not yet ready.

Advancements in Diagnostic Battery Management (DBM) will lead to an effective use of RCM to make the battery transparent. Accurate diagnostics keeps batteries in service longer and reduces operational costs.

Equally important is reducing environmental harm associated with fabricating and disposing of batteries.

Isidor Buchmann has studied (for over 30 years) the behavior of rechargeable batteries in practical, everyday applications.

He is also the author of several award-winning articles, including the book ‘Batteries in a Portable World’.

64 July-September 2019 •

Electric Transformation is shaping up even as you read this.

Join the MOVEment and be a part of IESA MOVE Objectives Forward the interests of the EV and battery manufacturing sector Enable a platform for exchange ideas & technology to promote business Aid policy makers and implementing agencies

MOVE Highlights Supplier Meets for exploring business opportunities Regional EV Roundtables supported by state transport agencies, distribution companies, and city planners & corporations EV conclaves with industry participants & central government bodies

LASER MANUFACTURING

It’s heading this way Automotive manufacturing is a key future field for TRUMPF. The rate of innovation in this field is high. Alongside the variety of materials used in the vehicle body and powertrain, the increasing trend toward electric vehicles represents a key field with many new applications. Find out about trends in laser manufacturing for battery, electric drives, and mobile power electronics.

Rapid change opens-up opportunities It is the right time to develop methods of mass production EVs. The good news is that this accelerated upheaval in drive technology offers real opportunities to newcomers. In the past 30 years, automakers have clearly shown that laser is a material processing tool they can use to execute flexible, high-precision steps on the factory floor in very little time.

Many of the key car components such as body, interior, lightweight components, brakes, etc. aren’t going anywhere. Even in 2025, electric cars will still need doors and the carmakers already know how to make them

Article Courtesy: TRUMPF

efficiently. But now three new fronts are opening up: batteries, electric drives and high-power electronic systems. EV sales are currently running at about 2million a year, and forecasts suggest that will rise to 40 million in just a few years’ time. To keep up, many industry players will once again have to rely on laser material processing.

Battery times three What we loosely refer to as a battery is, in fact, a complex entity. There are three components that hold the key to the efficient manufacturing of energy storage devices for electromobility: battery cells, battery modules and battery packs. Lithium-ion battery cells are built up in layers: copper foil and coated aluminium layered

Image Source: TRUMPF

together with the electrode foils of lithium metal oxide (cathode) and graphite (anode).

Each of the different foils is approximately 100 microns thick, and the easiest way to cut them is with a short-pulse laser. After adding the liquid electrolyte, the next step is to seal the cell with a cap and fit a pressure-relief valve. It is essential that the welds completely seal the cell, but it is equally important that they do not penetrate too deep since this would render the cell useless. So, once again, batterycell manufacturers turn to the delicate and reliable touch of the laser.

Today’s market for battery cells is largely divided amongst volume manufacturers in China, South Korea and Japan. In contrast, the market for battery modules is still open – so far, no standards have been set for the rest of the process.

Making electric motors faster

Image Source: TRUMPF

66 July-September 2019 •

As the industry seeks ways to accommodate volume production, companies are also starting to reconsider some of the traditional, yet sluggish, manufactur-

ing methods currently used for electric motors. One example is the coil. Normally, the stators in electric motors are provided with a winding of copper wire. Each individual slot in the stator is wrapped in a winding that goes in and out, almost like knitting.

That takes time – and is tough to automate.

The auto industry considers this process to have reached the limits of its productivity and is banking on a new technique known as hairpins. This involves using a compressed-air pistol to fire a rectangular copper wire similar to a hairpin straight into each slot. This method is several times faster – just one shot per slot – and it completely fills the space with copper, which increases the motor’s efficiency.

The protruding parts of the hairpin on both sides are then pressed onto each other using a mask or are jammed or twisted together. The problem is that the hairpins are sometimes slightly out of alignment with each other after this process, with unsightly gaps in certain places.

That’s when scanner welding comes back into play: a camera in the laser optics determines the orientation of the objects within the space and finds the ideal welding point within just a few fractions of a second. The beam focus oscillates and, in little more than a minute, all 200 of the welds required for each motor are finished – and the laser is ready to weld the connections for the next motor.

Image Source: TRUMPF

Image Source: TRUMPF

The second benefit of using high-precision scanner laser welding for hairpins is that it reduces the overhang of the weld seam to almost zero. The slots and hairpins can move closer together, and that means the motor takes up less space. At this point the copper hairpins go under the laser for the second time, having already had their insulating enamel removed by a pulsed nanosecond laser earlier in the process, either directly on the coil or before winding.

Mechanical methods to remove the enamel – such as planning and milling – can no longer keep pace with the required level of productivity.

Mobile power electronics For the first time, power electronics such as chargers, transformers, rectifiers and battery-management systems are making massive inroads in the realm of cars and their charging infrastructure. While the electronics in cars powered by fossil fuels had to makedo with a 48-volt battery, electric cars will soon be using voltages as high as 800 volts.

Once again, the companies that manufacture these kinds of power electronics are faced with the dilemma of how to massproduce these components –

and how to make them as small as possible. That’s because every millimeter counts for carmakers when it comes to battery-pack size and installation space, and engineers may decide that even the millimeter-sized contact pins are too big.

What’s more, weld spatter can become a serious problem for contact connectors: a large spatter droplet could easily consign the virtually finished component to the scrap heap.

Even worse, spatter could end up stuck to the component, initially harmless, but then suddenly come loose later when the car is in motion – causing a short circuit and bringing the car to a standstill.

The problem is that space is tight when it comes to welding electronic components, so there is simply no space for devices designed to intercept spatter. That’s why engineers opt for a disk laser. Combined with special technology that simultaneously overlays two welding foci, a disk laser can create virtually spatter-free welds even in small, cramped environments. The laser welds directly in the groove, which keeps the contact pins below three millimeters. More valuable millimeters shaved off the size of the components – and every little bit helps!

(This write-up is excerpted from an article by Athanassios Kaliudis, spokesperson for Trumpf Laser Technology)

• July-September 2019 67

USED BATTERY MANAGEMENT

Recycling and disposal of batteries for sustainable future Insights into global and Indian scenario Battery technology has become the lifeblood for EV and renewable energy sector worldwide, the latest CES research on this subject, gives an overview of battery recycling technology, its process, and emerging initiatives in India and abroad.

A

s the volume of battery manufacturing grows worldwide, developing a parallel system of effective battery waste disposal and recycling will be indispensable to minimize the detrimental impact of battery waste on the environment. The battery market is estimated to grow into a $90 billion industry by 2025 from $60 billion in 2015, and as the demand for batteries burgeons so will the need for disposing and recycling the waste generated from them.

The absence of a good battery waste management system not only puts our ecology at risk but also results in loss of economic value associated with

batteries. On the other hand, a well-thought out battery recycling mechanism can bring host of benefits such as recovery of key resources, reduction in toxic landfills, and reduction in green-house gas emissions which result from high energyintensive metal extraction and refining process – Due to all these factors a reliable waste disposal and recycling system becomes crucial for sustainable future.

Currently, the recycling industry for Li-ion batteries is in its nascent stage, with only a few companies worldwide focused on this subject such as Umicore, Fortum, ICL, American Manganese, Li-Cycle,

Image Source: ReCell, Argonne National Labs (ANL)

68 July-September 2019 •

and Duesenfeld. Potentially, all the metal elements used in a Li-ion battery namely lithium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, and aluminum could be recovered and re-used for either battery or other applications. However, currently only cobalt is partly recovered due to its high cost and concerns regarding its availability.

Especially in the countries like India, where the reserves of key battery elements like lithium and other metals are limited, recycling of batteries can prove to be economical as recycled elements can be reused as primary source for batteries or other applications.

Strict regulations governing the disposal of batteries needs to be enacted in order to give impetus to the Li-ion battery recycling industry. In terms of recycling, the lead-acid battery industry is incredibly advanced with almost 96 percent of batteries being recycled worldwide.

The success of battery waste management is reliant on a robust and scalable recycling technology, strict regulations prohibiting improper disposal and developing a well-established supply chain for collection of used batteries from the customers.

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• July-September 2019 69

ARAI CONNECT

Standards for EV battery in India vehicle (commonly known as traction battery) should have completed certification test as per AIS-048. Certification is provided for a particular type/ model of battery.

In this certification testing there are several safety verifications done by ARAI by subjecting the batteries (battery pack/ battery module/ cells) to:

2. Module level battery test system: for 2W and 3W battery testing 3. Cell level battery test system: multiple cells can be tested simultaneously 4. Penetration/crush test system 5. Vibration test system 6. Mechanical shock test system.

•

Battery pack system and module level system can be utilized to validate pack and BMS safety and fault tolerant mechanism. Cell level test system is a very good tool to measure various performance parameters of a single cell, which helps to correctly select cell for EV application.

ARAI also has the facility to conduct tests as per international standards, like:

• • • • ANAND DESHPANDE Deputy Director & Head Automotive Electronics Department, ARAI

Type approval of battery for electric vehicle Traction battery is one of the key components in an Electric Vehicle and therefore its safety is of prime importance. In order to ensure the safety and quality of a traction battery pack, Automotive Industry Standard (AIS) 048 has been identified by the government of India.

Batteries to be used in electric

•

Short Circuit Test (External Short) Overcharge Test Vibration Test Mechanical Shock Test Roll-over (only for flooded lead acid battery) Nail penetration Test (Internal Short Test)

Once the cell and battery pack meet the test requirements, certification for the particular model of battery pack or battery module is provided as per AIS 048 standard.

In order to facilitate this fastgrowing industry requirement, ARAI has established several test rigs and equipment; it has following state-of-the-art test systems.

1. Pack level battery test system: to cater to electric bus and car battery testing

Battery Abuse Testing- AIS 048, ECE R100, UN 38.3

70 July-September 2019 •

Battery Abuse Testing- AIS 048, ECE R100, UN 38.3

Battery Abuse Testing- AIS 048, ECE R100, UN 38.3

• • • • • • • • • •

ISO 12405, ISO 18243, IEC 61427-1&2, IEC 62660-1, IS 16047 Part 3, IS 16048 Part 1 (IEC 61951-1) IS 16805 (IEC 62619), IS 16822 (IEC 62620) IS 16827 (IEC 16898) IS 16893 Part 1, Part 2, Part 3 (IEC 62660-1, -2, -3) IS 16046 , EN 50342-6 UN38.3.

USABC FreedomCAR Battery Test Manual

Short Circuit Test

Vibration / Shock Test

Nail Penetration Test

Combined Temp / Vibration

Halt / Hass

Thermal Shock

Lately, there has been a lot of focus on choosing the best cell chemistries to cater to the needs of EV traction application. Original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) often find it difficult to find the best chemistry and configuration for their vehicle. From a design point of view there are mainly three pillars around which a sub-system like battery pack is made – cost, life cycles or performance and safety towards thermal runaway. It’s always an engineering trade-off between these three inherent qualities of cells which are weighed depending upon the application for which it is used.

Since safety among these three is of paramount importance some of the chemistries that can be considered are NMC with relatively even proportions of nickel and manganese to have a thermally stable cell that does

not compromise performance greatly as well. Another new emerging chemistry which can be considered is the lithium titanate oxide (LTO) cell. The titanium and oxygen atoms are bonded very tightly in the cathode that its structure is not disturbed when the lithium atoms intercalate in and out of the electrode. Therefore, providing it more than 10,000 life cycles with negligible capacity fade, and it also enables very fast charging i.e. full charge in less than 20 minutes which is a very interesting prospect for EVs. ARAI not only provides the facilities to test and certify the battery pack, but also helps the manufacturers in further optimizing and improving their design, which helps manufacturers in root cause analysis of a particular failure in their batteries and provide strategies to mitigate them as well.

ARAI has the facility to do various development activities like battery emulation, battery packing, battery sizing, battery static capacity, battery state of health (using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy method), constant voltage discharge, constant power discharge, constant current discharge, constant resistance discharge, hybrid pulse power, cold cranking, charge sustaining energy efficiency, charge depleting energy efficiency, map-based cycle life at various depth of discharge, cycle life, calendar life, thermal stability, overcharge, over-discharge, DC internal resistance, federal urban drive schedule (FUDS), dynamic stress tests (DST) and material characterization for Li-ion battery using X-ray diffraction technique (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

This regular column by Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) will feature updates in the field of Energy Storage and E-mobility.

ARAI is an automotive R&D organization set up by the Automotive Industry with the GoI, and is an autonomous body affiliated to the Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises. It has been playing crucial role in assuring safe, less polluting, more efficient and reliable vehicles.

• July-September 2019 71

SOLAR INITIATIVES

Enhancing India’s innovation: SuryaKranti - a sun-driven future Aspirations to make India a manufacturing hub for EVs requires strong industry-academia links among other changes in the mindset.

Iqbal Abdulla Hakim explores the challenges.

I

ndia ranks at 52nd position among 129 countries in the Global Innovation Index 2019 as per the report by the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO). Although India has made significant progress to improve its innovation ranking, it is far behind other advancing economies like China (17th place) and South Korea (12th place). Moreover, only seven Indian universities were ranked in the top 400 universities by the QS World University Rankings for 2019. The experts are of the opinion that the main reasons for such a state of affairs is the lack of vision and the deep focus on marks/exams which often hinders original thought.

The lack of industry-academia

IQBAL ABDULLA HAKIM

partnerships often translates to research which is either not pragmatic enough to be used or there are lack of funds to do meaningful work.

One way to enhance India’s position in the world is by helping our students compete among themselves at the national level and then at international level as well. This will add to their knowledge base and enthusiasm. Emerging areas in the industrial world coupled with academic linkages have a strong potential to develop a symbiotic relationship between our academia and industry.

‘SuryaKranti Solar Challenge’ is one such event through which we aim to develop a deeper collaboration between Indian industry and our engineering colleges. The event, on the lines of World Solar Challenge-Australia, aims to drive the culture of innovation in India by trying to solve a great

challenge of climate change by building a sun-powered car and driving it for a significant distance. The students will drive a solar power car which shall get energy from the solar panels mounted on the car itself and through batteries. Charging will also be allowed from the grid, but points will be deducted and more weightage will be given to the clean power driven source.

The car should attain a speed of 60 km/hr and should have enough endurance to run long distances while seating at least two people.

India has made significant strides in clean solar power development over the last few years. From a mere 10MW in 2010, the installed solar capacity now stands at 30,000+MW. The country has an ambitious target of reaching 100,000MW of solar power by 2022. The EV segment is picking up at a triple digit growth rate in India and many experts believe that internal combustion engines shall be replaced by EVs much sooner than anticipated.

The challenge for faster adoption of the clean EVs and meeting the solar targets while encouraging, cannot be solved by merely imitating global solutions. India’s SuryaKranti Organizing Committee

Photo Credit: Bridgestone World Solar Challenge and Bart van Overbeeke Photography

72 July-September 2019 •

problems are unique and hence need indigenous solutions which have to be arrived at locally and not through solutions engineered across the seas.

‘SuryaKranti’ aims to bridge this divide and it will get the required support from ministries, government departments, private and public sector industries to help the students create a truly world class event.

This will popularize the use of clean energy and enhance the culture of innovation in India.

It will be a great platform for students to showcase their talent; for the government to get the message of grass-root domestic innovation, clean energy and focus on industryacademia partnership delivered at the ground level. For clean energy companies, the race will help to popularize the use of EVs and solar technologies; for auto industry it will help to showcase their technological competence; and similarly, for many other players to highlight their achievements. It will also be a good platform for organizations to commercialize their technologies.

The event shall get the support from various industries for equipment supply at a cheaper price so that resource is not a constraint for the right talent. The event would require the students to learn in cross functional teams and thus boost their pragmatism. The event is being organized by some of the pioneers in various fields and the students will be mentored by them. The best teams shall be sent to participate in competitions across the globe to learn and imbibe new technologies and create an Indian story across the globe.

(The author works with NTPC, Mumbai. He is a Mechanical Engineer from NIT Srinagar, and a Chevening Scholar in Power Engineering from the University of Manchester).

SuryaKranti: India’s first solar car race The SuryaKranti Solar Challenge India is the brainchild of Santhosh Thannikat, who was inspired by the movie, 'Race the Sun' based on a real-life story of a team from Hawaii reaching Australia for the Bridgestone World Solar Challenge.

“I applied to be a volunteer for the same event and got selected. I leave in October, just a month from now,” he said with palpable excitement. Before he leaves, Thannikat is working towards throwing open the SuryaKranti solar car race to young engineers of the country.

Registration for teams will start from September 21, 2019.

SANTHOSH THANNIKAT Founder Over 20 expert enthusiasts now comprise SuryaKranti the organizing committee of the Solar Challenge India SuryaKranti Challenge which is expected to take place from March 14-20, 2021. An elaborate study of the route will be done by our technical team, explained Thannikat.

“The solar irradiance, gradient of road, condition of the road, facilities for night stay, etc. need to be evaluated before finalizing,” he added.

The route will be announced only by March 2020 and will run between Kerala and Delhi covering a distance of 3000 km. Charging to the storage batteries from the grid will be allowed for this class, but the winner will be decided based on the most power generated from solar energy.

A proposed expedition from Kochi will start from March 14, 2021. A speed race in a racing track will follow on March 28, 2021. The participating cars for the track racing will have to run using solar power only and external charging will not be allowed. Apart from speed, endurance of the vehicle also will be tested on the track to make it continuously run for nine hours.

“Our aim is to bridge the gap between the Indian electric mobility industry and international competition. We have to collaborate and create an ecosystem together with academia, R&D and industry for the development, innovation and for entrepreneurship in this space,” said Thannikat. Anyone from a technical educational institution can take the lead, form a team, design and build an electric car powered by solar panels to participate in the expedition. The car is to be built to technical specifications similar to the World Solar Challenge, Australia and should be able to run for 3000+ km.

The eventual goal is to enable Indian teams to compete internationally.

SURYAKRANTI SOLAR CHALLENGE ROUTE

• July-September 2019 73

NATIONAL UPDATE BYD T3 EVs

BYD India introduces pure electric T3 MPV and T3 minivans

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YD India, a subsidiary of China's BYD Group, recently launched two new electric vehicles - T3 MPV and T3 minivan. BYD (Build Your Dreams) is one of the world's largest electric vehicle manufactures and this is its second entry into India’s EV space. Last year it had bagged large tenders for electric buses.

BYD India Managing Director Liu Xueliang said, "Seeing the huge potential of India's EV market, BYD is responding to the Indian government's call to promote the local market and make India a global hub for EVs and so today we are proud to announce that BYD is moving toward its next step in India. We are delighted to launch the all-new pure electric T3 MPV and T3 minivan for the Indian market and are confident that our products will set a benchmark in India's electric van segment. We always strive to bring the most advanced and cleanest technology into the Indian market and better serve our local customers."

Both T3 MPV and T3 minivans require only oneand-a-half hours to fully charge using DC charging equipment, but can also support standard AC chargers. Both models can travel up to 300 km when fully charged. BYD claims that a single T3 MPV or T3 minivan can save fuel consumption and emissions

equivalent to five passenger cars. The company is seeking local Indian partners for the electric van product series.

Built using the company's proprietary battery technology, the T3 MPV and T3 minivan models offer features like keyless entry, push-button start, music system with Bluetooth connectivity, reverse parking camera and sensors. The vehicles are equipped with automatic transmission, and spaces have been diligently designed for accommodating passengers or cargo storage. The safety features in the minivans include ABS (anti-lock braking system), EBD (electronic brake-force distribution) BOS (brake override system) and electric parking system. The vehicles come with a regenerative braking system and CAN (controller area network) bus communication system.

"In the past few years, with the great support of Indian government and our local partners, BYD has realized the local design, R&D, manufacturing of electric buses in India and established battery manufacturing facilities here. We are also the first OEM in the country to export e-buses to overseas markets from India. Our pure electric buses have cemented their position as a market leader in the Indian e-bus segment," said Xueliang.

"At this early stage, we are going to focus on creating a more efficient, more reliable B2B and electric public transportation sector," BYD India - Executive Director Ketsu Zhang said.

He added that they will also gradually look at increasing investment and manufacturing electric vans locally, according to Indian market demand and government policies.

EV Deadline

No specific deadline for transition to EVs

I

n a huge relief to automakers, the government announced it doesn’t plan to set a specific deadline for automakers to shift from internal combustion engine (ICE) to electric vehicles. “The shift to electric vehicles will happen in natural progression," assured Road Transport and Highways minister Nitin Gadkari as per news reports. Gadkari’s clarification came in response to a question regarding the government think tank NITI Aayog’s proposal to ban production of conventional 2Ws under 150cc by 2025 and 3Ws by 2023. Gadkari emphasized that the government will continue to promote cleaner fuels without any deadline or directive to ban diesel or petrol vehicles. Automakers in the country had opposed the idea of a deadline proposed by the NITI Aayog’s citing that discontinuing ICE vehicles will only compound the problems in the auto industry. Additionally, the auto industry in India is also witnessing the worst slump seen in passenger Nitin Gadkari vehicles segment in almost two decades, caused by a host of reasons such as Road, Transport & liquidity crisis, agricultural distress, and higher costs.

Highways Minister 74 July-September 2019 •

EV Powertrain

Tata Motors announces new-age EV powertrain technology

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ata Motors has declared its state-of-theart electric vehicle technology ZIPTRON, a building block that will power a range of first-generation Tata Electric Cars. The newly proclaimed EV powertrain technology features an efficient high voltage system, excellent speed, long range, fast charging capability, a battery warranty of eight years and adherence to IP67 standard. A first launch can be expected in Q4 of FY20.

The Tata Motors electric vehicle technology ‘ZIPTRON’ launch event. (R to L) Guenter Butschek, CEO & MD Tata Motor; Shailesh Chandra, President - Electric Mobility Business & Corporate Strategy; & Anand Kulkarni, Product Line Head – EVBU

Speaking at the launch, Guenter Butschek - CEO & MD, Tata Motors said, “We are proud to present this state-of-art technology brand – ZIPTRON, which has been designed in-house while utilizing our global engineering network. At the heart of our future EV line-up, this technology will deliver a thrilling driving experience to our customers aspiring to go-green. Rigorously tested across one million kms, ZIPTRON technology is well proven, advanced and reliable. With this technology, we hope to usher in a new wave of e-mobility in India and accelerate faster adoption of EVs, supporting the government’s vision.”

ZIPTRON technology comprises a highly efficient permanent magnet AC motor providing superior performance on demand. It also offers a best-in-industry dust-proof and waterproof battery system meeting IP67 standards. Further, ZIPTRON utilizes smart regenerative braking to charge the battery while on the drive. With the launch of ZIPTRON, Tata Motors also rolled out the ZIPTRON Freedom 2.0 campaign to highlight the innovative aspects of the new technology.

Battery Management

ION Energy unveils battery management platform

I

ON Energy recently launched Edison Analytics, a cloud-hosted Li-ion battery lifecycle management platform. The new analytics platform leverages data from the batteries, advanced electronics, AI and machine learning to enhance the existing performance of batteries and extend its life up to 40 percent.

Currently, Li-ion batteries make up 45 percent of the cost of EVs and the financial viability of these vehicles relies on battery life and its performance – even more so with the entry of shared mobility.

Li-ion batteries are also being utilized in large solar farms to eliminate intermittencies and this deployment is expected to last more than 10 years for which ensuring battery life remains significant for their financial modelling. Edison Analytics is designed in a way that utilizes data to identify patterns, predict battery life degradation, provide prognostic alerts and send over-the-air updates to prolong battery life. As per Akhil Aryan ION Energy reports, the fullCo-founder & CEO stack battery management ION Energy

and intelligent SaaS platform ‘unifies data from the triple Es that have the most impact on battery life, i.e. entity (factors that are inside the battery such as capacity planning, chemistry comparisons, cell selection, mechanical design, thermal management etc), environment (factors that lie outside the battery but beyond the control of the user such as traffic, terrain, weather, etc) and experience (dependent solely on user conditions). Edison seeks to customize the life and performance of each user by amalgamating and assessing the data from these three sources’.

The platform is expected to benefit shared mobility services such as Ola and Uber which incorporate EVs into their fleet to improve their total cost of ownership (TCO). It can also be used by OEMs designing EVs and battery-pack manufacturers to produce an exceptional user experience with remote service, support and extended warranties.

The launch of Edison Analytics aligns with the mission of ION Energy that is to accelerate transition of Earth to an ‘all-electric planet’, and by 2020 ION Energy intends have more than 1GWh batteries under the Edison management platform and build Edison into a $1 million plus business venture.

• July-September 2019 75

NATIONAL UPDATE Li-ion Facility

Livguard to invest INR100 crore in Li-ion battery facility

L

ivguard Energy Technologies, an indigenous energy storage solutions provider is on expansion mode.The company plans invest up to INR100 crore on capacity building and is also amid finalizing plans for a lithium-ion battery facility.

According to reports, speaking about the company’s expansion, CEO of Livguard Gurpreet Bhatia said, “As a company that focuses on batteries, solar units, and home energy solutions, we have been growing at a compounded annual growth rate of about 60 percent. We closed last year with a total turnover of INR1,400 crore and are looking at a turnover of INR2,500 crore this fiscal.”

As per reports, post the company’s disinvestment with Schneider Electric – the French energy and automation digital solutions provider – and completion of non-compete period, it has invested considerably in the manufacturing plant in Himachal Pradesh.

Earlier this year, Livguard received funding of INR220 crore from Chryscapital and Ncubate Capital which allowed the company to take up organic growth and consider other opportunities for acquisitions beneficial for its operations.

Bhatia Concerning its plan to Gurpreet CEO, Livguard push for improved e-mobility, reports suggests that the company is concentrating on small commercial vehicles for lithium-ion batteries – primarily batteries for two-wheelers and three-wheelers – which will be assembled at the facility based on imported Li-ion cells.

In more recent years, the company has also been focusing on inverters and solar rooftop solutions and continues to market batteries for the aftermarket.

Battery

IOCL joint venture to make non-Li-ion batteries

I

ndian Oil Corporation Ltd (IOCL), the state-owned petroleum refining firm is all set to venture into energy storage and batteries for EVs in a tie-up with an overseas company. The venture is aimed at manufacturing batteries using materials that are available indigenously as opposed to traditional lithium-ion powered batteries.

While Li-ion batteries are a popular technology in battery world today, India does not have lithium mines. Lithium and cobalt are essential material used in batteries that power consumer electronics like cell phones, laptops and EVs – and is a lynchpin for the future of e-mobility. With this

move, IOCL intends to make batteries which can be manufactured 100 percent indigenously.

According to news reports, the new manufacturing plant will use battery chemistries which are ‘India-centric’, raw-materials which are available easily and whose recycling infrastructure in already in place in the country.

The plan is to set up the battery plant through special purpose vehicle, or an SPV, developed by IOCL and the company. Another interested player, who can lend its know-how and work collaboratively may also be brought in for this venture.

Renewable Energy

MAHADISCOM to procure 500MW RE power

T

he Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Co. Ltd (MSEDCL) reportedly filed a petition before the Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission (MERC) for approval of procurement of 500 MW power to meet its Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO). MSEDCL has also sought to procure

76 July-September 2019 •

energy storage facilities for 25 years and approval of tender documents. As per reports, MSEDCL has already contracted 9,852 MW of renewable power as of March-end 2019 and is in the process of contracting around 8,000 MW of renewable energy to meet its RPO objective.

Solar Energy

MNRE to float tenders for floating solar power plants

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olar power plants not on land, but on water surfaces may help the government in getting close to realizing its ambitious target of building 175,000 MW of renewable energy capacity by 2022. Catching up with the global trend of floating solar power plants, the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy has undertaken plans to add 10 GW of such capacity in different parts of the country.

According to industry estimates, by utilizing a meagre 10-15 percent of India’s water surfaces for solar power plant, India could generate up to 300,000MW of power. Tenders for building floating solar capacity on the Getalsud and Dhurwa dams in Jharkhand have already been called for by the

Representational pic of floating solar panels

Solar Energy Corporation of India.

Additionally, bids have been invited for 250MW floating solar plant in Tamil Nadu. Reports suggests that Uttar Pradesh cabinet recently cleared a proposal for 150MW floating solar project on the Rihand Dam, the estimated investment for which is INR750 crore. There are numerous other projects underway for installing floating solar plants in the state of Jharkhand and West Bengal.

It is important to note that while floating solar can be set up on any freshwater surface, building these on reservoirs of hydroelectric dams vastly benefits from existing transmission infrastructure and lower construction costs.

However, high turbulence in the shore or water body, corrosion of mounted solar panels which could be harmful to marine life, and high investment cost are some of the main challenges with installing a floating solar power plant.

A big advantage of solar power plant on water is that it produces 3-5 percent more power than the traditional land-mounted power plant of the similar size. Experts stress that they also help in water conservation by lowering the evaporation speed from water surfaces.

Battery

EV, mobile battery subsidy plan for cabinet approval

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he finance ministry has approved a NITI Aayog plan to subsidize manufacturing of batteries for electric vehicles and mobile phones. The proposal entailing an annual subsidy of INR700 crore will now go to the cabinet for approval as per a senior government official.

The proposal by NITI Aayog for creating 50GWh battery capacity in the country has been given the go-ahead by the expenditure finance committee (EFC), which falls under the finance ministry.

Estimates show that India would need

600GWh of battery for the next 10 years starting 2020.“The proposal will now be sent to the cabinet for approval, following which the Aayog will invite bids in December,” the official said. The plan is to award contracts soon after that so battery manufacturing plants are up-andrunning by 2022. Once battery manufacturing picks up, cost of these batteries is expected to drop to $76, or about INR5,450/ kWh from the current $276, or about INR19,800/kWh, the official said. Consequently, electric vehicles cost will be almost on par with ICE vehicles in the next few years.

• July-September 2019 77

INTERNATIONAL UPDATE Solar Hybrid

Nigeria inaugurates solar hybrid plant for its university campuses

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igeria’s solar electrification program has launched what is to be counted as the largest hybrid plant of its kind on the African continent. It was inaugurated at Bayero University Kano or BUK, and is particularly designed for universities.

Earlier in August the first megawatt-scale hybrid project went operational at Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike Ikwo (FUNAI), Ebonyi State.

Nigerian vice president Yemi Osinbajo launched the project under the country’s Rural Electrification Agency or REA for the wider Energizing Education Program, EEP. Phase one of EEP, funded by the Nigerian government, will help nine universities and a teaching hospital, while phases two and three are to be funded by the World Bank and the African Development Bank respectively.

In all, 37 universities and seven teaching hospitals will fall under this umbrella program. It will include other initiatives such as encouraging young women into STEM education and jobs. The project at BUK also includes powering of hundreds of local street lights. REA details the BUK project at 7.1 MW; combining 3.5 MWp of solar PV generation from 10,680 solar panels, 2.4MW of backup generators and 8.1MWh of battery energy storage. Both the FUNAI and BUK projects will see a substantial reduction in use of petrol and diesel generators currently used at the campuses.

Contractor METKA said the project has used modular off-grid system technology from the global power electronics and energy conversion specialist Exeron.

METKA Power West Africa president Evangelos Kamaris stated that the company “believes strongly in Nigeria and the vision of its leadership in the power sector,” praising efforts of President Muhammadu Buhari.

REA managing director Damilola Ogunbiyi said that the BUK project is Africa’s largest off-grid solar hybrid power plant and “one we, as Nigerians, should be very proud of,” adding that more than 55,000 students and 3,000+ staff at the university will benefit, while 2,850 streetlights can be powered by the solar-plus-storage solution.

Renewable Energy

Australia beats its 2020 RE target by a year

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ustralia has met its 2020 target for renewable energy a year ahead of plan, the country's clean energy regulator said on Wednesday. This is despite slowing wind and solar investments.

The target to generate 33,000GWh of power from large-scale renewable energy by 2020 was launched in 2001 by a conservative government and reduced in 2015 with bipartisan support.

Australia's total power generation is currently around 260,000GWh. The renewable energy target was achieved despite more than a decade of climate policy uncertainty in Australia

78 July-September 2019 •

which has led to soaring power prices and unreliable supply. According to the Clean Energy Regulator, a milestone was met on August 30 with the achievement of 6,400MW of largescale renewable capacity. A further 4,851MW of capacity has been committed and another 1,556MW was likely to go ahead.

Clean Energy Regulator Chairman David Parker said, "While future investment faces a number of constraints, this is by no means the end of renewable energy investment in Australia, with markets continuing to innovate and adapt to opportunities and challenges."

Grid Storage

GE wins big in large-scale renewable energy storage deal

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eneral Electric (GE) has won its largest battery deal so far to support the 200MW Solar River Project in South Australia.

The South Australian solar project deal marks GE’s venture into large-scale energy storage.

According to news reports, the 200MW Solar River plant will be combined with a 100MW – 300MWh GE Reservoir grid storage system. The project already has the Crown Development approval and is slated to start generating power by 2021.

Tesla-supplied Hornsdale Power Reserve in South Australia is currently recognized as the largest lithium-ion battery in the world, but GE’s project may soon change that. Same as Tesla’s battery, GE’s battery will provide ‘fast-reacting capacity’ for a South Australian state grid that’s experiencing ‘baseload coal retirement’ and fast growth in renewables.

A big advantage of the solar river storage system is that it will allow surplus solar generation in the middle of the day and make it available in the evening hours. This situation is win-win as the Australian competitive energy market rewards

plant owners for trading energy from times of excess supply to times of shortage.

GE’s energy storage program is well recognized for its many permutations and this deal is symbolic of the long-awaited validation for GE’s energy storage program. GE first ventured into battery manufacturing to build sodium-ion Durathon batteries. It invested $170 million in that plant but gradually slowed its operation in 2015 when the energy storage market demonstrated slow growth.

Soon after, it moved energy storage to its internal start-up, ‘Current’. The start-up focussed on commercial energy management. Due to its various offerings Current proved unwieldly to manage and the GE restructured it in 2016 and moved from storage to efficient lightning.

As per reports, as the initial ventures didn’t pan out as planned in energy storage, GE elevated its storage business to standalone unit within GE Power. The unit received dedicated funding to pursue storage projects around the world and reportedly sold 120 MWh as of 2017.

After this reboot, GE launched its new containerized energy storage product named ‘Reservoir’. This 1.2 MW, 4MWh new system marked GE’s coming into standardized, large-scale battery market. Reservoir could be shipped loaded with cells which could then be energized onsite.

The main advantage of this was that it brought down the installation time to half compared with the usual practice of loading the batteries onsite.

GE has revealed a few Reservoir deals to date, which include a gas turbine hybrid in Los Angeles Basin and a combination of solar-paired system in New York. However, the South Australian Solar River deal is GE’s first step into large-scale renewable storage.

GROW YOUR NETWORK ADVERTISE IN ETN

Contact: Ashok Thakur - M: +91 9819944543 E: athakur@ces-ltd.com • July-September 2019 79

INTERNATIONAL UPDATE ES Incentives

California sets aside $100 million in energy storage incentives for wildfire resilience

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alifornia regulators want to direct $100 million in state energy storage incentives to a new class of disadvantaged customers: those living in areas at the highest risk of deadly wildfires. The California Public Utilities Commission issued a proposed decision last week on the ‘equity budget’ within the SelfGeneration Incentive Program (SGIP) - the state’s main incentive program for behind-the-meter batteries. The proposed decision would direct $100 million from SGIP’s equity budget for multi-hour batteries attached to rooftop solar systems. The set-aside is aimed at vulnerable households, critical medical services facilities, and low-income solar program customers in high-fire-threat districts. That, along with the potential to supply critical infrastructure with solar-storage systems, is likely to make for an attractive target market for solar and energy storage developers like Sunrun and Tesla. Last year, California’s legislature extended the SGIP for five more years and provided about $830 million in total funding.

SGIP’s equity budget offers higher incentives than the mainstream program for behind-the-meter battery installations, from 35 cents to up to 50 cents per watt-hour. California has faced a public policy challenge for years now to tackle its increasingly deadly wildfires, fuelled by expanding human development, hotter and drier conditions caused by climate change. More deadly are the fires caused by utility power lines, such as the Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E) transmission line that started November’s Camp Fire, which killed 85 people and caused an estimated $12 billion in damage. PG&E’s bankruptcy in the face of tens of billions of dollars of liabilities from various fires has galvanized state lawmakers. Over the past year, California has passed laws to both strengthen utility safety and fire-prevention measures and insure them against future wildfire-liability-driven bankruptcies.

Meanwhile, the CPUC and utilities have drastically widened the scope of potential ‘public safety power shutoff’ events, or grid de-energizations. While this is an effective means of preventing power lines from starting fires, it could also leave hundreds to tens of thousands of customers without power for an undetermined time.

Utility efforts to build energy storage or backup generation for high-fire-risk areas haven’t moved quickly.

Solar Energy Storage

Ameren Missouri first to power homes with stored solar energy

U

tility Ameren Missouri said it has filed plans with the Missouri Public Service Commission (MoPSC) to set up three grid-scale solar facilities with energy storage. It will be the first time that an energy company in the US Mid-West state powers the customers’ homes with batteries. Ameren Missouri, which is a subsidiary of Ameren Corporation, said it will invest around $68 million in the solar parks. “If an outage is detected, solar energy stored in batteries will help keep your lights on,” the company said via a short publicity film released on Twitter. The plants will be built in Green City, Richwoods and Uticah, dotted around the mostly-rural state. Each plant will be of 10MW solar PV capacity and an unspecified output and capacity of battery energy storage. The video claims that the plan to build the solar capacity with batteries is an “innovative, cost-effective solution to help maintain reliable energy service in rural communities”.

Along with a Smart Energy Plan, the company also launched its first-ever community solar facility. It allowed customers to sign up to buy solar energy generated in 100kWh blocks at Ameren Missouri Lambert Community Solar Centre. With upgrades on transmission networks, energy security is boosted to cope with severe weather. An 80 percent reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from 2005 levels, by 2050, with interim targets for 2030 (35 percent) and 2040 (50 percent) is part of the plan. The goal here is to retire more than half of Photo Credit: Bryce Gray Ameren Missouri’s coal power plants over the next 20 years. Meanwhile, an ambitious wind energy target for the utility to own at least 700MW of new wind generation by the end of next year is paired with a more modest solar PV target - adding 50MW of solar generation by 2025 and then rapidly climbing to 100MW installed in the following two years.

80 July-September 2019 •

EVENT INFORMATION

Engagements India

International

India Energy Storage Week

EnTech

To mark World Energy Storage Day celebrated on September 22, India Energy Storage Alliance will be organizing events to create awareness about energy storage – EV technology and R&D forum on September 23, 2019. The objective is to learn, share and encourage new research and development in advanced energy storage and EV technologies in India which will make India a global hub for R&D and manufacturing of advanced energy storage and EV technologies by 2025.

EnTech, the leading summit in the UK addressing the real impact of technology and innovation on the energy value chain will be held in London this year. The conference will serve as a gathering of like-minded people keen on understanding the real impact of technology is on the energy sector. EnTech will look at technology as an enabler, as well as a disruptor and how the energy sector can make the right choices for a secure future.

Date: September 23, 2019

Date: October 8 – October 9, 2019

Venue: India Habitat Centre, New Delhi

Venue: 99 City Road, London

Website: www.indiaesa.info/events/ india-energy-storage-ev-technology-and-r-d-forum

Contact: https://entech.solarenergyevents.com

NuGen Mobility Summit 2019

Japan Solar + Energy Storage 2019

NuGen Mobility Summit to showcase disruptions in mobility sector will be held from November 27 to November 29, 2019. The three-day summit will host conferences, track events and exhibition in which manufacturers, suppliers and service provides will showcase their products and services and researchers, policymakers, industry leaders will discuss new trends and innovations in auto-industry. The event is organized by the International Centre for Automotive Technology in collaboration with SAE-NIS.

The 2nd Japan Solar + Energy Storage 2019 will be held in Osaka, Japan. It is a large-scale business networking platform between public and private stakeholders in the Japanese solar value chain. The event will lay the groundwork for the development, investment, and partnership across all industrial peers, and is expected to bring together 800+ Participants, 70+ Speakers, 100+ Gov/ Utility/Investor/EPCs, 20+ Consulting companies and other third-party associates.

Date: November 27 to November 29, 2019

Date: October 28 – October 29, 2019

Venue: Manesar, NCR

Venue: Hyatt Regency, Osaka

Website: www.indiaesa.info/events/ nugen-mobility-summit

Website: https://www.leader-associates.com/jses

Smarter E India (Intersolar India) The Smarter E India Exhibition and Conference will be held in Bangalore, Karnataka starting November 27 to November 29, 2019. The three-day event will include discussions and parallel exhibitions on cross-sector energy solutions and technologies and reflects the interaction of the solar, energy storage and electric mobility industry.

Date: November 27 - November 29, 2019 Venue: Bangalore International Exhibition Centre Website: www.thesmartere.in/en/ the-smarter-e-india#c185665

Global Energy Conclave The Global Energy Conclave will be organized by the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) on 20 November 2019 at The Lalit, New Delhi. The conclave will aim at showcasing the Indian energy sector to the international global market.

The conclave will include topics for discussion such as: Growth Path of Renewable Energy, Moving Towards Gas Based Economy, Financing the Growth of Energy Sector, Make in India in Energy Sector, India’s Electricity Distribution Companies and more.

Date: November 20, 2019 Venue: The Lalit, New Delhi Website: http://www.gexpo.in

Energy Storage North America The Energy Storage North America, Conference and Expo will be held in at the San Diego Convention Center, United States. In its 7th year now, the conference aims to celebrate the role innovation plays in developing energy storage technology, markets, and business models. The event will bring together some of the biggest names in the industry with over 100 speakers from over 30 + countries and 2500 + attendees.

Date: November 5 – November 7, 2019 Venue: San Diego Convention Center, US Website: https://esnaexpo.com

4th Annual ASEAN Solar + Energy Storage Congress & Expo 2019 The 4th Annual ASEAN Solar + Energy Storage Congress & Expo 2019 – a government backed regional energy event will be held in Manila, Philippines. The event officially endorsed by the Philippines’ Department of Energy, Energy Regulatory Commission, National Power Corporation and the Manila Electric Company, co-organized by Asian Photovoltaic Industry Association and Philippine Solar and Storage Energy Alliance will guidee businesses to look into ASEAN renewable energy markets and identify the key issues in ASEAN’s context.

Date: November 14 - November 15, 2019 Venue: The Bellevue Manila, Manila, Philippines Website: http://www.giiconference.com/lead794522

• July-September 2019 81

COMPANY & ADVERTISER INDEX / IMPRINT AESA

21

IOCL

76

Amara Raja

54

ION Energy

75

Ambri

40

Irish ESA

22

Ameren Missouri

80

Ampower

52

LG Chem

47

ARE

14

Livguard Energy Technologies

76

Argonne National Labs (ANL)

68

Mahindra Electric

46

BYD India

74

METKA Power

78

Cadex Electronics

62

Ncubate Capital

76

Ceramatec

52

NEDO Japan

24

Chryscapital

76

NGK

51

CNESA

12

Revolt Intellicorp

61

Delta Electronics

48

Schneider Electric

76

Exicom

31, 54

SsangYong

47

Tata Motors

44, 75

Exide Technologies

55

FIAMM

52

Ford Motor Company

50

The Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution

General Electric

52

Co. Ltd (MSEDCL)

76

Hyundai KONA

48

TRUMPF

66

i-EM

58

US-ESA

16

Bry-Air (Asia) Pvt Ltd

03

IESW

08

Delta

02

MOVE

65

47

Okaya

84

Ross Process Equipments Pvt Ltd

06

ETN-Subscription Form IESA

53, 83

Tesla Gigafactory

7

IESA-Market Overview Report 2018-2026

27

SB Energy-SoftBank Group

04

IESA Report 'book your copy'

69

TRUMPF India Pvt Ltd

19

IESA

India Energy Storage Alliance

Chief Editor and General Manager Publications: Ashok Thakur Consulting Editor: Nishtha Gupta-Vaghela Consulting Editor: PK Chatterjee (PK)

Printed and Published by Netra Rahul Walawalkar on behalf of Customized Energy Solutions India Private Limited. Printed at Unique Offset, 1523, Sadashiv Peth, Anandshlip, Pune - 411 030 and Published at Office No. 501, Fifth Floor, S. No. 249/50, G-O square building, Kaspatewasti, Wakad, Pune - 411 057.

Editor: Ashok Umeshchand Thakur

Contributing Editor: Kathy Priyo Assistant Editor: Shraddha Kakade Corporate Communications: Swati Gantellu Design Consultant: SP Snehal President – IESA & MD, CES India: Dr Rahul Walawalkar Executive Director IESA: Debi Prasad Dash

82 July-September 2019 •

***Any views, comments expressed are the sole responsibility of the respective authors, Emerging Technology News and Customized Energy Solutions (CES) and their co-operation partners do not undertake any responsibility, implied or otherwise. Any actions, legal or otherwise, OR causing any form of harm (physical or otherwise) made by permanent, temporary and honorary staff will be their sole responsibility!

Disclaimer: Every effort has been taken to avoid errors or omissions in this magazine. In spite of this, errors may creep in. Any mistake, error or discrepancy noted may be brought to our notice immediately.

It is notified that neither the publisher nor the editor will be responsible in respect of anything and the consequence of anything done or omitted to be done by any person in reliance upon the content herein.

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