TC. No: MAHENG14436 VOLUME 1 – ISSUE 2 • APRIL-JUNE 2019
PAGES 76 INR 150
Raising Emobility in
Rising India
33 52
INSIDE TECHNOLOGY 44 46
An IESA Initiative
68
Moving Onwards Vehicle Electrification
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CONTENTS Volume 1 – Issue 2 • April-June 2019
28 33
15
10
24 26
26 Energy Storage
07 Expert's Note 09 From The Editor 10 ARAI Connect
Emerging battery technologies for energy storage
28 Gigafactory
Tesla’s manufacturing marvel
32 Cover Story
Raising Emobility in Rising India
12 National Update
39 Financial Snippets
15 Neo Entry
40 Industry Response
16 Company Update
20 International Update 23 Flash Track 24 Interview
Potential battery alternatives show promise
25 Subscription Form 4 April-June 2019 •
Budget 2019: the EV surge
44 Leadership Speak
Fastrack entry in EV two wheeler segment
46 Inside Technology
Hydrogen Fuel Cells: evolving towards clean energy carriers
Understanding the performance degradation of batteries: Main considerations for pack developers
44
INDUSTRY RESPONSE
60
40 64
62
66
72
52 Awards Review
66 Global Growth
IESA Industry Excellence Awards
60 Partnership
IESA to work together with World Bank
62 Smarter E Europe
Energy storage - the key to the world's energy transition
64 ES Market
The European energy storage market is an essential enabler for decarbonisation
Developments & trends in China’s energy storage industry
68 Research Report
India Energy Storage - Market Overview Report 2019-2026
70 Policy Update 72 EV Roundtable 73 Event Information 74 Imprint / Company & Ad Index • April-June 2019 5
EXPERT'S NOTE
Mind mapping the EV roadmap A
Dr. Rahul Walawalkar President & MD, CES President, IESA & Chair, GESA
“Dream, Dream, Dream. Dreams Transform into Thoughts and Thoughts result in Action.” – Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam
s you read this issue of ETN, NITI Aayog has launched the National Mission for Transformative Mobility and Battery Manufacturing. This is a major milestone for India and we are grateful to all the stakeholders who have supported IESA’s vision of ‘Making India a global hub for R&D and Manufacturing of advanced Energy Storage and EV technologies’. We have a long way to go, but the clear commitment from GoI to this vision in the form of NITI Aayog’s mission, as well as the concrete steps announced in the 2019-20 Budget, will give industry leaders a big boost of confidence. Now is the time to get down to work; each of us needs to focus on our piece of contribution. Transforming India from a market place for imported batteries to an R&D and manufacturing hub will require inputs from academic institutions, industries, financial entities as well as state governments. Over the past 50 years, India has demonstrated an ability of achieving total transformation in a given sector within a span of 10 years. These include the Green Revolution (agricultural sector) in the 60s, followed by the White Revolution (milk industry) in the 70s, IT / service sector transformation in the 90s and the telecom revolution in the past decade. The current decade -2015 to 25- can achieve a similar transformation in the electric grid sector, and 2020-30 can also simultaneously transform the transportation sector through EVs. We have already had a great start for the electric grid transformation: over the past five years, India has demonstrated the amazing achievement of going from less than 1 GW of solar PV to 30 GW of solar PV in the grid. We have connected more than 200 million people who have never had access to grid electricity and there are number of ways in which the next five years can see a major change in improving grid reliability and power quality. While we achieve this transformation, the Battery Manufacturing focus can also attract over $3 billion of investment over the next 3-4 years. We are also looking forward to working closely with the policy makers to bring better clarity on the National Energy Storage Roadmap, and need to focus on improving our track record on implementation. We have tough competition from around the globe, as almost every region has identified energy storage manufacturing as a national energy security priority. We believe that collectively, we have the capability to rise to this challenge. ETN looks forward to documenting this journey and highlighting technologies as well as people and companies behind the emerging technologies instrumental in this transformation. There are number of non-believers, who think that this vision is just a dream. But as former president, Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam said to me in a message in 2001: “Dream, Dream, Dream. Dreams Transform into Thoughts and Thoughts result in Action.”
• April-June 2019 7
FROM THE EDITOR
Toward a Smarter future M ay in Munich was definitely better than the sweltering heat back home. What was even cooler was to be a part of the Smarter E Europe 2019 – an innovation hub for new energy solutions held every year. It was heartening to see companies like TESLA, CATL, SAMSUNG, SOLARWATT display their offerings at the exhibition. Indian exhibitors included Okaya Power and SECI at ees Europe and many other Indian companies at Intersolar. ETN was privileged to be associated with the event as Indian media and meet important stakeholders from the sector. What held my attention was not only the excitement of being a part of the international gathering, but the realization that the whole world is waking up to the cause of clean energy. The avid participation from all over is evidence that the world is looking at alternative, renewable, sustainable energy solutions. Such global events are important industry platforms to meet and exchange ideas and see the products all under one roof. In October this year, India’s very own RE-INVEST a leading international event by MNRE will bring global energy players to the Indian shore, to explore investment opportunities and promote renewables for sustainable energy. Global warming is now a global warning, and the wake-up call has long been sounded. Nations are coming together for a cleaner and greener earth. All are putting their efforts toward clean energy and gradually doing away with fossil fuel/coal-based energy. The Paris Climate Agreement signed by 197 countries, is a testimony to that commitment. As a signatory, India too has vouched to reduce its CO2 emission by 35 percent in the next 10 years. As usual, this issue brings you news on emerging technology products, services and companies. Do not miss the IESA Industry Excellence Awards review and our e-mobility special. Energy storage and EV are sunrise sectors that are poised to bring new generation leaders and start-ups in the limelight. In this issue we are introducing columns that will regularly focus on new entrants (Neo Entry) and industry captains (Leadership Speak). We have also started a column by ARAI that will give us updates on e-mobility and related issues. Enjoy your read. Finally, let us be responsible stakeholders of an industry that is going to measure the future in green footprints. Advancement in technology should help conserve natural resources; progress at the cost of nature is a bad bargain.
Ashok Thakur Chief Editor athakur@ces-ltd.com
Global warming is now a global warning, and the wake-up call has long been sounded
• April-June 2019 9
ARAI CONNECT
ARAI’s CoE gears up for EV assessment as per FAME II
A
ANAND DESHPANDE Deputy Director & Head Automotive Electronics Department, ARAI
RAI - Automotive Research Association of India - the premier research and certification institute in the country, has geared itself to support the automotive industry in the development of EVs, their evaluation and certification. Towards this purpose, ARAI has set up a comprehensive stateof-the-art Center of Excellence (CoE) for electric vehicles (2W, 3W, passenger cars, buses, commercial vehicles) and for their components such as traction batteries, motors, controllers, chargers, etc. ARAI has undertaken the eligibility assessment of EV models from OEMs as per FAME II requirements, and has extended approvals to 15 models.
The GoI approved Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric & Hybrid Vehicles (FAME) India Phase II, with a total outlay of INR10,000 crore over the period of three years, is being implemented with effect from 1 April 2019. This scheme is the extended version of the FAME India Phase 1 which was launched on 1 April 2015, with a total outlay of INR 895 crore. The main objective of the scheme is to encourage and accelerate the adoption of electric and hybrid vehicles by way of offering upfront incentives on their purchase. It also promotes the setting up of necessary charging infrastructure for electric vehicles. Together this will help in addressing the issue of environmental pollution and fuel security.
Salient features of FAME II • Emphasis on electrification of public transportation which includes shared transport • Demand incentives on operational expenditure model for electric buses will be delivered through State/City Transport Corporation (STUs) • In the 3W and 4W segments, incentives will be applicable mainly to vehicles used for public transport or registered for commercial purposes • In the e-2W segment, the focus will be on private vehicles • Plan to support 10 lakh e-2W, 5 lakh e-3W, 55000 e-4W and 7000 e-buses • To encourage advanced technologies, the benefits of incentives will be extended to only those vehicles that are fitted with advanced batteries like a Li-ion and other new battery technologies. The quantum of incentive is proportional to the energy content of the battery employed in the vehicle • Proposal to increase charging infrastructure, whereby about 2700 charging stations will be established in metros, in other one-million plus cities, smart cities and cities of hilly states across the country. The aim is to ensure the availability of at least one charging station in a grid of 3 km x 3 km • Establishment of charging stations is also proposed on major highways connecting major city clusters • On such highways, charging stations will be established on both sides of the road at intervals of about 25 km each
This regular column by Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) will feature updates in the field of Energy Storage and Emobility. ARAI is an automotive R&D organization set up by the Automotive Industry with the GoI, and is an autonomous body affiliated to the Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises. It has been playing crucial roles assuring safe, less polluting, more efficient and reliable vehicles.
10 May-June 2019 •
NATIONAL UPDATE RE Sector
MNRE organizes ‘Chintan Baithak’ for RE stakeholders
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inistry of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE) recently conducted a ‘Chintan Baithak’ with the stakeholders of Renewable Energy (RE) sector in New Delhi. The ‘Baithak’ (meet) was chaired by Anand Kumar, Secretary, MNRE. The meet was well appreciated by the industry
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stakeholders that included representatives from major RE developers, equipment manufacturers, financers, regulators, think-tanks, industry bodies and skill developers. Various emerging issues related to the RE sector viz., solar, wind, bio-energy, small-hydro, regulatory issues, bidding & pricing, demand forecasting, financing of RE projects, energy storage, Make in India, skilling India’s RE work force etc., were discussed in the meet. Also, various policy interventions were suggested for the sector by the stakeholders. MNRE will consider the suggestions received in the meeting. Praveen Kumar, Additional Secretary, MNRE and other senior officials of the Ministry were also present at the meet.
Workshop
IIT takes initiative to boost knowledge of SPV manufacturing
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he National Centre for Photovoltaic Research and Education (NCPRE) at IIT Bombay will conduct a 3-day Workshop on Theory and Technology of Silicon Solar Cells from September 26 to 28, 2019. Silicon PV technology dominates the global PV market with more than 95 percent of the market share. With the Government of India announcing policies to encourage domestic manufacturing of PV system components in the country, excellent opportunities for high tech employment generation in the PV sector in the
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12 April-June 2019 •
country is anticipated. Meanwhile, research and development efforts to improve the efficiency of solar cells and lower the cost continue. NCPRE is the premier research centre in the field of PV in the country, with a very active research program in the field of silicon PV. NCPRE has developed 6 inch X 6 inch silicon solar cells with active area efficiency of 21.3 percent. The workshop will focus on topics like: 1) Introduction to the physics of semiconductor devices (band diagram, optical absorption, generation-recombination, transport, pn-junction diode characteristics); 2) Theory of silicon solar cells (characteristics of silicon solar cell, design of silicon solar cells - optical design, junctions, passivation, impact of these parameters on solar cell characteristics, IV measurements, quantum efficiency measurements); 3) Fabrication of low - cost industrial full area Al - BSF and local area Al BSF (PERC) silicon (both mono and multi) wafer solar cells; 4) Simulation of solar cell using PC1D: a practical session; 5) Loss analysis of solar cells: a practical session; 6) Luminescence imaging and Light Beam Induced Current (LBIC) characterization of Si wafer & solar cells for process, device development and diagnostics; and 7) Advanced silicon solar cells.
Battery Import
MNRE clarifies cells & batteries import regulation
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eferring to the earlier notifications dated September 5, 2017 and thereon, the Ministry of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE) has recently clarified that the secondary cells and batteries of lead-acid and nickel based chemistries are covered under ‘Storage Battery (IS 16270)’ listed in the Solar Photovoltaic Systems, Devices and Components Goods (Requirement
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for Compulsory Registration) Order 2017 notified by MNRE vide notification no. S.O. 2820 (E) dated September 5, 2017 and subsequent notifications thereon. The MNRE order covers six products including SPV modules, inverters & storage batteries, for quality control in solar projects in the country. MNRE has further stated that the secondary cells and batteries of lead-acid and and nickelbased chemistries are covered under ‘Storage Battery (IS 16279)’ listed in the above mentioned order, which are used in the solar power projects utilizing SPV systems. Such import may be allowed subject to IEC 61427 certification of the product and certificate issued by MNRE and an undertaking from the vendor or supplier that the products will be utilized for SPV power projects in the country only. For applications other than solar, the concerned agency importing such batteries may produce the relevant documents to customs for the use of batteries including the orders for supply in the country, and submit an affidavit that the imported batteries are not to be used on solar applications.
Off-Grid SPV
MNRE nods on connecting old off-grid solar plants
R
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esponding to the various requests from the State Nodal Agencies or the Implementation agencies under Off-grid and Decentralised Solar PV Application Programme for allowing the old off-grid solar PV power plants to be connected to the grid, MNRE has declared its decision. According to the information available from the government’s end, “It has been with approval of Competent Authority that the places where off-grid solar power plants were earlier installed and reliable grid supply is now available with net-metering provision, such plants can be connected with the grid as it will lead to optimal utilisation of assets. However, conversion to grid connected system of such plants is subject to applicable regulatory provisions and cost of such conversion will be borne by the concerned State Government or beneficiary departments.” • April-June 2019 13
NATIONAL UPDATE Solar Project
Partnership to mobilize debt financing for distributed solar energy
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ecently, the U.S.-India Clean Energy Finance (USICEF) initiative, India’s first project preparation facility to scale up distributed solar power projects and drive long-term financing, signed on a new partner, PTC India Financial Services Limited (PFS). PFS is a Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC) registered with the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), in New Delhi.
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USICEF is managed by Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) and was founded in 2017 in partnership with the Indian Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, OPIC, IREDA, and leading U.S. Foundations. USICEF supports early-stage projects to scale up, de-risk and become investment-ready. It leverages public and philanthropic funds to catalyze private investment into distributed clean energy in India. In just over two years, USICEF has identified 25 promising distributed solar power projects across more than 18 states in India and deployed a total of $3.5 million in grant-based funding to these projects. PFS has sanctioned and processed three distributed solar power projects with an aggregate debt amount of INR242 crore, of which approximately INR39 crore is outstanding in the books. The company is actively looking at new distributed solar power proposals being implemented by reputed developers under various schemes. As part of this search, PFS has partnered with USICEF to leverage these funds for the most promising, investmentready distributed solar projects in India.
Supercapacitor
IIT Mandi’s work opens up new potential
A
s India is going for mass scale solar deployment as well as e-transportation, the demand for energy storage or batteries is increasing at an exponential rate. However, the challenge with the traditional batteries lies in the fact that they take a long time for recharging. Addressing this challenge,
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14 April-June 2019 •
Viswanath Balakrishnan, Associate Professor, School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, and his research scholar, Piyush Avasthi, have recently come out with an amazing development. The duo has developed aligned carbon nanotube-based electrodes that could enable high energy supercapacitors. According to Balakrishnan, “It is a high potential development to improve the performance of energy storage devices as far as the charging time is concerned, however, to use the potential, people will have to accept supercapacitors beyond batteries. Although supercapacitors can be charged and discharged very fast, and they can work very efficiently till the end of one lakh cycles, and they show more power density than the batteries, only one shortcoming in their function is low charge density. A supercapacitor has forty times less ability to store energy than a state-of-theart lithium-ion battery.
NEO ENTRY
(L to R): Anmol Jaggi, Punit Goyal, Amitabh Kant and Mahesh Babu at the Blu-Smart launch
Blu-Smart: India’s first all-electric cab service
‘
Blu-Smart’ a unique, connected, all-electric ride sharing service in India, was launched by Gensol Mobility (a subsidiary of Ahmedabad-based renewable energy services provider, Gensol Group) in partnership with Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd. As a part of this strategic partnership Blu-Smart Mobility will induct 70 Mahindra eVerito premium sedans in the first phase, across Delhi/National Capital Region (NCR) including Gurugram, Noida, Greater Noida, Ghaziabad, Sonepat and Faridabad. The venture began services on World Environment day with Amitabh Kant, CEO-NITI Aayog flagging off the Mahindra eVerito sedans in New Delhi. According to reports Gensol Mobility has invested over INR50 crore in capital expenses and is setting up 65 charging stations across NCR, with each station having up to 20 charging points. Blu-Smart is India's first ondemand mobility platform that will be multi-modal, surge price free, convenient assured service; covering the entire value chain
of smart mobility, smart charging and smart parking. Citizens of Delhi / NCR will now be able to book allelectric rides using the BluSmart Mobility app (available for download on Android devices and coming soon for Apple users). Within the first year of operations, this service has the potential to save over 2,200 metric tons of CO2 emissions in the National Capital Region, equivalent to planting over 10,000 trees. In addition to the environmental benefits, Mahindra EVs come fully loaded with Next Generation Mobility (NEMO) connected features that will help operators optimize their fleet usage. Commenting on the development, Mahesh Babu, CEO – Mahindra Electric, said, “Mahindra’s electric vehicles have already crossed the landmark figure of 100 million electric kilometres, which in turn has helped to save over 11,000 metric tons of CO2 emissions across the country. Today, we are proud to flag off
our zero-emissions, all-electric Mahindra eVerito sedans and make them available on the BluSmart App. This marks another big step forward in the electric mobility revolution in India. Our partnerships with fleet operators are aimed at increasing the large-scale adoption of electric vehicles in the country, helping bring a positive change in consumer’s daily commutes.” Punit K Goyal, Co-Founder - Blu Smart, said, “Blu-Smart will change the way Delhi will commute. It is bringing together the world’s most innovative mobility concepts under a single mobility platform – RideSharing, CarSharing and SharedCharging. We soon plan to also commence long-distance intercity allelectric rides.” Blu-Smart will add 500 more Mahindra eVeritos to its all-electric fleet by April 2020 and expand to other cities like Mumbai and Pune. (This section will feature new entrants – start-up companies, projects or JVs – in the ES, Emobility and Renewables sector.)
• May-June 2019 15
COMPANY UPDATE Solar Module
Waaree Energies rolls out the Next Gen Solar module in India
W
aaree Energies Ltd, has launched India’s first 400Wp cut cell module series called Super 400 which is touted to be the future of rooftop solar. The Super 400 series is a Mono PERC Module with a 400Wp output, and the Super 400 Pro Module, which is a Bifacial module with up to 30 percent higher output.
In case of partial shadow, the Super 400 series provides enhanced power output, i.e. over 50 percent higher than regular best-in-class modules. Manufactured at Waaree’s 1.5 GW module manufacturing plants in Gujarat, the module has a life of minimum 25 years, and it comes with Waaree Energies’ maintenance and service.
The module has been indigenously developed to give impetus to the growth of the rooftop solar segment. These modules can be deployed with the lowest inter row spacing within a power plant, and hence, the area required for the installation of Super 400 Series modules is less by 5 to 20 percent than that required by other modules.
EV Charging
Panasonic rolls out EV charging service
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anasonic has launched its smart EV charging service in India called ‘Nymbus’. Nymbus is a unique technology platform by Panasonic India's concentrated R&D efforts, designed and developed to cater to the growing mobility market in India. It’s a futuristic charging service that combines physical components such as charging
A press photograph of Panasonic’s Nymbus
16 April-June 2019 •
stations, swap stations, on board charges, telematics systems and the virtual components like cloud service, analytics, intuitive dashboard, and AI to deliver a one-stop solution. As part of the first phase, Panasonic has partnered with two electric mobility service providers SmartE and qQuick whereby Panasonic will be
deploying its EV charging service on 150 SmartE electric 3W and on 25 qQuick 2W in the Delhi NCR region. The solution is poised to help individual EV users, EV fleet owners, e-commerce and logistics companies to manage their fleet more efficiently. It will and also help utility providers, vehicle, equipment and battery manufacturers to understand the user patterns and calibrate the products and services accordingly. Manish Sharma, President & CEO – Panasonic India, said, "At Panasonic, our unending quest for innovation, guided by our philosophy of ‘A Better Life, A Better World’ inspired us to take the lead and develop this innovative EV charging solution. With the launch of the EV charging service, Panasonic for the first time is venturing into the service domain in energy and eMobility. We are creating an integrated common platform to cater to unmet needs of multiple stakeholders, and enable faster adoption of EV in the country."
Solar Project
Fourth Partner Energy completes over 3,000 kWp solar projects in Telangana
F
ourth Partner Energy has commissioned eight solar projects with a capacity of 3,116 kWp in the state of Telangana. This is a part of an initiative by the Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI) to increase renewable energy adoption across government offices, under its 1,000 MWp Grid-Connected Rooftop Solar PV System scheme. The projects have been implemented across prestigious institutions like the National Institute of Technology (NIT), Warangal; Prof. Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University (PJTSAU); Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA); and select BSNL and CRPF offices. In Telangana, the scheme provides for government offices to switch to solar power at zero
capital costs, and avail electricity at a flat rate of INR 3.14/unit for 25 years; which will eventually result in average savings of 50 to 60 percent in their cost of power consumption. The largest of these SECI projects is at NIT with an operational capacity of 1,000 kWp. In Hyderabad, PJTSAU’s installation has a capacity of 717 kWp. Vivek Subramanian, Co-Founder & ED – Fourth Partner Energy, said, “We are proud to be associated with all these projects in our home state and endeavor to work towards Telangana achieving its solar energy targets. These projects will not just result in cost savings for the clients, but also cut carbon emissions by around 4,500 tons annually, which is equivalent to planting over two lakh trees in India’s youngest state.”
Lithium Sourcing
KABIL to acquire its first overseas Li reserve
K
ABIL, the proposed Joint Venture (JV) for which three Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) – National Aluminium Company (NALCO), Mineral Exploration Corporation Ltd (MECL) and Hindustan Copper Ltd (HCL) – had signed the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) in 2017, is going to start its operation soon. According to sources, the JV is eyeing on acquiring some lithium reserves overseas. Representatives from the parent companies have already spotted some reserves in Chile, Peru and Bolivia. Besides lithium, KABIL will also focus on sourcing some strategic minerals including tin, tungsten, titanium, gallium, tantalum, cobalt, niobium, selenium and indium. KABIL could not start its full-fledged operation till now owing to some pending approvals, it is expected that by this June the parent companies will sign the final JV agreement, and within the next six months they will acquire some targeted foreign reserves through KABIL. Nalco has a 34 percent stake in KABIL, while other two companies have 33 percent each.
A view of Fourth Partner Energy’s installed solar plant in NIT, Warangal
• April-June 2019 17
COMPANY UPDATE Hybrid Technology
MG Motor unveils India's first 48V hybrid SUV
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G (Morris Garages) Motor has recently rolled out ‘Hector’ – India's first internet car with 50+ connected features. The MG Hector is equipped with 19 exclusive features that make it the new benchmark in its segment.
With internet inside, the next-gen i-SMART technology in the Hector promises to deliver safe, connected and fun experiences with the biggest HD touchscreen in its segment at 10.4 inches. The Hector will also be the first car with sophisticated
MG Hector 11 - racing ahead of the curve and innovating to deliver what people want
48-volt mild-hybrid architecture. With this, MG Motor becomes the first mainstream carmaker in India to bring 48V technology to the mass market segment. The 48V mild hybrid technology is the latest global environment-friendly engine technology that enables reduction in petrol engine emissions. A 48volt Li-ion battery helps store energy and provide extra torque assistance of up to 20 Nm when required, resulting in a smoother drive. "The MG Hector, as India's first internet car, has been built with a high level of localization and comes power-packed with features, inside-out. As MG's first offering in India, the Hector demonstrates our commitment to provide the best cars to Indian customers, that they love and appreciate," said Rajeev Chaba, President & MD – MG Motor India.
New Contract
TPREL wins 100MW solar project from GUVNL
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ata Power Renewable Energy Limited (TPREL), a wholly owned subsidiary of Tata Power, has received a Letter of Award (LOA) from Gujarat Urja Vikas Nigam Ltd (GUVNL) on May 28, 2019 – to develop a 100MW solar project in Raghanesda Solar Park of Gujarat. The energy will be supplied to GUVNL under a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) valid for a period of 25 years from the scheduled commercial operation date. The company
18 April-June 2019 •
has won this capacity in a bid announced by GUVNL in March 2019. The project has to be commissioned within 15 months from the date of execution of the PPA. Speaking on this achievement, Praveer Sinha, CEO & MD – Tata Power, said, “We are proud to announce that we have been awarded 100 MW Solar Project in Gujarat, and are thankful to the Government of Gujarat and the officials at GUVNL for this opportunity. We are delighted
to contribute towards the realization of our country’s commitment towards clean and green energy through solar power generation.” After bagging this contract, TPREL's capacity under implementation would become 500 MW, which is in addition to the operating capacity of 2,268 MW. The plant is expected to generate 250 MUs of energy per year and will annually offset approximately 250 million kg of CO2.
INTERNATIONAL UPDATE Battery Cell
Volkswagen invests in joint battery activities
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Centrica's research team will develop and demonstrate how hybrid battery storage technology could help tackle various challenges
Centrica
Centrica Business Solutions partners with US DoE
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entrica’s distributed energy and power business, Centrica Business Solutions, will partner with the United States Department of Energy’s (DoE) National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) on a trial that aims to explore the integration of multiple energy storage technologies, including second life batteries from electric vehicles. Working from NREL’s Energy Systems Integration Facility (ESIF), the research team will develop and demonstrate how hybrid battery storage technology could help tackle various challenges to the grid, including renewable intermittency and emergency back-up power. The project will also use Centrica’s proprietary battery storage and control systems to manage new and second-life batteries as a single unit, which can then be used to bolster the infrastructure to support commercial EV charging. Centrica Business Solutions has already delivered several pioneering battery storage projects in Europe including the 49MW Roosecote battery in Cumbria, which is one of the largest storage facilities in Europe. The business has also partnered with battery supplier Tesla and the Belgian Transmission System Operator, to deliver the first large-scale, multi-asset Virtual Power Plant to stabilize the European power grid. 20 April-June 2019 •
olkswagen AG is investing some €900 million in joint battery activities with Northvolt AB. Part of the sum is intended for a joint venture with the Swedish battery cell producer; a further share will go directly to Northvolt AB. In return, Volkswagen will acquire about 20 percent of the shares in Northvolt AB. Furthermore, a 50/50 joint venture to build a 16 GWh battery cell factory in Europe is planned during the course of this year, to be tentatively located in Lower Saxony (Salzgitter). Construction of the production facility is scheduled to start, at the earliest, in 2020. Battery cell production for Volkswagen is slated to commence around the end of 2023 and beginning of 2024. Dr. Stefan Sommer, Member of the Volkswagen AG Board of Management responsible for Procurement, said, “Volkswagen is laying the groundwork at all levels for the successful implementation of its electrification strategy. With Northvolt, we have now also found a European partner whose know-how and sustainable CO2-optimized battery cell production processes will enable us to advance cell production here in Germany. The prerequisite for this is, of course, the creation of the necessary economic framework.” Under its electrification strategy, the Volkswagen Group’s annual capacity requirements in Europe alone from 2025 are in excess of 150 GWh; demand on a similar scale is expected in Asia. Northvolt is a European supplier of sustainable, high-quality battery cells and systems. The company is currently setting up pilot production of battery cells and a battery cell production facility with an initial capacity of 16 GWh in Sweden.
Storage Project
DEF plans 22MW of electricity storage
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uke Energy Florida (DEF) will build three battery storage projects, totaling 22MW that will improve overall reliability and support critical services during power outages. Collectively, the storage facilities will enhance grid operations, increase efficiencies and improve overall reliability for surrounding communities. They will also provide important backup generation during power outages, a service that is becoming increasingly important with the
Manufacturing
OXIS Energy to start mass production of Li-S cells
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XIS Energy is set to establish the first ever manufacturing plant for the production of electrolyte and cathode active material, specifically for the mass production of lithium-sulfur cells. The plant will be built at the Kenfig Industrial Estate, Port Talbot in Wales. OXIS has signed a 15-year lease with United UK Real Estate Investment Industrial Holdings Limited to develop the plant. The plant is expected to generate several hundred jobs within the next ten years. The electrolyte and cathode active material, which is currently at Manufacturing Readiness Level (MRL) 8, will be produced for worldwide export. The plant will supply to the OXIS Energy Brazil Holding’s manufacturing plant, which has been jointly set up between the State Government of Minas Gerais and OXIS Energy UK. OXIS will retain its R&D activity in the UK. However, it will collaborate with Codemig, a wholly owned company controlled by the State of Minas Gerais, to jointly exploit lithium rock deposit for the production of world class lithium metal, which is used by OXIS for its Li-S cells. The company is currently working on the design of the Brazilian Plant with NORDIKA Pharmaceutical of Brazil. It is also collaborating with other European companies, such as Siemens AG who have expertise in digital manufacturing and cyber security.
number and intensity of storms that have recently impacted Florida. As the grid manager and operator, DEF can maximize the versatility of battery technology to include multiple customer and electric system benefits, such as balancing energy demand, managing intermittent resources, increasing energy security and deferring traditional power grid upgrades. "These battery projects provide electric system benefits that will help improve local reliability for our customers and provide significant energy services to the power grid. DEF will continue to identify opportunities in battery storage technology, which will deliver efficiency improvements to our customers," said Catherine Stempien, State President - DEF.
A sketch of the proposed Whitelee battery site
Wind Farm BSS
ScottishPower to set up battery storage for UK’s Whitelee wind farm
T
he UK is all set to start one of its biggest battery projects. The Scottish Government has recently approved ScottishPower plans for UK’s largest wind farm – Whitelee. Charged with clean and green renewable power from the site’s 215 turbines, the planned battery storage centre will support the National Grid in maintaining the resilience and stability of the electricity grid, even at times when the wind may not be blowing – a first for a wind farm in the UK at this scale. The battery storage site will be the size of half a football pitch and will comprise 50MW of Li-ion battery technology, which is the most cost-effective storage technology for renewable electricity. Its planned storage capacity makes it the largest wind farm battery in the UK, capable of achieving full charge in less than an hour. This means it will be on standby to provide services like reactive power and frequency response to the National Grid, enhancing control and flexibility. The battery can be fully discharged or used in bursts as and when required to keep the electricity network stable by balancing supply and demand. The battery will also enhance the capability of storing excess energy from wind generation at times when demand is low or wind is high – for instance at night, and releasing at time of high demand and lower wind.
• April-June 2019 21
INTERNATIONAL UPDATE Megawatt-Class Battery
BASF, NGK enter sales partnership agreement
B
ASF New Business GmbH (BNB), a whollyowned subsidiary of the German chemical group BASF; and Japanese ceramics manufacturer NGK Insulators Ltd have entered into a Sales Partnership Agreement (SPA). The agreement gives BNB non-exclusive rights to sell NGK’s NAS battery via BASF’s global channels. Both partners expect a synergistic effect from the broad business activities of the other. NGK’s NAS battery is world’s first commercialized megawatt-class battery, which has the capacity to store large amounts of electricity for hours. The NAS battery system boasts of an array of superior features, including larger capacity, higher energy density and longer life compared with other battery technologies. These features are beneficial
for stationary applications – in contrast to Li-ion batteries that are suited to deliver high power over shorter periods. The NAS battery system supports the increasing integration of inconsistent renewable energy sources – such as wind and solar – into the grid. It also enables deferral of transmission upgrade, because the electricity does not have to be transmitted immediately after being produced but can be discharged on demand. Furthermore, NAS batteries are used for the stabilization of electricity supply and emergency power supply for industrial customers and micro/off grids. Through these applications, NAS battery helps in reducing energy costs and environmental load. “NGK has more than 15 years’ experience in both the manufacture of NAS batteries and their deployment at customers’ sites. Based on our technical expertise gained by own development in recent years, sodium-sulfur technology fits ideally to the requirements of the emerging market for longduration energy storage systems. The NAS battery from NGK enables BASF to enter the energy market and offer customers a reliable, proven solution,” explained Dr. Frank Prechtl, Director - Business Build-Up E-Power-Management of BNB GmbH. “NGK was the first company worldwide to commercialize the NAS battery system and has delivered NAS battery systems to about 200 locations worldwide with a total output of more than 560 MW and a storage capacity of 4.0 GWh. We are delighted to be able to use BASF’s worldwide distribution network, which will allow us to achieve much higher market penetration,” said Tatsumi Ichioka, General Manager - NAS Battery Division, NGK.
Business Deal
ABS takes over Bosch’s battery assets
I
n a latest development, a recently incorporated company called American Battery Solutions Inc. (ABS), has stepped into buying Bosch's testing lab assets for high-voltage batteries. Besides buying a 172,000-square-foot Bosch plant in Ohio, the company is set to take over the lease of its 40,000-square-foot plant and office complex in Lake Orion to convert that into its headquarter. Although the commercial figures associated
22 April-June 2019 •
with the deal are yet to take air, eyeing on the middle of the spectrum of battery systems value chain, including module production, pack assembly and customer integration, the Founder & CEO of American Battery Solutions (ABS), Subhash Dhar is targeting at commencing operations as soon as possible. The complete transaction, including acquiring of the ownership of the Ohio plant, is expected to be over by September this year.
FLASH TRACK Power Capacity
Power Minister focuses on the current power scenario
I
n a written reply to the questions from Rajya Sabha, RK Singh, Union Minister of State for Power, has recently informed that “based on the present preparedness of projects, the likely power
RK Singh, Union Minister of State for Power
generation capacity addition from 2019 to 2022 is to be 1,31,316 MW.” As on May 31, 2019, India’s total installed power generation capacity stood at 3,56,817.6 MW. Singh also informed that in 2018-19, the total Indian electrical energy requirement stood at 1274.59 Billion Units (BU) against a supply of 1267.52 BU. The peak demand during 2018-19 was pegged at 177.022 GW and the supply reached 175.528 GW, which means a shortage of just 0.6 percent. Contextually, the ‘National Electricity Plan – Generation’ charted in January 2018, projected the peak demand would be 226 GW at the end of 202122. Also, the energy requirement was estimated at 1,566 BU by the turn of the same period. The Plan projected peak demand at 299 GW and energy requirement at 2,047 BU at the end of 2026-27.
Governance
Govt nods for setting up Dispute Resolution Committee
W
ith a view to accelerating the development of the solar and wind energy projects, RK Singh, Union Minister of State for Power and New & Renewable Energy (IC) and Skill Development & Entrepreneurship has approved a proposal to set up a Dispute Resolution Committee to consider the unforeseen disputes between solar/ wind power developers and SECI/NTPC, beyond contractual agreement. Pointing to the importance of this step that the solar and wind industry had been demanding for quite some time, Singh explained that the move will give further fillip to the smooth implementation of solar and/or wind energy projects in India. It fulfils
a long pending demand of the industry to resolve expeditiously, unforeseen disputes that may arise beyond the scope of Contractual Agreements. The issue was considered and it was felt that there is need to erect a transparent, unbiased Dispute Resolution Mechanism, consisting of an independent, transparent and unbiased Dispute Resolution Committee (DRC), for resolving the unforeseen disputes that may arise in implementation of contractual agreements and also for dealing with issues, which are beyond the scope of Contractual Agreements between solar power developers/ wind power developers and SECI / NTPC.
Power Plan
Govt to prepare five-year-roadmap for power
A
s a step to prepare the power sector road map for the country, the power minister, Raj Kumar Singh is going to meet all the stakeholders in July. As per the available information, the meeting will help the government to prepare the ‘Vision Document for Power Sector for the next Five Years’. It will also focus on emerging issues related to power generation
utilities (conventional and renewable), transmission (including the green energy corridor), green energy integration and distribution. It is expected that representatives from ministries of power, MNRE, CEA, Coal, Railways, PSUs, energy secretaries of the states and discoms, financial institutions, lobby groups and other experts will attend the meeting. • April-June 2019 23
INTERVIEW
Potential battery alternatives show promise There are several candidates for replacement of the Li-ion battery, but the challenges they pose need to be addressed and their suitability needs to be assessed. Technological adjustments, cycle life reliability, and high cost are some of the issues that require attention before the popular Li-ion can be upped. Adoption of some suitable alternatives may be difficult but hold potential for the future, says battery expert Prof Arumugam Manthiram, Director-Texas Materials Institute, Director-Materials Science and Engineering Program in a short interview with Ashok Thakur, Chief Editor-ETN, on battery options for the future... What are the potential battery technologies which could replace today’s Li-ion battery in the near future? What is the current status and how far are we from commercialization of metal-air, Li-S batteries? Whether an alternative battery technology can replace Li-ion technology depends on the application. For portable electronic devices and electric vehicles, user time or driving range between charges is the primary factor, so how much energy the battery can store in a given volume or weight is critical.
For portable electronic devices and electric vehicles, there are not many alternative technologies to replace Li-ion technology in the next few years. Sodium-ion batteries are a possibility, but they generally store less energy than Li-ion batteries. For grid storage, cost and cycle life are critical and not energy density, so alternative technologies, such as sodiumion, aqueous metal-air, and redox flow batteries are potential candidates, although further indepth work is needed to make them viable. Lithium-sulfur batteries are appealing for any of these applications, but they have
“Energy storage is critical for the future of India, and there is no other choice. There needs to be a clear commitment from the government together with a national mission” Prof Arumugam Manthiram
24 April-June 2019 •
some serious challenges that could potentially be addressed as we move forward. Only time will tell.
Your views on advancements in hybrid capacitors (combining with a battery electrode and a capacitor electrode) and fuel cell on portable and transportation applications. Hybrid systems consisting of batteries and super-capacitors are a possibility for electric vehicles as the battery can address the energy requirements and super-capacitors can address the power requirements. However, much work needs to be done to integrate them and assess their suitability. On the other hand, fuels cells on their own can support transportation, but they suffer from numerous technical challenges as well as prohibitively high costs, so their adoption in the near future is extremely difficult.
Challenges associated with solid-state battery for future EV application. Solid-state
batteries
have
certain advantages such as increased safety, but they have a few critical challenges. Some challenges are large-scale manufacturability of solid electrolytes, lack of solid electrolytes with adequate property/performance requirements, sluggish interfacial charge transfer at the electrodeelectrolyte interface.
How useful are machine learning techniques to predict battery life and safety? Machine learning techniques can be useful in predicting battery life and safety, but more data needs to be collected to establish their reliability as we move forward.
How well India is placed in state-of-the-art research on different storage technologies, as compared with leading global institutions?
In my opinion, India is behind in energy storage technologies compared with some of the other leading countries. Energy storage is critical for the future of India, and there is no other choice. There needs to be a clear commitment from the government together with a national mission. Government, public sector, national laboratories, industry, and academic institutions need to come together with a clear commitment to accomplish the goal.
In your opinion, which battery technology would be best suited for EV applications (4W, Bus) as per India’s climatic conditions? Currently, there is nothing to beat Li-ion batteries. They are the prime candidates for EV applications in India as of now.
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“Whether an alternative battery technology can replace Li-ion technology depends on the application”
[Apart from editing several energy and technology related journals and magazines, Prof Manthiram is also Director of the Texas Materials Institute and the Materials Science and Engineering Program, Joe C. Walter Chair in Engineering, and Jack S Josey Professor in Energy Studies]
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• April-June 2019 25
ENERGY STORAGE
Emerging battery technologies for energy storage Energy Storage is the future. Over the last decade, the use of batteries has increased drastically and newer avenues are coming up. With new applications for storage solutions on the rise, nascent battery technologies are evolving rapidly to keep pace. There is a need to look into different technologies to support the growth of energy storage...
A
large number of battery technologies are available in the market. The conventional battery technology like the lead acid battery is still good for residential and industrial applications. The advantages in this type of battery is the low cost ($100- 200/kWh), it has no major safety issues and can deep discharge. The drawbacks, on the other hand, are a short life (300 1000 cycles i.e. 2-3 years of life), low specific energy (35-50 Wh/ kg), limited depth of discharge (up to 50 percent), thermal
Source: DOE/EPRI 2013 Electricity Storage Handbook
ARJUN BHATTARAI CTO VFlowtech Pte Ltd
runaway (performance and life degrades as battery heats up and as temperature changes) and disposal issues, as lead is toxic. Lead carbon batteries are an improved version of lead acid batteries, and provide long life and fast charging/discharging. Li-ion batteries provide higher energy density (80-240 Wh/kg), are compact in size, fast charging and hence are best for portable applications and for electric vehicles. However, Li-ion and lead acid batteries are designed to discharge for 3-4 hours only. For storage applications requiring long hours of backup, Li-ion and lead acid batteries are not suitable. Further, safety issues like fire hazard associated with the Li-ion batteries are still a concern over their use in large-scale storage.
Positioning of different types of storage technologies with respect to power and backup requirements.
26 April-June 2019 •
In terms of cost of energy storage, one should consider not only the battery or module cost but also the cost for power control system (PCS), battery management system (BMS), balance of the plant, fire suppression system, airconditioning, etc. Therefore, Li-ion batteries can cost from $350-800 /kWh for energy storage applications, based upon the size and configuration of the system. In recent years several new application areas for batteries have opened up that require large-scale batteries for storage and grid balancing applications (as shown in the figure). Flow batteries are suitable for energy storage applications requiring long hours of backup, ranging from a few hours to several days. As power (in kW) and energy capacity (in kWh) are separated, the battery capacity (or discharge time) can simply be enlarged by filling more liquid into the tanks and the power capacity can be increased by increasing the battery stacks. Flow batteries usually offer a long life and stable capacity, but low energy density makes them more suitable for use in stationary applications. Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRFB) is one of the proven and commercially available flow battery technologies ideal for applications in micro-grids, grid balancing, electric vehicle charging stations, etc. Worldwide, about 1 GWh of VRFB has been installed and is in operation.
Since Vanadium at different oxidation states is stored in two separate tanks, there is no detrimental effect of cross mixing of the electrolyte. The battery stacks are made of graphite electrodes and polymer membranes, and no components are consumed or degraded during the operation. Therefore the lifetime of the battery is more than 20 years (>10000 cycles) and provides a stable performance (no capacity decay) over its lifetime. Pricewise, VRF batteries are available $1000/kWh for small to medium systems and $500/kWh for MWh level systems. Due to the long life of VRF batteries, the levelled cost of energy storage is the cheapest compared with other battery types. The major supply of Vanadium currently comes from China, and due to the recent rebar policy in China the price of Vanadium is on the higher side. However, once the price settles down, this technology can be one of the cheapest in flow batteries. Since Vanadium is a commodity and can be recovered 100 percent from the used battery, a leasing model is being developed to eliminate the upfront cost
burden to developers and users. Zinc bromine hybrid flow batteries are emerging as a suitable technology for residential, telecommunication and other energy storage markets. This battery is good for deep discharging and provides a stable performance for 10 years. However, the use of Halide chemistry and the need of routine maintenance of this battery are the drawbacks. In large-scale energy storage applications, technology requiring frequent and long duration maintenance also adds extra cost and necessitates the redundancy plan. In terms of price, zinc bromine batteries are available at $1000/kWh. Iron chromium and all iron flow batteries are other type of flow batteries available at low cost; but they have limited installations and their long-term performance in the field has to be evaluated. Sodium sulphur batteries are also available for large-scale energy storage applications. They have high energy density, high roundtrip efficiency and long life, but they need high temperature (>300oC) for operation and have a safety risk associated with
sodium. Rechargeable zinc air batteries are also emerging as a low cost option at $100 /kWh battery for energy storage with long hours of discharge capability, high energy density (450 Wh/l) and a good performance of over 10000 discharge hours. The drawbacks of this battery are low power density, relatively short life, low roundtrip efficiency and the requirement of preventive maintenance. In conclusion, wide variety of batteries is available in the market. The selection of batteries depends entirely upon the application and one should consider various factors such as capital cost, LCOS, lifetime, efficiency, depth of discharge, footprint, etc, for selecting the right battery technology. The Li-ion battery is a market leader for its portable applications and for the electric vehicle. Lead acid batteries are still good for residential and industrial applications. Flow batteries are suitable for largescale energy storage applications requiring long hours of backup and heavy-duty cycles. Among them Vanadium Redox battery is one of the suitable candidates for renewable integration.
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• April-June 2019 27
GIGAFACTORY
Tesla’s manufacturing marvel When Elon Musk announced on April 30, 2015, the vision of Tesla Gigafactory, most of the industry experts were amazed with the scale and ambition set forth by the maverick entrepreneur. Now, in little over 4 years, Tesla is already manufacturing over 25GWh of batteries at the Gigafactory for both the Tesla EVs and stationary storage systems. Advanced technology, vertical integration, local recruitment, clean and bright workplace supported by renewable energy…Tesla is changing the way EV and energy storage factories look, function and produce.
DR. RAHUL WALAWALKAR President, IESA MD, CES India
I
n the last few years, the art of world class manufacturing has drastically changed and its direct influence has given birth to a few newgeneration factories. Tesla’s
Aerial view of Tesla’s factory in Fremont, California
28 April-June 2019 •
factory in Fremont, California is one of the world’s most advanced automotive plants, with 5.3 million square feet of manufacturing and office space on 370 acres of land.
Prior to Tesla, the facility was home to GM from 1962 to 1982, then GM and Toyota’s New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc (NUMMI) from 1984 until the partnership ended in 2009, and the factory closed in 2010. Tesla purchased the empty facility in 2010; invested over $3 billion to modernize and complete the factory which builds the Tesla EV. At the outset, the management with powerful insight on the factors influencing productivity decided to brighten what was once a dark, enclosed space. Tesla added skylights to provide workers with natural light and painted the floors with white epoxy to create a clean work environment. The facility also hosts an employee training center, cafeteria and food trucks, gym, 24/7 in-house medical center, and outdoor patios.
Robots manufacturing Tesla
The great management philosophy Each and every piece of the over 550,000 Tesla vehicles on the roads worldwide today, including Model S, Model X and Model 3, has been built in the Fremont factory. One of the most interesting facts of Tesla manufacturing system is its vertical integration. The Fremont facility utilizes of over 3000 robots and selfnavigating Autonomous Indoor Vehicles working along with a highly skilled workforce. Most of these robots have been given their own unique names from X-Men and Avengers super heroes such as Xavier, Wolverine, Storm and Vulcan. With many of the car’s components being made in-house through vertical integration, Tesla can now produce almost any part of the car at will, which has enhanced their in-house capabilities. Tesla management believes that ‘machine that builds the machine’ is important for their company’s long-term success.
The great idea that governs all the practices in Tesla is – thinking about a factory in the same way that people think about the product itself creates the potential for a step change in manufacturing – that will create enormous benefits in terms of quality, cost, efficiency and factory safety. This is all about having factories that are producing the world’s highest quality cars as quickly and as cost-effectively as possible, and with as close to zero injuries as they can possibly get. Notably, over 3,000 Tesla employees work at the Fremont factory in California. Tesla hired many of the employees who were previously working at the NUMMI factory. The Tesla Gigafactory in Nevada is expected to hire over 10,000 employees when fully operational. Currently over 90 percent of Tesla employees at Gigafactory 1 are from Nevada. The factory is estimated to create between 20,000 and 30,000 additional jobs in the surrounding regions. • April-June 2019 29
GIGAFACTORY Only 30 percent of the Gigafactory 1 has been built so far. Once complete, Tesla expects the Gigafactory to be the biggest building in the world – and it will be powered by renewable energy sources such as rooftop solar that is expected to cover the entire roof of the giant factory.
View of Tesla production line
Glimpses of production
CES team visting Tesla’s factory in Fremont, California
A few facts about the Gigafactory 1 Tesla broke ground for Gigafactory 1 in June 2014 outside Sparks, Nevada. The company hosted the factory’s grand opening in July 2016. The current footprint of more than 1.9 million square feet houses 5.4 million square feet of operational space across several floors. Panasonic is the chosen partner to build the cell manufacturing, while Tesla is focusing on building the battery packs and EVs. The facility is being built in phases so that Tesla can begin manufacturing immediately inside the finished sections, and continue to expand thereafter.
The Gigafactory 1 is changing the cost structure of battery manufacturing by moving the supply chain and end-to-end manufacturing process under one roof. The facility produces Model 3 electric motors and battery packs, in addition to Tesla’s energy storage products, Powerwall and Powerpack. In mid-2018, Gigafactory 1 battery production reached an annualized run rate of roughly 20 GWh, making it the highest-volume battery plant in the world at that time. Consequently, Tesla currently produces more than 26 GWh of batteries from the plant for internal use; while most of the other car manufacturers are happy buying from battery suppliers from China and Korea. The productivity of existing lines is continuing to improve with operational stability, and a lot of hard work from the engineering teams. With the Gigafactory ramping up production, Tesla’s cost of
battery cells will continue to decline through economies of scale, innovative manufacturing, reduction of waste, and optimization of locating most manufacturing processes under one roof. By reducing the cost of batteries, Tesla can make products available to more and more people, allowing Elon Musk to make the biggest possible impact on transitioning the world to sustainable energy. Tesla is also working on the Gigafactory 2 in New York that is focusing on manufacturing the Solar Tiles to complete the dream of having the complete ecosystem of homes powered by Tesla’s own Solar Tile, using Tesla’s ‘PowerWall’ to store the energy for household use and also powering the Tesla EVs. The Gigafactory 3 is getting built in China and Elon has set a vision to building additional Gigafactories around the world to meet the growing need. We and number of Tesla fans from India are hoping that with the recent launch of National Mission for Transformative Mobility and Battery Manufacturing by NITI Aayog, India could be the home for the Gigafactory 4 in near future.
(This article is an account of the author’s recent visit to Tesla’s Gigafactory 1 in Nevada, USA.) 30 April-June 2019 •
COVER STORY
Raising Emobility in
Rising India
32 April-June 2019 •
'Clean mobility powered by clean energy is our most powerful weapon in our fight against climate change.' – Narendra Modi A statement that aptly describes the EV scenario in today’s world. More so in India, where the EV revolution is about to take shape and how. From 2-wheelers to buses, transformative mobility is going to be the clarion call for a clean, green and sustainable economy.
I
ndian roads ply over 210 million cars, 2W, 3W and transport vehicles; a figure that has grown by more than 20 percent in the last five years. Going by this, in the next three decades this number will reach an estimated 600 million – a worrying statistic that indicates not only over-congestion on the roads but also alarming levels of pollution. India needs a new mobility mantra; on the lines of prime minister Modi’s vision of the mobility future of India being based on 7Cs – common, connected, convenient, congestion-free, charged, clean and cutting-edge. Emobility could well be the all inclusive catalyst that could enhance and speed up India’s green revolution. The e-mobility sector in India is looking up, what with the government putting its full force behind the initiatives. At the Economic Times Global summit held in New Delhi earlier this year, prime minister Modi said – “We want to make India a world leader in electric vehicles and energy storage
NISHTHA GUPTA-VAGHELA Consulting Editor ETN
Hon'ble Prime Minister Narendra Modi
devices.” The Union Cabinet has prepared a well-defined segment wise outlay for localization of the production of battery cells & amp; packs and EV components under phased manufacturing program (PMP).
India is one of the key signatories of the Paris Climate Agreement 2016 and will need to reduce emission level by 25 percent by 2030.
The recently announced Faster Adoption and Manufacture of Electric Vehicles (FAME) scheme phase II framework proposes subsidies for EVs, charging stations and related facilities as a part of the government’s e-mobility program. The scheme envisages the holistic growth of EV industry that includes providing for charging infrastructure, research and development of EV technologies and indigenous manufacturing. Total fund requirement for this scheme is INR10,000 crore over three years from 2019-2022. Allocation of close to INR1,500 crore for 2019-20, INR5,000 crore in 2020-21, and INR3,500 crore in 2021-22 has • April-June 2019 33
COVER STORY
Electric Two Wheeler Market In India The Electric two wheeler market has gained significant momentum as compared to last financial year. So far, the market is mainly dominated by low speed electric two wheelers with conventional lead acid batteries. Government has now removed the low speed E2W’s under FAME-2 scheme and the message is very clear that it will subsidize only E2W’s which can compete with conventional two wheelers in terms of performance.
E2W Sales Volume, India
140000 120000
Units
100000 80000 60000 40000 20000 0
2015-16
2016-17
2017-18
2018-19 Source: Auto Car, SMEV
we seem to be thinking that the same people who now produce diesel cars will be the ones producing the EVs in the future. That need not be, and if we allow policy thinking to expand beyond current OEMs, then a lot more things can be done. This is likelier to happen in the commercial vehicles segment first, and then more slowly for cars. Perhaps by 2025, we will hit high volumes of annual production.”
Two wheeler scenario
been earmarked. Of the total allotment, INR1,000 crore is for setting up charging stations for EVs, to be set up along highways at intervals of about 25 km. The two main factors that have led to a greater emphasis on e-mobility are environmental pollution and fuel security. In a report published by NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India), in collaboration with RMI (Rocket Mountain Institute), the e-mobility program promotion and implementation in India could save as much as 1 gigaton of carbon emissions between 2017 and 2030, and approximately $60 billion in annual diesel and petrol costs in 2030. Environmental concerns and depleting energy sources have become global issues. There is an urgent need to make a paradigmatic transition from energy expending to energy saving systems. There is a gap that needs to be covered and it needs to be done fast. India can no longer take contemplative steps; it is the time to leapfrog toward change. Emobility would be a positive jump in that direction. 34 April-June 2019 •
Both central and state governments are actively pushing the deployment of EVs by announcing various incentives and subsidies, and schemes to encourage EV manufacturing in India. However, the whole initiative is yet to take off on the fast track due to factors like lack of adequate charging infrastructure, and on the flip side need for enough EVs on the road to justify the investment required to build up the infrastructure. While transition to EVs for personal usage like cars is yet to find ground, adoption of EVs in the 2W and 3W segments is catching on fast. Government is pushing e-mobility in commercial use like public transport, including taxis and buses. Speaking on the government’s role in the e-mobility movement and the time it will take for this space to mature, Ashwin Mahesh, Co-founder of Lithium Urban Technologies said: “There's not a whole lot that governments can do, besides opening up imports. The availability of vehicles is still an issue, and that's because
The government's think tank, NITI Aayog, is proposing a ban on all 2W of 150 cc and below displacement. It is also proposing electrification of most motorcycles and scooters within the next six to eight years to curb pollution and reduce dependency on fossil fuels. This has created a bustle among 2W manufacturers to develop and make next generation electric 2W. Perhaps it is a bit too early to expect a drastic change - though it is the need of the hour - because it involves the development of an entire ecosystem, including charging requisites and effective supply chain. But there's no denying that the 2W industry is definitely heading towards complete electrification. India is the world's largest 2W market, and in 2018-19 as many as 2.1 crore motorcycles and scooters were sold up to March 2019. There has been a gradual increase in the number of electric 2W in the country, but the mainstream manufacturers have yet to show keenness. On the other hand, new entrants like Ather Energy are a few steps ahead, with advanced technologies like cloud connected diagnostic tools, and smartphone connectivity, in the company's two electric scooter products. Ather also has a dedicated in-house charging network called the Ather Grid, which is being offered in cities
per the industry estimation, these 500+ players together are approximately selling 12000 to 15000 units of ICAT-approved e-rickshaws on a monthly basis in different parts of the country. NITI Aayog’s proposed plan to phase out 3W powered by IC engines by 2023, might add further fillip to the sale of electric 3W. But industry watchers feel a straight on ban may not yield immediate results till the electric infrastructure is fully developed. Last year, Exicom’s partnership with Kinetic green was to supply 1000 Li-ion battery packs for 3W. Trontek has supplied close to 1000 Li-ion battery packs for e-rickshaws and Sun Mobility has partnered with Smart E to provide battery swapping solution for 500 e-3W. E-rickshaws are gaining popularity for short-distance commute across the country. Quieter, faster, cleaner and cheaper to maintain than a conventional auto-rickshaw; the e-rickshaws are proving more cost-effective as they enable multiple rides in a day. Electric 3W or auto rickshaws are India’s best bet yet to kick-start the vehicle electrification plan.
where the company has its presence. Then there is Okinawa Autotech, which is one of the first manufacturers to have fulfilled the FAME II requirements, and get ARAI approval for two of its electric scooters. Companies like Ampere Electric and Hero Electric are majorly selling the low-speed versions of electric 2W. There are also others like Twenty Two Motors and the recently launched BattRE, based in Rajasthan.
The E-Rickshaw stand Another important e-mobility proponent that is going to lead the electric transition on its three wheels is the humble auto-rickshaw. India has 1.5 million battery-powered, three-wheeled rickshaws and according to consulting firm A.T. Kearney, almost 11,000 new e-rickshaws are introduced every month with annual sales expected to increase by about nine percent by 2021. The e-rickshaw market in India is evolving rapidly at a higher pace in different parts of the country since 2013. As per the International Centre for Automotive Technology (ICAT), 500+ registered players are there in the market. As
E4W Personal Vehicle Market in India As per the analysis done by CES, the market for electric cars in India is expected to open after 2023-24 as the cost of electric cars would be comparable with the conventional cars. Currently, the sales are limited to 1200-1500 units on a yearly basis due to high initial cost, lack of availability of charging infrastructure, & lack of availability of options in the market. This market is expected to grow up to 5% of sales of cars in 2024.
Breakeven analysis of e20 vs its equivalent ₹ 800,000
Cost of vehicle(INR)
₹ 700,000 Assumption: Battery price $ per kWh = 350 in 2017
₹ 600,000 ₹ 500,000 ₹ 400,000
Assumption: Battery price $ per kWh would decrease every year by 10% whereas price of BOS would decrease by 5%
₹ 300,000 ₹ 200,000 ₹ 100,000 ₹2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
Price of Mahindra e20
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
Price of e20 equivalent Source: IESA analysis
Electric Vehicles Sales in India (last two years) Type Two-wheelers Three-wheelers Four-wheelers
2018
2019
54,800
1,26,000
2,50,000
6,30,000
1,200
3,600
The 4-wheel drive India is among the top five auto markets in the world, but the government has made little headway in its efforts to promote private electric car ownership. The 4W or cars segment might perhaps be the least responsive or the slowest to catch up with global electric car transition. The reasons are manifold; most importantly the development of the right charging set-ups, especially at residences of private owners. Some believe that the impetus will come from the developing ecosystems around the other e-vehicle categories. The government is keenly looking into Industry inputs by car manufacturers and is taking contemplative steps; perhaps hesitant to disturb the industry that contributes about seven percent of the total GDP as per a Bloomberg NEF report. The Case for Electric Mobility in India, May 2018, by TFE Consulting GmbH states: “India is the fifth largest car market in the world and has the potential to become one of the top three in the near future – with about 400 million customers in need of mobility solutions by the year 2030. The current trajectory of adding ever more cars running on expensive, imported fuel and cluttering already overcrowded cities suffering from infrastructure bottlenecks and intense air pollution is unfeasible. A transportation revolution will have many components – better ‘walkability’, public transportation, railways, roads – and better cars. Many of these ‘better cars’ will likely be electric.” • April-June 2019 35
COVER STORY Developing EV Policy Scenario in India 2015
2013 National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP 2020)
4
2017
FAME - I
3
- Karnataka EV policy
- Telangana draft EV policy
5
2018
6
2019
- Maharashtra EV policy - Amendments in Model Building Byelaws by MoUD - UP draft EV policy - PMP - Phased Manufacturing Plan for EV’s & its components - Andhra Pradesh EV policy - FAME-II scheme - Kerala EV policy - Uttarakhand EV policy - Delhi draft EV policy - Clarification on requirement of license to operate EV charging station by MoP - Guidelines & Standards for setting up of public charging infrastructure by MoP
Several fleet operators have launched or are planning to launch electric cars. If you see the way of adoption then the market is currently opening at B2B level as the TCO (total cost of ownership) is currently making sense at that level only. Eight companies have so far launched a fleet of vehicles out of which Lithium Cabs - Bangalore, has the largest fleet of 600+ vehicles followed by Zoom car having 300+ cars on road.
Shared and public mobility move Another vehicle category that is viable in the adoption of electrification is public transportation. Government’s FAME II also majorly focuses on deployment of electric buses in a phased manner. An electric public transport system will go a long way in helping India reduce its carbon footprint and achieve substantial reduction of carbon intensity. In this aspect, the state governments have been more active in introducing schemes that include e-buses in the mix of smart city components. The most prominent of these have been Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh, Kerala, Delhi, 36 April-June 2019 •
Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Andra Pradesh and Telangana; having launched EV policies with allocation of funds for buying e-buses. Despite government interest and awareness of environmental benefits, the acceptance of
electric and hybrid buses has been slow on the pick-up. The primary reason being high costs; the average cost of hybrid or electric buses is 3-4 times higher than diesel buses. The most expensive component of an electric bus is the battery pack. The Li-ion batteries used in these vehicles are not manufactured in India and have to be imported. The government is very staunch in its move to promote battery manufacturing in India. It has also launched unique financial models with subsidies for procurement of electric buses. The central and state governments have also chalked out schemes to develop infrastructure, regulations and an entire ecosystem for electric buses. Key areas being addressed are standardizing charging station interfaces, regulations for selling power, safety standards, and allotting space for setting up of charging stations.
Considering that the cost of batteries is one of the main factors of difference in acquisition of electric vehicles and traditional vehicles, the Demand Incentive would be based on battery capacity (energy content measured in kWh) used in such vehicles. As a rationalised approach, the Project Implementation & Sanctioning Committee (PISC) has proposed to extend uniform Demand Incentives @ Rs 10,000 / kWh for all the vehicles. However, for buses the initial uniform maximum Demand Incentive applicable will be Rs 20,000 / kWh, which is subject to review and revision by PISC. For electric buses, this will be provided only on OPEX model. The disbursal will be through the city or state transport undertakings. In order to give greater emphasis on providing affordable and environment friendly public transportation options, the schemes will be applicable mainly to vehicles used for public transport or those registered for commercial purposes in 3kW, 4kW and bus segments.
The changes taking place in this space have been encouraging. Most importantly price reduction of key components like Li-ion batteries due to indigenous manufacturing will further make e-buses the most costefficient way for intercity travel. Bus manufacturing giants like Tata and Ashok Leyland have been the first to introduce electric versions of their buses on Indian roads. Not far behind are others like the Mahindra Group and VE Commercial Vehicles (VECV) - a Eicher Motors-and-Volvo tie-up, and newcomers like Olectra, JBM and Adani.
Defining infrastructure and storage solutions While there have been positive signs of growth in the adoption of e-mobility, the common refrain across segments has been the need for adequate and convenient charging infrastructure. Other factors that will have a bearing on the widespread acceptance of EVs include incentives for mass consumer acceptance of products, and cost effectiveness. Expressing his views on EV infrastructure preparedness,
The GoI has categorically stated that it is not going to subsidise the imports to promote EVs in India. With a view to promoting domestic manufacturers, a Phased Manufacturing Roadmap has been prepared keeping in view the present status of manufacturing ecosystem in the country, wherein through graded duty structure, indigenous manufacturing of EVs, their assemblies or sub-assemblies, and parts or subparts or inputs of the sub-assemblies shall be promoted over a period of time. Under this programme, the government has made it mandatory to assemble battery packs in India from 1st July 2019 to avail incentives under FAMEII scheme. For rest of the components, a clear timeline has been defined on the basis of current manufacturing capability and technical knowhow available in India. According to the available information from ARAI, so far only 12 models have been registered as per the criteria of FAME- II.
Karthick Athmanathan, Head of EV & eMobility Solutions - Ashok Leyland, said: “We are tempted to say that, for passenger vehicles especially owned by individuals, the charging infra should be the first to come; but would not want to comment more on this segment as we have no business
EV Policy Stakeholders in India
• • •
National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMPP 2020) FAME-1 FAME-2
• Green license plate for electric vehicles • Amendments in CMVR Rules • Retro-fitting of existing public vehicles to hybrid.
• •
• • •
Committee on technical aspects of EV Charging (ETD: 51) To prepare Indian Standards for electrotechnical aspects of totally or partly electrically propelled road vehicles.
National Mission on Transformative Mobility & Battery Storage. Model Concession Agreement for Operation & Maintenance of Buses (Opex Model)
Amendments in Model Building Byelaws for setting up charging infrastructure. Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) Specifications for Urban Buses (UBS-II Guidelines).
• Nodal agency on Policy, & Planning for roll out of public charging infra as per MoP guidelines. • Created a Public Charging Station database as per MoP guidelines.
• Clarification on requirement of license to operate EV charging station. • Guidelines & Standards for setting up of public charging infrastructure.
• Launched a grand challenge for developing the Indian standards for the electric vehicle charging infrastructure.
• Finalized AC & DC Charging standards (AIS 138) • Certification of FAME-2 compliance
interests in this area. For the Commercial Vehicle segment, as is the practise globally, we have no need to be concerned since the initial phase will demand and implement projects with simultaneous enablement of the Charging Infra and the vehicles. Unlike private vehicles, this is a non-issue for CV’s at least for the first few years of the ecosystem developing.” In 2018, showroom prices of EVs – whether a car, bus, 3W or 2W - were still 40 to 100 percent higher than conventional vehicles. The main drivers are the expensive batteries and peripheral electronics, which make up about 50 percent of total EV cost. Factors that will influence faster adoption of EVs in India include: ∞ Low battery costs ∞ Efficient charging infrastructure ∞ Effective business models ∞ Favorable policies and subsidies • April-June 2019 37
COVER STORY India had about 425 publicly available charging points at the end of last year. By 2022, government and private efforts are expected to boost that to an estimated 2,800 charging points, according to BNEF. Another method of charging on the go is ‘battery swapping’, in which the bus stops at a charging station and gets a new battery and moves on while the old battery is taken out and charged. This, along with fast charging depots could form an ideal combination for recharging needs. Currently most of the expensive battery packs are imported to India from countries like China and Japan. In view of the government’s emphasis on ‘make in India’ and subsequent incentives to promote inhouse manufacturing and technologies, India seems to be well positioned to make its own batteries, but will still have to continue depending on other countries to source raw materials like metals. Talking about the challenges the domestic battery market is facing, Anshul Gupta, Director – Okaya Power, said, “The indian Battery industry is ready to expand further and grow year on year like never before due to the push for EV’s and switch to lithium in other sectors too. Lithium and lead; both, will coexist and both will grow. To match the growth we only have to create the following ecosystem that will govern much of its success. ∞
∞
∞ ∞
Recycling in India of lithium based batteries to complete the ecosystem and bring in buy back options for buyers Skill Development of the youth – highly required for lithium and EV charger space Indigenous product preference Better and efficient grids
38 April-June 2019 •
Smart grids, meters, micro grids and ESS will become the need of the future. We only need to connect all our plans of EV, Charging stations with more focus on grids stability and smart efficient grids to cater to our increasing consumptions. If we focus on these, I’m sure we will set an example for the entire world like we have done in the solar sector.” The growth of the domestic EV market will provide the right opportunity for development and manufacturing of the entire battery pack within India. Through careful progression of plans and schemes, government of india will be able to overcome challenges and drive the country into a viable e-mobility future.
Effecting the Push and Pull Electric mobility is no longer a concept that is deliberated upon, it will be a reality sooner than you think. A carefully balanced strategic input of push and pull methods can make the transition from conventional to electric a smooth ride. The government is undoubtedly serious about bringing in transformative mobility, not on a trail but on the scale of a full-fledged interdependent, sustainable ecosystem. But just government incentives and initiatives are not going to work in the long haul. It is going to be a collaborative effort; one that includes technological companies, EV manufacturers, infrastructure and peripherals companies, electricity suppliers, and investors. While some efforts like policies and levies will push the system into ignition, incentives and subsidies will pull the collaborators together to accelerate the transformation. Talking about EV transformation in India,
Anant Nahata, MD – Exicom Tele-Systems, said: “EVs have witnessed an unprecedented global interest in recent times, emerging as one of the most promising alternate powertrain technologies with zero tailpipe emissions and long term economic viability. India too is looking at EVs as a stepping stone in designing an intelligent transport infrastructure in India. Electrification of mobility is still in nascent stages in India with electric vehicles contributing to less than one percent of overall vehicle sales. However, significant growth momentum is expected over the medium term. The growth, however, is dependent on multiple factors such as technology development, demand creation, price differentials, charging infrastructure and ease of charging for unhindered transportation.” According to the TFE report on electric mobility, “India has the potential to become a very large electric mobility market. However, this will likely not be a top-down transition driven by the central government. Instead, it will be driven by pioneering companies and city governments. That the early adopters will be agile businesses (rather than private users or government agencies) who see a robust business case emerging for certain types of mobility solutions and have the means and incentives to set up their own charging infrastructure. They will break in the market, create new supply chains, drive down costs and change mindsets.” Finally, what will actually get the electric juggernaut rolling is the end user. Awareness will go a long way in bringing in the informed citizen, which will lead to a convinced consumer and eventually to the decisive willing customer.
FINANCIAL SNIPPETS Sterling and Wilson Solar IPO Even as some of the major players like Renew Power have shelved their IPO plans for the moment, citing lack of investor enthusiasm, Shapoorji Pallonji filed for an IPO of its solar power business- Sterling and Wilson Solar Ltd in April 2019, to raise close to $1billion. Given the business’s geographically diverse operations, healthy growth in topline, healthy order book and improving profitability, the IPO should see good investor interest (negative macro conditions notwithstanding). Having said that, with the as yet unresolved issues around tariff caps and relatively small base of solar powered energy generation, the business could have potentially been listed at a later stage with better valuation.
Renew Power to raise funds in bonds Having been on an acquisition and expansion spree over the last two years, Renew Power has been looking to raise funds to refinance its debt obligations and for further investments. Even after substantial equity raised over the said period, the firm’s leverage remains high at close to 3.75. As a result, the firm had planned to raise about $350 million in dollar denominated bonds initially to refinance a part of debt maturing over next two years. However, tepid investor appetite for the bonds has meant that the firm had to raise capital from existing equity holders via a rights issue and also plans sale of assets through an Infrastructure investment Trust (InvIT). We believe, InvITs are likely to become a preferred route of raising capital given the ability to pick and choose highest yielding assets underlying such a trust. InvITs thus avoid the firm level exposure for investors and concentrate it towards only a few projects. Given the variance in individual project performances and tariff caps on solar and wind assets, it’s likely that investors prefer subscribing to InvITs rather than firm level debt.
Piramal, CPPIB to set up renewables InvIT Piramal Enterprises and Canada Pension Plan Investment Board (CPPIB) plan to set up India’s first renewables focused InvIT with $600 million of underlying assets. The aim is to acquire up to 1.5-2GW of stable and cash generating renewable assets on a hold-to-maturity basis, with focus on diversification of both asset type and off-taker profile. The first of such assets would be those of Mytrah Energy, in which Piramal is already an investor via issuance of nonconvertible debentures in 2017. It is believed, critical elements for the success of such an InvIT would be: a) yield offered by the underlying assets and b) longevity and reliability of such yields. Mytrah Energy’s assets are mostly secured via long term PPAs with state grids. However, given the low tariffs in the country, it remains to be seen whether the yields offered on both Mytrah’s and future potential targets’ assets are enough to entice investors.
Norway plans cap on coal based investments In a recent announcement, Norway highlighted plans to tighten restrictions on coal investments for its $1 trillion sovereign wealth fund while opening it up for renewable-energy infrastructure assets. Such a move by the world’s biggest sovereign fund is not in isolation as many of the world’s top institutional investors are looking to cut their exposure to coal given its declining prospects. In the recent edition of its World Investment Report, International Energy Agency (IEA) said that the companies funding coal-fired power stations appear to be making significant recalculations about the long-term viability of these plants. This is shown by a collapse in Final Investment Decisions (FIDs) for coal plants, which have tumbled by 75 percent in three years. Such a transition seems critical for supplying the renewables sector with the much needed capital at an affordable price. While the investors would take time to get comfortable with the new technologies in the renewables and storage space, quality players with sound economics and good governance should be able to raise capital quite economically and achieve scale before others.
Seasoned executives to raise funds for green energy platform Ranjit Gupta and Murali Subramanian, the former head honchos of global private equity firm Actis Llp’s Ostro Energy Pvt Ltd, are in talks with Singapore’s state investment firm Temasek Holdings Pte and Swedish private-equity firm EQT Partners to raise around $500 million to set up a green energy platform in India. In their earlier avatar, the two gentlemen played in important role in helping Ostro achieve a valuation of $1.5 billion for sale to Renew Power last year. From the investment standpoint, foreign sovereign funds have been active investors in the Indian renewables space with CPPIB (already an investor in Renew Power) planning to launch an InvIT with Piramal, while GIC and ADIA are invested in Greenko. Given the attention India has grabbed worldwide with respect to its renewable energy potential, high likelihood of Indian government’s push in infrastructure building especially in renewables space, seasoned executives with proven track record of effectively running and scaling operations and providing exit to investors at a smart valuation would be perfect partners for investors looking to earn healthy returns over next 5-7 years with an eventual exit via acquisition/IPO.
(The news snippets featured here have been collated by the CES Consulting Team.) • April-June 2019 39
INDUSTRY RESPONSE
Budget 2019: the EV surge India Energy Storage Alliance (IESA) congratulates Nirmala Sitharaman, minister of finance, on presenting Budget 2019-20 on July 5, 2019; and is excited with the clear focus that the Indian government has brought to the growing field of energy storage and EVs through a range of incentives in the Budget. These incentives can help us achieve the goal of making India a global hub for R&D and manufacturing of advanced energy storage and EVs by 2022. Following are sector-wise highlights of the proposed Budget for 2019-20, elucidated by Dr Rahul Walawalkar, President – IESA. Electric Vehicle • Given the need for accelerating adoption of EVs, the GST reduction from 12 percent to 5 percent is a welcome move. The income tax deduction up to INR 2.5 lakh ($3500) on the interest of the loan to purchase EV will speed up the EV revolution. Government has set an objective to make India a global hub for manufacturing of EVs including solar electric charging infrastructure • Exemption from custom duties for EV components such as e-drive, onboard chargers etc. will help reduce the cost of EVs on road, at the same time the Phased Manufacturing Plan announced by DHI will also incentivize manufacturers to invest in domestic localization of EVs over next three years. • Allocation of INR10,000 crore for FAME II incentives to reduce upfront cost of EVs will havean immediate impact on boosting the sales of 2W, 3W, cars and buses with advanced batteries in India 40 April-June 2019 •
Mega investment in sunrise and advanced technology areas • It’s a welcome step by GoI to facilitate
the setting up of mega manufacturing plants of Liion batteries and solar chargers. This is a very important step to ensure energy security for India to avoid over reliance on imports of key components of EVs. We expect that setting up of these giga factories will also help us in expanding market for stationary energy storage projects for supporting renewable integration and reducing usage of diesel for backup power generation. At the same time, IESA urges the government to extend the incentives to other advanced energy storage technologies including thermal storage, flow batteries, metal air batteries, fuel cells, super capacitors and mechanical storage technologies such as gravity storage. • We are happy that government has identified key raw material supply issues and have reduced custom duties on Cobalt mattes, a key ingredient
for advanced Li-ion batteries from 5 percent to 2.5 percent. • The new announcement on section 35 AD of Income Tax Act can help in developing of cutting age energy storage technologies in India. This should create opportunities for exporting Made in India advanced energy storage technologies.
Start-ups • The government’s announcement on continued push for start-ups can give a huge impetus on the start-up eco system and MSMEs to diversify into EV and storage ecosystems. This is a welcome step and sufficient budget allocation should be provided to them. Focus should also be in removing bureaucratic hurdles that can help entrepreneurs to focus on brining innovative solutions to market.
A Scheme for Promotion of Innovation, Rural industry and Entrepreneurship (ASPIRE) • Support for technology incubators
under ASPIRE scheme will create opportunities for domestic innovators as well as help attract return of Indian entrepreneurs from around the globe. IESA is working with DST for creating a
focused innovation system for industry and academic collaborations around EV and energy storage. Also setting up of National Research Foundation & various incubators can help in commercialization of indigenous technologies.
Swachh Bharat Mission • We urge the government to
expand the focus of Swachh Bharat mission to include e-waste management and also focus on recycling of Liion batteries. This will further help in securing raw material supply chain for manufacturing of Li-ion batteries in India.
UJALA Yojana • Government’s intention
to promote the use of solar stove and battery chargers will create a huge demand for advanced batteries and support the push for getting giga factories in India. At the same time this initiative will help promote sustainable energy for all. IESA is working with various government agencies to ensure that these proposed products can be designed to ensure that such solar stove and batteries can also help improving power quality and reliability in rural areas.
What the industry players have to say about the Budget
“ Dr Pawan Goenka Managing Director Mahindra & Mahindra
In terms of the Auto industry, if some interim reduction can be done in the GST rate it will help spur demand. The biggest thing that has happened in this Budget is the likelihood of better availability of finance and string likelihood of rates coming down. If financing is made easily available it will make a huge difference. Demand will come after capacity is created. Don’t wait for demand to create capacity and therefore it will be very difficult for a company to create capacity ahead of demand because they do have to worry about their RoI and therefore the government may need to step in to provide some kind of viability gap to create mega factories. If we can create mega factories for all the things that we have listed we will really be able to benefit from the current trade tension between China and US. We have to get scale and ensure that cost of landed goods from India is lower than cost of landed goods from other neighbours of India. EV is a one time opportunity and India should become a hub for EVs for the emerging markets. Demand will The main challenge is of translating the intent to come after on-ground implementation. EV could be the biggest capacity is opportunity or the biggest threat to ‘Make in India’, depending on how we handle it.” created… • April-June 2019 41
INDUSTRY RESPONSE
“ Shekhar Viswanathan Vice Chairman & Whole Time Director Toyota Kirloskar Motors
The focus of the 89th Union Budget has mostly been on connectivity and infrastructure, emphasizing on demand for connectivity across rural and urban markets. Infrastructure focus including those on road development, will lead to faster and more effective mobility solutions. This is positive news for the auto sector. Initiatives for improving liquidity in the market by capital infusion in the banks should also be of some help to the industry. Furthermore, the proposal of streamlining labor laws could lead to faster resolution of labor disputes. We appreciate government’s initiative to promote clean and green environment with special benefits to encourage electric vehicles. The focus of taxation should not only be restricted to promote and facilitate the shift to all types of green mobilities but should also be towards all other means which contribute effectively to increased fuel economy and reduced tailpipe emissions. We see the future moving towards an era We appreciate with more alternate cleaner and efficient government’s powertrains on roads that the customers and initiative to promote market will ultimately decide based on their clean and green mobility requirements. The eco-system should environment with facilitate the consumers to choose the clean special benefits to vehicle technology that best suits their mobility encourage electric needs, thus enabling an environmentally sustainable growth of the nation.” vehicles…
“ Sumant Sinha CMD ReNew Power
The budget correctly stresses on boosting infrastructure and recapitalisation of banks and the financial sector, which is required for keeping the wheels of the economy in motion. Also the relaxation of FDI norms in certain sectors and the decision to invite global bids in manufacturing will help attract foreign capital and boost domestic manufacturing. What can truly transform the lives of many are various measures like ‘one nation one grid’, focus on affordable housing and creating a green infrastructure which aims at ease of living for The EV sector every citizen of this country. This underlines will welcome the government’s commitment to universal and the lower GST affordable electrification. and enhanced It is also heartening to note the focus on restoring deduction the operational and financial health of discoms. The on loans for EV sector will welcome the lower GST and enhanced purchasing deduction on loans for purchasing such cars.” such cars…
“ Nishant Arya Executive Director JBM Group 42 April-June 2019 •
We welcome the measures announced in the Budget aimed towards promoting faster deployment of EVs. The reduction of GST on EVs from 12 to 5 percent, exemption in customs duty on EV parts and additional income tax reduction of INR1.5 lakh on the interest paid on the loan to purchase these vehicles is a big push to make EVs India the affordable for the consumers. Additionally, the manufacturing government’s approval of INR10,000 crore for hub for EVs and the FAME II scheme in April this year is in line will be a great with their aim to make India the manufacturing hub for EVs and will be a great booster for booster for the the industry. industry…
“ Shailesh Chandra President Electric Mobility Business & Corporate Strategy Tata Motors
The incentives announced today by the FM, in terms of additional interventions and steps to support the EV adoption, reinforces a strong commitment by the government to steer electrification on a faster trajectory. The proposal to lower the GST rate for Tata Motors EVs to 5 percent and reduction in duties of EV has been components, which we are studying, is a welcome proactively step. It will help in further narrowing down the cost participating in of ownership gap against ICE vehicles. Additionally, EV ecosystem private buyers, who were earlier not considered for creation, a subsidy through FAME II, will now have a reason aligned to to seriously consider an EV with the tax exemption government’s of up to INR1.5 lakh. vision of Tata Motors has been proactively participating achieving in EV ecosystem creation, aligned to government’s a high EV vision of achieving a high EV penetration by 2030. penetration by The recent announcement further emboldens our 2030… resolve and we will further accelerate our efforts.”
“ Anil Gupta Managing Director Okaya Power Group
The government’s vision as reflected in the Budget to make India a global centre for EV manufacturing is an encouraging step that will not only see growth in production of EVs, but will also give rise to indigenous manufacturing of EV components and storage. Reduction of GST on EV parts and income tax relief on loans for EV buyers will pull in demand that will result in pushing manufacturers to start ‘making in India’ to reduce costs for mass production. The focus on setting up of mega manufacturing plants of Li-ion batteries Give rise to and solar chargers will further spur localisation and indigenous reduce dependency on imported components. This manufacturing is a welcome initiation that needs to be realised of EV with the efforts of the industry and due support components from the government; both these entities need to work in tandem to clear up the green energy road.” and storage…
“ Lokendra Singh Country Manager Ross Mixers India
A wonderful step has been the decision to allow foreign investment in Government Securities. Previously Government felt hesitant to do this largely out of undue caution. Foreign Capital in treasury bonds will tangibly lower interest rates in India and increase liquidity. A rise in fuel taxes together with larger burdens on the rich may help government’s spending programme. The announcement has bode well with the EV industry that has welcomed the reduction in the taxation norms. Most manufacturers have welcomed the move, especially considering the high cost of EVs and the limited range has been a deterrent in the faster adoption of the vehicles. The move will also help the two-wheeler segment particularly, with NITI Aayog suggesting to ban two-wheelers below 150 cc by 2025. Meanwhile, the deadline recommended for conventional three-wheelers is 2023, to be replaced by electric derivatives. The EV industry government has done what it could do and now the that has onus is on the industry and the service providers to welcomed the make the electric vehicle dream happen. I happen to reduction in be in China in June and was surprised to see the EV the taxation 2 wheelers being charged at roadside with normal three pin sockets with an extension boards brought norms… near the vehicle. • April-June 2019 43
LEADERSHIP SPEAK
Fastrack entry in EV two wheeler segment While most EV companies are working at acquiring FAME recertification to start sales, Okinawa Autotech became one of the first manufacturers to meet the requirements out-lined under FAME II and get ARAI approval for two of its electric scooters. Jeetendra Sharma, Founder and MD – Okinawa Autotech Ltd shares his journey in EV sector in a conversation with Ashok Thakur, Chief Editor, ETN. Excerpts… Being into Iron and steel business, you could have had a shot at any other industry. What compelled you to enter the EV 2W business in particular? While the electric mobility sector has had immense potential since its very inception, it has always been susceptible to challenges such as lack of performance, obsolete technology and insignificant appeal. We wanted to bring about a revolution in how India travels on two wheelers. The idea was to manufacture high speed e-vehicles for Indian consumers that would give them the same experience as petrol vehicles while being cost-effective and eco-friendly which would also help in curbing pollution to a substantial extent. The inception of Okinawa in 2015 as a 100 percent Indian electric 2W manufacturer brought about a big change in the EV scenario.
What is your current market share, revenue and ambition for the company for the next two years? Our market share was around 30-40 percent last year in electric 2W and this year the target is to reach the top slot We have 300 plus dealerships across the country and are targeting a revenue of INR500 crore this year, up from 44 May-June 2019 •
Acid and Li-ion products. And in the year 2019-2020, our aim is to achieve one lakh units.
How has the Okinawa journey been so far?
JEETENDER SHARMA Founder and Managing Director Okinawa Autotech Ltd
around INR200 crore last year. We are also hoping to shift from having an 80 percent lead-acid battery-based product line-up to 70 percent Li-ion battery-based product line-up this year. By FY21, our plan is to make all our products Li-ion batterybased. In FY 2018-2019, Okinawa sold 45000 units of both Lead
‘i-Praise’ completed the journey to Khardung La Pass, at 18,380 feet, covering a distance of 1,350 km from Gurugram, over a period of 10 days. Okinawa became the first electric 2W company to achieve this milestone.
Okinawa is a 100 percent Indian electric 2W manufacturing company that was founded in 2015 with the aim to manufacture high-speed electric 2W for the Indian market. In 2016 we established our facility in Bhiwadi, Rajasthan, with production capacity of 300units/shift. We launched our first product ‘Ridge’ in January 2017 followed by ‘Praise’ in December 2017. In 2018, we introduced India’s first detachable Li-ion battery equipped Okinawa ‘Ridge+’ followed by ‘i-Praise’ and ‘R30’ this year. The detachable nature of the battery provides consumers the ease of charging anytime anywhere at their own convenience. We are also in the process of setting up our second manufacturing unit which will be operational by the end of this fiscal year. We have also launched Okinawa Eco App for the intelligent scooters ‘i-Praise & Ridge+’, which gives users full control of the vehicle from remote locations through their mobile phones. The Okinawa Eco App helps the consumer to have access to the scooter just on the click with features like Geo-Fencing, Driver Score, Insurance & Service Reminder
alerts, Immobilize, Direction to the scooter, Alerts, etc.
When others where importing almost every component and selling at less price, what made you to go for a high-end version and to source locally? Aligning with the Indian Government’s vision of green mobility and to provide the consumer with a ‘Make in India’ product, we have been working on increasing localization in our products since inception. The level of localisation in both our Li-ion products – Okinawa ‘i-Praise’ and ‘Ridge+’ stands at about 80 percent. Since most of our suppliers are located near the facility, we source components from around 50 vendors in the National Capital Region (NCR), it supports us in our smooth manufacturing process. This has helped us in becoming the first electric two-wheeler company to get the FAME-II approval.
Tell us more about the approval of your two models eligible under the FAME II scheme. Both our models are certified products from ARAI and have got the FAME-II approval. As per the ARAI testing parameters all the main parts of the scooters – motor, controller, batteries, lights
– go under the stringent testing. Both models fulfil all the necessary specifications set by the government, including a range of roughly 80 km on full charge, a speed of about 40km/h, and 50 percent localization. FAME II is very important for the e-2W manufacturer as well as the end-consumer. From an e-2W manufacturer perspective, the FAME-II approval certifies that the government has approved the best-in-class product with good performance for the Indian consumers who meet their set parameters. This approval allows the company to sell their product on which the incentive can be passed on to the end-user. This approval also encourages the OEMs to focus on ‘Make In India’. From consumer perspective, FAME-II approval allows end-user to avail the government subsidy on electric vehicles.
What kind of batteries are you using and from where do you source them? Do you have plans to make battery packs for your 2W? As of today, we offer a range of products to our consumers under Lead Acid and Li-ion battery variants. We source these batteries from Okinawa’s Indian suppliers. Yes, we definitely we are looking to make in-house battery packs in the near future.
Lighter Moments The book you are reading – Currently I am not reading anything, but I like to keep myself updated on technology through news The book you would recommend to our start up friends – The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People What is success to you – Success means being happy and bringing happiness to others in whatever we do Destination you like to visit – New Zealand Leader you look up to – PM Narendra Modi As a child what did you want to do in life – To be a successful entrepreneur Given a wish what it would be – To create a clean and green mother earth for our future generation
At present what is the turnover and production capacity? What are production plans for the next two years? As on today, our annual turnover is approx. INR200 crore and our production capacity in a single shift is 90,000 units per year. If the market demand grows we can increase it to 1.8 lakh units in double shift. We are also working on a new facility at Alwar, Rajasthan. Our new plant will be operational by the end of this fiscal year. The new unit will have a total installed capacity of up to one million vehicles annually and that would be ramped up in a phased manner. In the first phase we are looking at around 5 lakh units annually that will be ready by the end of this fiscal. The second phase will be in the next financial year.
Many global players are eyeing the Indian market to set up their shop, your views. Many players entering into the EV market shows the scope of electric mobility in the future. This action of many new players adding into the EV industry is opening the market for the end-users for many buying options. This is good as an industry perspective. I believe that today’s electric 2W are as competent as conventional 2W. The existing range of electric scooters has the capability to provide the same mileage as an IC engine. The speed at which an electric scooter runs is as good as an IC engine. One of the biggest advantages of electric two-wheeler is that they are cost effective. More the players, more the buying options and comparisons. Ultimately, the best product would be selected by the end-user.
(In this column, we will feature industry leaders with a pioneering and innovative zest; who inspire with their commitment and passion.) • May-June 2019 45
INSIDE TECHNOLOGY
Hydrogen Fuel Cells: evolving towards clean energy carriers
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lot of the initial fuel cell development work was conducted in the 1970s at NASA. Fuel cells were used in the Apollo mission as on board power supply devices, which operated on hydrogen as the fuel. The exhaust water generated as a by-product from these systems was used by the astronauts for drinking. The conceptual development and labscale research on fuel cells is at least a hundred years older. Another name for Hydrogen Fuel Cells is PEMFC, which stands for Proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
Design of an FC system The design of an FC (fuel cell) system is very similar to a flow battery, which was described in the previous issue of ETN. There is a fuel tank, which contains the required fuel such as Hydrogen (for PEMFC) or methane, natural gas or methanol. The fuel flows to the stack which is the heart of the system and where the generation of electricity takes place. The crucial difference from flow batteries or any other secondary battery is that fuel cells are unidirectional systems. They are designed to consume fuel and produce electricity but not vice versa. Hence, an FC is not an energy storage technology, but rather an energy conversion device. In a PEMFC, the hydrogen from the tank reacts with the oxygen absorbed from air in the stack to generate electricity. The only byproduct of this reaction is water as shown in the chemical equation.
DR. SATYAJIT PHADKE Energy Storage Scientist Customized Energy Solutions
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Design of a Fuel Cell car
The variations As in case of Li-ion batteries or flow batteries, there are many types of fuel cells. The prominent ones other than PEMFC are SOFC (solid oxide fuel cells), PAFC (phosphoric acid fuel cells), AFC (alkaline fuel cells), MCFC (molten carbonate fuel cells) and DMFC (direct methanol fuel cells). Depending on the type of FC, the standard operating temperature can vary between 100°C to 1000°C. Other than that, the compactness (kW/kg) of the stack can also vary greatly. As a result, certain type of FCs are more adapted to certain applications from a practicality point of view.
For example, the stack of a PEMFC is very compact, its operating temperature is conveniently low (< 120°C), and the stacks are highly scalable between 200 W to 150 kW. This makes it the FC of choice for transportation applications, home backup as also for portable electronics. However, for very large stationary systems (10s of MW), generally SOFCs, PAFCs or MCFCs are more practical.
Hydrogen (H2) as a fuel One of the key advantages of using hydrogen as a fuel is the fact that it produces only water upon combustion. It does not produce any CO2. The other advantage is
that it is extremely lightweight. One kg of H2 stores 39 kWh of energy. With the electrical conversion efficiency of a PEMFC being 55 percent, we can generate 21 kWh of electrical energy from one kg of H2. By comparison, one kg of petrol has 13 kWh of energy but the efficiency of an ICE engine is only 20 percent. So we can generate only 2.6 kWh of energy from 1 kg of petrol, which is 7X lower than H2. One the other hand, one of the major challenges for H2 is that it takes up a lot of volume. It is not a major impediment, but there is definitely lots of room for improvement. The storage pressure that hydrogen tanks are able to hold has increased from 150 bars (in 2005) to 700 bars (in 2018). This means 5 times more H2 stored in the same volume than previously. Despite of these improvements, in current state of the art prototypes, a 140 L tank still stores only 5 kg of H2. On the aspect of compact storage, other approaches under development are metal hydride storage, chemical storage and cryogenic storage tanks.
Design of the PEMFC Stack A stack consists of a few hundred cells stacked together in series. In each cell, the hydrogen enters from one side and air from the other side. The two gases are not • April-June 2019 47
INSIDE TECHNOLOGY tion, attempts at powering small aircraft using PEMFCs are ongoing at Boeing, the projects notably being in early development stage. Smaller PEMFCs are also available as home backup systems (1-5 kW) as well as portable power units (<500 W). The backup systems have found a good market in Japan with the support of new government initiatives. Portable units have found certain niche applications in off grid locations and for the military. However, they are yet to live up to their full potential.
Electrolyzers: the missing half allowed to mix and are kept separated by a proton conducting membrane. The most popular choice for this membrane material is Nafion, which is the same material used in Vanadium Flow Batteries (VRBs). Each such cell produces a voltage of 0.7 V, which is obviously not enough for any application. However, by putting hundreds of cells in series in a stack, a practically useful voltage is generated. In case of PEMFCs, which operate at a relatively low temperature a special catalyst is needed at the electrodes. The best catalyst material is Platinum (Pt) which is coated on carbon (C) particles to form the electrodes. This is abbreviated as Pt/C. The use of platinum is the main reason for the high cost of the PEMFC stack. In the pie chart, this shows up as the high fractional cost (76%) of the MEA (membrane electrode assembly). In the last 1015 years, a major focus of industrial and academic R&D has been to minimize the quantity of Pt required (or Pt loading in mg/cm2) without compromising the performance. The other major focus has been on improving the compactness of the stack. Between 2008 and 2019, the power density of the PEMFC stack has been doubled from 0.83 kW/kg to 2.1 kW/kg. The volume reduction is also two times with the power density increasing from 1.4 kW/L to 3.1 kW/L. In the trans48 April-June 2019 •
portation sector, these efforts have been led by Toyota and Honda for cars, Plug Power for material handling equipment (MHE) and by Ballard and Hydrogenics for FC buses.
Applications of PEMFCs One of the challenges of using PEMFCs for transportation applications is its response time for varying power requirement. During driving, the power requirement (kW) is constantly changing depending on whether the vehicle is accelerating or cruising. Additionally, during deceleration, the energy generated through regenerative braking needs to be stored somewhere. Being a uni-directional device, a PEMFC is incapable of storing the energy. These issues are solved by including a small battery pack (1-2 kWh) along with the FC system. For a mid-sized car, 1 kg of H2 provides approximately 100 km of driving range. Current PEMFC cars have a capacity of holding 5-6 litres of H2, which gives a driving range of 500+ km. Beyond cars and buses, in recent times the applicability of PEMFC to trains and aeroplanes is being tested. The first train running on fuel cells developed by Alstom is already operational in Germany. Note specifically, the missing overhead electrical lines. With the first use of PEMFC being for space applications, it would make sense for them to find new uses in non-land based applications. In this direc-
Unlike petrol or diesel, the fuel required for PEMFCs is not readily obtainable by mining. It has to be produced, distributed and made available when any user is in need of it. This requirement is fulfilled by electrolyzers. These industrial scale machines produce H2 and O2 via water electrolysis using electric power as input. Some companies manufacturing such systems are Hydrogenics, ITM Power, Frames and Proton-on-site. Electolyzers are available in a different sizes ranging from 10 kW – 10 MW that corresponds to a hydrogen generation capacity of 4.5 kg – 4500 kg per day. The idea of having distributed generation via electrolyzers at hydrogen fuelling stations is very attractive, as it could potentially save on fuel transportation costs. Some stations of this type are already operational in California, Japan and some Scandinavian countries. PEMFCs have attained a high level of technological maturity and their longevity and reliability has been demonstrated in several applications. Increased scale of manufacturing has the potential to bring down the cost manifold, inspite of the challenges posed by the usage of an expensive Platinum catalyst in the electrodes. Nevertheless, as the hydrogen fuel production and distribution network continues to grow in many regions of the world supported by various government initiatives, the time for PEM fuel cells will arrive sooner than later.
Understanding the performance degradation of batteries: Main considerations for pack developers
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ne of the main factors concerning batteries is their inherent performance variability depending on the use case. Additionally, the large variety in the existing chemistries, form factors, power vs. energy cells, makes an accurate determination of performances more challenging. Further complexing the situation is the large effect of ambient temperatures on performance, which can vary widely, based on geographical locations, physical locations (indoor or outdoor) and usage patterns. In this article, we highlight some of the key parameters and general relationships between operation and performance of battery systems.
Factors to consider while choosing cells to make a battery pack For any developer who is making battery packs for any application, it is very critical to have a complete understanding of battery performance. This is because the longevity or cycle life of the batteries is strongly dependent on the operational parameters. The
DR. SATYAJIT PHADKE Energy Storage Scientist Customized Energy Solutions
operational parameters are DOD (depth-of-discharge), C-rate of operation and the average ambient temperature. It can be highly misleading to depend on the battery specification sheets provided by the cell manufacturer because their testing is always done under very standard conditions of temperature (25°C) and c-rate (C/2 or C/5), which will never be directly applicable to the actual operating conditions. In most parts of India the temperatures are in the range of 30-45°C. Under operation in EVs or stationary storage, the cell temperatures can often reach close to 50°C for extended periods. This has a tremendous negative impact on the cycle life of the batteries, which may be reduced by a factor of two or more as shown in Graph 1. For this system an increase in the ambient temperature from 25oC to 65oC, lowers the cycle life from 2500 to 750 cycles. A similar case may arise if batteries are being used for high c-rate application such as frequency regulation requiring the battery to constantly operate at 2C or more. In this case, the standard cycle life written in the data sheet will no longer be valid. The performance of batteries includes several other parameters such as energy density (Wh/ kg and Wh/L), power density (W/ kg and W/L) and energy efficiency
(%). In case of EV applications, energy density is especially crucial because it directly relates to the maximum achievable driving range. As in any engineering system, but more so in batteries, these are strongly dependent on all of the operational parameters. The battery may be operated at a low DOD to enhance cycle life wherein a compromise will need to be made on the energy density and cost. If the battery is used for a higher c-rate application, a compromise will need to be made on the cycle life, energy density and the roundtrip efficiency. Due to this complex interdependence of operational parameters and the performance obtained, it become necessary for the pack developer to rely on internal testing of batteries as per the chosen application. Even if the same battery is used for different applications, differently conducted tests would be necessary. Other important aspects to consider with respect to battery performance are the battery chemistry and form factor. The battery chemistry and the quality of construction of the cell have a strong impact on the performance. The chemistry indicates the choice of anode (Graphite, Silicon or LTO) and cathode (NMC, LFP, NCA or LMO) used in the cells. Different cathode materials have • April-June 2019 49
INSIDE TECHNOLOGY
different cycle life and it largely reflects on the overall performance of the cells as shown in the Graph 3 comparing capacity degradation of cells from four different companies. The construction quality refers to the consistency in the electrodes, if there are inhomogeneities then local hot spots are created which can lead to rapid capacity degradation or safety concerns and overheating of cells. Different form factors such as cylindrical, pouch and prismatic introduce different challenges in packaging and the design of appropriate cooling systems. An important distinction to know is whether you are buying energy cells or power cells. This distinction exists even within the same chemistry and the same form factor cells. It refers to the construction type of the cell and is controlled by the manufacturer based on the intended application. Energy cells have a lower cost (in $/kWh), lower cycle life, lower efficiency and higher energy density as compared to Power cells. Power cells are specially designed for applications where regular high c-rate operation is required (>1C to 4C). The most straightforward method for understanding the 50 April-June 2019 â&#x20AC;˘
battery performance characteristics is to perform battery testing under a carefully chosen set of parameters based on the intended applications.
2nd use of battery packs: What are the indicators for battery degradation? As in any engineering system, the performance of batteries de-
grades gradually with usage. Understanding of this process is important, also from the viewpoint of deciding on the 2nd usage of battery packs prior to recycling. We have already seen that capacity fading is one of the important factors to consider. In Graph 3, it can be seen that the capacity reduces at different rates for cells obtained from different companies. However, remaining battery capacity after the first use can often be misleading. This is especially true in case of the cell from Company 4 (in blue). It can be seen that after approximately 500 cycles, the cells exhibit â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;knee degradationâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; or a rapid increase in capacity fade. If one is not aware of the existence of such phenomena to the cells of choice, it can lead to significant premature failures in case of the 2nd usage. This can result in significant economic losses in the form of having to replace systems. In addition to the capacity fade, another indicator of degradation is the cell internal resistance as shown in Graph 2. This can be measured as DC resistance (DCIR), which increases with usage and as the battery degradation progresses.
clearly see that the cycle life obtained has a clear dependence on the temperature. This capacity (Ah) degradation data has been obtained from real testing of batteries. It can be seen that the cycle life is reduced and the rate of degradation is increased as we increase the ambient temperature during cycling from 25°C to 45°C and 65°C. By using this type of a known relationship, a complete cycle life test (up to 80% EOL) at 65°C would need only 1/3rd of the time needed at 25°C.
Fellowships by IESA In order to help in developing a deeper understanding of the operation of batteries in Indian climatic conditions and for various applications, IESA has decided to sponsor fellowships for researcher focusing on these topics. The resistance can also be measured with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) that can give a more detailed account of the degradation. If we know the normal initial resistance of the cells (before use), we can estimate the extent of degradation by comparing it with the DC resistance after first use. Such measurements can be used to identify and eliminate ‘bad cells’ from a used battery pack.
Accelerated Testing One of the principal drawbacks of battery testing is the long time required for the tests. For example if a cycle life test is
being carried out at 0.5C/0.5C, a maximum of 6 cycles can be conducted in a single day. If this test needs to be run for 2000 cycles, almost 11 months would be needed. Often time constraints do not allow such long waiting periods and that introduces a lot of doubt in the mind of the pack developer regarding the actual field performance. How to give warranties on a product in such a case? These worries can be alleviated by accelerated testing. One of the most common methodologies for accelerated testing is the use of temperature. In Graph 1 shown above, we can
Battery Testing at CES In the battery testing laboratories established at CES, we continue to investigate various battery chemistries and their performance under different operational conditions. Many of the graphs resulting from the ongoing testing have been shared to exhibit some of the clearly observable trends. For further information regarding your testing needs or if you need any information regarding interpretation of your battery performance related problems, please feel free to contact CES at contact@ces-ltd.com.
GROW YOUR NETWORK ADVERTISE IN ETN Contact: Ashok Thakur - M: +91 9819944543 E: athakur@ces-ltd.com
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AWARDS REVIEW
IESA Industry Excellence Awards T
he IESA Awards were initiated by the India Energy Storage Alliance in 2017 to acknowledge and laud the innovativeness and achievements of organisations in energy storage, EV and the microgrid industry. The awards recognise the efforts and perseverance of companies, projects and people in not only promoting energy storage solutions but also creating value for the end consumer.
The awards are given under different categories like: ∞ Lifetime Achievement Award ∞ EV Infrastructure Company of the year ∞ EV Company of the year ∞ EV Project of the year ∞ Emerging Energy Storage Company of the year ∞ Dynamic CEO of the year ∞ Innovation Company of the year The awardees are selected by a jury panel comprising industrial experts and senior advisors to IESA. The awards are presented at the Energy Storage India (www.esiexpo.in) event held every year to showcase developments in the Energy Storage space.
IESA Awards 2019 The IESA Awards this year were announced at the ESI Event held in New Delhi on January 11, 2019. Following are details of the categories and the winners.
Award winners for IESA Industry Excellence Awards 2019
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AWARD – Lifetime Achievement This prestigious award is for individuals who have showcased exemplary performance in the company as well as in the industry, have played a notable role in the grooming of future industry leaders, been a part of innovation in technical and business processes, as well as made an impact in regional, national and global markets.
WINNER – Dr Ramchandra Naidu Galla, Chairman of Amara Raja Group of Companies Dr Galla is a veteran in the battery and energy storage space, and excels in all areas of the selection criteria. He founded Amara Raja Batteries around 1985; first in India to manufacture sealed maintenance-free valve-regulated lead acid (VRLA) batteries for industrial applications. He has served as MD of the company. He has promoted and established many companies spanning across automotive components, industrial batteries, power electronics, engineering precision products, food and infrastructure. His endeavour has always been to transform spheres of influence and to improve the quality of life by building institutions that provide access to better opportunities, goods and services to people. In 1998, he was awarded the Hyderabad Management Association's Entrepreneur of the Year award. In 2007 he was awarded an honorary doctorate from Sri Venkateswara University (Tirupati) and in 2008 an honorary doctorate from the Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad.
Ramchandra Galla, Chairman, Amararaja Group, receiving Life Time Achievement Award
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AWARD – EV Infrastructure Company of the Year This award distinguishes the company that has showcased exemplary performance in the EV charging infrastructure market in the nation.
WINNER – Exicom Tele-Systems Ltd Exicom has the highest number of EV Charger installations in the country – deployed over 600 chargers across 13 states. It has a wide portfolio of solutions to meet the charging needs of electric vehicles from 2W to electric-buses with solutions including fixed, portable and swappable battery solutions.
Anant Nahata, MD – Exicom Tele-Systems “We would like to thank IESA for bestowing us with ‘EV charging infra company of the year’ award, and the whole industry for recognizing our initiatives and passionate work in the EV ecosystem. We at Exicom are strategically placed to provide India-designed solutions for the rapidly evolving EV ecosystem. We had designed and developed India-specific batteries solutions – which have gathered million kms. Our portfolio of charging solutions caters to multiple use cases like temperature-controlled battery swap solutions, fixed chargers, portable chargers, high capacity DC fast chargers etc.” we are developing an electric mobility ecosystem, including charging infrastructure, battery swapping solutions, high efficiency lithium ion batteries (LiB) and other related innovative products like rectifiers, BMS, power electronic components, etc. We are currently working with various OEMs and fleet operators to deliver charging solutions for 2W, 3W, Passenger Cars and Commercial Vehicles.” We are confident that the bouquet of solutions that we have developed will cater to specific use cases in Indian applications – not just in the medium term, but also in the long term. We have invested not only in setting up a large traction battery specific R&D, but also a battery manufacturing plant.”
Anant Nahata, MD- EXICOM Telematics receiving award
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AWARD – EV Company of the year This award recognizes EV manufacturers, equipment manufacturers or service/solutions providers in the Indian electric vehicle space for outstanding performance during the past year. Focus is on companies that have made a major impact in the market in terms of technology or business innovation, and have achieved geographic expansion.
WINNER – Lithium Urban Technologies Lithium Urban Technologies is the pioneer in providing electric vehicle services for corporate employee transportation across major metro-cities in the country. The company has successfully designed their services to reduce overall transportation cost by being green and eco-friendly. It has championed charging and scheduling analytics followed by root optimization and EV fleet management services. Its most important achievement is the reduction of carbon emission of 10,000 metric tons of total carbon dioxide.
Ashwin Mahesh, Co-founder, Lithium Urban Technologies “The EV industry in India is nascent, but that is also the opportunity. By getting into the sector first, we felt that we could position Lithium to be in an advantageous position as the market grew. Also, the nascent industry is not a huge problem in the employee transport sector - with predictable routes, financeable contracts and good power infrastructure at client sites. So it made sense to get into this right away. We will cross 1000 vehicles in the next few months. We have a five-stage innovation path in mind for the growth of the company. We are consolidating the second stage, and are beginning to look at the third stage - how to create vehicles with specific applications in mind. The first examples of these, we hope, will come out by the end of the year.”
Ashwin Mahesh, Co-Founder - Lithium Urban Technologies receiving the award
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AWARD – EV project of the year This award recognizes companies that are involved in ground-breaking projects utilizing advanced technology and innovative business models. The winner is selected based on successful completion of projects despite challenges and in the process making a valuable contribution towards the nation.
WINNER – Ashok Leyland Ashok Leyland is the second largest commercial manufacturer in India. It has developed the first of many Indian 100% electric vehicles. Ashok Leyland is the only electric vehicle manufacturer to produce electric vehicles in two energy management systems of DC fast charging and battery swapping. The company’s business model includes upfront sale, and e-mobility as services, which helps bring down its CAPEX.
Karthick Athmanathan, Head – EV & eMobility Solutions, Ashok Leyland “In view of the constantly evolving policy, market, technology and cost scenarios, it will be prudent for any EV OEM to have a firm plan for the next 2 years and a rolling-review-update plan for 5 years. Knowing that it is a sort of sunrise area, we will need strategies that are articulated on the product, market, supply chain and technology front, which are reviewed quarterly and fine tuned for developments in the last quarter as well as to synchronise with each other. Given this, our current plans are to stay with products for City transport for passengers. We will continue to offer our multiple energy management options for our customers that address different aspects of their operational and TCO needs. Given a modular architecture, we are able to constantly and quickly update it for new developments and options in the supply chain. Over a five year period, we would have entered a significant part of the City Goods market as well with modular and competitive products with highest levels of reliability. In addition, during this period, we would have also entered flanking business areas which offer not just products but also services in the e-mobility space.”
Karthick A, Head of EV & eMobility Solutions-Ashok Leyland receiving the award
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AWARD – Emerging Energy Storage Company of the Year This award recognizes the immense contribution made by Energy Storage developers, manufacturers and power electronics companies to the industry. The focus is on selecting companies that have shown excessive market adaptability.
WINNER – Okaya Power Okaya has gauged the significance of new technologies in the market and has taken the bold step to diverge from traditional lead acid battery systems to the emerging Lithium ion technology for EV batteries and renewable applications. In the short span of a year, the company has been successful in applying new technologies across numerous platforms and has excelled in customer acquisition.
Anil Gupta, Managing Director – Okaya Power Anil Gupta, Managing Director – Okaya Power “With the recent push in the Indian market for the use of cleaner options of energy to substitute oil and other polluting energy sources, we have accepted the change and have been working in that direction for over a decade. To reduce the dependency on imported fuel, lithium has been a preferred option to bring in the change. We have been closely working on various technologies and especially on electronics to bring down much of the import cost associated with lithium battery. All of our products are made in india and especially on the electronics front, we have set up R&D, designing and production units for BMS, wiring, cabinets and entire battery packs here in India. We sincerely do feel, ingenious products will: a. Boost employment b. Help us design and create the best solution for india, which has its own niche understanding. c. Help in creation of the entire supply chain here in India, so that we can contribute and compete globally “Currently we have Installed three lithium battery production facilities in which two are commissioned. Our total manufacturing capacity is roughly around 360MWh per annum. We are all set to further expand our capacity when the third plant commissions. We are all set to launch some products this quarter; with their acceptance in the market, we shall further expand our capacities. We have been working on charging infrastructure since Dec 2018, and have successfully launched the entire charging range from 3.3KW up to 150KW, covering Indian AC & DC chargers, CCS, CHAdeMO, GB/T ones as well. We have executed couple of POC’s for some of our customers and are set to roll out more chargers across india. Our key strength is last mile service within 24 hours anywhere in India.”
Anil Gupta, Managing Director - Okaya Group receiving the award with his team
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AWARD – Dynamic CEO of the Year The award is conferred upon the leader who had a vision for his company, has been continuously innovative in developing strategies and implementing it successfully to have a powerful impact in the market in a short time.
WINNER – Sanjay Krishnan, CEO, Lithium Urban Technologies Sanjay Krishnan is a pioneer in commercializing the EV as a service provider for Corporate Employee transportation in the country. Under him, the company has doubled the acquisition of vehicles in the past year, and has expanded its presence in four cities. He has also played a major role in Niti Aayog’s research and ideation on government policy towards Vision 2030- Electric Mobility in India.
Sanjay Krishnan, on their EV journey and ahead “We started by asking, ‘although everyone says EVs are the future, is there something we can do with EVs today, without waiting for that future?’ Employee transport seemed like an area in which we could begin operations right away since many of the usual limitations that EVs face don't apply in this segment. However, there was only a 2-door car in the market when we got started. I must give credit to our early clients - Tesco and Unisys in particular - who showed faith and helped set directions for this market. In the beginning, for some clients we had to do pilots, sometimes at our cost, to show that EVs can do what diesel cars can do, but now there is wide acceptance of this. We got the timing right, by being early to start and focusing on the viability of the business. Every vehicle that provides B2B services today using diesel will one day shift to EVs, and we want to be the first to do it in each segment. For this we are working with OEMs, potential customers, finance companies and many others. We introduced two levels of innovation quickly in the first few years - optimising vehicle assignment to increase the efficiency of the fleet, and also choosing duty cycles that leverage the low operational costs of EVs. We have identified 3 other innovation cycles to take up, and are currently working on the first of those - modular vehicles. We also have a plan to re-imagine the delivery industry itself and a larger vision of cities in which mobility, energy and built form all converge, with data and analytics providing the glue for this. We look forward to driving this innovation.”
Ashwin Mahesh receiving award on behalf of Sanjay Krishnan
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AWARD – Innovation Company of the Year This award recognizes organizations that are contributing to research and development of next generation energy storage/microgrid technologies.
WINNER – Indian Space Research Organisation ISRO’s Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) has successfully developed and qualified Lithium ion cells of capacities ranging from 1.5 Ah to 100 Ah for use in satellites and launch vehicles. VSSC has received tremendous response from more than141 companies across the globe for its Lithium ion cell technology.
Team ISRO - Mercy and Raghu R receiving award for the Company of the Year and Plaque from IESA Leadersphip Circle for Gaganyaan Mission
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PARTNERSHIP
IESA to work together with World Bank The World Bank Group (WBG) is all set to foster international cooperation to adapt and develop energy storage solutions for developing countries through its global partnership initiative…
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n the recently held 10th Clean Energy Ministerial and 4th Mission Innovation Ministerial at Vancouver, a new international partnership has been established to help expand the deployment of energy storage and bring new technologies to developing countries’ power systems. The Energy Storage Partnership (ESP) comprises the World Bank Group (WBG) and 29 organizations, including India Energy Storage Alliance (IESA) working together to help develop energy storage solutions tailored to the needs of developing countries. Energy transitions are underway in many countries with a significant increase in the use of wind and solar power. To integrate these variable renewable resources into grids at the scale necessary to mitigate climate change, energy storage will be the key. The increased use of wind and solar power with storage can help decar-
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bonize power systems; expand energy access; improve grid reliability; and increase energy systems’ resilience. According to the recent findings, the requirements of developing countries’ grids are not yet fully considered in the current energy storage market – even though these countries may have the largest potential for battery deployment. The current battery market is driven by the electric vehicle industry, and most mainstream technologies cannot provide long duration storage or withstand harsh climatic conditions and low operation and maintenance capacity. There is a clear need to catalyze a new market for batteries and other energy storage solutions that are suitable for electricity grids for a variety of grid and off-grid applications and deployable on a large scale. To enable the rapid uptake of variable renewable energy in developing countries, the WBG
is convening an Energy Storage Partnership (ESP) that will foster international cooperation on: i) Technology Research Development & Demonstration, Applications; ii) System Integration and Planning Tools; iii) Policies, Regulations and Procurement; and iv) Enabling Systems for Management and Sustainability. By connecting stakeholders and sharing international experiences in deploying energy storage solutions, the ESP will help bring new technological and regulatory solutions to developing countries, as well as accelerate the development of new business models that leverage the full range of services that storage can provide. The ESP will take a holistic, technology-neutral approach by including all forms of energy storage, including batteries. The ESP will help expand the global market for energy storage, leading to technology improvements and accelerating cost reductions over time. Commenting on the initiative, Riccardo Puliti, Senior Director for Energy and Extractives, World Bank, said, “The fast growth we’re seeing in the electric vehicle market is exactly what we need for energy storage in power systems around the world. We want to see batteries connected to the grid, serving mini-grids, and enabling much more use of renewable power from the sun and wind. This is why we are convening the Energy Storage
Partnership and we are honoured to work with the partners who have joined this initiative. We’re looking forward to having more partners join the effort.” Describing the crucial role of the Mission Innovation, Frank Des Rosiers, Chair of the Mission Innovation Steering Committee, said, “Mission Innovation was born out of a global commitment to accelerate clean energy innovation, to make clean energy widely affordable and accessible. We recognize that this cannot be done by Mission Innovation alone and that we need strong partnerships with organizations like the World Bank to be successful. This Energy Storage Partnership with the World Bank aligns with a key innovation opportunity that Mission Innovation members have identified through our Smart Grid Innovation Challenge.” Focusing on the key requirement for success of the mission,
Christian Zinglersen, Head of Secretariat, Clean Energy Ministerial, said, “Power systems are undergoing rapid change. Policy makers and regulators need to actively identify options to increase the flexibility of power systems in their jurisdictions; this is not least to accommodate the integration of increasingly larger shares of intermittent re-
newable generation and distributed energy resources. This is the focus of several areas of CEM work where storage is an area of increasing interest amongst CEM governments and other partners. Policy and regulatory design will remain key in order for storage-based solutions to contribute cost efficiently to the needs of a changing power mix. Hence, partnerships such as this targeting real-world, deployable solutions are very valuable.” The ESP will be hosted at the World Bank’s Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) and will be developed and implemented in partnership with other organizations. The ESP will complement the WBG’s $1 billion battery storage investment program announced in September 2018 – to significantly scale up support to battery storage projects and raise an additional $1 billion in concessional finance.
• April-June 2019 61
SMARTER E EUROPE
Energy storage - the key to the world's energy transition The ees Europe this year saw around 470 suppliers of energy storage systems and technologies presenting their cutting edge products, solutions and services to around 50,000 visitors. Chief Editor – ETN, Ashok Thakur was a visitor at the energy hub, where the trade magazine was enthusiastically received...
ASHOK THAKUR Chief Editor and General Manager Publications ETN
e
es Europe, the continent’s largest and most popular international exhibition for batteries and energy storage systems, was held from 15–17 May as part of the innovative platform – The Smarter E Europe in Munich. The focus this
year was on the intelligent integration of storage devices into the energy system and the coupling of the electricity, heating and mobility sectors. Energy storage system production and power-to-X – the storage of electricity in other forms of energy such as hydrogen – were also in the spotlight at the exhibition. More and more of our power is being generated from renewable sources, driving the demand for storage devices, which play a crucial role in stabilizing power grid systems. This need is spawning a diverse
range of technologies that was reflected in the options on offer at ees Europe.
Exploring the storage market at the Forum From May 14–15, the ees Europe Conference offered a detailed supplementary program on international storage markets, presented new business models and explored the most important pioneering technologies. Key topics included quality assurance for stationary battery storage systems, opportunities for involving storage solutions in the e-mobility boom, and powerto-X technologies. The ees Forum presented: contributions from the ees Award finalists, current topics and development from energy storage technologies, new business models for solar and storage or for commercial storage systems, and alternatives to Li-ion battery systems. In addition, numerous start-ups introduced their business models and innovative products and services at the forum.
Indian representation at the global hub The international stakeholders gathered at The smarter E Europe with the goal to make renewable energy available 24/7. A total of four energy exhibitions took place at Europe’s most prestigious energy hub: Intersolar Europe, ees Europe, Power2Drive Europe 62 April-June 2019 •
and EM-Power. Indian delegations visited the trade event and participated at Intersolar Europe. ees Europe had participation form IESA member Okaya Power, India’s third largest battery manufacturer. Director Anshul Gupta said, “It is our first time at this show as an exhibitor at ees Germany and we are impressed to see the visitor enquiries at our booth. We are doing well in international markets by serving 30 countries with our products and services, furthermore, such platforms will help us meet prospective clients in more competitive and quality intensive markets such as in Europe. We are thrilled to see the love and respect for Indian manufacturing community and we wish to participate at various international events across the world for the ESS systems this year.”
(ETN partnered with ees Europe at The smarter E Europe held in Munich. Details and descriptions of the trade event are excerpted from the event coverage posted by ees Europe.)
ees Awards 2019 The 2019 ees AWARDs for pioneering products and solutions in the field of Energy Storage in Renewable Power were conferred on: ∞ Blue Solutions SA (France): LMP® (Lithium Metal Polymer) 250/400 rack – modular, heat-resistant storage system ∞ The company reached a milestone in its history when it developed the first stationary energy storage system with a solid-state Lithium Metal Polymer battery. ∞ Enerox GmbH (Austria): CellCube FB 500-2000 – high-output storage device for photovoltaic systems ∞ Austrian engineering – Enerox’s CellCube storage system is one of the first to offer vanadium redox flow (VRF) batteries with a 1,000 volt DC range. It costs below €300 / kWh. ∞ Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH (Germany): GRIDCON® PCS 4W – variable storage inverter for maximum energy quality ∞ The GRIDCON® PCS 4W power conversion system is a modular, bidirectional storage inverter for on-grid and offgrid applications. The device can be used in the construction of stable stand-alone systems for micro grid applications.
The Smarter E Award
Start-ups @ The Smarter E Europe
∞ For pioneers in new energy systems in the Outstanding Projects category, the accolade went to BayWa r.e. renewable energy GmbH, Mondas GmbH and Siemens AG. ∞ In the Smart Renewable Energy category the awards were taken by Axiotherm GmbH, SolarGaps and Stäubli Electrical Connectors GmbH.
Alongside the award ceremony, visitors enjoyed a particularly impressive display of the market's innovative power at the joint booth Start-ups @ The Smarter E Europe. The display provided a platform for Start-ups to present their innovative business models and technologies, developed to help actively shape the transition to a decarbonised world.
• April-June 2019 63
ES MARKET
The European energy storage market is an essential enabler for decarbonisation EASE - the European Association for Storage of Energy - outlines the current energy storage market in the EU...
E
nergy storage deployment has been growing rapidly in Europe in the last few years driven by ambitious renewable energy targets and decreasing technology costs. According to the European Market Monitor on Energy Storage published by EASE and Delta-ee, annual instalments of electricity storage capacity in MWh in 2018 grew by 74 percent to 1140 MWh. (EASE is a Brussels based member-supported association that represents organisations across
64 April-June 2019 â&#x20AC;˘
the entire energy storage value chain, while Delta-ee is into energy research and consulting services.). Although the European market as a whole is seeing rapid developments, countries differ significantly in terms of their storage markets. The UK and Germany are clear market leaders in grid-scale storage deployments, mainly to provide frequency containment reserve and other ancillary services. Germany is also leading in
behind-the-meter storage systems, with over 130,000 residential storage installations by the end of 2018 and exciting new business models emerging. Other countries are expected to start catching up however by 2020 and the majority of new storage capacity will be installed behind-the-meter. Commercial and industrial storage is also seeing an increasing number of deployments led by Germany. Many different storage technologies are being developed
and deployed across the European Union. Pumped Hydro Storage still dominates in terms of installed capacity, but Li-ion batteries are currently the fastest growing technology in terms of new instalments. Other technologies such as power-to-gas, liquid air energy storage, flow batteries, and power-to-heat are gaining traction across the EU. These market changes and technology developments are driven in large part by ambitious decarbonisation and renewables policies at EU level. The year 2018 in particular was important for energy storage policy in the European Union: policy and regulation focused on a range of topics including electricity network codes, clean mobility and energy storage on islands. Most efforts were focused on the discussions surrounding the “Clean Energy for All Europeans” Package. Energy
storage associations worked on making sure that the definition of energy storage is neutral, encompassing all technologies and applications, and sought to ensure that multi-service business cases are allowed when regulated entities invest in a storage facility. In the final text of the Package, the value of storage is clearly recognised. In 2019 it will be time to work with the Long-Term Strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in Europe by 2050, building up on its main conclusions and exploring the potential of storage to increase the further integration of higher shares of renewable energy. There will also be activities related to battery storage, such as the European Technology and Innovation Platform on Batteries (ETIP Batteries/Batteries Europe) and the European Battery Alliance, which respectively seek to support the growth of a sustainable EU-based battery value chain, including notably manufacturing. A hot topic for the energy storage sector this year is the deployment of EVs. Recently EASE published a position paper underlining the role of energy storage as an essential enabler for the decarbonisation of the transport sector. The transport sector accounts for 25 percent of the European greenhouse gas emissions; moreover, it is the only sector in which emissions have risen since the 1990s. Therefore the rapid growth of battery electric vehicles and fuel cell electric vehicles is key to decarbonisation. However, the electrification of transport may impose significant stress and costs on the system.Therefore EASE investigated three different use cases for storage and mobility. One of these is vehicleto-grid technologies which allow EVs to provide flexibility services to the electricity grid, mitigating the negative impacts of increased shares of
EVs charging simultaneously on the grid. Another use case is deployment of stationary storage to support (fast) charging infrastructure. Given the need for significant increases in storage capacity to reach a net-zero emissions power system by 2050, research and development is a top priority for the European Union, which has put into place a mechanism of financing for research projects through the European Commission, Horizon2020. The Horizon2020 program is a financial initiative aimed at securing Europe’s global competitiveness. This program has funded numerous projects related to energy storage since 2014, from early research to demonstration and integration of storage technologies. Starting from 2021, this program will be succeeded by Horizon Europe. Horizon Europe will have a cluster dedicated entirely to “Climate, energy and mobility”, where a specific section for energy storage is included. This is a great achievement for the European energy storage sector, and a direct result of the policy advancements that have allowed storage to have its value recognised. EASE is the leading member-supported association representing organisations from the whole energy storage value chain in Europe. It promotes the deployment of energy storage to support the cost-effective transition to a sustainable, resilient, low-carbon, and secure energy system. Through responses to public consultations, position papers and reports, EASE aims to influence the European regulatory framework, ensuring that energy storage has a strong business case and is able to achieve its full potential to support the European energy transition. EASE also participates actively in the research environment, working alongside other European players. • April-June 2019 65
GLOBAL GROWTH
Developments & trends in China’s energy storage industry Analysis of energy storage data at the end of 2018 revealed a new milestone in China’s energy storage industry. According to the China Energy Storage Alliance (CNESA) project tracking database, China’s accumulated operational electrochemical energy storage capacity at the end of 2018 totaled 1018.5 MW/2912.3 MWh.
E
nergy storage in China has now entered the GW era. One of the major factors driving growth in 2018 was the launch of new grid-side energy storage projects. Grid-side storage was the year’s leading application category, with a total of 206.8 MW of new capacity added, equal to 36 percent of all new capacity for the year. Key projects included the Jiangsu State Grid 101MW grid-side project in east Zhenjiang and State Grid Henan’s 100.8 MW project in Luoyang and Xinyang. The trend of large-scale grid-side projects is expected to continue through 2019 and well
into the future, with additional projects currently under construction in Hunan and Gansu provinces, and even more projects planned across the country.
Frequency regulation: opportunities and challenges While grid-side storage is likely to be a leading trend for China’s energy storage market over the next few years, frequency regulation is an application offering both opportunities and challenges. Ongoing electricity structure reforms are creating new opportunities in many parts
China’s total accumulated operational electrochemical energy storage project capacity through 2018 (MW)
66 May-June 2019 •
of the country. In provinces and regions such as Fujian, Gansu, Xinjiang, Shanxi, Beijing-TianjinTangshan, Guangdong, Anhui and others, local governments have encouraged power generation companies, power sellers and independent ancillary services providers to invest in the construction of energy storage infrastructure for use in frequency regulation. New market regulations in provinces such as Shanxi and Guangdong— modeled after those of the PJM market in the United States and north China (Huabei) region—are adopting compensation models
based on the quality and duration of frequency adjustment, opening the door for energy storage to participate in frequency regulation. Following trial runs of the new rules which began at the end of 2017, six contracts for energy storage frequency regulation projects at thermal power plants have been signed in Guangdong. Challenges arise in two major areas: first, China now has such a great number of companies involved in the frequency regulation market that competition has become extremely fierce. Second, a lack of sufficient safety standards has meant that while many projects have been announced, fully operational projects are few. System standardization has become a hot topic in China, not just for frequency regulation, but all applications. CNESA has been taking part in leading working groups for development of standards such as ‘Electrochemical Energy Storage System Evaluation Regulations’ and ‘Energy Storage System Fire Alarm and Fire Prevention Systems’.
Renewable integration: potential for growth Although renewable energy has been a major factor in the integration of energy storage into the electricity system of many countries, in China renewable integration has yet to become a major application. Most projects
in China are installed at largescale solar PV stations with high FIT rates using storage to help manage curtailment. The 2018 release of the ‘Renewable Energy Fair Price Policy’ has limited the benefits of energy storage for use in curtailment. As a result, developers must explore new ways in which energy storage can add value to renewable energy stations. One possibility is for regulators to differentiate penalization and compensation of renewable generators based on performance. Generators that are more stable or ‘trustworthy’ can earn higher grid purchase prices, or can have their penalties minimized. The recently updated ‘Two Regulations’ for the Northwest (Xibei) region follows this line of thinking. Such a system would likely not be enough to encourage renewable energy stations to install storage on their own. However, in the future, as market reforms take shape, policymakers are certain to consider the advantage of renewables-plus-storage and encourage such installations to participate in market transactions and ancillary services.
Behind-the-meter storage: leading the market Though recent growth in gridside storage may have grabbed the spotlight, behind-the-meter applications still occupy the largest portion of China’s accumu-
lated energy storage capacity at nearly 50 percent. China’s behindthe-meter projects are largely accumulated in industrial-commercial applications. It is no surprise then, that Jiangsu province, one of the country’s leading manufacturing regions, is also the leader in total behind-the-meter project capacity. Yet, behind-the-meter applications are not without their challenges. In Beijing for example, policies that have allowed industrial-commercial customers to choose low-cost electricity have put storage at a disadvantage. Behind-the-meter systems in Beijing are also no stranger to safety concerns. Both business owners and fire departments have voiced concerns against the use of energy storage systems in commercial buildings, leading to indefinite delays in many projects.
Looking ahead China’s recent surge into the GW era of energy storage and the increasing trend toward largescale grid-side energy storage projects are positive signs for the industry, creating market growth, lowering technology costs, and moving the industry towards applications that are more closely integrated with the grid. Yet the rapidity at which the industry has grown also means that a mature market and policy support have been slow to catch up with the pace of development. With ongoing electricity market reforms, there are still many uncertainties ahead. Despite these challenges, China’s energy storage industry has made incredible progress in the past ten years. A mature energy storage industry cannot be expected to appear overnight. As project capacities continue to expand, as government and grid policies continue to support storage, and as the energy industry continues its move toward sustainable energy sources, energy storage is certain to become a key part of the energy revolution in China. • April-June 2019 67
RESEARCH REPORT
India Energy Storage Market Overview Report 2019-2026 The India Energy Storage Alliance (IESA) presents 5th Edition of the India Energy Storage Market report with a comprehensive overview of the market size, segmentation, influencers and drivers, policy framework, and more.
Scope Of The Report
Each of these markets have been estimated in terms of MWh, with 2018 as the base year and projections for 2019 – 2026.
The Report explores the growth drivers and market potential of all areas of energy storage applications: generation, transmission, behind-the-meter, renewables integration and ancillary services.
Grid level Energy Storage Market Summary
1
2018-19 witnessed several RE+storage projects being floated by NTPC, SECI, State utilities/agencies such as AP Transco, Himachal renewables Ltd for peak management, DSM settlement, energy shifting, voltage support. Besides, CEA advocates storage systems for capacity to accommodate 2.5% of RE generated in a day in all projects to maintain a Minimum Thermal Load (MTL) on Thermal power plants.
2
ESS for Wind sector growth isn’t very attractive as the forecasting, scheduling and DSM is the major driver for this application. Several states are released the DSM. Besides, CEA’s Minimum Thermal Loading of Thermal Generation plants requirement, mandates 2.5% ESS stipulation in RE projects. This when implemented could also be a driver for the market.
3
CERC plans to introduce market mechanism for ancillary services market, IESA has proposed to CERC to introduce ESS for secondary and fast tertiary regulation ancillary services as it provides faster response and more regulation per MW.
4
SLDCs/RLDCs or DISCOMs have to be mandated / incentivized to procure a minimum percentage of their reserves needed for frequency regulation through electric storage.
5
In 2019, the first grid scale ESS project was completed by TPDDL at Rohini Substation in New Delhi for 10 MW for application such as peak load management, frequency regulation and Energy shifting. Several such sites were identified by the company for installation of ESS around the city. Distribution deferral becomes a key application for ESS in metros where grid expansion becomes difficult.
Leveraging on years of association with leading market players and expertise in research analytics, IESA has garnered a rich database of products, services and project related information. Assimilated market data has been thoroughly assessed to provide a segment-wise update on the energy storage market and a 7-year forecast for the sector. 68 April-June 2019 •
India Energy Storage Market 2018 - 2026 Top 5 Applications Cumulative Energy Storage Potential(GWh) , 2018-26
Total Energy Storage Annual Installation Forecast*, India, 2018 and 2026
Cumulative Total Energy Storage Market Potential, India, 2018-2026
Limitation 2: Lack of Policy Framework To support effective implementation of storage technologies, policy support is required for framing regulations, development of standards, integration of storage with renewables and raising awareness and defining storage as a asset class alongside Generation, transmission &distribution
Existing Policy framework Renewable Energy Targets (175GW by 2022 and 227 GW by 2030) Universal Energy Access – Power for all homes by 2019 (Saubhagya) National Smart Grid Mission – Quality power on demand for all by 2022 Rooftop Solar Policy subsidies and DISCOM incentives(2019 to 2022) CERC vide connectivity regulations in 2019 has allowed Standalone Storage system of installed capacity 50MW and above as applicant eligible for grant of Connectivity Central Financial Assistance for residential rooftop solar solar under RTS Phase II for up to 40% for 4GW addition till 2022. Besides performance incentives for DISCOMs announced. In March 2019, an lnter-Ministerial Steering Committee was set up for the National Mission on Transformative Mobility and Battery Storage.
Lack of Policy Framework Policy for distributed ESS- RE & micro grids integration Framework for reuse, recycle & disposal of batteries including 2nd life usage. Lack of a strong TOU framework across states and consumers is necessary for ESS adoption to pick up.
Policies Awaiting Approval
• National Energy Storage Mission that advocates the use of Energy storage in the generation, transmission and distribution sections of electricity value chain, as well as for promoting manufacturing of storage systems in the country. • Energy Storage - Renewable integration policy including RE shifting / firming / smoothing / forecasting & scheduling / ramp rate control • Framework for Energy Storage in Frequency regulation ancillary services market & grid services • Draft Mini Grid Policy 2018 was released in June, to electrify villages in Jharkhand in coordination with CEED and JREDA.
Understand the market synergies through expert analysis and get key insights into industry dynamics. The 160+ pages report includes charts, tables and graphs for quick access to facts and figures; making it an easy-to- use reference guide.
Policy and regulatory details are explained in detail in New/Draft Regulations and its Impact
Interesting inputs on scope of energy storage in rural electrification, optimisation of existing energy sources, and consideration of different business models makes this Report a must-have for all industry players and prospects. An overview of policy decisions and their impact provides a perception of the Government’s plans and involvement in promoting energy storage and increasing the energy potential of the country.
Source: CES analysis
Book your copy now. To place an order for your copy and for more information write to: ath a k u r@ c e s -l t d . c o m
Report price: USD 3500 • April-June 2019 69
POLICY UPDATE
Battery Operated Vehicles to get a big boost The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) has issued a notification for exemption of registration fees for Battery Operated Vehicles. According to the recent 2019 Amendment of the Central Motor Vehicles Rules 1989, all Battery Operated Vehicles shall be exempted from the payment of fees for the purpose of issue or renewal of registration certificate and assignment of new registration mark. If anyone has any objections or suggestions on it, that may be sent to the concerned authority by July 18, 2019 for the Central Governmentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s review.
CEA reviews progress of the installation of PCI The Central Electricity Authority (CEA) has recently conducted a meeting to review progress of the installation of Public Charging Infrastructure (PCI) for electric vehicles in Delhi/NCR, which saw active participation from EESL, Delhi DISCOMs, NTPC, DMRC, Charging Station owners, petroleum sector PSUs. CEA will soon publish all relevant information related to EVs on its website like guidelines, technical standards and location of EV Charging stations. The link, http://cea.nic.in/ev_charging.html, has already been created for presenting the relevant information.
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DERC issues Guidelines for 2019 The Delhi Electricity Regulatory Commission (DERC) has issued 2019 guidelines for Group Net Metering and Virtual Net Metering for Renewable Energy. Beside other points in relevance to RPOs, the guideline has clearly stated the details on applicability of the Group Net Metering and Virtual Net Metering Framework, Available Capacity at Distribution Transformer Level, Procedure for Application and Registraton, Interconnectivity, Standards and Safety, Metering Arrangements, Procedure for energy billing and accounting under both Net Metering frameworks. According to the guidelines, the annual generation of Renewable Energy System with Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) may be capped as per the normative CUF or PLF as decided by the Commission from time to time for the respective Renewable Energy Technology.
Department of Heavy Industry issues EoI for e-Buses Government of India has recently approved Phase-II of FAME India Scheme [Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid &) Electric Vehicles in India], for a period of 3 years commencing from April 1, 2019 with total budgetary support of INR10,000 crore. The main focus of this phase of the scheme is the electrification of public and shared transportation. Accordingly, the Department of Heavy Industries is now inviting proposals (through an Expression of Interest : EoI) for availing incentives under Fame India Scheme Phase II For Deployment of Electric Buses on Operational Cost Model basis. Deployment of 5000 electric buses has been planned.
An analysis of Ramping Capability According to a recent Power System Operation Corporation Limited (POSCO) report, based on data analyzed for 438 generating units (unit size of 200 MW and above) across India, the ramp rates being adopted by the RRAS providers are quite less than those specified in the CEA Standards. With increasing penetration of renewables, ramping would be a critical requirement especially during peak hours and hence, higher ramp rates may be required. The flexibility metrics for thermal power stations should ideally cover technical minimum, ramp rates and number of start/stop operations. It would be appropriate if the ramp rates specified by CEA are also mentioned in the Indian Electricity Grid Code (IEGC) and enforced.
Expert Group to review Indian Electricity Grid Code The CERC has constituted an Expert Group to review Indian Electricity Grid Code (IEGC) and other related issues under the Chairmanship of Rakesh Nath, ExChairperson, CEA & Ex Member (Tech) of APTEL. Other 3 members in the group include: A. S. Bakshi, Ex-Chairperson, CEA & Ex- Member, CERC; Ravinder, Ex-Chairperson & Member PS, CEA, Ex- Chief (E)— CERC; and S. C. Shrivastsava, Chief Engineer – CERC. The group will review: the provisions of CERC IEGC Regulations, 2010 based on past experience and recent developments in the power system of India; changes in market structure and the future challenges that includes high level of renewable penetration in the grid, introduction of new products in market etc. It will also suggest appropriate regulatory intervention and prepare draft IEGC making recommendation for proposed amendment or changes in the existing Grid Code.
A new step in the PSR programme The Government of India, in collaboration with United Kingdom’s Department of International Development (DFID) is implementing a Power Sector Reform (PSR) Program involving a number of work packages including Renewable Energy Development & Integration thereof, for bringing in faster and bettertargeted reforms in the Indian Power Sector. Under the work-package “Renewable Energy Deployment & Grid Integration”, a module “Power Procurement cost optimization” is being implemented on a pilot basis for the State of Telangana, through M/s KPMG. In this regard, a separate web portal named “powercost.in” has been developed on the server provided in CEA, for optimization of power procurement cost of Discoms.
FOLD’s meeting unveils AP Govt’s plans Recently, the Forum of Load Despatchers (FOLD) held its 29th meeting cum workshop in New Delhi. In the assembly, a detailed presentation on the best practices from AP SLDC was delivered by A. K. V. Bhaskar, SE, AP SLDC. He talked about the Pilot Project of Solar Energy battery storage of 4 MW capacity that is being implemented at Srikakulam and Nellore districts. Talking on the next projects, he also informed that the Hybrid plant at Ramagiri wind solar battery storage (20 MWh) of 160 MW and Pumped storage project whose DPR has been prepared with the capacity of 1350 MW at Sileru basin are under planning.
• May-June 2019 71
IESA - ARAI EV ROUNDTABLE
Pune rising to smart deployment of EVs India Energy Storage Alliance (IESA) along with support from the Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI), recently held a Roundtable on Emobility on June 6 & 7 in Pune. The conference was organized to provide a platform for interaction and discussion on new-age technology, opportunities in wake of the new GoI e-mobility agenda, and what needs to be done to promote the EV ecosystem with reference to Pune.
(L to R): Anand Deshpande, Ajay Charthankar, Athshyam Khan with Dr Rahul Walawalkar
T
his roundtable was a part of the 2-day program on Electric Mobility and Advanced Battery Training that included FAME 2 Certification Process and ARAI Lab Visit.
The Roundtable panellists included: • Rajendra Jagtap, Addl Commissioner & CEO – Pune Smart City Development Corporation Ltd (PSCDCL) • Ajay Charthankar, Joint Managing Director – Pune Mahanagar Parivahan Mahamandal Ltd (PMPML) • Anand Deshpande, Deputy Director – ARAI • Athshyam Khan, Manager Technical – Electric Mobility, EESL Dr Rahul Walawalkar, President – IESA, was the moderator of the convention. Topics discussed included difficulties in deployment of the Battery Swapping system, challenges in setting up charging stations, critical issues regarding safety and performance of EVs, 72 April-June 2019 •
rising summer temperatures in Pune affecting the performance of EVs and thermal effect on batteries and charging stations. Solutions and Suggestions that came out of the discussion • Vacant spaces in Pune - as small as 200 sq ft - could be utilized for EV charging infra by private players • Introduction of longer e-buses was suggested • ARAI to regularly update and amend the Central Motor Vehicles Rule to maintain safety standards, and also work on adopting global standards on EV safety • Charger testing carried out by ARAI under increased temperatures suitable to Indian environmental conditions • Development of test methodologies to improve health and
enhance the actual capacity of the battery • Bulk orders for EVs by EESL to promote and accelerate EV adoption and encourage the growth of the EV ecosystem • Assessment and finalization of backend requirement for charging infrastructure by EESL, circulated to all departments and states; and clarification of doubts regarding the need to register, kind of software, etc. Mr Deshpande informed that ARAI with the support of Ministry of Heavy Industries has set up a Centre of Excellence where they are working on various test methodologies to improve the health of and enhance the actual capacity of the battery. Mr Walawalkar spoke of IESA’s initiative MOVE - Moving Onward with Vehicle Electrification, a platform for the EV stakeholders to exchange ideas and technology to promote business. Under this umbrella IESA will help in coordination with private players, or for better utilization of infrastructure. With 90 plus members operating in multiple countries, IESA has a lot of collective knowledge to offer, he said.
EVENT INFORMATION
Next Engagements Indian
International
3rd IESA-ICAT EV Conclave
Enertec Expo 2019
India Energy Storage Alliance (IESA) along with INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY (ICAT) is organizing its 3rd annual EV Conclave. This will be a unique platform to interact, discuss & network with Auto OEMs, battery manufacturers, charging infrastructure providers, power train, BMS, EV software providers & government officials. All the participants will witness ICAT’s battery validation and EV lab during the event.
This is the first trade fair on Renewable Industry in Vietnam. It is on Solar power, Wind energy, Energysaving products. The event will provide best opportunity to meet the leading organization group within one roof.
Date: 9th August,20199
Date: July 17 to 20, 2019 Venue: Saigon Exhibition And Convention Center, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Contact: Ms. Trang Vu Huyen (+84 993003529)
Venue: ICAT Campus, Manesar Website: http://indiaesa.info/events
3rd Master class of Energy Storage Technologies, Applications, and Manufacturing IESA has partnered with IEEMA to help Indian electrical and electronic manufacturers to understand the opportunity and explore ways in which they can become part of the global supply chain for advanced energy storage and EV systems. Earlier two editions witnessed strong participation from industry and some of the participants have already made inroads in setting up manufacturing for advanced ESS and EVs. So based on popular demand IESA and IEEMA are happy to bring together the 3rd Master class. Date: August 23, 2019 Venue: Mumbai
EES South America This is LATAM’s major platform for electrical energy storage technologies. It will be held in parallel with Intersolar South America. The show will highlight energy storage solutions suited to support and complement energy systems with increasing amounts of renewable energy sources, attracting investors, utilities, installers, manufacturers and project developers from all over the world. Date: August 27 to 29, 2019 Venue: Expo Center Norte, São Paulo, Brazil Website: www.ees-southamerica.com/en/home.html
Website: http://indiaesa.info/events
6th Energy Storage Solutions Meet Gujrat
Korea Energy Show 2019
This event will focus on: How to increase revenue by improving power quality and reliability issues; How to reduce diesel consumption adopting energy storage as back up; How to develop rooftop solar + energy storage solutions; and Energy cost savings through open access and energy storage.
This is a global show for all new products in the field of energy and others. It will attract specialized and focused audiences who will have the opportunity to meet with industry professionals and key market regulators. It will provide you with an opportunity to meet new and existing customers actively looking for new suppliers.
Date: August , 2019
Date: September 3 to 9, 2019
Venue: Gujrat
Venue: Kintex 1st Exhibit (Hall1~2), Korea
Website: http://indiaesa.info/events/
Website: www.koreaenergyshow.or.kr
Global Energy Xpo
Solar Power International
This is a CII venture. It will be India’s first integrated and comprehensive energy & power show. Further information can be had from Mr. Praveen Dhiman, Executive Officer, CII, Northern Region Headquarters. Contact w-mail: praveen. dhiman@cii.in
This is the largest gathering of solar, smart energy, energy storage and hydrogen fuel cell professionals in North America. Anchored by the flagship event, Solar Power International, North America Smart Energy Week brings together an extensive alliance of renewable energy leaders for four days of networking, education, and innovation that moves the industry forward.
Date: November 20 to 22, 2019 Venue: Aerocity Ground, New Delhi, India Website: www.gexpo.in
Date: September 23 to 26, 2019 Venue: Salt Palace Convention Center, Salt Lake City, USA Website: www.solarindiaexpo.com
• April-June 2019 73
COMPANY & ADVERTISER INDEX / IMPRINT Alsthom 47 Amara Raja Batteries 53 American Battery Solutions (ABS) 22 ARAI - Automotive Research Association of India 10, 72 Ashok Leyland 54 BASF New Business GmbH (BNB) 22 Blu-Smart 15 Canada Pension Plan Investment Board 39 Centrica 20 Customised Energy Solutions 46 Duke Energy Florida (DEF) 20-21 Exicom Tele-Systems Ltd 56 Fourth Partner Energy 17 ISRO’s Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) 59 JBM Group 42 KABIL JV 17 Lithium Urban Technologies 55, 58 Mahindra & Mahindra 41
MG Motors
18
Bry-Air (Asia) Pvt Ltd 02 ETN - Subscription Form 25 EXICOM 11 IESA 75 IESA-IEEMA 31 MOVE 03
NuGen Mobility Summit 19 Okaya 76 Ross Process Equipments Pvt Ltd 06 RE Invest India 2019 08 SB Energy - SoftBank Group 04
Okaya Power
43, 57
Okinawa Autotech Ltd
44
Oxis Energy
21
Panasonic India
16
Piramal Enterprises
39
ReNew Power
39, 42
Ross Mixers India
43
ScottishPower 21 Sterling and Wilson Solar Ltd
39
Tata Motors
43
Tata Power Renewable Energy Ltd-TPREL
18
Tesla 28 Toyota Kirloskar Motors
42
Volkswagen AG
20
Waaree Energies Ltd
16
World Bank Group (WBG)
60
IESA
India Energy Storage Alliance
Chief Editor and General Manager Publications: Ashok Thakur Consulting Editor: Nishtha Gupta-Vaghela
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Consulting Editor: PK Chatterjee (PK) Contributing Editor: Kathy Priyo Corporate Communications: Swati Gantellu Design Consultant: SP Snehal President – IESA & MD, CES India: Dr Rahul Walawalkar Executive Director IESA: Debi Prasad Dash
74 April-June 2019 •
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