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Your Proofness: Sarah Munir Master Storyteller: Sundar Waqar Creativity Analysts: Amna Iqbal, Essa Malik, Jamal Khurshid, Samra Aamir, Talha Ahmed Khan, Munira Abbas and Umar Waqas
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THE EXPRESS TRIBUNE, FEBRUARY 2, 2014
Hi light
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For as long as mankind has walked the Earth, it is likely we have always y recognised patt ys patterns formed by stars in the night sky. Some European cave paintings that date back over 10,000 years carry the marks of star formations that are ffamiliar to us even to this day. The earliest constellations were officially recorded more than 3,000 years ago rs a go by the Babylonians (an ancient civilisation based in what is now modern day Iraq). Let’s take a closer look at stars and their constellations. nstellations.
Astronomers think that a star begins to form as a dense cloud of gas in spiral galaxies. Individual hydrogen atoms fall with increasing speed and energy toward the center of the cloud under the force rce of the star’s gravity. The increase in energy heats the gas. When this process has continued for some me millions of years, the temperature reaches about 20 million degrees Fahrenheit. At this temperature, ure, the hydrogen within the star ignites and burns in a continuing series of nuclear reactions. The onset set of these reactions marks the birth of a star. When a star begins to exhaust its hydrogen supply, its ts life nears an end. The first sign of a star’s old age is a swelling and reddening of its outer regions. Such ch an aging, swollen star is called a red giant. The Sun, a middle-aged star, will probably swell to a red giant in five billion years, vaporising E Earth arth ar and any creatures that may be on its surface. When all its fuel has been exhausted, a star cannott generate enough pressure at its center to balance the crushing force of gravity. The star collapses under the force of its own weight; if it is a small star, it collapses gently and remains collapsed. Such a collapsed star, at its life’s end, is called a white dwarf. The sun will probably end its life in this way. However, a large star collapses differently. Its final collapse causes a violent explosion, blowing the star out into space. There, the materials of the exploded star mix with hydrogen of the universe. Later in the history of the galaxy, other stars are formed out of this mixture. The sun is one of these stars. It contains the remains of countless other stars that exploded before the sun was born. A simple definition of a constellation is a group of stars which form a pattern in the night sky. There are 88 official constellations which are recognised by the International Astronomical Union. Some constellations are only visible in the northern hemisphere, while others are only visible in the southern hemisphere. Constellations that are visible in both hemispheres may appear upside down in the southern hemisphere. A few constellations can be viewed all year long but most are seasonal and can only be viewed at certain times of the year. Distant galaxies and nebulae (cloud of gas or dust in outer space) also form parts of constellations. The sun is the only known star in our galaxy which is not part of a constellation.
THE EXPRESS TRIBUNE, FEBRUARY 2, 2014
Hi light
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In the past, people had great knowledge of the night sky. They were able to tell when to plant and when to harvest, and later they navigated the seas with the stars’ help. Characters of myth and legend were used to name and tell the stories of the stars. Here are a few: • The group of stars that looked like a man with a sword was named Orion, for the famous hunter in Greek mythology. The pattern that looked like twin boys they called Gemini, the Twins. The large, bright group of stars in the shape of a lion is known as Leo. • There are millions of stars, but only 5,780 are visible to the naked eye. • The largest constellation is Hydra, the Sea Serpent. The smallest constellation is Crux, the Southern Cross. • Twelve constellations, together called the Zodiac, form a belt around the Earth. As the Earth revolves around the sun, a different part of the sky becomes visible until, after a year, the Earth has completed one trip and starts again. Each month, one of the 12 constellations appears above the horizon in the east to begin its journey across the sky. Night after night, the constellation appears to move across our sky until it disappears below the horizon in the west and the next constellation appears in the east. • The word Zodiac comes from both Greek and Latin. It means ‘circle of figures’ or ‘circle of life’. • Stars do not stay fixed in the night sky, as the Earth rotates they change position, as a result the night sky will look different at midnight from what it did several hours before or after. Most constellations are also seasonal, meaning that ones that are visible in winter may not be visible in summer and vice-versa.
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THE EXPRESS TRIBUNE, FEBRUARY 2, 2014
Activity
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Supplies needed: • Paper • Heart stencil • Pencil • Scissor • Glue Stick
Make an Envelope from a Heart
Step 1
Step 2
Take a heart shaped stencil and draw it on a piece of paper.
tep 3 SYour paper should look like this.
tep 5 SFold the bottom side upward.
Your envelope is now ready. Want to watch a video guide for this? Log onto Toffeetv.com and check out the activities section!
Cut the heart carefully with the scissor as shown in image.
Step 4 Fold the sides of the heart halfway.
Step 6 Now fold the upper flap down to close the envelope.
THE EXPRESS TRIBUNE, FEBRUARY 2, 2014
Get your weekly dose of the unusual and funny news from across the globe!
Photo-bomb He’s behind you… and photo-bombing your carefully posed picture. The seven-tonne bull elephant secretly appeared in the picture as a group of volunteers snapped away before bidding farewell to the Imire: Rhino and Wildlife Conservation in Wedza, Zimbabwe. “While they were posing for the cameras one of the other handlers had got an elephant called Makavhuzi to go up behind them and stay there. Eventually, they noticed him and turned round and reacted with laughs, surprised looks and smiles.” The elephant was, of course, following in a long and rich tradition of animals stealing the limelight in pictures. Among the most celebrated was Motaba, the silverback gorilla, who enjoyed his 15 minutes of online fame as he struck a terrifying/ hilarious pose behind unaware sisters Ella and Bridget O’Brien while they happily waved bananas outside his enclosure at a zoo in Australia. The animals have taken up photo-bombing as well. METRO.CO.UK
World wide weird
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Skater boy A two-year-old has wowed internet users with his tricks on the skateboard. Kahlei Stone-Kelly, was filmed going up ramps and jumping steps on the streets of Victoria, Australia. At one point the youngster even managed to balance on two wheels. The fearless toddler has been skateboarding for the last 18 months, with his daring moves earning him thousands of views on YouTube. But not everyone has been impressed, with some people disappointed he was allowed to skateboard without safety gear. Kahlei is reportedly the youngest skateboarder on the planet. METRO.CO.UK
Candy puppy Drain it What would you do if you won the lottery? Buy something you needed or head off for vacation? Well, Angela Maier had a different plan. The delighted 63-year-old who won £330,000 in a lottery tore her cash into pieces and flushed it down the toilet. Maier’s win on the German national lottery prompted the care home where her husband died to send her a bill towards his medical expenses, a court heard in her home city of Essen. She opened the letter after downing the champers and — becoming angry — destroyed the cash rather than have some of it taken from her. Maier may have made up the story to avoid paying the bills but it would be difficult to prove, the court heard. She agreed to pay £3,300 in compensation to settle the case. METRO.CO.UK
It’s hard to imagine anyone abandoning this adorable pink puppy. A three-month-old Chihuahua with dyed pink fur was found lying in the street in East Palo Alto, California. She was found with no collar or ID. Staff at the Peninsula Humane Society (PHS), who decided to name her Candy, also discovered a hairline fracture of her rear right leg. “This is a little more unusual than your usual stray dog because the dog had an injury and the dog was dyed,” spokesman Scott Delucchi told SFGate. “It shows some level of care and attachment that someone went to the trouble to do that. You would think that someone who would show that level of attachment would look out for their dog. But this is pretty weird.” They have since found Candy a wonderful new home after hundreds of people expressed an interest in adopting her and once again she has a home to live in. METRO.CO.UK
THE EXPRESS TRIBUNE, FEBRUARY 2, 2014
Did you know?
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Word Origins Candy cane Have you ever had or seen candy cane? Candy cane is the ‘J-shaped’ red and white striped candy that tastes like peppermint and is mostly sold around Christmas time. Wondering why it is J-shaped or striped? Well, the story of the origins of the candy cane lack evidence and may not be true but popular belief is that candy canes got the crook end simply as it made them easier to hang on a tree, (this is also why they are so closely associated with Christmas today). Around the same time candy canes seem to have gotten their crook — many other food items (started to be used to decorate Christmas trees cookies, fruits, candies). About two centuries later, the first known candy cane that popped up in America was also supposedly thanks to a German immigrant, August Imgard, who used the candy cane for this purpose — decorating a Christmas tree in his home in Wooster, Ohio. As to the stripes on the candy canes, this one is more of a modern invention, but even so, is nearly as much of a mystery as the rest of it. In the early 20th century there were many instances of candy canes showing up on Christmas cards with red stripes. Given candy canes were used as much for decoration as eating at this time, it’s not surprising that somebody got the bright idea to put a colorful stripe on them. It should also be noted that a little over a half century or so before stripes were known to be added to candy canes, there is a reference of white peppermint candy sticks with colored stripes added. These weren’t crooked candy canes, but perhaps this helped spur the tradition of stripes on peppermint candy canes when, in the early 20th century, various candy makers started experimenting with other flavours, including peppermint. But who first got that idea to make striped candy canes is still a mystery.
How to say ‘sweets’ in different languages Afrikaans Azerbaijani Basque Catalan Croatian Danish Dutch Estonian Finnish Hungarian Polish Portuges Romanian Welsh
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Lekkers şirniyyat Gozokiak Dolços Slatkiši Slik Snoepgoed Maiustused Makeiset édesség Słodycze Doces Dulciuri Melysion
Cool facts Wolves are excellent hunters and have been found to be living in more places in the world than any other mammal except humans. Most wolves weigh about 40 kilograms but the heaviest wolf ever recorded weighed over 80 kilograms. Adult wolves have large feet. A fully grown wolf would have a paw print nearly 13 centimetres long and 10 centimetres wide. Wolves live and hunt in groups called a pack. A pack can range from two wolves to as many as 20 wolves depending on such factors as habitat and food supply. Most packs have one breeding pair of wolves, called the alpha pair, who lead the hunt. Wolf pups are born deaf and blind while weighing around 0.5 kg (1 lb). It takes about eight months before they are old enough to actively join in wolf pack hunts. Wolves in the Arctic have to travel much longer distances than wolves in the forest to find food and will sometimes go for several days without eating. When hunting alone, the wolf catches small animals such as squirrels, hares, chipmunks, raccoons or rabbits. However, a pack of wolves can hunt very large animals like moose, caribou and yaks.
THE EXPRESS TRIBUNE, FEBRUARY 2, 2014
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Fun & games
Crossword
How carefully did you read this week’s issue of HiFive? If you think you are upto the task, try to solve our special crossword. The answers are all over HiFive! Put on your thinking caps, it is time to put the old noggin to work!
Across 3. Wolves in the Arctic have to travel much longer distances than wolves in the forest to find food and will sometimes go for several days without -------------. 6. Wolves have been found to be living in more places in the world than any other mammal except ------------. 7. A simple definition of a constellation is a group of stars which form a ----------— in the night sky. 8. The ------ — contains the remains of countless other stars that exploded before it was born. 10. A collapsed star, at its life’s end, is called a ----------— dwarf. 11. An aging, swollen ---------— is called a red giant. 12. Astronomers think that a star begins to form as a dense --------— of gas in spiral galaxies. 14. When hunting alone, the wolf catches --------— animals.
Find your Way!
Down 1. Adult wolves have --------— feet. 2. When the pack kills an animal, the alpha pair always eats -------. 4. Wolf pups are born --------— and blind. 5. The earliest official records of -------------— were made more than 3,000 years ago by the Babylonians. 6. Wolves are excellent -----------. 9. Wolves have ---------— layers of fur, an undercoat and a top coat. 13. The sun is the only known star in our ------------— which is not part of a constellation.
THE EXPRESS TRIBUNE, FEBRUARY 2, 2014
Colour it!
Notable Entries for the Liberty Books Card Competition
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