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Volume 18, No. 12, Section A
T
December, 2018
The Charleston, South Carolina Area
he Charleston Area is a veritable living museum populated with expertly preserved antebellum mansions; however, it is also a bustling epicenter of culture, invigorating outdoor activity, and sumptuous dining that welcomes close to four million visitors annually. Get to know the destination with this timeline.
Historic Overview In 1669, under the leadership of Captain Joseph West, three vessels – the Carolina, the Port Royal, and the Albemarle – set their sites on the new land: America. A severe storm separated the three ships, wrecked the Port Royal, and forced the Carolina to land in Bermuda. In the spring of 1670, 150 English colonists, indentured servants, and slaves sailed into the Charleston harbor. The first view of what would become the new colony of Carolina came in March 1670 at Bull’s Island. The travelers landed on a promising location they christened Albemarle Point in April 1670. The Proprietors soon flattered their king, Charles II, by insisting the settlement be
named Charles Town in his honor. Enemies of the colony included the French, the Spanish, hostile Indian tribes, and pirates. Disease was also rampant due to poor sanitation and an inhospitable location. Additional settlers arrived from Barbados in February 1671. By 1672, the expanding settlement recognized the advantages of relocating across the river on the peninsula land called “Oyster Point” because of the mounds of opened and discarded oyster shells left there by the Kiawah Indians. This piece of land soon attracted settlers because of its strategic location between the Cooper and Ashley Rivers. By the late 1670s, Proprietors hoped to avoid the narrow, twisting streets of European cities by using the classical continental street plan. Charles Town became the first American to use city planning where streets were laid out in “broad and straight lines.” By 1680, the rest of the settlement was brought to peninsula Charles Town and the population reached 1,000. To protect the Carolina settlement from attack, a wall constructed out of local materials (mainly brick, palmetto logs, and tabby) emerged in the late 1690s. By 1718, the coast had been cleared of most enemies and the wall, no longer needed, was destroyed. With its many wharves along East Bay Street, Charles Town became a busy seaport. Ships carrying raw materials, deer skins, rice, indigo, and eventually cotton were exported to England and commerce was born. Ships returned heavy with
Photos courtesy of the Charleston Area CVB
staples and luxuries of Europe, which lent a cosmopolitan air to the growing community. Even in its infancy Charleston had the reputation of being a “Little London” in the semi-tropic wilds of the New World. By 1740, Charles Town was becoming the most critical port in North America for exporting, and an economic boom surged across the colony. Colonists found out early that the New World had its share of troubles and danger as the coastal town endured a small pox epidemic, a fire which destroyed one-third of the colony, including 300 houses and a great number of stores in just four hours, a plague among the cattle, yellow fever, and several major hurricanes. Disasters continued to ravage the city with fires in 1740, 1796, 1838, and 1861.
The philosophy of early Charles Town was based on religious tolerance, and it was believed that with this attitude the settlement would increase in numbers and profitability. The second charter guaranteed religious freedom. The openness towards religion brought French Huguenots, Baptists (known then as Anabaptists), Congregationalists, and Presbyterians. Early in the next century, 12 Scottish families withdrew to form the Scots Kirk, now the First Scots Presbyterian Church. A Jewish congregation formed in 1750, followed shortly by a Lutheran Church and Methodist assembly. The first Roman Catholic mass was held in Charleston in 1786. Because of its origins for religious diversity, Charleston became known as “The Holy City.” continued on page 2A ...
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