Biomimcry - process book by Eunie Kim

ARO

BIOMIMICRY

SPEK Eunie Kim SEHOON PARK

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1-4 RESEARCH 1

PROJECT BRIEF

INITIAL BRAINSTORM

ANIMAL BACKGROUND

4-5

SPECIAL TRAITS/APPLICATION

6-10 Product CONCEPT 6 7-8 9

MIND MAP/MOODBOARD MARKET RESEARCH/BENCHMARKING CONCEPT SKETCHES

THE PRODUCT

USER DESCRIPTION/STORYBOARD

12-14 PROCESS 12

STEP-BY-STEP

FINAL MODEL

REFERENCES

PROJECT BRIEF BIOMIMICRY —n. new science that studies nature’s models and then emulates these forms, processes, systems, and strategies to solve human problems – sustainably

“LOOK DEEP INTO NATURE, AND THEN YOU WILL UNDERSTAND EVERYTHING BETTER.”

ALBERT EINSTEIN

THE PROBLEM EVERY 2 MINUTES, someone in the U.S. is sexually assaulted. Eight out of 10 of these people are under the age of 30. The statistics do not lie — rape is problem we cannot ignore. Through means of biomimicry, we hope to design a product that will significantly help prevent rape or attack incidences here in the U.S. By discovering and utilizing special traits and behaviors of certain animals, a viable and effective solution may be discovered.

INITIAL IDEAS

GECKO

BAT ECHOLOCATION WING MEMBRANES

COLORATION REGROWTH SETAE (FOOT GRIPS)

NARWHAL ECHOLOCATION MULTI-PURPOSE TUSK

SHARK CARTILAGE DOUBLE JAW INJURY RESISTANT SKIN

ANIMAL BACKGROUND POISON DART FROG FAST FACTS AMPHIBIAN

cold-blooded vertebrate, respirates through skin 3-15 YEAR LIFESPAN

Threatened status in wild APOSEMATIC COLORATION

Bold, colorful skin patterns that deter predator - black, blues, copper, golds, greens, reds, yellows BACKPACKING

Can carry both eggs and tadpoles on backs TOXICITY

500 different bodily alkaloids separated into 20 different structural classes

SIZE

BLUE POISON DART FROG

DIET

HABITAT 3

SPECIAL TRAITS

GREEN AND BLACK POISON DART FROG

VENOM

INSIDE NEEDLES

The poison dart frog secretes poison from its pores when it feels victimized. The venom of one frog is toxic enough to kill ten men. Because of this, our model does not use authentic venom from these organisms. Synthetic venom has been developed, and a less toxic version will be used in the needles of the ARO to inhibit, not kill the attacker. SKIN COLOR

ARO SHELL

Much like the bold and ornate patterns of the poison dart frogâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s skin, the AROâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s exterior shell will mimic the coloration and exquisite print of the organism.

HONEY BEE

STINGER

NEEDLES

Worker bees have a pointed fishhook stinger that is connected to a venom gland in their stomach. They sting only in danger, the same way a person would use a self defense weapon when under attack.

SEE MORE | PAGE 10 Although the honey bee is not the primary organism from which we are deriving our product, we find its stinger shape and use interesting and would like to incorporate it in the form of our product.

VENOM THE NEURON AXON TERMINALS

SYNTHETIC VENOM ABT- 594

DENDRITES NUCLEUS

CELL BODY

NODE

AXON PHANTASMAL POISON FROG carries epibatidine, venom used to derive ABT - 594

SCHWANN CELLS

EFFECT

Venom interferes with transmission of signals towards muscle fibers — signal cannot be passed on to the next neuron — message from brain not delivered to muscle MOST COMMON COMPOUNDS | FOUND IN FROGS

BATRACHOTOXINS — Nerves freeze and muscle is left contracted, long term effects include heart arrhythmias, fibrilation, ultimately failure PUMILIOTOXINS — Less toxic than batrachotoxins by 100 to 1000 times, affects calcium and sodium ion dependent processes within nerve and skeletal muscles HISTRIONICOTOXINS — Blocks ions at end-plate channel of neuron, causing prolonged muscle contraction EPIBATIDINE — Morphine is 200 times less toxic

BACKGROUND

Intended for use as painkiller ABT - 594: one of 500 epibatidine derivatives Potential for epibatidine spans paralysis, temporary nerve damage DISCOVERED

Abbot Laboratories, Chicago 1998 — similar to Alzheimer’s Disease drugs EFFECT

Hinders nerve cells from reacting to harmful mechanical and thermal stimuli TOXICITY

Less toxic than epibatidine Non-addictive 5

MIND MAP OVER THE COUNTER

ARROWHEADS

TRIBAL

SURGICAL

ANESTHESIA

NERVOUS SYSTEM

WARFARE

WEAPONRY

SPRAYS

POISON DART FROG VENOM

BLADES

SECRETION

MEDICAL

DENSE TOXICITY

DOSE SMALL

SELF DEFENSE

SYNTHETIC POISON POTENCY TARGET NERVES

CONVENIENCE MODIFIED WEAPON

HANDHELD THREATENING

PARALYSIS

PAINKILLERS

GUNS

INEXPENSIVE USER SAFETY

SPRAY

INSTANT

TEMPORARY PARALYSIS

POISONOUS NEEDLES RELOADABLE

MOODBOARD

BOLD

PROTECTION

SPEED

STEALTH

MARKET RESEARCH SELF DEFENSE: COMPARING SIMILAR PRODUCTS BERETTA HANDGUN

NCSTAR CROSSBROW

SEVERITY

RAPEAXE

SELF DEFENSE CAT KEYCHAIN

120dB RAPE WHISTLE

KARAMBIT KNIFE

EASTON ARROW SHAFT

ARO KUBOTAN POINTED TIP

POCKET PEPPER SPRAY

SIZE/SCALE

BENCHMARKING RAPE-AXE FEMALE CONDOM

PRICE $2.00 DIMENSIONS Latex, approximately 2.5” long FEATURES Razor-sharp barbs which prevent attacker from vaginal penetration Surgically removeable device which identifies DNA of attacker

KUBOTAN POINTED TIP

PRICE $7.95 DIMENSIONS Aluminum, 5.5” long, 2oz FEATURES Keyring attachment Magnifies strike power Ridged surface for easy grip, control Inflicts short-term paralysis or pain on nerves

KARAMBIT KNIFE

PRICE $31.95 DIMENSIONS Stainless steel blade, 8.75” long, 5.4oz FEATURES Multipurpose hole enables easy grip Contains clip and genuine leather boot sheath Curved form for safe, comfortable handling Doubles as self defense/utility knife 8

CONCEPT SKETCHES INITIAL FORMS

MECHANISM STUDY

REFINED CONCEPT

FINAL FORM

RELOADING

THE PRODUCT

ARO

ARO, or Anti-Rape Object, is a revolutionary and stylish self defense device.

KEYCHAIN Easily attachable

MULTIPURPOSE HOLE Reverse grip hole/keychain

It fires semi-paralyzing needles at your attacker, doubles as a pointed tip, and can be conveniently worn as a keychain or necklace.

KNUCKLE POINT Power with a punch

FEATURE lskdjfjeoweijw HIDDEN TRIGGER Textured for easy grip

SLEEK BODY Fits snuggly in hands

BOLD EXTERIOR Mimics defensive frog skin POINTED TIP Stab your attacker

USER DESCRIPTION AGE

15-55 years DEMOGRAPHIC

Primarily intended for females* concerned with defending themselves against an attacker or rapist

*ARO is a unisex product due to recent increasing rates of male rapes

TARGET AUDIENCE

Teenagers, college students, or young professionals who are/feel endangered when walking alone in unsafe or dark areas

STORYBOARD

PROCESS

1 FORM/ANTHROPOMETRICS TESTING — 100% people choose model on right

MOLDING & VACUUM-FORMING — Two-part mold made of high density foam

3 BUILDING THE MECHANISM — Creating the barrel and trigger

4 FABRICATING NEEDLES— Creating cartridges for user safety

5 PUTTING THE PARTS TOGETHER — Gluing the outer casing shut, applying Bondo

6 FINISHING/CRAFT — Sanding, priming, painting to match pattern

FINAL PRODUCT

REFERENCES COVER | BIOMIMCRY IMAGE of frog retrieved 6 February 2013 from <http://flickr.com> user: nostri-imago 1 | PROJECT BRIEF CONTENT retrieved 28 January 2013 from <http://www.biomimicryinstitute.org/about-us/whatis-biomimicry.html> <http://www.rainn.org/statistics>

<http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/abt/abt.html> <http://www.ch.ic.ac.uk/local/projects/pan/page5. html> <http://www.bio.davidson.edu/Courses/ anphys/2000/Todd/toxin.htm> <Rowbotharn, Michael C. “Efficacy and Safety of the α4β2 Neuronal Nicotinic Receptor Agonist ABT-894 in Patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain.” Pain 153.4 (2012): 862-68. Print.>

IMAGES retrieved 28 January 2013 from <http:// flicker.com> clown fish: user mark_i_geo dark alley: user rdvortex

IMAGES retrieved 7 February 2013 from <http:// flicker.com> neuron: user ethanhein dark alley: user rubund

2 | INITIAL BRAINSTORM CONTENT retrieved 28 January 2013 from <http://animals.nationalgeographic.com>

6 | MIND MAP/MOODBOARD IMAGES retrieved 5 February 2013 from <http:// flicker.com> bold: user zooboing protection: user zimpenfish stealth: user javcon117 IMAGE of speed retrieved 5 February 2013 from <http://news.upperplayground.com/tag/longexposure>

IMAGES retrieved 28 January 2013 from <http:// flicker.com> bat: user g_kovacs gecko: user charlycoste narwhal: user flickerbulb shark: user steve.garner.32 3 | ANIMAL BACKGROUND CONTENT retrieved 30 January 2013 from <http://animals.nationalgeographic.com> <http://www.bio.davidson.edu/Courses/ anphys/2000/Todd/toxin.htm> IMAGE of frog retrieved 30 January 2013 from <http://flicker.com> user: nostri-imago 4 | SPECIAL TRAITS/APPLICATION CONTENT retrieved 1 February 2013 from <http://animals.nationalgeographic.com> <http://www.fcps.edu/> <Dussling, Jennifer. Deadly Poison Dart Frogs. New York, NY: Bearport Pub., 2009. Print.> IMAGE of frog retrieved 1 February 2013 from <http://flicker.com> user: leszekleszczynski IMAGE of honey bee retrieved 7 February 2013 from <http://animals.nationalgeographic.com> 5 | VENOM CONTENT retrieved 7 February 2013 from

7 | BENCHMARKING IMAGES of rape whistle, pepper spray, cat keychain, pen retrieved 4 February 2013 from <http://www. thehomesecuritysuperstore.com> IMAGE of karambit knife retrieved 7 February 2013 from <http://www.knifecenter.com> IMAGE of gun retrieved 4 February 2013 from <http://www.gunwarrior.com> IMAGE of arrow, crossbow retrieved 4 February 2013 from <http://www.amazon.com> IMAGE of rape-axe retrieved 4 February 2013 from <http://www.antirape.co.za> 8 | BENCHMARKING CONTENT retrieved 7 February 2013 from <http://www.thehomesecuritysuperstore.com> <http://www.knifecenter.com> <rapeaxe.com> 11 | USER DESCRIPTION/STORYBOARD IMAGE of girl retrieved 6 February 2013 from <http://hey-insomia.tumblr.com/post/104701019/ one-of-the-things-i-love-doing-walking-alone-on>

SPEK EUNIE KIM

SEHOON PARK

EUNIE is a sophomore majoring in Industrial Design at the University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign. When sheâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s not in the studio, she works as a Design Editor at The Daily Illini student newspaper. Her interests include traveling to faraway places, reblogging Harry Potter gifs on Tumblr and decorating white canvas shoes with crazy patterns and colors. After she graduates, she hopes to find a job in sunny California encompassing all of her interests: design, fashion, film and pop culture.

SEHOON is a sophomore majoring in Industrial Design at the University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign. Outside of the classroom, he enjoys playing guitar and giving people haircuts. He has experience participating in MMA, jujitsu and kendo. His hobbies include handling and researching weapons such as knives and swords, taking care of pets and listening to Christian music. In the future, he would like to see people using the gadgets, toys and weapons that he designed.

ARO