E-Max Release Technology

E-Max Release Technology The revolution in Controlled Release Fertilizers

Release Technology

Factbook

Usandi re cuptatat adis voluptis atii voluptatur, unebissedit

Content

Controlled Release Fertilizer - The history 4 - What are Controlled Release Fertilizers?

5 - Efficiency and sustainability 6 - Low impact on the environment 9 - How do CRF compare with others fertilizers 10 E-Max Release Technology - The new coating of ICL Specialty Fertilizers

11

Portfolio - Agromaster - Agrocote Max

15 16

Application methods

18

Crop recommendations

21

Proven in the field

22

Infographic

34

Controlled Release Fertilizers - The history A new era in fertilizers ICL Specialty Fertilizers introduced the first generation of coated fertilizers in 1967: an NPK granule with an organic resin coating around it, ensuring that only one application of nutrients would be enough for a long period of time.

This was the start of a whole new principle of fertilizer application.

ICL SF – experts in CRF technology since 1967

4

What are Controlled Release Fertilizers?

The term controlled release fertilizer (CRF) is defined by ISO as: “Fertilizer in which nutrient release is controlled, meeting the stated release rate of nutrient and the stated release time at a specified temperature (ISO 8157:2015). These products are formulated to match the specific plant needs thanks to the different nutrient release longevities.

One single and efficient application equals better value for your money CRF Application

Other fertilizers

Supply

Supply Demand

Demand

Benefits of including controlled release fertilizers on your plant nutrition program

1 2 3 4 5 6

Increasing nutrient use efficiency Reduction of nutrient losses to the environment Prevention of nutrient-fixation in the soil Maintaining or increasing crop yield at al lower nutrient application rates Replacing multiple applications of fertilizer, by single base fertilization Friendly environmental

5

Efficiency and sustainability CRF reduces Nitrogen losses by leaching, volatilization and denitrification Less LEACHING using controlled release fertilizers

Volatilization Loss NH3

Nitrogen is commonly ‘washed away’ from the soils in the ureic and nitric forms. Adding fertilizer with a fast N release creates periods with high concentration of this element in the soil. Since plants will not uptake more than what they need, the excess of Nitrogen will be easily lost by leaching. Controlled Release Fertilizers solve this problem by providing a gradual release of Nitrogen, according to the plant’s uptake.

Trial case - E-Max vs conventional Nitrogen fertilizers – leaching test Trial was done in 2015 at the University of Pisa (Italy), under the supervision of Prof. Pardossi.

Treatments: • Conventional Nitrogen fertilizer • Nitrogen fertilizer blend with 20% E-Max granules, 3-4 M longevity • Nitrogen fertilizer blend with 40% E-Max granules, 3-4 M longevity

Urea CO (NH2)2

Ammonia NH3

Urease Total Nitrogen leached - %

40%

Ammonia NH3

30% 20% 10% 0% Conventional

Leaching test - Pisa, Italy - 2015

E-Max 3-4M 20%

E-Max 3-4M 40%

Conclusion: From the 360 kg N/ha supplied: 127 kg N a was lost in the Conventional treatment 97 kg N with 20% E-Max 57 kg N with 40% E-Max

Nitrogen leaching from E-Max coated N: up to 55% lower than conventional 6

Immobilization NH4 NO3 Leaching Loss Urea

Ammonium NH4

Volatilization losses of ammonia gasses occur when urea/ammonium fertilizers are superficially applied and exposed to the air.

The rate of surface volatilization depends on moisture level, temperature and the surface pH of the soil. If the soil surface is moist, the water evaporates into the air taking ammonia with it. Temperatures greater than 10°C and pH greater than 6.5 significantly increase the rate of urea conversion to ammonia gases.

Denitrification Loss N2/N2O

Controlled Release Fertilizers reduce volatilization by limiting the amount of Nitrogen exposed to the air thanks to its coating technology.

Trial case - Volatilization of different Nitrogen source Cumulative ammonial loss (% of applied)

Less VOLATILIZATION using controlled release fertilizers

60 50 Urea

40

UAN

30

Urea + NBPT UAN + NBPT

20

UAN + NBPT + DCD

10 0

0

7

14

21

Days after treatment

In a laboratory incubation of 21 days done by the University of Illinois, it was observed that Coated Urea had clearly the lowest amount of NH3 volatilization.

By the end of the experiment, Urea with urease inhibitor (NBTP) had 3 times more volatilization and UAN (Urea ammonium nitrate) with both urease and nitrification inhibitors had 2 times more volatilization!

Less DENITRIFICATION using controlled release fertilizers

Nitrate NO3 Leaching Loss NO3

Disclaimer: To monitor nutrient losses all paths have to be considered, otherwise a distorted view can be given

Controlled Release Fertilizers alleviate this problem by: • Gradual N release, which minimize the time this nutrient is in the soil before plant uptake • Decreased soil compaction thanks to a lower need of machinery entering the fields (less applications)

Trial case - Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. - E-Max vs Urea N lost as N2O (kg N/Ha)

Nitrite NO2

Denitrification occurs when a soil has not enough oxygen (O2) to supply the needs of the bacteria and microorganisms in the soil. In this situation, microorganisms strip the oxygen from the nitrate, producing N gas (N2) or nitrous oxide (N2O), which volatilizes from the soil. Conditions that promote denitrification are wet soils, compaction and warm temperatures.

25

These results are the average from a series of trials done between 2012-2015 in Queensland, Australia.

The measurements were done in Sugarcane fields with gas collection chambers.

20 15 10

Conclusion: Average 27% reduction in nitrous oxide emissions (average of 4 sites).

Up to 40% reduction in high loss scenarios (saving 19.5 kg N/ha).

5 0 Urea

Agromaster

7

With I know I am in control

“For many years I’ve used conventional fertilizers.

They are cheaper but I never get the same results as using Agromaster. It’s the perfect fertilizer for vegetables in open field, in intensive farms where you have to irrigate continuously. The nutrients are not leached out with Agromaster.”

8

Ovidiu Anca, Romania Eggplant

Low impact on the environment CRF minimizes the impact on the environment CRF reduces ground water contamination with plant nutrients • Less Nitrate leaching • Less urea leaching CRF reduces greenhouse gas emission • Less N2O emissions (N2O impact is almost 300 times that of CO2) • Less Ammonia volatilization ICL is a member of the Responsible Care® Program that is dedicated to achieving improvements in environmental global health, safety, and environmental performance.

ICL is a signatory to the principles of the Responsible Care Global Charter of the International Council of Chemical Associations.

Environmental Policy ICL Specialty Fertilizers believes in working together for a greener and more sustainable future. We embrace our responsibility to promote a sustainable environment and have established an environmental policy based on three core values.

1 Protecting the environment ICL avoids processes that generate gaseous pollutant emissions and installs closed circuits for waste water recycling.

We have also made a commitment to providing all our employees with the required training and tools to operate in an environmentally-responsible manner. It is our duty to protect the environment and we aim to reduce energy and water consumption.

2 Monitoring environmental impact In our policy, we are committed to assessing the environmental impact of all our processes. We also actively invest in new cleaner and safer technologies to improve production efficiency and reduce energy consumption.

3 Promoting best agronomic practices ICL promotes best agronomic practices in order to ensure the safe and optimum use

Biodegradability of ICL Specialty Fertilizers coating technology Controlled release fertilizers have a thin coating layer which is partially based on modified vegetable oils.

Since the triglyceride ester bonds in vegetable oils can be hydrolyzed, these coatings will degrade in time and incorporate into the soils.

The fragments of degraded coating material are inert, therefore they wont react with soil components.

More importantly, CRF coatings are thoroughly tested for phytotoxicity and toxicity. This is done in line with the general safety requirements stated by European law (Regulation (EC) No 2003/2003)

of fertilizers. We promote tailor-made application methods so that the dose precisely matches the plant’s specific needs. We also advise our customers on the best way to transport, store, and handle our products with consideration for the environment.

ICL Specialty Fertilizers & GLOBALG.A.P ICL Specialty Fertilizers is an Associate Member of GLOBAL G.A.P., supporting this worldwide organization with its crucial objective: the promotion of safe and sustainable agriculture practices to make this world a better place for our children.

GLOBALG.A.P. is a product of a network of partnerships that extends around the globe.

By complying with a single harmonized global standard for safe and sustainable food production, producers can demonstrate their commitment to Good Agricultural Practice.

9

How do controlled release fertilizers compare to other fertilizers?

What is the performance of Slow Release Fertilizers (SRF) in different temperature conditions?

Slow release Fertilizers are products which include an substance (inhibitor) added to extend the time the nitrogen component of the fertilizer remains in the soil in urea or ammoniacal form.

Urease Inhibitor - a substance which blocks the conversion of urea to ammonia for a period of one to two weeks.

Nitrification Inhibitor (DCD, DMPP) - a substance that inhibits the biological oxidations of ammoniacal nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen.

How is CRF different to SRF? These two technologies have different release mechanisms. The nutrient release in CRF is controlled by diffusion, while for SRF the release is controlled by hydrolysis and biodegradation. This results in SRF’s performance being more dependent on environmental conditions, which is detrimental for consistent results year after year.

SRF

Slow Release Fertilizers offer weak performance at warm temperatures!

This study outlines that even at 20°C the longevity of DMPP and DCD is maximum 35 days which is less than the commonly claimed 1.5 months.

35

Factors controlling nutrient release on soils with sufficient moisture (Field capacity)

CRF

Temperature Irrigation intensity

Temperature

Soil pH Soil microbial activity

N Fertilizer with DCD

N-NH4+ (m/kg)

30

Controlled Release Fertilizers are considered to have the highest nutrient use efficiency as compared to other type of fertilizers.

25 20

10 C°

15

20 C°

10

30 C°

5 0

0

7

14

21

28

35

35

42

49

56

63

70

77

84

91

98

105

N Fertilizer with DMPP

N-NH4+ (m/kg)

30 25 20 15

10 C°

10

20 C°

5

30 C°

0

0

7

14

21

28

35

42

49

56

Days

10

63

70

77

84

91

98

105

Type of product

Controlled Release Fertilizers

Slow Release Fertilizers (inhibitors)

Granular Conventional Fertilizers

Water Soluble Fertilizers

Typical nutrient use efficiency (%)

80-90

50-70

20-40

60-80

Source: Ammonium oxidation kinetics in the presence of nitrification inhibitors DCD and DMPP at various temperatures by Irogoyen et.al. (Spain)

E-Max Release Technology new solution for a modern agriculture 2006 - Start development

Developed product with licensed chemistry Several variations and several substrates

Extensive field trials (2007-present) • Pre-release trials • Commercial trials of E-Max

Developed own Improved Process E-max it is a Everris/ ICL patented technology

Pilot plant for E-Max process Location: Heerlen, NL. Operational since June 2012

Production facility Location: Summerville, USA. Operational since December 2012

New Production facility!

Location: Heerlen, NL. Operational since 2016

Factory in Heerlen

11

The new coating technology of ICL Specialty Fertilizers

E-Max release technology is a polymer coating which improves nutrient use efficiency. The release of nutrients is based upon moisture and temperature, offering predictable longevities.

Nutrient Core E-Max coating

Under the influence of the soil temperature, moisture penetrates the semi permeable E-Max coating and dissolves the nutrient core.

Release Technology

E-Max Release Technology

The moisture uptake and dissolution of the nutrient core results in build-up of osmotic pressure inside the E-Max coated granule.

The osmotic pressure causes the nutrient solution to release through microscopic pores in the E-Max coating.

The osmotic pressure causes the nutrient solution to release through microscopic pores in the E-Max coating. The nutrients are fully released and the E-Max coating disintegrates into the soil.

Unique characteristics of E-Max Release Technology RELATIVELY HIGH NUTRIENT CONTENT

ABILITY TO COAT DIFFERENT FERTILIZERS

HIGH HANDLING RESISTANCE

Thin coating layer allow nutrient content

- Hygroscopic

- Quality not affected by transport /

similar to raw materials.

- Irregular

handling etc.

- Uncoated Urea - 46%N

- Even at low coating weights

-C oated Urea Agrocote Max

- Enables blending at different facilities

Coating layer

Urea

2-3 M longevity - 44%N Cross section - Electronic Microscopy

12

Temperature Behavior

Different longevity and release profiles possible with E-Max Release Technology

Typical longevity appearing on the bags is for an scenario with soil temperatures of 21°C. This longevities will change with different temperatures, becoming shorter at higher temperatures and longer at lower temperatures. It is important to take this into consideration when choosing the right product for each situation.

Based on changing the coating layer thickness we can produce E-Max granules with longevities up to 5-6 months, making it possible to supply N to different crops with just one base application.

Values from water leach - release test at 21 ºC 1-2M

100

2-3M

3-4M

TYPICAL LONGEVITY

4-5M

5-6M

% Release

80

60

SOIL TEMPERATURE 16ºC

21ºC

26ºC

2-3M

1-2M

0.5-1.5M

3.5-4.5M

2-3M

1-2M

5-6M

3-4M

2-3M

8-9M

5-6M

3-4M

40

20

0 0

50

Time (days)

100

150

200

Why use E-Max Release Technology

1 2 3 4 5

The newest ICL’s invention reacted polymer coating a single element (N) Strong durable coating Predictable longevities at different temperatures Release mechanism based on moisture & temperatures Competitive price 13

With I know I am in control

“Since I use Agromaster I have improved the quantity and quality of my harvest.

I’m really pleased with my Agromaster fertilizer.”

Maurizio Tiozzo, Italy Carrot

14

Portfolio Superior in performance but simple to use What is Agromaster?

Why use Agromaster

Agromaster is a product combining the advanced E-Max coating technology with specially selected NPK granules.

1 2 3 4 5

E-Max Release Technology Longevity: 1-2M up to 5-6M

Higher or equal yield with less mineral input due to continual release of nutrients Easier to use, less work and less soil compaction due to fewer field applications Better for the environment due to reduced leaching Enhanced crop uniformity thanks to controlled nutrition Fast initial nutrient release, ideal for fast growing crops

The Agromaster range

The products presented are only part of a large portfolio.

For more formulations please ask your ICL Specialty Fertilizers area representative or visit our website www.icl-sf.com

Item no.

NPK Analysis

% Coated N

Longevity

5072

12-5-19+4MgO

32

2-3M

5073

19-5-20+4MgO

34

2-3M

5074

12-26-9+3MgO

34

2-3M

5075

16-10-16+2MgO

32

2-3M

5076

25-5-10+2MgO

32

2-3M

5089

10-5-23+5MgO

61

2-3M

5111

15-7-15+3MgO

30

2-3M

5113

15-5-20+3MgO

30

2-3M

5114

11-11-21+3MgO

41

2-3M

5083

30-8-12

71

3-4M

5084

34-9-6

70

4-5M

4286

17-0-8+3CaO+3MgO

81

4-5M

5017

22-10-10+4MgO

82

5-6M

5018

16-8-16+5MgO

79

5-6M

15

Portfolio The pure technology product What is Agrocote Max? Agrocote Max is a single nutrient, 100% coated product.

E-Max Release Technology Longevity: 1-2M up to 5-6 M

Why use Agrocote

1 2 3 4

Highly durable coating that provides consistent gradual nutrient release Delivers the core nutrients over a period of one to seven months and can therefore be applied on crops with short and medium growing periods The durable coating ensures less breakage and therefore longer residual feeding Better for the environment due to reduce leaching

The Agrocote range Item no.

NPK Analysis

% Coated N

Longevity

7000

44-0-0

100

1-2M

7001

44-0-0

100

2-3M

7002

43-0-0

100

3-4M

7003

43-0-0

100

4-5M

7004

42-0-0

100

5-6M

The products presented are only part of a large portfolio. For more formulations please ask your closest representative of ICL Specialty Fertilizers or visit www.icl-sf.com

16

With I know I am in control

“The final weight and the quality I get with Agromaster is superior to any other fertilizer.

I use Agromaster on all my crops because after several years of trying different fertilizers I have found that Agromaster is the one for me.”

Don Jesús Bermejo, Spain Leek 17

Application Methods - how to apply the product?

Bed application

Broadcast application

18

Row application

Spreading test - Spreading Agrocote Max The trial carried out in The Netherlands, in collaboration with R&D Strooier Afstel & Advies, confirmed a good overlapped spread pattern of Agrocote Max 44-0-0, 2-3M (100% coated N) at 36-metre, with a variation coefficient of 8.1 and a good spreadability up to 40 m.

Spreading test - Spreading Agromaster The trial carried out in The Netherlands, in collaboration with R&D Strooier Afstel & Advies, confirmed an excellent overlapped spread pattern of Agromaster 10-5-23+5MgO, 2-3M, an uniform blend of coated Nitrogen (61%) and a compound fertilizer, with a variation coefficient of 6.1 and a good spreadability up to 40 m.

19

With I know I am in control

“Now I use Agromaster for most of my crops and I am fully convinced of the added value.

There is no way I will stop using Agromaster in the future.�

Corne Schouten, The Netherlands Potato

20

Crop recommendations Alliums

250-400 kg/ha

Brassicas

250-400 kg/ha

Fabaceaes

150-200 kg/ha

Solanaceaes

300-500 kg/ha

Salads

100-150 kg/ha

Arable crops

100-250 kg/ha

Orchards

150-200 kg/ha

Umbeliferaeas

250-400 kg/ha

Onion | Garlic | Leek

Cabbage | Cauliflower | Brocolli

Peas | Beans

Potato | Tomato | Pepper

Cereals | Maize | Oil crops

Apple | Pear

Carrots | Parsley

The recommendations are general and should be personalized with specific formulation containing E-Max technology, according to the soil analysis and your local growing conditions! For tailor made crop recommendations please contact your dealer or ICL Specialty Fertilizers team!

21

E-Max Release Technology - Proven in the field

Crop trials: • Fresh market potato • Seed potato • Melon • Chinese cabbage • Maize • Rice • Winter Wheat

This is a selection from a large data base of trials. Fore more details please contact your local ICL SF sales representative!

22

Release Technology

Fresh market potato Better results in one application Tuber size distribu,on from total yield, MT/ha

Yield, MT/ha 90

75

75

60

60

45

45

30

30

15

15 0

AgrocoteMax, 2-3M Total yield

Objective: Trial station:

Grower Prac:ce

0

> 50 mm AgrocoteMax, 2-3M

Marketable yield

rove the efficiency of Agrocote Max in P increasing the yield, with only one application Ittre- Belgium

35-50 mm

other size (mm)

Grower PracAce

Conclusions: With only one application, Agrocote Max meets the plants needs for Nitrogen providing 23% more yield in total per hectare and 24 % increase of total marketable yield.

ICL product: 1 application of Agrocote Max 44-0-0, 2-3M, coated N 100% Grower Practice: 2 application of Liquid Ammonium Nitrate *The level of N, P and K was equal for both fields N = 215 kg/ha, K2O5 = 500 kg/ha

23

Release Technology

Seed potato Better results in one application No. of tubers x 1000 / ha 460 450 440 430 420 410 400 390 380

Objective: Trial station:

44 42 40 38 36 34 32 Agrocote, 1-2M

GrowerGP Practice

rove the efficiency of Agrocote Max in increasing the yield, with P only one application Proefcentrum Zwaagdijk - The Netherlands

ICL product: 1 application of Agrocote Max 44-0-0, 1-2M, coated N 100% Grower Practice: 2 application of Calcium Nitrate *The level of N, P and K was equal for both fields N = 127 kg/ha, P2O5 = 45 kg/ha, K2O = 30 kg/ha

24

Total yield MT/ha

30

Agrocote, 1-2M

GrowerGP Practice

Conclusions: Agrocote Max proves that with controlled release nutrition the number of tubers per hectare increased by 12%.

Total marketable yield increased by 19% while the Return on Investment increased by 14%.

Release Technology

Melon Controlled Released Nitrogen vs DMPP Yield, MT/ha

Fruit size distribu,on from marketable yield, (%) 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%

40 30 20 10 0

Agromaster Total yield

Objective:

Grower Prac4ce

% (450-550g)

% (550-800g) % (800-1150g) % (1150-1350g) % (1350-1750g)

Marketable yield

Trial station:

rove the efficiency of Agromaster as Controlled Release Fertilizer vs P DMPP based product, as Slow Release Fertilizers CEHM, France

ICL product: Grower Practice:

Agromaster 12-5-19+4MgO, 2-3M, coated N 34% N-DMPP

Agromaster

% >1750g

GP

Conclusions: Agromaster proved that Controlled Release Fertilizers perform better than Slow Release Fertilizer, not only in scientific trials but also in open field production.

Agromaster 12-5-19+4MgO provides better result, due to the controlled release Nitrogen, and achieved a 17% marketable yield increase vs Grower Practice while the Return on Investment was increased by 8.25%.

*The level of N, P and K, provided by the base fertilizer: N = 36 N, P2O5 = 24 kg/ha, K2O = 144 kg/ha, MgO = 39 kg/ha Solinure FX was applied as WSF in both fields in order to fulfill the plants needs

25

Release Technology

Melon Proven success with Potassium Chloride based Agromaster Total & marketable yield, MT/ha 19

Fruit size distribu,on on marketable yield 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%

18 17 16 15 14

12-5-19+4MgO

15-6-20+2MgO

Total yield

Objective:

15-5-20+3MgO

350-550g (cailber 21)

Marketable yield

Trial station:

rove that Potassium Chloride and Potassium Sulphate based P Agromaster provide same results in identical growing conditions CEHM, France

ICL products:

Agromaster 12-5-19+4MgO, 2-3M, coated N 34% (containing Potassium Sulphate) Agromaster 15-5-20+3MgO, 2-3M, coated N 30% (containing Potassium Chloride ) Agromaster 15-6-20+2MgO, 2-3M, coated N 30% (containing Potassium Chloride )

*The level of N, P and K was equal for all objects N = 36 kg/ha, P2O5 = 24 kg/ha, K2O = 138 kg/ha 26

550-800g (caliber 15)

800-1150g (caliber 12)

12-5-19+4MgO

15-6-20+2MgO

1150-1350g (caliber 11)

1350-1750g (caliber 9)

15-5-20+3MgO

Conclusions: Agromaster analyses containing Potassium Sulphate or Potassium Chloride obtain the same yield (no statistical difference).

Agromaster based on Potassium Chloride gives a better fruit size and increases yield, in preferred caliber 12, with more than 10%.

Release Technology

Chinese cabbage Better results in one application vs conventional fertilizers Yield MT/ha 120 100 80 60 40 20 0

Agromaster

Grower Prac5ce

Objective: Prove the efficiency of Agromaster in providing uniform growth and yield increase Trial station: Experimental Station of Agricultural University in Krakow, Poland

Conclusion:

ICL product: 1 application of Agromaster 25-5-10+2MgO, 2-3M, coated N 32% Grower Practice: 1 application of Nitrogen

Agromaster 25-5-10+2MgO provides better results and achieves a 21.8% yield increase vs Grower Practice at the same Nitrogen rate.

Agromaster reduces Nitrogen losses due to less leaching and volatilization.

*The level of N, P and K was equal for both fields Total dosage of N = 150 kg/ha

27

Release Technology

Maize Similar results with less applications Yield, MT/ha 14,1 13,8 13,5 13,2 12,9

Agromaster 1 Urea Agromaster 2 Urea (minus 50 kg units (minus 50 kg units (full dosage of N) (minus 50 kg units of N) of N) of N)

Objective: Prove the performance of Coated Fertilizers in obtaining the same yield in 1 application with less nutrients Trial station: Grceta, France ICL products:

Grower Practice:

Agromaster 1, 2-3M (60% coated Urea + 40% uncoated Urea) Agromaster 2, 2-3M (40% coated Urea + 60% uncoated Urea) Urea-N, 2 applications

*The level of N, P and K was equal for both fields Full dosage of N = 215 kg/ha 28

Conclusions: Agromaster, 2-3 M (40% coated Urea + 60% uncoated Urea) is for maize the best advice in terms of Return On Investment, reducing the cost for labor, transport and farm logistics; Agromaster is advised in sandy and draining soils, applied in the row and incorporated, at 4-6 leaves crop stage.

Nitrogen rate has to be aligned to the local farmer practice.

Release Technology

Rice Better results in one application Panicle/m²

Yield (MT/Ha) 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Objective: Trial station:

620 600 580 560 540 520 Agrocote 3-4M

Grower Prac8ce

rove the efficiency of E-Max technology in one application vs P Grower Practice CREA – rice unit station, Vercelli, Italy

ICL product: 1 application of Agrocote Max 43-0-0, 3-4M, coated N 100% Grower Practice: 3 application of Urea – N

500

Agrocote 3-4M

Grower Prac6ce

Conclusions: With only one application Agrocote Max improves the number of tillers.

Total yield increases by 30% while the Return on Investment increases by 16% vs Grower Practice.

*The level of N, P and K was equal for both fields N = 120 kg/ha; P2O5 = 60 kg/ha; K2O = 60 kg/ha

29

Release Technology

Rice Better results in one application, proven in different locations Yield, MT/ha

Panicle/m²

10

500

8

400

6

300

4

200

2

100

0

Trial 1 (clay) Agromaster

Trial 2 (sand) Grower Prac=ce

Objective: Prove the efficiency of Agromaster as a base fertilizer vs Grower Practice Trial station: Trial 1 - IRTA, Amposta - Catalunya, Spain

Trial 2 - Illa de Riu - Catalunya, Spain ICL product: Grower Practice:

1 application of Agromaster 30-8-11, 4-5M, coated N 75% 1 application of Urea – N and 2 application of Ammonium Sulphate

*The level of N, P and K was equal for both fields N = 160 kg/ha, P2O5 = 42 kg/ha; K2O = 58 kg/ha 30

0

Trial 1 (clay) Agromaster

Trial 2 (sand) Grower Prac=ce

Conclusions: Even though the amount of plants per square meter was the same for both treatments, the amount of panicles was clearly higher with Agromaster, which indicates a higher tillering.

Total yield increases in both trial stations in average with 21%.

Return on Investment is 25% higher vs Grower Practice

Release Technology

Winter wheat Better efficiency in nutrients uptake with mini coated granulated fertilizers Nutrients eďŹƒciency to produce 1 MT of grains - kg/ha -

Yield, MT/ha 6 25

5

20

4 3

15

2

10

1

5

0

Agromaster Start Mini 1

Agromaster Start Mini 2

Grower Prac:ce

Objective: Prove the efficiency of Agromaster Start Mini applied in furrow vs broadcasting conventional base fertilizers Trial station: INCDA-Fundulea, Romania ICL products:

Grower Practice:

Agromaster Start Mini 1 = Agromaster Start Mini 80 kg/ha, in Autumn Agromaster Start Mini 2 = Agromaster Start Mini 60 kg/ha, in Autumn Conventional fertilizers = P2O5 = 80 kg/ha; K2O = 40kg/ha, in Autumn

0

N P K

Agromaster Start Mini 1 Agromaster Start Mini 2

Grower Prac7ce

Conclusions: Agromaster Start Mini 21-21-5+2MgO+15SO3 is a highly efficient mini coated granulated fertilizer for winter wheat.

Applied at sowing time, in furrows, close to the seeds, Agromaster Start Mini shows that by using less nutrients you can obtain better yields, reducing labor cost, soil compaction and improving fam logistics in autumn.

In Spring all objects received an extra 40 kg/ha of Nitrogen Total yield increases up to 40% with a high protein level – 13.4% 31

Release Technology

Winter wheat Yield increases with one application and less nutrients Yield, MT/ha

Weight 1000 grains (g)

8

80

6

60

4

40

2

20

0

Grower Prac/ce

Agromaster 1 Trial Sta/on 1

Agromaster 2

Agromaster 1 = Agromaster 27-5-9, 4-5M (75% coated N), in Autumn Agromaster 2 = Agromaster 27-5-9, 4-5M (66% coated N), in Autumn Conventional fertilizers = 1 application in Autumn for P and K and 3 applications of N in Spring

Dosages for Grower Practice (kg/ha):

Trial station 1 N = 138; P2O5 = 20; K2O = 35;

Trial station 2 N = 149; P2O5 = 25; K2O = 40; The dosage of Agromaster, in both trial stations, was reduced for Nitrogen with 30%; the level of P and K was similar with Grower Practice in each trial station.

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Conven,onal

Trial Sta/on 2

Objective: Prove the efficiency of Agromaster vs Grower Practice (conventional fertilizer) Trial station1: clay soil, rain fed, Bou-Salem, Tunisia Trial station 2: sandy soil, irrigated, Chebika, Tunisia ICL products:

Grower Practice:

0

Agromaster 1 Trial Sta,on 1

Agromaster 2

Trial Sta,on 2

Conclusions: Agromaster proves the concept of E-Max Release Technology - with only one application and less nutrients, similar or greater yield can be achieved.

By using Agromaster, total yield increases up to 10%, with less nutrients and only 1 application, reducing labor cost, soil compaction, improving farm’s logistics.

With I know I am in control

“We are using ICL Agromaster fertilizers.

Based on the soil analysis we receive a fertilization program. This always delivers excellent results!”

Ivan Simeunović, Slovenia Cabbage

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CONTROLLED RELEASE FERTILIZERS (CRF)

5 %

CRF are considered as the fertilizer with the highest nutrient use efficiency.

FERTILIZER

Mineral Fertilizers are responsible for over half of the world food production.

CONVENTIONAL FERTILIZERS Supply

140

COATED FERTILIZERS

mln mt

of mineral fertilizer are used every year

Deficient Supply

Excess Supply

USE EFFICIENCY BY FERTILIZER CATEGORY Cumulative Supply Demand

80-90%

Controlled-Release Fertilizers

Cumulative Demand

60-80%

Fully-Soluble Fertilizers (by fertigation)

50-70%

Slow-Release Fertilizers

20-40%

Partially-Soluble Fertilizers

Coated Fertilizers supply of nutrients matches the demand of the plants to give both optimal growth and nutrient efficiency.

CONTROLLED RELEASE FERTILIZER MODE OF ACTION N

N Under influence of the soil N temperature moisture penetrates N N the semi permeable E-MaxN coating N and dissolves the nutrient core

N N

N

N N

N N

N

N

N

The moisture uptake and N N dissolution of the nutrient core resultsN in buildup of osmotic N N pressure inside the E-Max coated granule N N N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

NN

N N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N N

N

N

N

The osmotic pressure causes the nutrient solution to release through microscopic pores in the E-Max coating

N

Due to the controlled release of nutrients, less leaching of nutrients will take place

-40%

SAFE SAFE SAFE

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N

N

N

N N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N N

BENEFITS Due to continuous nutrient release, stress periods of nutrient deficiencies are avoided

EFFICIENCY • ECONOMY • ECOLOGY

N NN

N

N

ICL SF APPROACH TO SUSTAINABILITY

N

N

N

Reductions of 40% of nutrients can be reached vs applications with conventional fertilizers

Due to the gradual release of nutrients, the EC of the soil solution is not affected

The nutrient are fully released and the E-Max coating desintegrates into the soil

ICL Specialty Fertilizers contributes to a profitable, responsible and sustainable agriculture Efficiency ✔ Improve nutrition delivery and efficiency Economy ✔ Reduce fertilizer, labor and resource costs ✔ Increase yield ✔ Generate more return on investment per season Ecology ✔ Minimize nutrient loss due to leaching, emission, volatilization and runoff

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HQ_082016

P.O. Box 40 4190 CA Geldermalsen The Netherlands Tel.: +31 (0) 418 655 700 Fax: +31 (0) 418 655 795 Email: info@icl-sf.com www.icl-sf.com

Everris International B.V. (UK, Netherlands, Germany) is certified according ISO - 9001.

Everris International B.V. Heerlen is also certified according ISO – 14001 and OHSAS – 18001.

Everris International B.V. is a legal entity under ICL Specialty Fertilizers.