H4644 weedguide (053117)

Driven by innovation Inspired by nature

HERBICIDES Pre-emergent Weed Management Guide Corral® Gemini® 3.7SC Gemini® Granular OH2® Rout®

An ICL Fertilizers Company

INTRODUCTION:

Fundamentals of good weed management

The economics of good weed management

Apply pre-emergent herbicide before weeds sprout, preferably no more than 48-72 hours after canning.

Activate the granular herbicide with irrigation or rainwater according to label directions.

Calibrate your application equipment, then monitor the rate of application to make sure you are getting the full spectrum and duration of control.

Identify weeds correctly. Each herbicide controls certain weed species but not others. If you are having trouble controlling one or more weed species, have them identified by a weed scientist and then build a program that serves your specific need.

There’s no doubt about it – controlling weeds is one of the most expensive tasks faced by any nursery. One study showed that weeding a single acre requires an average of 624 employee hours. In USDA Zone 7 and higher, it’s a continuous battle. And while growers in northern zones may think they have a “rest period”, crops in cold frames can become infested with winter annuals like bittercress, chickweed and henbit.

Controlling weeds is expensive, however, not controlling them costs even more.

As weeds compete for sunlight, nutrients and water, crops can be severely stunted.

Purslane

Manage water and fertilizer applications so you don’t accidentally create an environment so hospitable, weed seedlings survive despite pre-emergent herbicides.

Use good cultural practices and keep the nursery clean. Remove weeds from non-crop areas, filter irrigation water to prevent waterborne weed seed movement, pull or spray breakthrough weeds, and use fresh media and containers.

Don’t disturb the herbicide barrier. Simple but important tasks like spacing a crop should be done immediately prior to a pre-emergent herbicide application.

Read and follow the label instructions…each time. Labels can change; plants are added and removed, rates are adjusted because of performance or environmental issues.

For example, one redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) in a pot can reduce plant growth by 45%!

Nursery growers need effective solutions for controlling weeds with minimal production costs. The best course of action is to use multiple techniques to stop weeds before they reduce the value of your crops.

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TABLE OF

CONTENTS The economics of good weed management............................................. 2 Fundamentals of good weed management.............................................. 3 Weed control in field-grown nursery operations....................................... 4 Scouting out weeds................................................................................ 4-5 Weed control in containers........................................................................ 5 Weed identification.............................................................................. 6-11 Pre-emergent herbicide control and suppression.................................12-13 How to design an effective herbicide program................................... 14-15 Sample sprayable herbicide rotation schedules.................................. 16-18 Sample granular herbicide rotation schedules................................... 20-22 Weeds controlled by active ingredient(s)................................................ 23

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Weed control in containers

Weed control in field-grown nursery operations

Herbicides work best when they are not the first line of defense, so sanitation is key. Since weeds will grow almost anywhere, a smart nursery operator will broaden the scope of weed management to beyond the crop fields.

Eliminate them from areas such as water courses, roadsides and fence lines. Plant turf grasses where applicable, mow appropriately and treat for grass and broadleaf weed species. Preserve clean roadways by maintaining proper gravel depth and using an appropriate herbicide program. Consider planting a windbreak around the nursery perimeter to reduce windborne weed seed.

Maintain a high degree of sanitation in propagation areas—beneath benches and in containers to minimize future weed potential.

In display beds, maintain mulch depth and treat with pre-emergent herbicides to prevent weed seeds from

Preventing and/or stopping weed problems requires extra attention with container crops. Newly planted containers are simply an ideal place for weeds to sprout.

germinating. Spot-treat with post-emergent herbicides to kill existing and breakthrough weeds.

In the nursery itself, remove containers that don’t have a crop plant (skips), so they don’t become infested with weeds. If reusing containers, it’s a wise cultural practice to wash them with a pressure washer before potting to remove weed seeds. Try not to reuse propagation containers, especially if there is a history of weeds coming from the liners. Be aware that reusing growing media from cull pots or incorporating regrinds into the mix can introduce weed seeds into newly potted containers.

Clean the ground cover between crops because many weeds can survive and reproduce in the small volume of growing media that collects on top of the weed barrier fabric. If the beds are gravel, spray with pre- and post-emergent herbicides between crops.

Replenish the gravel base as needed.

First, weed seeds need sunlight to germinate. Newly canned plants have little canopy to shade the media surface, so weed seeds get plenty of sunshine. Second, there are no herbicides labeled for use on liners, so they are notorious for being a source of problem weeds. Third, warm, moist propagation houses have ideal conditions for weed growth.

After potting, make sure to get the herbicide applied within 24 to 48 hours. Many weeds can start emerging in seven days or less, and pre-emergents must do their work before that happens. It’s easy to miss the pre-emergent application window unless the nursery designates an herbicide tracker and weed scout.

Match the herbicide to the types of weeds you struggle with. Refer to your weed scout’s records from previous years when choosing your herbicides.

Timing and escaped weed removal are the most important considerations when treating containers that are not freshly potted. Some herbicides offer protection for only 60 days, while others can provide 90 days or more of protection.

Most growers need to apply three or four applications per year. In areas where winter poly isn’t needed, four or five applications are probably more appropriate.

No matter what, it’s imperative that a crew goes through the crop and removes any existing weeds prior to making another herbicide application. Weeds that are already growing cannot be controlled with a pre-emergent herbicide.

Follow the label directions closely because most recommend at least one good watering prior to the first herbicide application to settle the media. After application, the herbicide must be activated with another irrigation application.

Oxalis

SCOUTING OUT WEEDS

1. A SSIGN A WEED SCOUT. It is imperative to have one or two people dedicated to weed scouting in your operation. There are three primary objectives for weed scouts: to create a nursery-specific catalog/map of weed species, to maintain a germination calendar and to monitor and record herbicide efficacy.

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2. E STABLISH A UNIFORM PATTERN OF SCOUTING. Begin each season with a plant-byplant walk-through. After that, the scouts can check the perimeter of each bed thoroughly and then simply spot-check the interior of the blocks.

3. T AKE A WEED INVENTORY. There is no need to take an exact count, but the most prevalent weeds should be listed by category (annual, simple perennial, creeping perennial, noxious).

The scout should look for weed patterns – are they spread evenly through the block or found only in specific areas?

4. U SE THE DATA TO IMPROVE NEXT SEASON’S PLAN. The weed scout’s findings should help you gauge the effectiveness of your herbicide program. A uniform appearance of a particular weed might mean you need a different active ingredient. Infrequent clumps of weeds might indicate that the application procedure may be missing some pots.

5. S COUT LINERS AND GROWING MEDIA, TOO. Without a herbicide labeled for use on liners, weed scouts should examine liners carefully. Growing media stored outdoors should also be carefully scouted for sprouting seeds.

Container media should be stored on a concrete pad on higher ground, preferably with walls surrounding three sides.

Clover

Black Medic

Similar weeds often must be controlled with different active ingredients. Weed scouts should be trained to look for subtle differences, such as the pattern of leaf veins, smooth versus serrated leaf edges, and leaf placement on the stem.

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LIGULES MAY BE:

Seedhead

Weed identification

GRASSY WEED CHARACTERISTICS Membranous

Hairy

Absent

Ligule

Spikelet

AURICLES MAY BE:

Blade Auricles

Grassy Weeds

Long, claw-like

Sheath Node Midrib Tiller

It’s best to start by determining what types of weeds you are facing: annual or biennial grasses, perennial grasses, annual or biennial broadleaves or perennial broadleaves. Annuals live for a single year. Biennials germinate from seed the first year and flower, produce seed, and eventually die in the second year.

Absent

COLLARS MAY BE: Collar

The first step to an effective weed management program is knowing which weeds to target. One herbicide might knock out 200 weed species, but that could leave another 200 types free to rob your crops of nutrients, water and light.

Weed identification is not a simple task. Some species are very closely related and difficult to tell apart, especially when they are immature. However, you and your weed scout can learn to recognize the major weed species well enough to determine which ones you need to attack with a herbicide rotation program.

Short, stubby

Leafbud

Continuous

Divided

Broad or Narrow

Broadleaf Weeds LEAFBUDS MAY BE:

Perennials germinate from seed the first year, but can live indefinitely because they can regenerate from underground crowns or stems. They continue to grow and flower year after year and spread by stolons or rhizomes.

Each category is also divided into warm-season (summer) or coolseason (winter), which determines the best time to control each group of weeds. Warm-season weeds germinate in the spring.

Annual warm-season weeds die in autumn, while perennials go dormant. Their cool-season counterparts germinate in the fall and either die or go dormant the following summer.

Stolon

Rolled in the bud

Rhizome

Folded in the bud

Leaves Alternate

LEAF SHAPES Petiole

Generally, the difference between a grassy and a broadleaf weed is obvious once the plant has grown. In the earliest stages, however, you can tell the difference between a grassy and a broadleaf weed from the way it emerges from seed, as shown here.

BROADLEAF WEED CHARACTERISTICS Cotyledons (seed leaf) are the first single leaf or the first pair of leaves visible and are commonly used in identifying weeds.

COTYLEDON SHAPES

Ochrea

CORDATE

All grassy, or monocot, weeds emerge with a single leaf that exhibits veins that run parallel to each other.

The seedhead (inflorescence) is arranged in a spike, panicle, etc.

Spikelets are small units in the seedhead that contain the seed parts.

Leaves tend to be long, narrow and pointed. Vernation (the arrangement of leaves in the bud shoot) is rolled or folded. Ligules clasp the stem at the junction of the leaf blade and sheath. The collar (where the blade and the sheath join on the outer side) is generally much lighter in color. Auricles are found on either side of the collar and may be claw-like, long or short.

Rhizomes are underground stems that can produce new plants, while stolons are horizontal, above ground stems capable of producing new plants.

LANCEOLATE

PINNATELY LOBED

OVATE

SPATULATE LINEAR LANCEOLATE

Leaf Midvein MONOCOT

Cotyledons (opposite) Similar annual grasses can be identified by the seedhead. From left: foxtail, goosegrass, crabgrass, barnyard grass.

Broadleaf, or dicot, weeds emerge with two leaves with veins that form a net-like pattern.

Broadleaf weeds that look similar at emergence, such as speedwell and chickweed can be distinguished by their mature leaves and flowers.

OVATE

DISSECTED

Leaves (opposite)

TOOTHED

Hypocotyl

ROUND

OVAL

KIDNEY

Other characteristics used in identifying broadleaf weeds include leaf shape and leaf placement. (see left)

DICOT

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WEED IDENTIFICATION

WEED IDENTIFICATION

Common Groundsel Annual Bluegrass Annual bluegrass is the most common and widely adapted grassy weed in the world.

The leaf tips are boat-shaped and show prominent membranous ligule and a shallow, fibrous root system.

• Winter annual • Bunching, upright leaf habit • Seedheads mature in late summer

• P refers cool weather and will go dormant in heat; more prolific in wet seasons •H undreds, if not thousands of biotypes

• Winter or summer annual • Elongated leaves with a blunt, rounded tip; alternate on stem • First leaves have shallow teeth; mature leaves are more deeply lobed • Clustering flowers are bright yellow and open to release white-tufted seeds

• Grows in virtually any kind of soil; full sun or partial shade

• Grows best in moist fertile soil, but also found along roadsides • Appears to favor cooler weather during the spring or fall • Look for black tips on the bracts to distinguish groundsel from other thistles

Bittercress

Goosegrass

Bittercress matures and produces seed quickly, so one plant can produce several generations in a single year. While technically an annual, it can perform as a biennial if seedlings germinate late.

With stems radiating out of a distinctive white center, goosegrass (also called wiregrass) has a flattened appearance, as if it has been stepped on repeatedly.

• Winter annual but can germinate year-around • Grows in a small mounded clump, generally 4-8 inches tall and wide • Small, white flowers have four petals and appear much of the year

• Prefers moist soil •M ost prolific from late fall through early spring • Sometimes cultivated and used as a salad green

• Summer annual •G rows as a compressed, silvery-green rosette • S eedheads composed of 2-13 spikes with two rows of flattened spikelets that look like a zipper

•U sually found in full sun and often in poorly drained or compacted soil • Germinates in middle or late summer •C an be confused with smooth crabgrass; smooth crabgrass leaves are rolled in the bud, while goosegrass leaves are folded

Common Chickweed

Large & Smooth Crabgrass

Low-growing chickweed has creeping stems so it can quickly form large, dense patches.

It is found throughout North America.

Distinguished by their tapered leaves and split sheaths with hairless margins, crabgrass can show either hairy or smooth blades. Seedlings are upright, leaves are rolled in the bud.

• Winter annual • Bright green, broadly oval leaves are about 1/4-inch long and sit opposite on stems • Small, star-shaped white flowers appear in spring

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Common groundsel is an early season weed in the northern U.S., but can grow all year in coastal areas of California. It can produce 25,000 or more seeds per plant under optimal conditions.

• P refers cool, moist, shady, often compacted soil • Germinates in spring and autumn; may persist through summer if protected from heat and drought • Mouse-ear chickweed looks very similar, but is densely covered with small hairs

• Summer annual • Prostrate with tips ascending up to 60 cm long, branching at lower nodes but not rooting • Seedhead composed of 2-6 spikes at the top of stems, purplish flowers from August to September

• Tolerates hot, dry, compacted soil when established • Germinates later in the season at higher soil temperatures • Smooth crabgrass does not root at the nodes like large crabgrass

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WEED IDENTIFICATION

Oxalis

Willow Herb

Oxalis, or creeping red sorrel, develops deep, thick taproots, which make this weed difficult to hand pull from containers. It is generally considered a noxious weed in turfgrass.

• Perennial • Grows in rounded clumps with three heart-shaped leaflets radiating from a central axis and creating a shamrock shaped leaf

Common to the Pacific Northwest, willow herb germinates rapidly and grows vigorously.

Recently potted containers are the most susceptible to infestation from this weed.

• F avors undisturbed locations and well-drained soil

• Perennial

• Often mistaken for fireweed

• Germinates in late summer

• Simple, upright leaf habit

• S imilar to yellow woodsorrel, but has greener foliage and grows in clumps

• Flowers are white to pink

• Germinates in low light (e.g., under crop canopy) in a wide range of temperatures

• Seeds are attached tufts of hair, which aids in wind dispersal

• Bright yellow, five-petal flowers

• Grows equally well in full sun and full shade

Purple Oxalis

Prostrate Spurge Prostrate spurge develops a central taproot that produces a flat, highly branched mat of stems measuring up to two feet in diameter. Broken stems release a milky sap that can irritate the skin.

• Summer annual • Prostrate stems have small, opposite oval leaves • Germinates in warm soil from 60 to 90°F

• Very small, inconspicuous, cup-shaped flowers form clusters from June to October

OTHER TROUBLESOME WEEDS

•G rows well in hot, dry weather and in poor, drought-stressed turf

Annual Sedge

Barnyard Grass

Carpet Weed

Common Speedwell

Fall Panicum

Fiddleneck

Knotweed

Lambsquarters

Pigweed

Purslane

Sandbur

Sowthistle

Shepherdspurse

Wild Oat

Yellow Foxtail

Yellow Woodsorrel Yellow woodsorrel emerges from a taproot and forms small, erect, bushy plants up to 20 inches tall. This robust weed will spread rapidly and is considered noxious in turfgrass.

• May behave as an annual or perennial depending on climate

•G rows well in moist, fertile soil but tolerates dry seasons if well established

• Yellow Woodsorrel has a compound leaf with heart-shaped leaflets that grow from a central axis creating a shamrock shaped leaf.

•C ommonly seen from mid-spring to mid-autumn

• Yellow, five-petal flowers appear from May to September

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• A type of oxalis, but has gray-green foliage and tends to be more prostrate

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Granular weed control For decades these grower-trusted formulations have proven their worth in rotation by consistently and effectively suppressing even the most troublesome weeds and annual grasses. The benefits: heightened confidence and improved profitability.

Liquid pre-emergent herbicide control and suppression

Gemini™ 3.7 SC is specially formulated for nursery use and features a selective combination of Prodiamine and Isoxaben (the same actives found in Barricade® and Gallery®)*. This new pre-emergent herbicide provides outstanding control due to the dual efficacy of these proven actives, available for the first time in a convenient, pre-mixed formulation.

Advantages: Control: Suspended concentrate creates a uniform and prolonged herbicide barrier; greatly decreases the potential risk of profit-robbing weed breakthroughs

Introducing Gemini 3.7 SC– Control times two

FORMULATION 3.7 SC (Suspended Concentrate)

Isoxaben: Disrupts cell wall development APPLICATION RATES 1 fl oz/1000 sq ft or 43.5 fl oz/acre 2 fl oz/1000 sq ft or 87 fl oz/acre

Flexibility: Can be applied in the spring or fall for season-long control of weeds** Performance: Controls or suppresses more than 125 broadleaf and annual grasses, including: annual bluegrass, bittercress, chickweed, crabgrass, goosegrass, groundsel, henbit, oxalis and spurge

RESTRICTED USE NO

ACTIVE INGREDIENTS: Prodiamine........................................0.40% Isoxaben...........................................0.25%

Spurge, oxalis, groundsel, crabgrass and other nuisance weeds are no match for Rout.® It exhibits good crop tolerance on over 130 different ornamentals, cut flowers and foliage crops. Rout has two active ingredients that attack weeds in different ways and just one application provides a lasting control, making it a very economical choice for growers of any size operation.

ACTIVE INGREDIENTS: Oxyfluorfen.......................................2.00% Oryzalin.............................................1.00%

Corral® is a consistent, long-lasting pre-emergent herbicide that provides broad-spectrum control for a number of troublesome weed problems including annual grasses, spurge and chickweed. Proven effective in all nursery conditions, Corral is labeled for turf and landscape ornamentals.

ACTIVE INGREDIENT: Pendimethalin...................................2.68%

Growers who need a dependable yet cost-effective broad-spectrum herbicide have relied on OH2® for more than 20 years. With a combination of active ingredients that work in different ways, OH2 controls grassy and broadleaf weeds with just one application and provides good crop tolerance on 54 crop species.

ACTIVE INGREDIENTS: Oxyfluorfen.......................................2.00% Pendimethalin...................................1.00%

SIGNAL WORD Caution

Safety: Low potential phytotoxicity; good crop tolerance ACTIVE INGREDIENTS: Prodiamine......................................23.30% Isoxaben.........................................15.50%

Always read and follow label directions before using this product.

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CHEMICAL FAMILY Prodiamine: Dinitroaniline (Group 3) Isoxaben: Benzamide (Group 21)

MODE OF ACTION Prodiamine: Inhibits microtubule assembly during cell division

Economy: Convenient pre-mixed formulation: - Time and labor savings - Only one product to buy and inventory -C ompetitive cost in use per acre compared to tank mix

** Length of control will vary by climate and application rate.

See product label for specific rates and weeds controlled.

(compare to tank mix of Barricade® & Gallery®)

USE SITES Ornamental field and container nurseries; Christmas tree farms

Versatility: Can be applied over the top of many crops, including shrubs and perennials

* Barricade® is a trademark of a Syngenta Finance Corporation.

Gallery® is a trademark of Dow AgroSciences LLC.

ACTIVE INGREDIENTS Prodiamine – 23.3% Isoxaben – 15.5%

Gemini Granular® with patent pending R-50 Optimizer™ is a powerful, flexible weed management tool that controls 120+ weeds with a low risk of Phytotoxicity. R-50 Optimizer™ gives Gemini® Granular the power to stop weeds with less active ingredient, allowing the weed manager to make more applications per year, or reduce the active ingredient applied per acre of nursery.

PACKAGING 2.5 gal (9.46 L)

Always read and follow label directions before using these products.

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How to design an effective herbicide program

PLAN FOR CHEMICAL ROTATION.

Today, most active ingredients have EPA-set limits for the number

Weeds, especially in container crops, have a very low probability

of applications allowed per year. Rotating herbicides allows

of acquiring resistance to a particular herbicide. Still it’s important

additional applications without exceeding EPA’s active ingredient

to rotate herbicides that have both a different Mode of Action

limit. Make sure you understand the maximum annual application

(MOA), and a broad weed control list to prevent the creation of

rate for each active ingredient (a.i.) you apply.

a weed population tolerant to a particular product, or MOA. Use sprayable versions where possible, as these may have the added benefit of killing young seedlings (but also carry an elevated risk of crop damage). Some active ingredients (Oxyfluorfen, Oryzalin, KEEP GOOD RECORDS.

Flumioxazin and Indaziflam, for example) carry broad crop

It’s vital to maintain and review

tolerance as a granular, but a very narrow crop tolerance as a spray.

a good written record of weed

So use the sprayable versions on the crops where possible, but

management from year to year.

rotate in granular formulations on most crops.

Creating the most effective weed management program requires

This data will help you make

both research and planning, but it’s well worth the effort. You can lower

better weed control decisions.

costs by eliminating waste and guard against resistance with just a few

Useful data includes:

simple practices. Today’s expanding number of sprayable pre-emergent herbicides may allow the weed manager to reduce labor costs and

• What weeds appeared in your nursery

improve weed control efficacy.

• When they appeared

Watch the solubility of applied herbicides. Highly soluble a.i.s are subject to movement beyond the targeted application site and can move into the root zone and damage the crop, or worse, move from the target site into the surrounding environment where they may damage off-target species leading to negative consequences for the applicator. Some of the newer herbicides labeled for use on container ornamentals are highly soluble so follow the directions precisely.

• The active ingredients used KNOW YOUR WEEDS. Every active ingredient on the market is effective on some weeds, but less effective on others. To choose the right products, you need to know your weeds.

• The method and rate of application used

Use a weed identification manual that tells you not only what weeds look

• The effectiveness of each treatment

like, but when they germinate. Then, compare the active ingredients in various

• Any observed plant damage

herbicides to be sure you are controlling the weeds found in your nursery… without harming your crop. Be sure to keep the most recent list of intolerant crops for each product on hand and make it a habit to double-check these lists before application. This is especially important when using sprayable pre-emergent herbicides.

Review your log to plan for the following year. For example, if your weed scout typically finds spurge in early June, you’ll be prepared to put down a pre-emergent herbicide that controls spurge the following May, before it sprouts. If you run into problem weeds, you can show this data to an Everris® Territory Manager, who can help you design a more effective program.

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SPRAYABLE SAMPLE HERBICIDE ROTATION SCHEDULES — SOUTHEAST U.S. WEED SPECIES

GERMINATION TIME (EXCLUDING PROPAGATION)

Next Five Weeds Top Five Weeds

(Consult a weed specialist to verify species.)

Sprayable herbicides

Bittercress Spurge Oxalis Chickweed Phyllanthus Groundsel Dog Fennel Eclipta Crabgrass Liverwort

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

* * * ** * * * * ** **

* * * *** ** * * * ** **

*** *** *** * *** * ** ** ** ***

*** *** ***

*** *** ***

** *** ***

* *** ***

* *** ***

** *** ***

*** ** ***

*** ** *** *** *** ***

*** *** *** *** *** **

*** *** *** *** *** *

*** ** *** *** *** *

*** ** ** *** *** *

*** ** ** *** *** *

** ** * *** *** ***

** ** ** * ** * * ** ** ***

** * * *** * * * * ** **

Notes: Cells with no * indicate no germination at that time of year. Cells with * indicate some germination expected in that month or soon after, with the most germination in the months with ***.

Application Calendar — Always follow label instructions.

Sprayable herbicide applications have become popular because: • Of their excellent weed control • They can be applied to wet foliage • Nurseries can use boom application equipment to save a tremendous amount on labor Unfortunately, many popular pre-emergent herbicides (such as Oxyfluorfen, Oryzalin, Indaziflam and Flumioxazin) can damage many crop species if applied as a liquid spray over the top. Successful weed management with sprayable pre-emergent herbicides requires

January 1 - March 15

March 15 - May 15

May 15 - August 1

August 1 - Oct 1

October 1 - December 31

Key Weeds: Bittercress, Chickweed, Henbit and Annual Bluegrass. On crops not under winter cover, and in locations where winter weeds germinate, apply Gemini 3.7 SC at the highest rate for the crops to be treated. Gemini 3.7 SC is strong on many winter weeds but it shouldn’t be applied under cover. If Gemini was used at the last application in the fall, use Dithiopyr or Flumioxazin on tolerant crops, or use a granular product such as OH2, Rout, Flumioxazin or Indaziflan. This application may not apply to nurseries that use overwintering structures.

Key Weeds: Bittercress,Spurge, Oxalis, Phyllanthus, Groundsel, Dog Fennel and Crabgrass. This is a critical application to avoid heavy weed infestations later. It may be the first application for nurseries that use overwintering structures. Gemini 3.7 SC can be used on newly potted material because of its low risk of phytotoxicity and excellent control. However, do not exceed 87 oz/acre per year. Avoid applying any herbicides to crops just breaking dormancy. For those not in a susceptible growth phase, Dimethenamid-p + Pendimethalin could be sprayed, or a granular such as OH2, Rout, Flumioxazin or Indaziflan could be applied prior to weed seed germination.

Key Weeds: Spurge, Oxalis, Phyllanthus, Groundsel, Dog Fennel, Eclipta and Crabgrass. Timing should be determined based on the most recent herbicide application. If the crops are tolerant, apply Indaziflan sprayable (but make sure to consult the label to see if your crops will tolerate the spray). It might require the use of Indaziflan. Additional granular alternatives would be to use Dimethenamid-p + Pendimethalin, OH2 or Rout.

Key Weeds: Same as MayJuly, but as shorter days and cooler temps arrive, the fall/winter weeds begin germinating too.

This application may not be needed in every nursery depending on the length of the growing season. Reserve Gemini 3.7 SC for the final application. Possible spray options are Dimethenamid-p + Pendimethalin; Dimethenamid-p + Dithiopyr. Possible granular options are OH2 or Rout.

Gemini 3.7 SC is very strong on winter weeds such as Bittercress making it a premium option for the last fall application, if it hasn’t been used in the prior 12 months.

Use the highest label rate for the crops being treated.

Do not exceed 87 oz/acre per year.

learning crop tolerances and some new application techniques.

SPRAYABLE SAMPLE HERBICIDE ROTATION SCHEDULES — USDA ZONE 10 (TROPICALS) GERMINATION TIME (EXCLUDING PROPAGATION)

Next Five Weeds Top Five Weeds

(Consult a weed specialist to verify species.)

Bittercress Spurge Oxalis Chickweed Phyllanthus Groundsel Dog Fennel Eclipta Crabgrass Liverwort

JAN

* * * ** * * * * ** **

FEB

* * * *** ** * * * ** **

MAR

*** *** *** * *** * ** ** ** ***

APR

*** *** *** *** ** *** *** *** ***

MAY

*** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** **

JUN

** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *

JUL

* *** *** *** ** *** *** *** *

AUG

* *** *** *** ** ** *** *** *

WEED SPECIES SEPT

** *** *** *** ** ** *** *** *

OCT

*** ** *** ** ** * *** *** ***

NOV

** ** ** * ** * * ** ** ***

DEC

** * * *** * * * * ** **

Notes: Cells with no * indicate no germination at that time of year. Cells with * indicate some germination expected in that month or soon after, with the most germination in the months with ***.

(Consult a weed specialist to verify species.)

Next Five Weeds Top Five Weeds

WEED SPECIES

SPRAYABLE SAMPLE HERBICIDE ROTATION SCHEDULES — NORTHEAST U.S.

Bittercress Spurge Groundsel Annual Bluegrass Oxalis Amaranthus (Pigweed) Chickweed Eclipta Crabgrass Liverwort

March 15 - May 15

May 15 - August 1

Key Weeds: Bittercress, Chickweed, Henbit and Annual Bluegrass.

Gemini™ 3.7 SC is strong on many winter weeds but it shouldn’t be applied under cover. If Gemini was used at the last application in the fall, use Dithiopyr or Flumioxazin on tolerant crops, or use a granular product such as OH2®, Rout®, Flumioxazin or Indaziflan.

Key Weeds: Bittercress,Spurge, Oxalis, Phyllanthus, Groundsel, Dog Fennel and Crabgrass. This is a critical application to avoid heavy weed infestations later. Gemini 3.7 SC can be used on newly potted material because of its low risk of phytotoxicity and excellent control. However, do not exceed 87 oz/acre per year. Avoid applying any herbicides to crops just pushing a new flush of growth.

For those not in a susceptible growth phase, Dimethenamid-p + Pendimethalin could be sprayed, or a granular such as OH2, Rout, Flumioxazin or Indaziflan could be applied prior to weed seed germination.

Key Weeds: Spurge, Oxalis, Phyllanthus, Groundsel, Dog Fennel, Eclipta and Crabgrass.

Timing should be determined based on the most recent herbicide application. If the crops are tolerant, apply Indaziflan sprayable (but make sure to consult the label to see if your crops will tolerate the spray). It might require the use of the Indaziflan granular. Additional Granular alternatives would be to use Dimethenamid-p + Pendimethalin, OH2 or Rout.

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FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEPT

OCT

NOV

*

*** * *** *** ** *** ** * ** ***

*** ** *** ** *** *** * ** *** **

** *** *** * *** *** * *** *** *

* *** *** * *** *** * *** *** *

* *** *** * *** ** * *** *** *

** * * *** ** * *** ** ** *

***

*

*** ** * ***

** *

**

**

*

* ***

***

**

*

* * * **

* *** * ** ***

**

**

** ***

*

DEC

Notes: Cells with no * indicate no germination at that time of year. Cells with * indicate some germination expected in that month or soon after, with the most germination in the months with ***.

Application Calendar — Always follow label instructions.

Application Calendar — Always follow label instructions.

January 1 - March 15

GERMINATION TIME (EXCLUDING PROPAGATION) JAN

August 1 - October 1 Key Weeds: Same as May-July. Reserve Gemini 3.7 SC for the final application.

Possible spray options are Dimethenamid-p + Pendimethalin; Dimethenamid-p + Dithiopyr. Possible granular options are OH2 or Rout.

October 1 - December 31 Gemini 3.7 SC is very strong on winter weeds such as Bittercress making it a premium option for the last fall application, if it hasn’t been used in the prior 12 months. Use the highest label rate for the crops being treated. Do not exceed 87 oz/acre per year.

March 1 - May 1

May 1 - June 15

June 15 - September 1

Key Weeds: Bittercress, Chickweed, Henbit and Annual Bluegrass. On crops not under winter cover, and in locations where winter weeds germinate, apply Gemini 3.7 SC at the highest rate for the crops to be treated. Gemini 3.7 SC is strong on many winter weeds but it shouldn’t be applied under cover. If Gemini was used at the last application in the fall, use Dithiopyr or Flumioxazin on tolerant crops, or use a granular product such as OH2, Rout, Flumioxazin or Indaziflan. This application probably will not not apply to nurseries that use overwintering structures (most nurseries from zone 7 north).

Key Weeds: Bittercress, Spurge, Oxalis, Phyllanthus, Groundsel, Dog Fennel and Crabgrass. This is a critical application to avoid heavy weed infestations later. It may be the first application for nurseries that use overwintering structures. Gemini 3.7 SC can be used on newly potted material because of its low risk of phytotoxicity and excellent control. However, do not exceed 87 oz/acre per year. Avoid applying any herbicides to crops just breaking dormancy. For those not in a susceptible growth phase, Dimethenamid-p + Pendimethalin could be sprayed, or a granular such as OH2, Rout, Flumioxazin or Indaziflan could be applied prior to weed seed germination.

Key Weeds: Same as May-June, but as shorter days and cooler temps arrive, the fall/winter weeds begin germinating too.

This application may not be needed in every nursery depending on the length of the growing season.

Reserve Gemini 3.7 SC for the final application. Possible spray options are Dimethenamid-p + Pendimethalin; Dimethenamid-p + Dithiopyr. Possible granular options are OH2 or Rout.

September 1 - 2/3 weeks before Fall covering Gemini 3.7 SC is very strong on winter weeds such as Bittercress making it a premium option for the last fall application, if it hasn’t been used in the prior 12 months. Use the highest label rate for the crops being treated. Do not exceed 87 oz/acre per year.

17

SPRAYABLE SAMPLE HERBICIDE ROTATION SCHEDULES — SOUTHWEST U.S. WEED SPECIES

GERMINATION TIME (EXCLUDING PROPAGATION)

Next Five Weeds Top Five Weeds

(Consult a weed specialist to verify species.)

1

Bittercress Groundsel Oxalis Pearlwort Spurge Cudweed Willowherb/Fireweed1 Annual Bluegrass Liverwort Amaranthus (Pigweed)

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEPT

OCT

NOV

DEC

*

* * * **

*** ** * *** * *** ** *** *** **

*** *** ** *** ** *** ** *** *** ***

*** *** *** *** *** ** *** ** ** ***

** *** *** ** *** * *** * * ***

* *** *** ** *** * *** * * ***

* *** *** ** *** * *** * * **

** *** ** ** ** *** *** *** * *

*** ** ** *** * *** ** *** *** *

** * * **

**

** * ** ***

**

* * * * **

* * * ** *

*

** **

“Northern Willowherb Management” http://oregonstate.edu/dept/nursery-weeds/feature_articles/willowherb/willowherb_control_page.htm

Notes: Cells with no * indicate no germination at that time of year. Cells with * indicate some germination expected in that month or soon after, with the most germination in the months with ***.

Application Calendar — Always follow label instructions.

January 1 - March 15

March 15 - May 15

May 15 - August 1

Key Weeds: Bittercress, Chickweed, Henbit and Annual Bluegrass.

On crops not under winter cover, and in locations where winter weeds germinate, apply Gemini™ 3.7 SC at the highest rate for the crops to be treated. Gemini 3.7 SC is strong on many winter weeds but it shouldn’t be applied under cover. If Gemini was used at the last application in the fall, use Dithiopyr or Flumioxazin on tolerant crops, or use a granular product such as OH2, Rout, Flumioxazin or Indaziflan. This application may not apply to nurseries that use overwintering structures.

Key Weeds: Bittercress,Spurge, Oxalis, Phyllanthus, Groundsel, Dog Fennel and Crabgrass. This is a critical application to avoid heavy weed infestations later. It may be the first application for nurseries that use overwintering structures. Gemini 3.7 SC can be used on newly potted material because of its low risk of phytotoxicity and excellent control. However, do not exceed 87 oz/acre per year. Avoid applying any herbicides to crops just breaking dormancy. For those not in a susceptible growth phase, Dimethenamid-p + Pendimethalin could be sprayed, or a granular such as OH2, Rout, Flumioxazin or Indaziflan could be applied prior to weed seed germination.

Key Weeds: Spurge, Oxalis, Phyllanthus, Groundsel, Dog Fennel, Eclipta and Crabgrass. Timing should be determined based on the most recent herbicide application.

If the crops are tolerant, apply Indaziflan sprayable (but make sure to consult the label to see if your crops will tolerate the spray). It might require the use of Indaziflan. Additional granular alternatives would be to use Dimethenamid-p + Pendimethalin, OH2 or Rout.

August 1 - October 1

October 1 - December 31

Key Weeds: Same as May-July, but as shorter days and cooler temps arrive, the fall/winter weeds begin germinating too. This application may not be needed in every nursery depending on the length of the growing season. Reserve Gemini 3.7 SC for the final application.

Possible spray options are Dimethenamid-p + Pendimethalin; Dimethenamid-p + Dithiopyr. Possible granular options are OH2 or Rout.

Gemini 3.7 SC is very strong on winter weeds such as Bittercress making it a premium option for the last fall application, if it hasn’t been used in the prior 12 months.

Use the highest label rate for the crops being treated.

Do not exceed 87 oz/acre per year.

SPRAYABLE SAMPLE HERBICIDE ROTATION SCHEDULES — PACIFIC NORTHWEST U.S. WEED SPECIES

Next Five Weeds Top Five Weeds

(Consult a weed specialist to verify species.)

Bittercress Spurge Groundsel Willowherb/Fireweed 1 Pearlwort 2 Oxalis Chickweed Annual Bluegrass Liverwort Amaranthus (Pigweed)

GERMINATION TIME (EXCLUDING PROPAGATION) JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEPT

OCT

NOV

DEC

*

*

*** * ** ** *** * *** *** *** **

*** ** *** ** *** ** ** *** *** ***

*** *** *** *** *** *** * ** ** ***

** *** *** *** ** *** * * * ***

* *** *** *** ** *** * * * ***

* *** *** *** ** *** * * * **

** ** *** *** ** ** *** *** * *

*** * ** ** *** ** *** *** ***

**

**

* * * * **

* * ** * ** * ** *

1

“Northern Willowherb Management” http://oregonstate.edu/dept/nursery-weeds/feature_articles/willowherb/willowherb_control_page.htm

2

“Pearlwort control with Pre emergent herbicides” http://oregonstate.edu/dept/nursery-weeds/research/container_trials/pw.htm

* * ** * ** ** ***

* * ** **

Notes: Cells with no * indicate no germination at that time of year. Cells with * indicate some germination expected in that month or soon after, with the most germination in the months with ***.

Application Calendar — Always follow label instructions.

March 1 - May 1

May 1 - June 15

June 15 - September 1

Key Weeds: Bittercress, Chickweed, Henbit and Annual Bluegrass. On crops not under winter cover, and in locations where winter weeds germinate, apply Gemini 3.7 SC at the highest rate for the crops to be treated. Gemini 3.7 SC is strong on many winter weeds but it shouldn’t be applied under cover. If Gemini was used at the last application in the fall, use Dithiopyr or Flumioxazin on tolerant crops, or use a granular product such as OH2, Rout, Flumioxazin or Indaziflan. This application probably will not not apply to nurseries that use overwintering structures (most nurseries from zone 7 north).

Key Weeds: Bittercress, Spurge, Oxalis, Phyllanthus, Groundsel, Dog Fennel and Crabgrass. This is a critical application to avoid heavy weed infestations later. It may be the first application for nurseries that use overwintering structures. Gemini 3.7 SC can be used on newly potted material because of its low risk of phytotoxicity and excellent control. However, do not exceed 87 oz/acre per year. Avoid applying any herbicides to crops just breaking dormancy. For those not in a susceptible growth phase, Dimethenamid-p + Pendimethalin could be sprayed, or a granular such as OH2, Rout,Flumioxazin or Indaziflan could be applied prior to weed seed germination.

Key Weeds: Same as May-June, but as shorter days and cooler temps arrive, the fall/winter weeds begin germinating too.

This application may not be needed in every nursery depending on the length of the growing season.

Reserve Gemini 3.7 SC for the final application. Possible spray options are Dimethenamid-p + Pendimethalin; Dimethenamid-p + Dithiopyr. Possible granular options are OH2 or Rout.

18

September 1 - 2/3 weeks before Fall covering Gemini 3.7 SC is very strong on winter weeds such as Bittercress making it a premium option for the last fall application, if it hasn’t been used in the prior 12 months. Use the highest label rate for the crops being treated. Do not exceed 87 oz/acre per year.

GRANULAR SAMPLE HERBICIDE ROTATION SCHEDULES — SOUTHEAST U.S. WEED SPECIES

GERMINATION TIME (EXCLUDING PROPAGATION)

(Consult a weed specialist to verify species.)

Next 5 Weeds

Top 5 Weeds

Granular herbicides

Bittercress Spurge Oxalis Chickweed Phyllanthus Groundsel Amaranthus (Pigweed) Dog Fennel Eclipta Crabgrass

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEPT

OCT

NOV

DEC

*

*

*** *** *** * * ** **

** *** *** * *** *** *** *** *** ***

* *** ***

* *** ***

* ***

*** ** ** ** *** ***

*** * *** ** ** ** * *

** ***

*** ** *** *** *** ***

** *** *** * *** ** * * ** **

**

* ***

*** *** *** * *** *** *** *** ** ***

**

* **

*** * *** ** ** ** *** *** * **

* *

**

*

*

Notes: Cells with no * indicate no germination at that time of year. Cells with * indicate some germination expected in that month or soon after, with the most germination in the months with ***.

Application Calendar — Always follow label instructions.

February 15 - March 10

Granular herbicide formulations often contain active ingredients that damage crops if sprayed. The superior crop tolerance from granular formulations gives weed managers a much wider array of actives to rotate. Typical applications are made using hand-held, broadcast spreaders and need to be reapplied at 60-90 day intervals, though some newer herbicides have longer control claims.

Granular pre-emergent herbicides utilize a variety of carriers and direct the grower to use different rates in different circumstances.

May 10 - June 1

Key Weeds: Chickweed, Bittercress, Oxalis, Spurge and many others • Apply OH2 on all crops that tolerate the active ingredients.

• For other perennials, apply Gemini Graular • Avoid all applications to perennials just breaking dormancy.

• Do not apply anything to plants housed inside covered structures unless specifically allowed on label.

Key Weeds: Bittercress, Spurge, Oxalis, Phyllanthus, Groundsel, Dog Fennel and Crabgrass • Apply Indaziflam on tolerant crops.

• For other perennials, apply Gemini Granular.

July 10 - August 1

October 1 - 2 weeks before covering

Key Weeds: Spurge, Oxalis, Phyllanthus, Groundsel, Dog Fennel, Eclipta and Crabgrass • Apply Dimethenamid-P + Pendimethalin to tolerant perennials.

• Apply Rout to woody ornamentals.

• For other perennials, apply Gemini Granular.

Key Weeds (in overwintering structures): Chickweed, Bittercress, Annual Bluegrass and Oxalis • Apply Gemini Granular at high rate for its strength on winter weeds.

• Apply OH2, Rout or Gemini Granular to woody ornamentals.

New carriers have different properties and some are much smaller and lighter while others feature less dust, but not necessarily better control. As this category evolves, pay attention to the label details because the directions for use are becoming more precise.

GRANULAR SAMPLE HERBICIDE ROTATION SCHEDULES — SOUTHWEST U.S. WEED SPECIES

GERMINATION TIME (EXCLUDING PROPAGATION)

WEED SPECIES

Next 5 Weeds

Top 5 Weeds

(Consult a weed specialist to verify species.)

Bittercress Spurge Oxalis Chickweed Phyllanthus Groundsel Dog Fennel Eclipta Crabgrass Liverwort

GERMINATION TIME (EXCLUDING PROPAGATION) JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEPT

OCT

NOV

DEC

* * * ** * * * * ** **

* * * *** ** * * * ** **

*** *** *** * *** * ** ** ** ***

*** *** ***

*** *** ***

** *** ***

* *** ***

* *** ***

** *** ***

*** ** ***

*** ** *** *** *** ***

*** *** *** *** *** **

*** *** *** *** *** *

*** ** *** *** *** *

*** ** ** *** *** *

*** ** ** *** *** *

** ** * *** *** ***

** ** ** * ** * * ** ** ***

** * * *** * * * * ** **

Notes: Cells with no * indicate no germination at that time of year. Cells with * indicate some germination expected in that month or soon after, with the most germination in the months with ***.

Application Calendar — Always follow label instructions.

January 1 Key Weeds: Spurge, Oxalis, Phyllanthus, Bittercress, as well as many others • Apply Rout® on all crops that tolerate the active ingredients.

• Apply Gemini® Granular to crops that won’t tolerate Rout. Choose a rate between 100 and 200 lbs to the acre dependingon duration of control desired.

• Avoid all applications to perennials just breaking dormancy.

• Do not apply anything to plants housed inside covered structures unless specifically allowed on label.

20

March 15 - April 1 Key Weeds: Bittercress, Spurge, Oxalis, Phyllanthus, Groundsel, Dog Fennel and Crabgrass • Apply Dimethenamid-P + Pendimethalin on tolerant crops.

• Intolerant perennials, use Gemini® Granular

May 15 - June 1

July 15 - August 1

October 1 - 30

Key Weeds: Spurge, Oxalis, Phyllanthus, Groundsel, Dog Fennel, Eclipta and Crabgrass • Apply Indaziflam on tolerant crops.

• Apply Gemini Granular on other species.

• Apply OH2 on all tolerant crops.

• Apply Gemini granular on others.

• Apply OH2 on tolerant crops.

• Apply Gemini Granular at a high rate for winter weed control.

Next 5 Weeds

GRANULAR SAMPLE HERBICIDE ROTATION SCHEDULES — USDA ZONE 10 (TROPICALS)

Top 5 Weeds

(Consult a weed specialist to verify species.)

Bittercress Groundsel Oxalis Pearlwort Spurge Cudweed Willow Herb/Fireweed Annual Bluegrass Liverwort Amaranthus (Pigweed)

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEPT

OCT

NOV

DEC

*

* * * **

*** ** * *** * *** ** *** *** **

*** *** ** *** ** *** ** *** *** ***

*** *** *** *** *** ** *** ** ** ***

** *** *** ** *** * *** * * ***

* *** *** ** *** * *** * * ***

* *** *** ** *** * *** * * **

** *** ** ** ** *** *** *** * *

*** ** ** *** * *** ** *** *** *

** * * **

**

** * ** ***

**

* * * * **

* * * ** *

*

** **

Notes: Cells with no * indicate no germination at that time of year. Cells with * indicate some germination expected in that month or soon after, with the most germination in the months with ***.

Application Calendar — Always follow label instructions.

Jan 1 - March 1

May 10 - June 1

July 10 - August 1

October 1 - 15

December 1 - 30

Key Weeds: Bittercress, Chickweed, Willow Herb, Oxalis, as well as many others • Apply OH2 on all crops that tolerate the active ingredients.

• For other perennials, apply Gemini Granular.

• Avoid all applications to perennials just breaking dormancy.

• Do not apply anything to plants housed inside covered structures unless specifically alowed on label.

Key Weeds: Bittercress, Spurge, Oxalis, Pearlwort, Groundsel and most others • Apply Indaziflam on crops listed on th label.

• For other crops apply Gemini Granular.

Key Weeds: Spurge, Oxalis, Groundsel and Willow Herb • Apply Rout to woody ornamentals.

• Gemini Granular to crops that won’t tolerate Rout.

Key Weeds: Bittercress, Groundsel, Pearlwort, Cudweed, Annual Bluegrass and Liverwort • Apply Gemini Granular to perennials.

• Apply Dimethenamid-P + Pendi methalin to other tolerant crops.

Key Weeds: Bittercress, Groundsel, Pearlwort, Cudweed, Annual Bluegrass and Liverwort • Apply Flumioxazin to tolerant crops.

•U se Corral in conjunction with Flumioxazin where Annual Bluegrass is a serious pest.

•U se Gemini Granular on perennials.

21

GRANULAR SAMPLE HERBICIDE ROTATION SCHEDULES — NORTHEAST U.S. WEED SPECIES

Next 5 Weeds

Top 5 Weeds

(Consult a weed specialist to verify species.)

Bittercress Spurge Groundsel Annual Bluegrass Oxalis Amaranthus (Pigweed) Chickweed Eclipta Crabgrass

GERMINATION TIME (EXCLUDING PROPAGATION) JAN

FEB

*

* * * **

*

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEPT

OCT

NOV

*

*** * *** *** ** *** ** * **

*** ** *** ** *** *** * ** ***

** *** *** * *** *** * *** ***

* *** *** * *** *** * *** ***

* *** *** * *** ** * *** ***

** * * *** ** * *** ** **

***

*

*** ** * ***

** *

**

**

*

* *** * ** *** **

DEC

*

Weeds controlled by active ingredient(s)

Notes: Cells with no * indicate no germination at that time of year. Cells with * indicate some germination expected in that month or soon after, with the most germination in the months with ***.

Application Calendar — Always follow label instructions.

March 1 - April 1 Key Weeds: Bittercress, Chickweed, Oxalis, as well as many others • Apply OH2 on all crops that tolerate the active ingredients.

• Apply Gemini Granular on perennial.

• Avoid all applications to perennials just breaking dormancy.

•D o not apply anything to plants housed inside covered structures unless specifically allowed on label.

May 10 - June 1

July 10 - August 1

October 1 - 2 weeks before covering

Key Weeds: Bittercress, Spurge, Oxalis, Groundsel and most others • Apply Indaiflam to tolerant crops.

• Intolerant perennials, use Gemini Granular.

Key Weeds: Spurge, Oxalis, Groundsel and Willow Herb • Apply Rout to woody ornamentals.

• F or perennials use Gemini Granular or Dimethenamid-P + Pendimethalin based on crop tolerance.

Key Weeds (in overwintering structures): Chickweed, Bittercress, Marestail and Oxalis • 21 days before fall cover, apply Gemini Granular at the high rate to control cool-season weeds in overwintering structures.

GRANULAR SAMPLE HERBICIDE ROTATION SCHEDULES — PACIFIC NORTHWEST U.S. WEED SPECIES

Next 5 Weeds

Top 5 Weeds

(Consult a weed specialist to verify species.)

Bittercress Spurge Groundsel Willow Herb/Fireweed Pearlwort Oxalis Chickweed Annual Bluegrass Liverwort

GERMINATION TIME (EXCLUDING PROPAGATION) JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEPT

OCT

NOV

DEC

*

*

*** * ** ** *** * *** *** ***

*** ** *** ** *** ** ** *** ***

*** *** *** *** *** *** * ** **

** *** *** *** ** *** * * *

* *** *** *** ** *** * * *

* *** *** *** ** *** * * *

** ** *** *** ** ** *** *** *

*** * ** ** *** ** *** *** ***

**

**

* * * * **

* * ** * ** * **

* * ** * ** ** ***

* * ** **

Notes: Cells with no * indicate no germination at that time of year. Cells with * indicate some germination expected in that month or soon after, with the most germination in the months with ***.

Application Calendar — Always follow label instructions.

February 15 - March 10 Key Weeds: Bittercress, Chickweed, Willow Herb, Oxalis, as well as many others • Apply OH2 on all crops that tolerate the active ingredients.

• F or other perennials, apply Gemini Granular.

• Avoid all applications to perennials just breaking dormancy.

•D o not apply anything to plants housed inside covered structures.

22

May 10 - June 1

July 10 - August 1

Key Weeds: Bittercress, Spurge, Oxalis, Pearlwort, Groundsel and most others • Apply Indaiflam to tolerant crops.

• F or other perennials, apply Gemini Granular or or a rotational partner such as Dimethenamid-P + Pendimethalin.

Key Weeds: Spurge, Oxalis, Groundsel and Willow Herb • Apply Rout to woody ornamentals.

• For other perennials, apply Gemini Granular or or a rotational partner such as Dimethenamid-P + Pendimethalin.

October 1 - 2 weeks before covering Key Weeds (in overwintering structures): Chickweed, Bittercress and Oxalis • F or covered or uncovered crops, apply Gemini Granular at the high rate to control winter weeds. Allow 21 days between application and installing overwintering film.

Herbicide Brand Name

GEMINI® 3.7SC

GEMINI® GRANULAR

OH2®

ROUT®

CORRAL®

Herbicide Common Name

Prodiamine & Isoxaben

Prodiamine & Isoxaben

Oxyfluorfen & Pendimethalin

Oxyfluorfen & Oryzalin

Pendimethalin

Chemical Family

Dinitroaniline & Benzamide

Dinitroaniline & Benzamide

Diphenylether & Dinitroaniline

Diphenylether & Dinitroaniline

Dinitroaniline

MOA Group*

3 & 21

3 & 21

3 & 14

3 & 14

3

Common Weeds Controlled or Suppressed**

Annual Bluegrass

*

*

*

*

*

Barnyard Grass

*

*

*

*

*

Bittercress

*

*

*

*

Carpetweed

*

*

Clover

*

*

Common Chickweed

*

*

Common Groundsel

*

*

Common Speedwell

*

*

Dandelion

*

*

Fall Panicum

*

*

Fiddleneck

*

*

Goosegrass

*

*

Knotweed

*

*

Lambsquarters

*

*

Large & Smooth Crabgrass

*

*

Oxalis

*

*

Pigweed

*

Prostrate Spurge Purslane

* *

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

* *

* *

*

* *

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Sandbur

*

Sowthistle

*

*

*

*

Shepherdspurse

*

*

*

*

*

Yellow Foxtail

*

*

*

*

Yellow Woodsorrel

*

*

*

*

*Mode of Action (MOA) listing is based on the Herbicide Resistance Action Committee (HRAC) and the Weed Science Society of America (WSSA). More information is available at www.hracglobal.com. **See product labels for specific application rates needed to control or suppress listed weeds.

23

Everris NA, Inc. 4950 Blazer Parkway Dublin, Ohio 43017 800-492-8255 Email: info@icl-group.com www.icl-sf.com/us

H4644 053117

© 2017 An ICL Fertilizers Company, Worldwide Rights Reserved. Printed in the U.S.A.