Vienna´s Urban Development Plan 2005 www.wien.at/stadtentwicklung/step mail to: step@m18.magwien.gv.at Coordinated by D.I. Mittringer MA 18, Department for Urban Development
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CONTENTS
Areas of Urban Development Activity
13 Key Development Areas
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II Tasks, Methodology and Principles
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An Urban Development Plan...
Broadly determines the controlled development of the city Highlights the interrelated nature of the city and its surrounding region Acts as a guideline for detailed planning and financial priorities Makes the Development interests of the city’s authorities transparent for the public Gives Investors orientation and security
Reasons for making a new plan… Globalisation EU accession 1995 Integration of the 10 new member states 2004 „Home-made“ Impacts of World Cultural Heritage
Economic competition of conurbations Development of new regions (settlements and transport/traffic towards the south and east) Significant changes in the economic structure, functional divisions, space requirements, Suburbanisation, the movement of trade and service centres towards the periphery Tourist identification, changing needs of the economy
II Tasks, Methodology and Principles
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Goals of the Urban Development Plan
Becoming of more competive city through attractive locations, securing supply infrastructure Expanding of the “Greenbelts” with Lower Austria Concentrating of development along public transport routes Increasing of the proportion of environmentally acceptable modes of transport Securing and improving of the quality of life
The STEP 05 builds on stable long-term plans and concepts (Strategy Plan 2004, MPV 03, KLIP 2000, Greenbelt Vienna 95, STEP 94,... ).
II Tasks, Methodology and Principles
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The Relationship of the STEP with other Programmes and Concepts / 04
II Tasks, Methodology and Principles
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The Process of Elaborating, Steps Making the plan in a dialogue with internal and external experts: Thematic workshops (e.g. sustainability, gender mainstreaming, economic and demographic development, social aspects, urban sprawl, participation) Periodically Discussions with politicians and citizens (Public) through various medias Implementation: Measures (conservation and development interests) that are tailored to specific areas (City, Gründerzeit, urban fringe,...) and functions. Identifying of 13 key development areas, making of action plans Acting as a Spatial guideline for the future (technical concepts, master plans, land-use zoning and action plans).
Monitoring und Evaluation Regular reports to the City Council (Urban Development Report in 5 years Period) Developing a set of indicators to measure/control achievements of objectives Monitoring implementation activities in 13 key development areas Updating the plan
II Tasks, Methodology and Principles
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Fundamentals and Principles: Quality of Life and Sustainability Cross - Cutting Issues: Quality of life relates to all sectors of life: Work, habitation, leisure, culture, social security as well as the security of people and property. Indicators:
3 Dimensions of sustainable development:
• Availability of social & spatial access to employment,
• Environmental sustainability • Environmental and social compatibility and the conservation of resources. • Social and societal sustainability
• Social and spatial access to public services and cultural infrastructure • Diversity of supply and the freedom of choice • Security and stability • Possibility to participate • Equal opportunities and Gender Mainstreaming • Economic sustainability II Tasks, Methodology and Principles
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Fundamentals and Principles: Quality of Life and Sustainability Quality of Life as a Cross-cutting Issue Affects all sectors of life
Green
Space
Mobility
Living Culture
II Tasks, Methodology and Principles
Social
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Participation Goal: Through participatory processes the citizens will identify themeselves with the planning outcomes Prescribed legal instruments: Land-use and zoning plans EIA for large projects SEA on European level
Local Agenda 21 in Vienna (Viennese Model) Participation of citizens in local planning A new cooperation´s culture (politics, administration and public)
Public Participation in the STEP 05 Generally the more abstract, stategic, programmatic and broad the themes are, the more difficult it becomes to interest public.(...)
II Tasks, Methodology and Principles
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Gender Mainstreaming Gender Mainstreaming Ensuring Gender Equality Respecting the perspectives of men & women in different phases of life Legal basis • Amsterdam contracts 1998 - 1999 • EU – regulations and funding programmes • National guidelines (§41 – B-GBG) Grundausbildungsverordnung BMGF • Law for Equal Treatment of Men and Women - City of Vienna (1996) Government decision 2001 Conference – Exec. City Councillor II Tasks, Methodology and Principles
Best-Practices • • • •
Strategy Plan 200/04 Transport Master Plan 2003 Game „Gender City“ Forum Theatre „Gender in the City“
Gender Mainstreaming in the STEP – Working Process • Gender specific data gathering and analysis • Applying the principals in working-groups and workshops • Thematic Workshops Approved: 24. 05. 2005
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Diversity in the STEP
Policy on Diversity Objective:
ƒ Making variety visible and a part of daily life in the city
Equal opportunities for all citizens
ƒ Promoting integration and the coexistence of different cultures
through measures in fields of education, employment, health sectors and the property market
ƒ Making use of the creative, cultural and economic potential of immigrants
....Immigrants are not a minority, but are an essential part of the Viennese population... II Tasks, Methodology and Principles
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III Initial Position and Challenges
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Vienna in the international and regional context: Due to increased economic and regional interaction, Vienna is more strongly affected by European and world-wide trends (globalisation). Furthermore, it has become clear that many demands of the economy cannot be met by the historic fabric of the city centre and, or even within the city boundaries (> CENTROPE). Demographic and social change 2000 - 2020 migration into Vienna: 72,800 to 144,800 people. This equates to an increase in growth of 5-9 percent in over 20 years. This would result in the biggest population in Vienna since 1939 (1.7 million inhabitants). The proportion of elderly is set to increase significantly. At present 24% of the population were not born in Austria.
III Initial Position and Challenges
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Demographic and Social Change Assumptions made in the population forecast *) Base scenario Positive and stable economic development High investment in attractive residential construction Expanding education and research facilities Openness towards immigration Î Î Î
Outward migration into the surrounding regions can be stabilised and reduced slightly. Migration into Vienna and the surrounding regions from Austria and foreign countries Inward migration from the expanded EU region is set to increase slightly. (in particular in second decade) *) Source: Population Forecast 2000-2030
III Initial Position and Challenges
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Population Development – Future Prospects Population Forecast (Scenarios) 1.850.000
Forecast 2002
Population
1.800.000
MA 18/ÖAW 2000-2030
1.750.000
MA 18/ÖAW 1996-2021 ÖROK 1996-2021
1.700.000
SUPer NOW alt SUPer NOW Var. Vorschlag STEP
1.650.000
ÖSTAT 2000-2050
1.600.000
Forecast 1998
1.550.000
1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 Jear III Initial Position and Challenges
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Population Development*) total 2000 – 2020: Base Scenario Dynamic Dynamic economy, economy, attractive attractive environment environment (living, (living, education) education)
Total change <0 0 – 10,000 10,000 - 20,000 20,000 – 30,000 > 30,000
4,100 4,600
Austria
International 00 3 , 3
Regions
1,716,000
*) Source: Bevölkerungsvorausschätzung 2000-2030, MA18
III Initial Position and Challenges
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Population Change in Viennaâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;s Districts: Base Scenario + Variation 1+ 2 + 3 Growth Growth between between 72,000 72,000 and and 140,000 140,000 people people Most Most growth growth in in the the north-east north-east and and south south of of Vienna. Vienna.
Development 2000 - 2020 (total) III Initial Position and Challenges
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Initial Position and Challenges
1.
The processes of urban renewal and expansion will take place simultaneously in future.
2.
Keeping of the existing qualities of the urban structure and design will be the focus target of the future.
3.
Development of central locations accessable with public transportation is the main goal of urban development.
4.
Functional additions and interconnections with the region â&#x20AC;&#x201C; especially with the twin-city of Bratislava â&#x20AC;&#x201C; have to be developed with high ranking transport infrastructure.
5.
A modal split-relationship of 45% to 55% (MIV) is the goal for traffic that crosses the city boundary.
III Initial Position and Challenges
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IV Target Areas of Urban Planning Activities
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Levels of Regional Cooperation The new geopolitical situation of Vienna through: 1989: the fall of the „Iron Curtain“ 1995: Becoming EU - member 2004: EU - Expansion
IV Areas of Urban Planning Activities
>
stronger Cooperation on
International level („CENTROPERegion“)
Trans-regional level („Vienna Region“ = PGO - Region)
Interaction between Vienna and the neighbouring cities (periphery)
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Proportion of Environmentally Friendly Transport (Public Transport, Bicycle, on Foot)
Viennese Population
Commuters
Public Transport, Cycling, Pedestrian Individual Motorised Transport
IV Areas of Urban Planning Activities
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Areas of Cooperation of the City & Hinterland Region
Biosphere region for the area Vienna-BratislavaGyör – Guidelines „Green Centre“ Goal: Creating an efficient management of the City & Hinterland
IV Areas of Urban Planning Activities
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City â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Hinterland Management (SUM) Steering Committee: Directives from SUM, strategic SUMlinkages, Processing suggestions for the city & surroundings forums and from project ideas. City-Hinterland-Forums: Political platform for the exchange of knowledge, projects initiation, suggestions, discuss comprehensive projects and concepts. City-Hinterland-Management: Information node, collection and clearing point for transboundary issues, organises the City-HinterlandForums and steering committee, project coordination, public relations work. IV Areas of Urban Planning Activities
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Regional Spatial Guideline VIENNA IN CENTROPE - Region
Development areas along regional development axes (main public transport routes) Linkages between Vienna and the regions, expanding important infrastructure
Protection of large areas of natural landscapes
The polycentric principle in the development of settlements IV Areas of Urban Planning Activities
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Räumliches Leitbild der Stadtentwicklung Wien Keeping large green spaces, protecting the inner city green spaces, drawing a settlement boundary
Polycentric Principle, weak hierarchical differentiation, Multi-Sub-Centres System Office spaces concentrated outside the centres
Gradients in building densities, development along settlement axes (connected to public transport) IV Areas of Urban Planning Activities
Linkages between Vienna and the regions, especially provision of main infrastructure, transportation
Summary of the 3 thematic guidlines • Compact development along public transport routes • Securing the Greenbelt around Vienna •Polycentric development that ensures a decentralised supply of goods and services
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ECO - Spatial Guideline
IV Areas of Urban Planning Activities
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Economy and Employment A: Economic Areas Development Areas of Economic Significance Economic market is oriented towards global economic networks as well as the public-privatepartnerships â&#x20AC;&#x201C; PPP developments
IV Areas of Urban Planning Activities
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Economy and Employment The development of larger office and retail projects plays an important role in developing and positioning the city as a business location in CENTROPE â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Region based on the networkeconomy. This network only offers oportunities through land supply. Accessibility and access to information are necessary for participation in the network. It is important to check supply with the demand factors (accessibility, land, building size,...) In order to generate positive economic effects, transport and traffic planning must become a part of decisions on business location. Links to the road network are a significant consideration for production-related businesses, distribution and logistics companies. Also main public transport links, such as the underground and local trains and the accessibility of the airport and the main urban centres.
Bahnhof Wien â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Europa Mitte
Flugfeld Aspern
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Economy and Employment
B: Protecting the Industrial and Commercial Sectors and SMEs (not an exclusively market-oriented view, the aspect of supply) Industry, retailers and SMEs in densely built up urban areas should be retained to secure the production base and the supply of goods and services (concept â&#x20AC;&#x161;small citiesâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;, providing as many goods and services from within a given urban area as possible, also contributing toward better quality of life of the ageing population). Large-scale retail and industrial parks form a basis for the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;s economy. Such areas should be retained and to a certain extent preferred. Since production techniques are becoming less and less environmentally damaging, the integration of commercially compatible land-uses can be used to break up large monofunctional urban areas.
IV Areas of Urban Planning Activities
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Economy and Employment C: The Functions of Centres (New formulation of the centres-system) Urban centres perform the most important economic function in a city. In the 80s and 90s, such areas were clearly dominated by the shopping street system that had evolved over time. Today, the movement of shopping centres â&#x20AC;&#x201C; and recently also office centres- towards the periphery has led to less historically influenced developments and towards a more polycentric system. The development of a new center typology is the result . It is suggested that the CBD function is to be adopted by subcentres in the areas Erdberger Mais, Aspern and the train station Vienna-Central-Europe (reserves of land and the possible access to modes of public transport and the airport). The shopping streets should be protected through a combination of measures. Stable Viennese shopping street
IV Areas of Urban Planning Activities
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UNESCO-World Cultural Heritage – Historic Centre of Vienna Core zone: 3,71 km² - 1.600 Objects Pufferzone: 4,61 km² - 2.950 Objects Insgesamt ca. 2% des Wiener Stadtgebiets
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SCS, 312.000 m²
Sales Area Vienna (and Hinterland) 2004
IV Areas of Urban Planning Activities
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Guideline - Green areas and Leisure Spaces
IV Areas of Urban Planning Activities
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Access to Green Spaces Vienna is known as a green city. The surface area of the urban area is approximately 41,490 ha. • • •
15,709 ha of this area is green space including Greenbelt 2,217 ha are public parks of the city or state 1.925 ha is water
In total, the population of Vienna can access 19,851 hectares of green and leisure space – this equates to 48 % of the entire urban area. Green Spaces in the Urban Region The landscapes of the city‘s region are diverse, creating An environment that is varied in character, challenges And potentials. The protection and further development of such landscapes is crucial to keep such regions alive. The guiding principle ‚Green Space in the Urban Region‘ Defines the boundaries between such landscapes and the built-up city. IV Areas of Urban Planning Activities
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Recreation Areas Development beyond the city boundary is forbidden. This will create equal conditions for the natural landscapes Bisamberg, the culturally significant Marchfeld, the area along the Danube and the national park Donau-Auen, terraced landscapes in the south of Vienna and the Wienerwald. The Viennese greenbelt policy practically forbids any development. It is secured through the nature conservation law of 1905. Green and Open Spaces in the Urban Area Nearly half the Viennese population lives in areas that are located at least 500 metres from parks within the built environment (such as Augarten, Belvedere, Schweizergarten, Türkenschanzpark and Kongresspark). Goals: • Considering the typical form of the urban landscape • Preserving the small scale interlocking relationship between built-up and green spaces • Improving the accessibility to the green and open spaces • Not encroaching waterways • Taking the objectives of the ‚Nature Network‘ into consideration. IV Areas of Urban Planning Activities
Planquadrat
Andreaspark
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Guideline - Construction Development
In the map guiding construction development, no outward expansion is necessary. In particular, the greenbelt is to remain untouched settlement boundaries, compact city development
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Outward Urban Development
Publik transport
Recreation Areas
Compact form of residential areas
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Urban Development â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Medium Density
GFZ gross: 0,89 GFZ net: 1,28
IV Areas of Urban Planning Activities
GFZ gross: 1,14 GFZ net: 1,82
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Development Priorities Sustainable urban development includes the principle of a ‚compact urban development‘ (The city of short paths‘, ‚small-city-concept‘...) as well as the preference of brownfield over greenfield development. Many planning processes must be carried out in parallel: 1.
Inner city regeneration
2.
Projects focused on internal urban expansion (Bahnhof Wien-Europa Mitte)
3.
Projects focused on outward urban expansion (e.g. Flugfeld Aspern)
IV Areas of Urban Planning Activities
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Development Priorities Areas with particularly high development potential are illustrated in the following maps, showing the main areas designated for urban development (in development stages and showing the priorities for transport infrastructure.)
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Habitation Demand for Property The level of construction in the next years will depend heavily on population and economic development. • Assuming an average occupancy figure of 1.8 - 2.2 people per dwelling, the future demand for property due to population growth is 50,000 dwellings in the base scenario (2000-2020, margin of +/-16,500). This equates to a demand for roughly 2,500 dwellings per year. • The future demand for residential construction is not only dependent on the quantitative developement of the population, but also on the qualitative changes in living needs and the trend towards an increase in floor space per inhabitant. Construction Activity Financially supported construction activity will aim to supply, on average, 6,000 dwellings per year (margin 5-7,000 dwellings/year)
Block buildings from the Gründerzeit
Aspanggründe
Continuing urban regeneration, urban density, quality control of newbuilds (contracting competitions), inner city expansion (brownfield), experimental/cutting-edge architecture; green residential forms Inter-cultural Living
IV Areas of Urban Planning Activities
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Densily Built Up Areas: Urban Renewal
IV Areas of Urban Planning Activities
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V Objective Areas of Urban Development
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13 Objective Areas of Urban Development
V Urban Planning Target Areas of Vienna
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Objective Area: Central Railway Station Vienna & Erdberger Mais
ﾂア strategic project in the Strategy Plan 04 ﾂキarge reserves of land which have development potential: - Trainstation VIE: 3.600 living units, 25.120 Apl. - Eurogate: 22 hectare - Erdberger Mais: 12.000 inhabitants, 45.000 Apl. V Urban Planning Target Areas of Vienna
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Objective Area: U2 Donaustadt – Flugfeld Aspern
It is envisaged that this site with potential will be developed into a centre with regional level linkages Flugfeld: > 200 hectare •In 1. Ausbaustufe (U2): 5.000 living units, 3.000 Apl., •ab S1: > 8.500 living units; > 20.000 Apl.
V Urban Planning Target Areas of Vienna
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13 Objective Areas - Implementation Since there are expansive cross-district networks in Vienna, District Development Plans and planning on this level will not be carried out. They will be replaced by multi-district programmes (in the sense of a program management). Support teams (districts, authorities, departments, citizen boards) will be created to assist the making and implementation of programmes. From 2006 onwards, the specific location of target areas, the tasks, and the sequence the working steps will be developed intensively with help from the Department 21 (after a responsible contact person has been named). The work on the programme will be carried out sequentially, which will allow the concentration of expert and support capacities on a manageable number of programmes (which will partly entail very different working approaches). Despite the different working approaches, some minimum standards for these tasks should characterize the process, such as project leaders, a limited project length, a timeplan, milestones, stakeholder participation, public relations, participatory approaches,...) All districts, relevant actors of all affected institutions and representatives of the population and economy are invited to participate in the creation and implementation process. V Urban Planning Target Areas of Vienna
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