Уравновешенный взгляд на деньги

Page 1

!"#2

˚"˚ %• ˛ )˙ ˙˚ &

˚ ) & 6 > 5 9

!"#2 ' Ëš Ëš 7

Ëš Ë?

`*,Z\,1j1ZZmy ,4-Wq/ Z* /1Zn-S ;

s Ë?Ëš • Ë™

w

) Ëš

˙1Zn-S \aY\b`Sb1 ,S/1\`\WSV S d4Z*yb1E hb\ ]\/`\abVS /dY*pb \ b\YE V*V `*a]\`q3*bnaq /1Zn-*YSD

`d]ZmY ]W*Z\YB WS3ZSy \ab\V <

r

#& Ëš &Ëš

L Y\b`Sb1 ,VW*/Vd ˚• ˚ ˚ ) ˛ ˙

M

*V ]\]`\aSbn ]`\k1ZSq 5>

Ëš % Ë› "

1`\/\b 56

˙˚

w

& Ë™ Ëš %

d/n /\+`mY S -\b\,mY /1WSbnaq

% Ë™%

\14/V* , SV*`*-d* 58

Ë› Ëš )

1/Z\abn 5:

˙1bS ]\WdhSWS \b `\/Sb1W1y ]\/*`VSD ˙*/db WS \ZS /`d- /`d-d ]\S-`*bn a ZSYSH

r

L Y\b`Sb1 ,VW*/Vd ˚• ˚ ˚ ) ˛ ˙˚ M

• & ˛ % ˚ H

SV`\\`-*ZS4YmE V\b\`m1 `*ak1]Wqpb Z1ebn

Vol. 96, No. 9 / Monthly / RUSSIAN

S`*3 V*3/\-\ ,m]daV*B 95 ;<< >>> Z* 5>7 q4mV*f 1a]W*bZ\D 'b\ S4/*ZS1 P h*abn ,a1YS`Z\y +S+W1yaV\y ]`\a,1bSb1WnZ\y /1qb1WnZ\abSE V\b\`*q ]`\,\/Sbaq f`SabS*ZaVSYS ,S/1b1WqYS 1-\,m S ]\//1`3S,*1baq /\+`\,\WnZmYS ]\31`b,\,*ZSqYSD ËšaWS Z1 dV*4*Z\ SZ*h1E +S+W1yaVS1 gSb*bm ,4qbm S4 w ,qk1ZZ\-\ Sa*ZSq P 1`1,\/* Z\,\-\ YS`*x Awake! (ISSN 0005-237X) is published monthly by Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.; L. Weaver, Jr., President; G. F. Simonis, Secretary-Treasurer; 25 Columbia Heights, Brooklyn, NY 11201-2483. 4/*b1Wnab,\B Wachtturm Bibel- und Traktat-Gesellschaft der Zeugen Jehovas, e. V ., Selters/Taunus. Verantwortliche Redaktion: Ramon Templeton, Selters/Taunus. 5 2015 Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania. Printed in Germany

Ë?1W*1b1 WS ,m ]\WdhSbn +\Wnj1 SZe\`Y*gSS SWS f\bSb1E hb\+m a ,*YS ]`\,\/SW\an +1a]W*bZ\1 /\Y*jZ11 S4dh1ZS1 S+WSSH \a1bSb1 a*yb www.jw.org/ru SWS Z*]SjSb1 ]\ \/Z\Yd S4 dV*4*ZZmf ZS31 */`1a\, ˙˚ Ëš Ëš %B Ëš &B 1WS-S\4Z\1

\+l1/SZ1ZS1 ,S/1b1W1y 1-\,m , 1a]d+WSV1 1W*`danE 66>>7>E SZaVE */q =D B ;=8=5E n,T,O `pf\,ShTE */a =99D \WZmy a]Sa\V */`1a\, aY\b`Sb1 Z* a*yb1 www.jw.org/ru/a,q4*bnaq

˚ ˝

`*,Z\,1j1ZZmy ,4-Wq/ Z* /1Zn-S ) E hb\ /1Zn-S ]`*,qb YS`\YD ob\ \bh*abS ]`*,/*D 1/n +14 /1Z1- Z1 Vd]Sbn 1/dE \/13/d S 3SWn1D w \Wn /1Z1- , \+k1ab,1 Z1,\4Y\3Z\ ]1`1\g1ZSbnEP ]Sj1b \/SZ eSZ*Za\,my \+\4`1,*b1WnDP ˚aWS /1Zn-SE V*V a`1/ab,\ \+Y1Z*E S4lqbn S4 \+\`\b*E ob\ ,,1`-Z1b YS` , a\ab\qZS1 ]*ZSVS S ,\yZm +dV,*WnO Z\ 4* Y1aqgxD

\Z1hZ\E ,W*abn /1Z1- Z1 +14-`*ZShZ*D \`,13aVSy ]Sa*b1Wn `Z1 *`+\`- aV*4*WE hb\ 4* /1Zn-S wY\3Z\ Vd]Sbn 1/dE Z\ Z1 *]]1bSbC W1V*`ab,\E Z\ Z1 4/\`\,n1C Yq-Vdp ]\ab1WnE Z\ Z1 a\ZC 4Z*ZS1E Z\ Z1 Yd/`\abnC ,Z1jZSy +W1aVE Z\ Z1 V`*a\bdC `\O aV\jnE Z\ Z1 dpbC ,1a1Wn1E Z\ Z1 `*/\abnC 4Z*V\YmfE Z\ Z1 /`dO 41yC aWd-E Z\ Z1 ,1`Z\abnxD ˚aWS h1W\,1V a\f`*Zq1b d`*,Z\,1j1ZZmy ,4-Wq/ Z* /1Zn-S P ,\a]`SZSY*1b Sf V*V a`1/ab,\E * Z1 g1WnEP 3S4Zn +d/1b ]`SZ\O aSbn 1Yd +\Wnj1 d/\,W1b,\`1ZSqD S+WSq ]`1/d]`13/*1bE hb\ wV\`1Zn ,a1-\ 4W\-\ P Wp+\,n V /1Zn-*YE S Z1V\b\`m1E ]`1/*,O jSan ob\y Wp+,SDDD ]`\Z4SWS a1+q YZ\-SYS ab`*/*ZSqYSx L5 SO Y\e1p :B5>MD ˛*Y1bnb1E hb\ ,`1/ ]`SZ\aSb Wp+\,n V /1Zn-*YE * Z1 a*YS /1Zn-SD ˚aWS h1W\,1V ]`S/*1b /1Zn-*Y aWSjV\Y +\Wnj\1 4Z*O h1ZS1E ob\ Y\31b ,+Sbn VWSZ , \bZ\j1ZSq Y13/d /`d4nqYS SWS hW1Z*YS a1YnSD \b Z1aV\WnV\ ]`SY1`\,D

`\+d/Sb1anI a1Zbq+`n 6>59

7

˙oZS1W1B w) ,a1-/* ahSb*W a,\1-\ /`d-* \Y*a* ]`SqbZmYE ]\`q/\hZmY h1W\,1V\YD Z*a a ZSY ZSV\-/* Z1 +mW\ ]`\O +W1YE ]\V*DDD \Z Z1 Vd]SW d Y1Zq Y*jSZdD ) Z1 4Z*WE hb\ , Y*O jSZ1 +mWS V*VS1Ob\ Z1Sa]`*,Z\abSD b\Yd 31 ]\ /\-\,\`d \Z a\-W*aSWaq Vd]Sbn 11 tV*V 1abnrD 1`14 b`S Y1aqg* Y*jSZ* aW\O Y*W*anD \Y*a ]\hd,ab,\,*W a1+q \+Y*ZdbmY S ab*W `*4/`*O 31ZZ\ b`1+\,*bnE hb\+m q ,1`ZdW /1Zn-SD ) +mW ]\b`qa1ZI \-O /* q ]\]mb*Waq a ZSY ]\-\,\`SbnE \Z 1k1 +\Wnj1 `*4\4WSWaqD 'b\ d31 +mW Z1 b\b /djV* \Y*aE V\b\`\-\ q 4Z*W `*Znj1D ,a1 S4O4* /1Z1-Ix ˚,*B w 1WWS P Y\q 1/SZab,1ZZ*q a1ab`*D m ,a1-/* W*/SWSE S q /*31 Z1 /dY*W*E hb\ Z*jS \bZ\j1ZSq Y\-db Sa]\`bSbnaq S4O 4* /1Z1-D \ SY1ZZ\ ob\ S ]`\S4\jW\D \aW1 aY1`bS `\/Sb1W1y Z*Y /\ab*W\an Z1+\Wnj\1 Z*aW1/ab,\D ZS f\b1WSE hb\+m Ym `*4/1WSWS /1Zn-S ]\`\,ZdD \ Y\q a1ab`*E ]`\S-Z\`S`\,*, Sf ‹ ,\WpE ]\b`1+\,*W* a1+1 +\Wnjdp h*abnD ) +mW* Z*ab`\1Z* ]\O /1WSbn ,a1 b*VE V*V f\b1WS ]*]* a Y*Y\yD 4O4* ob\-\ \Z* \+`dO jSW*an Z* Y1Zq a d-`\4*YSD Z* /\ aSf ]\` Z1 Y\31b YZ1 ob\O -\ ]`\abSbnxD 1 Y1Z* , ob\y ab*bn1 S4Y1Z1ZmD

˙˚ & ˚˙ ˚˝˙˚ ˚ 4O4* SaV*31ZZ\-\ ,4-Wq/* Z* /1Zn-S d h1W\,1V* Y\31b ]\q,Sbnaq aVW\ZZ\abn \ad3/*bn /`d-SfD *]`SY1`E +\-*bmy Y\O 31b /dY*bnE hb\ ,a1 +1/Zm1 P W1ZS,m1D b1E d V\-\ Z1+\Wnj\y /\ab*b\VE Y\-db ]\a]1jZ\ 4*VWphSbnE hb\ ,a1 a\ab\qb1WnO Zm1 Wp/S P 3*/Zm1 S /dY*pb b\WnV\ \ /1Zn-*fD S*ZZE /1,djV* S4 /\,\WnZ\ +\O -*b\y a1YnSE ab\WVZdW*an a ]\/\+ZmY ]`1/d+13/1ZS1YD \b hb\ \Z* -\,\`SbB w Z\-S1 /dY*WSE hb\ Y\y ]*]* /1Zn-S W\]*b\y -`1+1bD \ob\Yd q h*ab\ aWmj*O W*B t b\Sb b1+1 hb\Ob\ 4*f\b1bnE S b,\y ]*O ]\hV* ,a1 /Wq b1+q a/1W*1br SWS t 4,SZSE Ym Z1 Z*ab\WnV\ +\-*bmE hb\+m ]\4,\WSbn a1+1 b*VS1 jSV*`Zm1 Y*jSZmE V*V d ,*arD V\Zg1 V\Zg\, q ]\]`\aSW* /`d41y +\WnO j1 Z1 -\,\`Sbn ]\/\+Zmf ,1k1y S \+lqaO ZSW*E ]\h1Yd Sf aW\,* Y1Zq `*ZqbD ) f\O b1W*E hb\+m Wp/S \+`*k*WS ,ZSY*ZS1 Z1 Z* Y\S /1Zn-SE * Z* Y\S /\+`m1 /1W*xD

) S+WSq Z1 Z*4m,*1b /1Zn-S 4W\Y S Z1 \ad3/*1b b1fE d V\-\ \ZS 1abn P /*O 31 , +\Wnj\Y V\WSh1ab,1D W*,Z\1 Z1 b\E aV\WnV\ d h1W\,1V* /1Z1-E * 1-\ \bZ\j1O ZS1 V b\YdE hb\ \Z SY11b SWS f\h1b ]`S\+O `1abSD S+WSS ]`1/ab*,W1Z d`*,Z\,1O j1ZZmy ,4-Wq/ Z* /1Zn-SE V\b\`my *Vbd*O W1Z a1-\/Zq b*V 31E V*V S b\-/*E V\-/* \Z* +mW* Z*]Sa*Z*D *aaY\b`SY Z1aV\WnV\ ]`SY1`\,D )B w 1 ab`1YSan bq3VSY b`d/\Y Z*3Sbn +\-*bab,\x L `SbO hS 67B8MD VZS-1 w']S/1YSq Z*`gSaaS4Y*x -\O ,\`SbaqE hb\ b1E Vb\ ab`1YSbaq `*4+\-*O b1bnE +\Wnj1 ]\/,1`31Zm waW*+\dYSpE d ZSf h*k1 +\WSb -\`W\E a]SZ*E -\W\,*E \ZS +\W11 aVW\ZZm V *WV\-\WS4Yd S Z*`V\bSO h1aV\y 4*,SaSY\abSD b`1YW1ZS1 V \+\-*O k1ZSpE ]\ ,a1y ,S/SY\abSE /1W*1b Wp/1y Z1ah*abZmYSx LThe Narcissism EpidemicMD

S+W1yaVSy ,4-Wq/ Z* /1Zn-S *Vbd*W1Z a1-\/Zq b*V 31E V*V S , /`1,Z\abS

)B w dabn , ,*j1y 3S4ZS Z1 +d/1b Y1ab* Wp+,S V /1Zn-*YD d/nb1 /\,\WnZm b1YE hb\ 1abnx L˚,`1qY 57B9MD

\Z1hZ\E h1W\,1VE V\b\`my /\,\W1Z b1YE hb\ d Z1-\ 1abnE Z1 4*ab`*f\,*Z \b +1a]\V\yab,* \ /1Zn-*fE Z\ \Z Z1 +d/1b +1a]\V\Sbnaq \ ZSf h`14Y1`Z\D *]`SO Y1`E b*V\y h1W\,1V Z1 +d/1b aWSjV\Y \ab`\ `1*-S`\,*bnE 1aWS ]\Z1a1b d+mbVSD Z ]\ab*`*1baq ]`\q,Wqbn b*V\y 31 Z*O ab`\yE V*V\y +mW d *]\ab\W* *,W*E V\O b\`my Z*]Sa*WB w) 4Z*pE hb\ 4Z*hSb +mbn , aVd/\abSE 4Z*pE hb\ 4Z*hSb SY1bn S4\+SO WS1D \ ,a1Y S ,\ ,a1f \+ab\qb1Wnab,*f q ]\abS-E V*V\,\ +mbn ambmY S V*V\,\ -\W\O /*bnE SY1bn S4\+SWS1 S +mbn , Zd3/1x L SWS]]Syg*Y 8B56MD )B w \W*-*pkSyaq

Z* a,\1 +\-*bab,\ ]*/1bx L `SbhS 55B6<MD aSf\W\-S ahSb*pb `*4Z\-W*aSq S4O4* /1Z1- \/Z\y S4 \aZ\,Zmf ]`ShSZ `*4,\O /\,D 4O4* /1Z13Zmf 4*b`d/Z1ZSy Wp/S Z1`1/V\ 4*V*ZhS,*pb 3S4Zn a*Y\d+SyO ab,\YD \WnV\ ]\/dY*yb1B /Wq Z1V\b\`mf /1Zn-S ,*3Z11E h1Y +`*V S /*31 a\+abO ,1ZZ*q 3S4ZnI Z*]`\bS,E b1E Vb\ a\f`*O Zqpb d`*,Z\,1j1ZZ\1 \bZ\j1ZS1 V Y*O b1`S*WnZ\YdE Z1 ab*,qb a,\p 3S4Zn S ah*abn1 , 4*,SaSY\abn \b /1Z1-D ZS ]\WO Z\abnp a\-W*aZm a Yd/`mYS aW\,*YS SO ada* `Sab*B w˙*31 ]`S S4\+SWSS ,a1-\ 3S4Zn h1W\,1V* Z1 4*,SaSb \b b\-\E hb\ \Z SY11bx L dVS 56B59MD

+ ˚ &) ˙ ˝˚ ˙˚ ˚ w 1/*,Z\ \b1g S4Y1ZSW 4*,1k*ZS1E 4Z*hSb1WnO Z\ dY1ZnjS, Y\p /\Wp Z*aW1/ab,* S d,1WSO hS, /\WS Y\1-\ +`*b* S a1ab`mD m ]\-\,\`SO WS a ZSY \+ ob\YD ) ,a1 ]\ZqW S a\-W*aSWaq a 1-\ `1j1ZS1YD SV\-/* Z1 ]\4,\Wp V*VSYOb\ /1Zn-*Y ,ab*bn Y13/d YZ\y S Y\SYS `\/ZmO YSx L \adoE 99 W1bMD

˙˚ & ˚˙ ˛) & w 1/Zmy Z1Z*,Sab1Z /*31 a,\1Yd +WS3Z1YdE * d +\-*b\-\ YZ\-\ /`d41yx L `SbhS 58B6>MD

*V ,S/Z\ S4 ob\-\ +S+W1yaV\-\ abSf*E Z*j1 \bZ\j1ZS1 V /1Zn-*Y Y\31b ]\,WSqbn Z* Z*O j1 \bZ\j1ZS1 V Wp/qYD *]`SY1`E Ym Y\O 31Y ]`1Z1+`1-*bn b1YSE Vb\ Z1+\-*b S ZSh1-\ Z1 Y\31b /Wq Z*a a/1W*bnD Z*]`\bS,E 4*SO aVS,*bn ]1`1/ a\ab\qb1WnZmYS Wp/nYS , Z*O /13/1 /\+Sbnaq Sf `*a]\W\31ZSq S ]\WdhSbn V*VdpOb\ ,m-\/dD S+WSq \ad3/*1b V*V b1fE Vb\ \bZ\aqbaq a ]`1Z1+`131ZS1Y V +1/ZmYE b*V S b1fE Vb\ w,\ab\`-*pbaq /`d-SYS Wp/nYSx w`*/S a,\O 1y ,m-\/mx L d/m 5:C a*Sq 5>B5E 6MD \ab*,nO b1 ]1`1/ a\+\y g1Wn \bZ\aSbnaq V Wp/qY +14 ]`1/,4qb\abSD

`\+d/Sb1anI a1Zbq+`n 6>59

9

% ˚ & ˙˚ & H 1abZ*q a*Y\]`\,1`V* Y\31b ]\V*4*bnE hb\ ,*Y Zd3Z\ \bZ\aSbnaq V /1Zn-*Y +\W11 d`*,Z\,1j1ZZ\D *]`SY1`E 4*/*yb1 a1+1 aW1/dpkS1 ,\]`\amD

`S,W1V*pb WS Y1Zq +mab`m1

˙ & ˛ S+WSq ]`S4Z*1bDDD w˙1Zn-SDDD /*pb 4*kSbdx L'

˚˛ ;B56MD

/1Zn-SH

`d/Z\ WS YZ1 ]`\q,Wqbn k1/`\abnE /*,*q /1Zn-S /`d-SYH

kd WS q /`d41y , \aZ\,Z\Y a`1/S b1fE Vb\ ]\ab\qZZ\ -\,\`Sb \ /1Zn-*f S ,1k*fH

`S+1-*p WS q `*/S /1Z1- V\ W3S SWS /`d-SY dW\,V*YH

WSqpb WS /1Zn-S Z* Y\p

/Z*V\ S+WSq ]`1/d]`13/*1bDDD w b\ a]1jSb `*4+\-*b1bnE Z1 \ab*Z1baq +14 ,SZmx L 6<B6>MD

w 1E Vb\ `1jSWS `*4+\-*b1bnE ,]*/*pb , SaVdj1ZS1E S , W\,djVdE S ,\ YZ\-S1 +14`*aO ad/Zm1 S ]*-d+Zm1 31W*ZSqx L5 ˚( :B=MD

a*Y\\g1ZVdH

˙dY*p WS q ,a1 ,`1Yq \ /1Zn-*fH b`*/*1b WS Y\1 4/\`\,n1 S \bZ\j1ZSq a `\/ZmYS \b b\-\E V*V q \bZ\jdan V /1Zn-*YH

˚aWS ,m \b,1bSWS w/*x f\bq +m Z* \/SZ S4 obSf ,\O ]`\a\,E ]`SYSb1 Y1`mE hb\+m S4+*,Sbnaq \b Y*b1`SO *WSabSh1aVSf ,4-Wq/\,E S +\`Sb1an a SaVdj1ZSqYSD 4+1-*yb1 /`d3+m a Wp/nYSE V\b\`m1 ]`S/*pb /1Zn-*Y S SYdk1ab,d aWSjV\Y +\Wnj\1 4Z*h1ZS1D +k*yb1an a b1YSE /Wq V\-\ ,ma\VS1 Y\`*WnZm1 ]`SZgS]m ,*3Z11 Y*b1`S*WnZmf ,1k1yD

hSb1an +mbn k1/`mYS 1 ]\4,\Wqyb1 Wp+,S V /1Zn-*Y ]dabSbn q/\,SO bm1 V\`ZS , ,*j1Y a1`/g1D dabn /1Zn-S +d/db d ,*a Z* /\W3Z\Y Y1ab1 P ,a1-/* \b/*,*yb1 ]`S\`Sb1b /`d4nqYE a1Yn1 S 4/\`\,npE eS4Sh1aV\Yd S oY\gSO \Z*WnZ\YdD *V ,m ]\V*31b1E hb\ \bZ\aSb1an V /1ZnO -*Y d`*,Z\,1j1ZZ\D ˛

\ob\Yd S+WSq a\,1bd1bDDD w dabn , ,*j1y 3S4ZS Z1 +d/1b Y1ab* Wp+,S V /1Zn-*Yx L˚ ˚) 57B9MD

w 1`1-Sb1an ,aqV\-\ `\/* 3*/Z\abSE ]\b\Yd hb\ /*31 ]`S S4\+SWSS ,a1-\ 3S4Zn h1W\,1V* Z1 4*,SaSb \b b\-\E hb\ \Z SY11bx L 56B59MD w 1 4*+m,*yb1 /1W*bn /\+`\ S /1WSbnaq a /`d-SYSx L˚ ˚) 57B5:MD

h1Y ]\Wn4*H w \Wnj11 ah*abn1 P /*,*bnE h1Y ]\Wdh*bnx L˙˚) ) 6>B79MD w b\ k1/`E b\b +d/1b , /\ab*bV1E Vb\ /*W /`d-\Yd ]SbnE Z1 +d/1b 3*3/*bnx L 55B69E ˚ ˚ %• • ˚ ˚ ˙MD

˝ •

% B ˝ •

WS3ZSy \ab\V P V\Wm+1Wn YZ\-Sf /`1,ZSf gS,SWS4*gSy P Z1,1`\qbZ\ +\-*b *`f1\W\-Sh1aVSYS Z*f\/V*YSD

6>57 -\/d *`f1\W\-S \+Z*`dO 3SWS \-`\YZmy ,SZZmy ]\-`1+E V\b\`\Yd ]`SY1`Z\ 7 ;>> W1bD ob\Y ]\-`1+1E ]`SZ*/W13*,O j1Y f*Z*Z1qYE +mW\ Z*y/1Z\ 8> +\WnjSf Vd,jSZ\, /Wq ,SO Z*E ]\ \+l1Yd `*,Zmf ]`SY1`O Z\ 7 >>> a\,`1Y1ZZmf +dbmW\VD /SZ S4 *`f1\W\-\,E V\b\`my SaaW1/\,*W \a*/\V Z* ab1ZV*f Vd,jSZ\,E \bY1bSWE hb\ f*Z*O Z1S +mWS ]`1,\af\/ZmYS ,SO Z\/1W*YSD Z aV*4*WB w *3/my Vd,jSZ a\/1`3*W ,SZ\E ]`S-\O b\,W1ZZ\1 ab`\-\ ]\ `1g1]bdxD ˛ ˚ ˚ %H \-W*aZ\ S+WSSE

, /`1,Z1Y 4`*SW1 S4-\b*,WSO ,*WS ]`1,\af\/Z\1 ,SZ\ S f`*O ZSWS 1-\ , +\WnjSf Vd,jSZ*f L 1aZn ]1aZ1y ;B=C 1`1YSq 57B56MD

˙˚ ˚ • ˛ % *V a\\+k*1b -*41b* w *`/S*ZxE , 6>56 -\/d , ˚-S]b1 `\/SW\an Z* 9:> >>> /1b1y +\Wnj1E h1Y , 6>5>OYD w *V\-\ , Sab\`SS ˚-S]b* 1k1 Z1 +mW\xEP aV*4*W *O -1/ aY*ZE /S`1Vb\` ˚-S]1baV\-\ g1Zb`* S4dh1ZSq \+k1ab,1ZO Z\-\ YZ1ZSq LBaseeraMD 1V\b\`m1 oVa]1`bm ]\W*-*pbE hb\ 1aWS ‹ S /*Wnj1 b*V ]\y/1bE b\ ab`*Zd \3S/*1b 1k1 +\Wnj*q Z1f,*bV* ,\/mE oZ1`-SS S ]SkSD ˛ ˚ ˚ %H \-W*aZ\ S+WSSE Z*Y1`1ZS1 \-* a\ab\qW\ , b\YE hb\+m Wp/S Z*]\WZSWS 41YWp , `*4dYZmf ]`1/1W*f P b*VE hb\O +m d ,a1f +mW\ /\ab*b\hZ\ ]SkS S /`d-Sf `1ad`a\, L mbS1 5B6<C a*W\Y ;6B5:MD

˝˚ • ˚ 4`*SW1 Z1]\/*W1Vd \b j\aa1 +mW\ Z*y/1Z\ +\W11 5>> +`\Z4\,mf Y\Z1b a Z*/]SO anp wh1b,1`bmy -\/xD 'b* /*b* \bZ\aSbaq V h1b,1`b\Yd -\/d SdO /1yaV\-\ ,\aab*ZSq ]`\bS, `SYWqZ L:= P;> ZD oDME V\b\`\1 \V\ZO hSW\an `*4`dj1ZS1Y 1`da*WSY*D /SZ S4 `dV\,\/Sb1W1y `*aO V\]\VE *`f1\W\- *+W\ 1bg1`E aV*4*WB w h1,S/Z\E Vb\Ob\ ]\ZSY*WE hb\ V\Z1g +WS4\VEP ,\4Y\3Z\E \Z /*31 ,S/1W ]`S+WSO 31ZS1 `SYaV\y *`YSSEP S a]`qb*W a,\1 SYdk1ab,\ 4/1anE Z*O /1qan 4*+`*bn 1-\ ]\4/Z11xD ˛ ˚ ˚ %H 77 -\/d ZD oD Sada `Sab\a ]`1/aV*4*W Z*]*/1O ZS1 `SYaV\y *`YSS Z* 1`da*WSYD Z ]\+d/SW f`SabS*Z +13*bn , -\`mE hb\+m a]*abSan L dVS 65B6>P 68MD

`\+d/Sb1anI a1Zbq+`n 6>59

;

5 Stuart Westmorland/Corbis

˚ ˙˚ %

# & Ëš & Ëš

*V ]\]`\aSbn ]`\k1ZSq

Ë™ &

Ëš H

m b\WnV\ hb\ ]\aa\`SWSanD w 1 +d/d S4,SZqbnaqEP /dY*1O b1 ,mDP 1/n Z1 q ]1`,my Z*h*WIx

\`/\abnD w Z\-/* aV*4*bn tS4,SZSr \h1Zn aW\3Z\ S4O4* oW1Y1Zb*`Z\-\ o-\S4Y*xEP /1WSbaq *`Wn41D 4O4* -\`O /\abS Z*Y Y\31b +mbn abm/Z\ ]`S4Z*bnE hb\ Ym b\31 \bO h*abS ,SZ\,*bmD

m ZSh1-\ Z1 ]`1/]`SZSY*1b1E Z\ Z*]`q31ZS1 `*ab1bD \31bE ,a1Ob*VS S4,SZSbnaqH \ V*V 31 b`d/Z\ ,m/*,Sbn S4 a1+q /,* ]`\abmf aW\,*B w `\abS Y1ZqxI

*ab`\yD *Y Y\31b V*4*bnaqE hb\ S4,SZqbnaq Zd3Z\ b\WnV\ b\-/*E V\-/* ,m /1yab,Sb1WnZ\ ,SZ\,*bmD Ë?1ZO kSZ* ]\ SY1ZS Ë™3SWW -\,\`SbB w \-/* q 4Z*pE hb\ ob\ g1WSV\Y S ]\WZ\abnp Y\q ,SZ*E aV*4*bn tS4,SZSr Z1 ]`\O +W1Y*D \ 1aWS Ym \+* Z*-\,\`SWS WSjZ1-\E ]`\aSbn ]`\O k1ZSq -\`*4/\ b`d/Z11D \h1Yd q /\W3Z* S4,SZqbnaqE 1aO WS Ym \+* ,SZ\,*bmHx Ëšk1 aW\3Z11 S4,SZSbnaqE 1aWS ,m ahSb*1b1E hb\ ,\ ,a1Y ,SZ\,*b /`d-\yD w \-/* SaV`1ZZ1 d,1`1ZE hb\ ZSh1-\ ]W\O f\-\ Z1 a/1W*WE Z1 f\h1baq S4,SZqbnaqE ,1/n S4,SZ1ZS1 P ob\ ]`S4Z*ZS1 a,\1y ,SZmxEP -\,\`Sb Ë™3\41eD \a]Sb*ZS1D \4Y\3Z\E ,m ,m`\aWS , a1Yn1E , V\b\`\y +mW\ Z1 ]`SZqb\ S4,SZqbnaqD \-/* ,*YE aV\`11 ,a1-\E b`d/Z\ ]`S4Z*,*bn a,\S \jS+VSD ËšaWS ,m , /1bab,1 Z1 Z*dhSWSan SaV`1ZZ1 ]`\aSbn ]`\k1ZSqE ,`q/ WS ,*Y W1-O V\ ob\ /*1baq a1yh*aD 1 1V\b\`m1 SY1Z* , ob\y ab*bn1 S4Y1Z1ZmD

Y\-db ]\-*aSbn % 4,SZ1ZSq ]W*Yq aa\`m

r

Ë™`d-S1 ab*bnS , ]\Y\kn a1YnqY Y\3Z\ Z*ybS Z* a*yb1 jwDorg

˝ ˚˙ ) & \/dY*yb1 \ a,\1Y a]dbZSV1 3S4ZSD a]\YZSb1 aWdO h*yE V\-/* Vb\Ob\ ]\]`\aSW d ,*a ]`\k1ZSqD \YZSb1E V*V ,*Y +mW\ ]`SqbZ\H \h1Yd +m Z1 a/1W*bn b*V\y 31 ]\/*O `\V a]dbZSVd 3S4ZSH ˙*31 1aWS ,m d,1`1Zm , a,\1y ]`*O ,\b1E ,m Y\31b1 S4,SZSbnaq 4* b\E hb\ 4*/1WS hd,ab,* /`dO -\-\E SWS 4* b\E hb\ ,*jS /1yab,Sq ]`S,1WS V b*VSY ]\aW1/O ab,SqYD W\,* S4,SZ1ZSq Y\-db ab*bn /Wq ,*j1-\ ad]`d-* aW\,Z\ +*Wn4*Y Z* `*ZdD L S+W1yaVSy ]`SZgS]B dVS :B75DM \/dY*yb1 \ a,\1Y +`*V1D bZ1aSb1an V S4,SZ1ZSp Z1 V*V V WShZ\Yd ]\`*31ZSpE * V*V V ]\+1/1E V\b\`*q dV`1]Sb ,*j +`*VD `Sbh*f 5<B5= aV*4*Z\E hb\ b\bE Vb\ \+S3*1baqE wZ1]`Sabd]Z11 V`1]V\-\ -\`\/*xD V\-/* h1W\,1V 4*ZSY*O 1b b*Vdp \+\`\ZSb1WnZdp ]\4SgSpE ,\aab*Z\,Sbn YS` V`*yZ1 aW\3Z\E 1aWS ,\\+k1 ,\4Y\3Z\D \ 1aWS ,m S4,SO ZSb1anE ,m Z1 ]\4,\WSb1 \+S/1 ,ab*bn ab1Z\y Y13/d ,*YSD

1Y a*YmY ,m ]\V*31b1E hb\ +`*V /Wq ,*a ,*3Z11 WShZmf *Y+SgSyD L S+W1yaVSy ]`SZgS]B SWS]]Syg*Y 6B7DM 1 Y1/WSb1 a S4,SZ1ZSqYSD \ZqbZ\E hb\ S4,SZqbnaq Z1O W1-V\E V\-/* ,SZ\,*bm Z1 b\WnV\ ,mD \ \jS+VS ad]`d-* Z1 \]`*,/m,*pb ,*j1-\ ]W\f\-\ ]\,1/1ZSqD \ob\Yd Z1 Y1/WSb1 a S4,SZ1ZSqYS S Z1 /dY*yb1E hb\ ,`1Yq a*Y\ ,a1 Sa]`*,SbD ˚aWS ,m ]\]`\aSb1 ]`\k1ZSqE ,*j1Yd ad]`d-d +d/1b W1-h1 ]\abd]Sbn b*V 31D h1Y +\Wnj1 ,m d]`*3ZqO 1b1an , ob\Y +W*-\`\/Z\Y /1W1E b1Y Wdhj1 ob\ d ,*a +dO /1b ]\Wdh*bnaqD L S+W1yaVSy ]`SZgS]B *be1q 9B69DM dabn ,*j1 w]`\abSx +d/1b SaV`1ZZSYD +lqaZSbn a,\1 ]\,1/1ZS1 P Z1 4Z*hSb S4,SZSbnaqD 1Y +\W11 Z1WnO 4q Z*4,*bn S4,SZ1ZS1Y aW\,*E aV*4*ZZm1 a Z\bV\y a*`V*4O Y*B w `\abSE YZ1 3*WnE hb\ bm b*V \ab`\ Z* ob\ `1*-S`dO 1jnxD d3Z\ \b,1h*bn 4* a,\S /1yab,Sq S ]`S4Z*,*bnE hb\ \ZS Y\-WS ]`ShSZSbn +\Wn ,*j1Yd a]dbZSVd 3S4ZSE Z1O ,*3Z\E \+\aZ\,*ZZ* 1-\ \+S/* SWS Z1bD d/nb1 `1*WSabShZmD YS`1ZZ\ ]`S4Z*yb1E hb\ ,m 1k1 Z1 `*4 +d/1b1 \jS+*bnaqD b ob\-\ ZSVb\ Z1 4*ab`*f\,*ZI ˙*31 1aWS ,m ahSb*1b1E hb\ , ob\b `*4 ,m Z1 ,SZ\,*bmE ]`S4Z*yb1E hb\ ,*j* ,1`aSq b\-\E hb\ ]`\S4\jW\E aV\`11 ,a1-\E WSjn h*abn ,a1y V*`bSZmD w bq3+1 Vb\ ]1`,myE b\b S ]`*,EP -\,\`Sbaq , S+WSSEP ]\V* a\]1`ZSV Z1 ,abd]Sb , a]\`x L `SbhS 5<B5;E \,`1Y1ZZmy `daaVSy ]1`1,\/MD *Y +d/1b W1-h1 S4,SZSbnaqE 1aWS ,m +d/1b1 `1*WSabShZ\ aY\b`1bn Z* a1+q S Z* a,\S \jS+VSD ˛

( ˚ %˚ ˚• ˚ w \abd]*yb1 a Wp/nYS b*VE V*V f\bSb1E hb\+m \ZS ]\abd]*WS a ,*YSx L dVS :B75MD w \ aYS`1ZSp dY* ahSb*yb1 /`d-Sf ,mj1 a1+qx L SWS]]Syg*Y 6B7MD w mab`\ dW*3S,*y /1W*x L *be1q 9B69MD

˙˝˚• ˚ ˙ w˚aWS ad]`d-S Z*dhSWSan S4,SZqbnO aqE ]`\+W1Ym , +`*V1 Z1 +d/db V\]Sbnaq S a\4/*,*bn Z*]`q31O ZS1E Z\ +d/db V*4*bnaq WSjn Z1O +\WnjSYS V\hV*YS Z* /\`\-1D W\,* S4,SZ1ZSq /*pb ,*Y ,\4O Y\3Z\abn /\V*4*bnE hb\ ,m Wp+SO b1 /`d- /`d-*xD

• ˙˝ ) w 1Wn S4,SZ1ZSy P ,\aab*Z\,Sbn , a1Yn1 YS` S ah*abn1D \]`\a Z1 , b\YE Vb\ ]`*,E * Vb\ ,SZ\,*bD ˚aO WS ,*j1Yd ad]`d-d +\WnZ\E a/1O W*yb1 ,a1 ,\4Y\3Z\1E hb\+m 1Yd ab*W\ Wdhj1xD

`\+d/Sb1anI a1Zbq+`n 6>59

=

˚ % ˛ " ˚ ˙

˚ ˙

• +mW* 3S4Zn bmaqhS W1b Z*4*/H *VS1 b\-/* +mWS b`*/SgSSH `\qaZSbn V*`bSZd ]\Y\-*1b *`f1\W\-SqE Z\ \Z* Z1 Y\31b /*bn \b,1bm Z* ,a1 ,\]`\amD b\+m ]\Zqbn YmjW1ZS1 /`1,ZSf Wp/1yE Z1]W\f\ +mW\ +m SY1bn 4*]SaS h1W\,1V*E V\b\`my ,1W f`\ZSVd a\+mbSy a,\1-\ ,`1Y1ZSD b*VS1 4*]SaS 1abnD f \ab*,SW Sab\`SVE 3S,jSy \V\W\ 6 8>> W1b Z*4*/E , V ,1V1 /\ ZD oD ˛,*WS 1-\ 1`\/\bD Z +mW -`1V\YE * b`d/ 1-\ Z*4m,*1baq w ab\`SqxD

%˚ % ) SYaVSy ]Sa*b1Wn Sg1`\Z L5>:P 87 /\ ZD oDM Z*4,*W 1`\O /\b* \bg\Y Sab\`SSE ,\4Y\3Z\E ]\b\YdE hb\ 1-\ b`d/ +mW a*Y\y -`*Z/S\4Z\y ]\]mbV\y b\-\ ,`1O Y1ZS S4W\3Sbn a\+mbSq ]`\jO W\-\D ) /SZ a\,`1Y1ZZmy ]Sa*b1Wn Z*4,*W w ab\`Spx wj1/1,`\YE Z*/ V\b\`mY Z1 ,W*abZ\ ,`1O YqxE aV*4*,B w ob\Y b`d/1 Z*jW\an Y1ab\ Z1 b\WnV\ /Wq Sab\`SSE Z\ S /Wq *Zb`\]\W\-SSE -1\-`*eSSE b1\W\-SSE eSW\a\O eSSE ]\WSb\W\-SS S b`*-1/SSxD ) 1`\/\b 3SW , \/SZ S4 ]\,\O `\bZmf ]1`S\/\, YS`\,\y Sab\O `SS S ]\ob\Yd Y\- ]1`1/*bn ]\O b\YV*Y g1ZZm1 a,1/1ZSq \ `1O gSSE ˛*]*/Z\y 4SS S ˚-S]b1 b\-\ ,`1Y1ZSD

1`\/\b `1jSW ]\/`\+Z\ \]Sa*bn ]`ShSZm ,\yZE V\b\O `m1 ,1WS -`1VSE S \a\+1ZZ\ ]`ShSZm ,b\`31ZSy ]1`a\, , 8=> S 8<> -\/*f /\ ZD oD L]\aW1/Z11 ]`\S4\jW\E V\-/* 1`\/\b +mW 1k1 `1+1ZV\YMD a,\1Y b`d/1 \Z h*ab\ \bO abd]*W \b ob\y \aZ\,Z\y b1YmE /1b*WnZ\ \]Sam,*q ,a1E hb\ aY\- d4Z*bn \ Z*`\/*fE V\b\`m1 ]\ab`*/*WS \b ]1`O aS/aV\-\ ,b\`31ZSqD

&"˚ ˚ ) 1`\/\b +mW b*W*ZbWS,mY `*aaV*4hSV\YD Z ,1W \h1Zn ]\/`\+Zm1 4*]SaSE ]\/Y1h*q ,a1 /1b*WSE V\b\`m1E ]\ 1-\ YZ1ZSpE +mWS Z1\+f\/SYm /Wq 4*V\Zh1ZZ\abS ]\O ,1ab,\,*ZSqD `d/ 1`\/\b* ]`SY1h*b1W1Z b1YE hb\ ob\b Sab\`SV Z1 Y\- ]\Wn4\,*bnaq \eSgS*WnZmYS *`fS,ZmYS 4*]SaqYSE ]\aV\WnVd b*VSf 4*]Sa1y ]`*VbSh1aVS Z1 +mW\D /`1,Z\abS WSjn Z1YZ\-S1 +`*WSan 4* \]Sa*ZS1 SaO b\`SS P S b\ b\WnV\ /Wq b\-\E hb\+m d,1V\,1hSbn a,\S aW*,Zm1 ]\/,S-S Z* V*Y1ZZmf ]*YqbZSV*fD 1`\/\bd ]`Sf\/SW\an ]\W*-*bnaq Z* WShZm1 Z*+Wp/1ZSqE \+k1O ]`S4Z*ZZm1 4Z*ZSq b\-\ ,`1Y1ZS S a,S/1b1Wnab,* /`dO -Sf Wp/1yD b\+m a\+`*bn SZe\`Y*gSpE 1`\/\b YZ\-\ ]db1j1ab,\,*WD Z ,m`\a , -`1h1aV\y V\W\ZSS *WSV*`O Z*a La\,`1Y1ZZmy \/`dY , d`gSSM S \+l14/SW ]\hbS ,ap `1gSpD

b\+m a\+`*bn SZe\`Y*gSpE 1`\/\b YZ\-\ ]db1j1ab,\,*W

1`\/\b Z1 ]\+\qWaq \b]`*,Sbnaq Z* a1,1` P V 1`O Z\Yd Y\`p S , VSeSpE * b*V31 Z* p- *W1abSZm S , 1`fZSy Ëš-S]1bD * ,\ab\V1 \ZE ]\ ,a1y ,S/SY\abSE /\O abS- *,SW\Z*D *V ahSb*1baqE 1`\/\b \V\ZhSW a,\S /ZS Z* 4*]*/1E , -`1h1aV\y V\W\ZSS La1yh*a p3Z*q b*WSqMD /1 +m \Z ZS \V*4m,*WaqE \Z ,ap/d Z*+Wp/*WE a]`*jSO ,*W S b*VSY \+`*4\Y a\+S`*W a,1/1ZSq d b1fE Vb\E ]\ 1-\ YZ1ZSpE 4*aWd3S,*W /\,1`SqD

& Ëš Ë™ *aV\WnV\ b\hZm a,1/1ZSqE 4*]Sa*ZZm1 1`\/\b\YH *aaV*4m \ ab`*Z*fE V\b\`m1 \Z ]\a1bSWE S \ b\YE hb\ \Z ,S/1W a,\SYS -W*4*YSE Y\3Z\ ahSb*bn /\ab\,1`ZmO YSD Ëš-\ \]Sa*ZS1 Z1S4,1abZmf -`1V*Y b`*/SgSy P ]\f\O `\Z aVSeaVSf g*`1y S 1-S]1baVSf \+`q/\, YdYSeSgS`\O ,*ZSq P a\-W*ad1baq a *`f1\W\-Sh1aVSYS \bV`mbSqYSD hSb*1baqE hb\ \+SWS1 SZe\`Y*gSSE V\b\`dp \Z a\+`*W \ Ëš-S]b1E w]`1,\af\/Sb ]\ 4Z*hSY\abS ,a1E hb\ +mW\ Z*O ]Sa*Z\ , /`1,Z\abS \+ ob\y ab`*Z1xD /Z*V\ h*ab\ 1`\/\bd ]`Sf\/SW\an /\,\Wnab,\,*bnO aq a\YZSb1WnZmYS Sab\hZSV*YSD b1 ,`1Y1Z* Wp/S ,1`SWS ,\ ,Y1j*b1Wnab,\ +\-\, , 41YZm1 /1W*D \ob\O Yd Z1 ,a1 4*]Sa*ZZm1 SY a,1/1ZSq a\\b,1bab,dpb ab*ZO /*`b*YE V\b\`mYS `dV\,\/ab,dpbaq a\,`1Y1ZZm1 Sab\O `SVSD ,a1 31 1`\/\b ab*`*Waq \b/1Wqbn e*Vbm \b YSO e\,D Z h1abZ\ ]`S4Z*,*WaqE hb\ Z1 ,1`SW ,a1YdE \ h1Y 1Yd -\,\`SWSD Z /1W*W ,m,\/m WSjn ]\aW1 b\-\E V*V ]`\,\/SW bk*b1WnZmy *Z*WS4 S a`*,Z1ZS1 `*4Zmf SaO b\hZSV\,D w ab\`SqxE ]\ adbSE q,Wq1baq b`d/\Y ,a1y 3S4ZS 1O `\/\b*D hSbm,*qE hb\ d Z1-\ +mW \-`*ZSh1ZZmy /\abd] V SZe\`Y*gSSE ob\b b`d/ Y\3Z\ aY1W\ Z*4,*bn ,1WSh*yO jSY /\abS31ZS1Y /`1,Z\abSD Ë›

+ `*-Y1Zb w ab\`SSx Z* ]*]S`da1

1`/SVb 1`\/\bd w Z*ab\qk11 ,`1Yq d Z*a SY11bO aq /\ab*b\hZ\ /\V*4*b1Wnab, b\O -\E hb\ 1`\/\b 4*aWd3S,*1b /\O ,1`SqEP Z*]Sa*W S4,1abZmy SaO b\`SV `Z*Wn/\ \YSWnqZ\DP \ab\V\,1/m /\aV\Z*WnZ\ ]`\O ,1`SWS b`d/ 1`\/\b* a ]\Y\knp *`f1\W\-SS S a,1/1ZSy Z* q4mO V*fE V\b\`mf \Z Z1 ]\ZSY*WD ZS ]`SjWS V ,m,\/dE hb\ \Z ]`*,/SO ,\ \]Sa*W b\E hb\ ,S/1WE S h1abZ\ `*aaV*4*W \ b\YE hb\ aWmj*WD ËšaO WS \Z S \jS+*WaqE b*V ob\ S4O4* b\-\E hb\ +mW ,,1/1Z , 4*+Wd3/1O ZS1 SWS Z1]`*,SWnZ\ ]\ZSY*W b\E hb\ 1Yd -\,\`SWSE f\bq S +mW SaO V`1Z1Z , a,\Sf ,m,\/*fxD

Statue: Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, photograph by Carol M. Highsmith [LC-DIG-highsm-02111]; fragment: Courtesy of The Egypt Exploration Society and Imaging Papyri Project, Oxford

`\+d/Sb1anI a1Zbq+`n 6>59

55

% ห %

\14/V* , SV*`*-d* h*ab\ Z*4m,*pb V`*1Y \41` S ,dWO V*Z\,D \`/\abn ob\y ab`*Zm P \41`\ SV*`*-d*E a*Y\1 +\Wnj\1 , 1Zb`*WnZ\y Y1`SV1D 1abZm1 3SO b1WS Z*4m,*pb 1-\ \VS+\WV*E hb\ 4Z*hSb waW*/V\1 Y\O `1xD * Z1Y `*a]\W\31Z\ Z1aV\WnV\ a\b1Z \ab`\,\,E S ob\ 1/SZab,1ZZ\1 ]`1aZ\,\/Z\1 \41`\ a Y\`aV\y e*dO Z\yD *Y \+Sb*pb *VdWmE Y1hO`m+* S `m+* b*`]\ZD

ะพั ั ั ะพะฒ ะ ะผะตั ะตะฟะต ะพะทะตั ะพ ะ ะธะบะฐั ะฐะณั ะฐ

ะ ะพั ะบะธั ะพะฒั ะน ะฑะต ั ะตะณ

SV*`*-d* b*V31 Z*f\/Sbaq \/Z\ S4 a*Ymf /1,ab,1ZZmf Y1ab , 1Zb`*WnZ\y Y1`SV1 P \aVSO b\,my +1`1-D 'b\ ]\W\a* 41YWS jS`SZ\y :9 VSW\Y1bO `\,E V\b\`*q bqZ1baq ,/\Wn +\Wnj1y h*abS ,\ab\hZ\-\ ]\+1`13nq SV*`*-d* S a\a1/Z1-\ \Z/d`*a*D SaVSO b\ LSWS Y\aVSb\M P \/SZ S4 V\`1ZZmf Z*`\/\, SV*O `*-d*C 1-\ Sab\`Sq Z*h*W*an 4*/\W-\ /\ ]`S+mbSq bd/* 1,`\]1yg1, , XVI ,1V1D *`\/ YSaVSb\ S4,1ab1Z V`1]VSYS a\gS*WnZmYS a,q4qYS S dZSV*WnZmYS b`*/SgSqYSD *]`SY1`E , q4mV1 YSaVSb\ Z1b b*VSf e\`Y \+`*k1ZSqE V*V w-\aO ]\/SZx S w-\a]\3*xD /1`1,Zqf Y\W\/13n Z*4m,*O 1b ab*`jSf w/q/qx SWS wb1bqxE /*31 1aWS \ZS Z1 `\/ab,1ZZSVSD ห 1ZkSZm ob\-\ Z*`\/* aW1/dpb /`1,O

b`\1ZSq V\W\ZS*WnZ\-\ ]1`S\/*

1abZm1 3Sb1WS *Vd*Zf\h1 Le`*Z3S]*ZSM P Z*gS\Z*WnZmy g,1b\V SV*`*-d*

Z1Yd \+mh*p P , 4Z*V ]`S,1bab,Sq +WS4VS1 ]\/`d-S S `\/ab,1ZZSgm ]`SV*a*pbaq /`d- V /`d-d k1V*YSD ˛*O b1Y 31ZkSZ*E V\b\`*q ]\4/\`\,*W*an ]1`,\yE ,bq-SO ,*1b Z\a\Y ,\4/dfD ˛

˚ ˚ ˙ ˚ ) *a1W1ZS1B : 5;: >>> \ad/*`ab,1ZZmy q4mVB Sa]*ZaVSyD *,b\Z\YZmf \+W*abqf b*VSY 31 ab*bda\Y \+W*/*pb q4mVS YSaVSb\E Y*qZ-Z*E `*Y* S *Z-WSyaVSy V`1\WnaVSy

˚ & ˚ ˛ ) b,1bnb1E ,1`Zm SWS Z1,1`Zm aW1/dpkS1 ,maV*4m,*ZSq \ SV*`*-d*B

\`Y* ]`*,W1ZSqB `1a]d+WSV*

D *4,*ZS1 ob\y ab`*Zm ]`\Saf\/Sb \b SY1ZS SZ/1yaV\-\ ,\3/q SV*`*\E 3S,j1-\ Z1aV\WnV\ ,1V\, Z*4*/D

b\WSg*B *Z*-d*

D SV*`*-d* P 1/SZab,1ZZ*q ab`*Z* , *bSZaV\y Y1`SV1E V\b\`*q +mW* S Sa]*ZaV\yE S +`Sb*ZaV\y V\W\ZS1yD

WSY*bB , \aZ\,Z\Y b`\]Sh1aVSyC , -\`*f +\W11 ]`\fW*/Zmy

D ]`\j1/jS1 ab\W1bSq -\`\/* Z* ]\+1`13n1 \41`* SV*O `*-d* -`*+SWS ]S`*bmE ]`\YmjWq,jS1 , *`S+aV\Y Y\`1D

*Z/j*ebB ]`S+`13Zm1 `*,ZSZmC ,\ ,Zdb`1ZZSf `*y\Z*f P -\`m

D SV*`*-d* P a*Y*q `1/V\ 4*a1W1ZZ*q ab`*Z* 1Zb`*WnZ\y Y1`SVSD b,1bmB ,a1 ,maV*4m,*ZSq ,1`ZmD

%

W*,Z*q /\ab\]`SY1h*b1WnZ\abn \41`* SV*`*-d* P \ab`\, Y1b1]1D Z \+`*4\,*Z /,dYq +\WnjSYS V\Zda\\+`*4ZmYS ,dWV*Z*YSE a\1/SZ1ZZmYS ]1`1j1yV\Y

S+W1yaVS1 ]d+WSV*gSS Z* q4mV*f Y*qZ-Z* S YSaVSb\E S4/*ZZm1 ,S/1b1WqYS 1-\,m

( `\+d/Sb1anI a1Zbq+`n 6>59

57

˛ ˚ ) ˚˙ &

Ëš Ë™ & 1aY\b`q Z* ,a1 ]`1/]`SZSY*1Ym1 daSWSqE YSWWS\Zm Wp/1y ,\ ,a1Y YS`1 3S,db 4* h1`b\y +1/Z\abSD

*V +1/ZmY ab*bn ah*abWS,mYSH ) (Ë™ Z\-S1 a,q4m,*pb

ah*abn1 a Y*b1`S*WnZmY /\ab*bV\Y S S4Y1`qpb da]1f V\WSh1ab,\Y /1Z1-D 1 SY1q ,\4Y\3Z\abS ]\WdhSbn oW1Y1ZO b*`Z\1 \+`*4\,*ZS1E V*h1ab,1ZZ\1 Y1/SO gSZaV\1 \+aWd3S,*ZS1 S /`d-S1 +W*-*E +1/Zm1 ab*Z\,qbaq 4*W\3ZSV*YS a,\1-\ ]\W\31ZSq +14 j*Za\, Z* ah*abWS,dp S /\ab\yZdp 3S4ZnD ) S+WSq dhSbE hb\ SabSZO

Z\1 ah*abn1 4*,SaSb Z1 \b /\ab*bV* h1W\O ,1V*E * \b 1-\ /df\,Z\-\ +W*-\]\WdhSq P 1-\ \bZ\j1ZSy a \4/*b1W1YD S+WSS aV*4*Z\B w h*abWS,m \a\4Z*pkS1 a,\S /df\,Zm1 ]\b`1+Z\abSx L *be1q 9B7MD 1O 4*,SaSY\ \b a,\1-\ eSZ*Za\,\-\ ]\W\31O ZSqE b1E Vb\ \a\4Z*pb a,\S /df\,Zm1 ]\O b`1+Z\abSE ab*`*pbaq ]\Zqbn b\hVd 4`1ZSq \-*D 'b\ ]\+d3/*1b Sf d4Z*,*bn +S+W1yO aVS1 SabSZmE V\b\`m1 ]`SZ\aqb Z*ab\qO k11 db1j1ZS1 S /dj1,Zmy ]\V\yD Y1ZZ\ , ob\Y 4*VWph*1baq a1V`1b SabSZZ\-\ ah*O abnqD

1E Vb\ 3S,db 4* h1`b\y +1/Z\abSE Z\ ]`S ob\Y ]\ZSY*pb S ]`SY1Zqpb Z*O ab*,W1ZS1 S4 S+WSSE Y\-db Wdhj1 a]`*,O Wqbnaq a\ a,\SYS Z1]`\abmYS \+ab\qb1WnO ab,*YSD *]`SY1`E S+WSq ]`1/\ab1`1-*O 1b \b ,`1/Zmf ]`S,mh1VE b*VSf V*V Vd`1ZS1 S ]nqZab,\D * ]\/\+Zm1 ]`Sab`*abSq df\O /Sb YZ\-\ /1Z1-C V`\Y1 b\-\E \ZS Y\-db ]`S,1abS V b\YdE hb\ h1W\,1Vd ]\Z*/\+SbO

r

aq /\`\-\ab\qk11 W1h1ZS1 L `SbhS 6>B5C 6 \`SZeqZ*Y ;B5MD S+WSq b*V31 ]\V*4m,*1bE Z*aV\WnV\ \]*aZm 3*/Z\abn S Y*b1`S*WS4Y L *`V* 8B5=C 'e1aqZ*Y 9B7MD Ëš1 a\,1bm Y\-db d+1O `1hn h1W\,1V* \b *4*`bZmf S-` S wWp+,S V /1Zn-*YxE V\b\`*q Z*4,*Z* wV\`Z1Y ,a1O -\ 4W\-\x L5 SY\e1p :B5>MD S+WSq ]`1/dO ]`13/*1bB wË™*31 ]`S S4\+SWSS ,a1-\ 3S4Zn h1W\,1V* Z1 4*,SaSb \b b\-\E hb\ \Z SY11bx L dVS 56B59MD `\k1 -\,\`qE 3S4Zn Z1 Vd]Sjn ZS 4* V*VS1 /1Zn-SD /`d-\y ab\`\ZmE ]\abd]*q , a\-W*aSS a +S+W1yO aV\y Yd/`\abnpE Ym Z*]\WZSY a,\p 3S4Zn aYmaW\Y S SabSZZmY ah*abn1YD \bq +1/ZmY Z1]`\ab\ /\ab*1baq 1/*E \/13/* S 3SWn1E \ZS Y\-db +mbn \h1Zn /*31 ah*abWS,mE ,1/n VWph V ah*O abnp P +mbn /\,\WnZmY b1YE hb\ SY1O 1jnE ab*`*bnaq d-\3/*bn a,\1Yd \4/*b1O Wp S 3Sbn , a\-W*aSS a 1-\ ,\W1yD *VS1 Wp/S d+1/SWSan , SabSZZ\abS +S+W1yaV\-\ \+1k*ZSqB w W*-\aW\,1ZS1 1-\,m P \Z\ \+\-*k*1bE S \Z Z1 /\+*,Wq1b V Z1Yd +\O WSx L `SbhS 5>B66MD

( ˚ • ˚ ˛ B

w h*abWS,m \a\4Z*pkS1 a,\S /df\,Zm1 ]\b`1+Z\abSx L *be1q 9B7MD

b,1bm Z* /`d-S1 +S+W1yaVS1 ,\]`\am Y\3Z\ Z*ybS Z* a*yb1 jw.org

`S/1b WS V\-/*OZS+d/n V\Z1g +1/Z\abSH ) \bq ,a1 ]\]mbVS WpO /1y ]\+\`\bn +1/Z\abn ]\b1`]1WS Z1d/*hdE , Z*4Z*h1ZZ\1 ,`1Yq \- dab`*ZSb a*Yd ]`ShSZd ob\y ]`\+W1Ym P aVW\ZZ\abn o-\O SabShZmf Wp/1yE , b\Y hSaW1 ]`*,Sb1W1yE /dY*bn WSjn \ a,\1y ,m-\/1 L'VVW14S*ab <B=MD *j \4/*b1Wn dab`*ZSb h1W\,1h1O aVS1 ]`*,Sb1Wnab,*E V\b\`m1 `dV\,\/ab,dO pbaq SaVWphSb1WnZ\ a,\SYS SZb1`1a*YSD ˚-\ *`ab,\E SWS Z1+1aZ\1 ]`*,Sb1Wnab,\E ]`\q,Sb k1/`\abn V\ ,a1Y 3Sb1WqY 41YO WS S ]\4*+\bSbaq \+ Sf Zd3/*fD S+WSq \+1k*1bE hb\ *`n \3n1-\ *`ab,* \bZ1O a1baq V +1/ZmY a a\hd,ab,S1YB w Z S4+*O ,Sb +1/Z\-\E ,4m,*pk1-\ \ ]\Y\kSDDD Z ]\3*W11b ZSk1-\ S +1/Z\-\ S /djS +1/Zmf a]*a1bx L a*W\Y ;6B56P58MD

˛1YWq ab*Z1b Z*ab\qkSY `*1YE , V\O b\`\Y d V*3/\-\ +d/1b 3SWn1 S /\ab*b\hO Z\ ]SkSEP \b +1/Z\abS Z1 \ab*Z1baq S aW1O /*D +S+W1yaV\y VZS-1 a*SS \- \+1k*O 1bB w p/S +d/db ab`\Sbn /\Y* S 3Sbn , ZSfE

+d/db `*4,\/Sbn ,SZ\-`*/ZSVS S 1abn Sf ]W\/mD DDD DDD \S S4+`*ZZm1 +d/db , ]\WO Z\y Y1`1 ]\Wn4\,*bnaq /1W\Y a,\Sf `dVx L a*Sq :9B65E 66MD p/S ZSV\-/* +\Wnj1 Z1 +d/db ,W*hSbn ZSk1ZaV\1 adk1ab,\,*O ZS1E \ZS +d/db Z*aW*3/*bnaq w]S`\Y S4 +Wp/E \+SWnZ\ ]`S]`*,W1ZZmf Y*aW\Yx S /`d-SYS k1/`mYS /*`*YS \b 1-\,m L a*Sq 69B:MD ˚ ' ˝ H *4YmjWqq \ \3n1Y

\+1k*ZSS Z*,a1-/* ]\V\ZhSbn a +1/Z\O abnpE b1E Vb\ 3S,db , ab1aZ1ZZmf \+ab\qO b1Wnab,*fE Y\-db \+`1abS d,1`1ZZ\abnE hb\ \ZS Z1+14`*4WShZm \-d S hb\ Sf S4+*,W1O ZS1 +WS4V\D 'b* Z*/13/* ]`S/*1b aSW ,mO 3Sbn , bq31Wmf \+ab\qb1Wnab,*fD ˛

( ˚ • ˚ ˛ B

w Z S4+*,Sb +1/Z\-\E ,4m,*pk1-\ \ ]\Y\kSDDD Z ]\3*W11b ZSk1-\ S +1/Z\-\ S /djS +1/Zmf a]*a1bx L a*W\Y ;6B56E 57MD

`\+d/Sb1anI a1Zbq+`n 6>59

59

• & ˛ % ˚ H

SV`\\`-*ZS4YmE V\b\`m1 `*ak1]Wqpb Z1ebn

1a]W*bZ\ aV*h*yb1 ob\b S ]`1/m/dkS1 ,m]daVS

p

1 Ëšk1 aWSjV\Y `*Z\ ad/Sbn \ b\YE V*VS1 \b/*W1ZZm1 ]\O aW1/ab,Sq +d/1b SY1bn *,*`Sq , 1VaSV*ZaV\Y 4*WS,1 /Wq oV\aSab1Y \V1*Z*D

Sb*yb1 S+WSp \ZW*yZ +\W11 h1Y Z* 5>> q4mV*f

Ë›*y/Sb1 Z* a*yb www.jw.org/ru SWS \baV*ZS`dyb1 V\/

g15 09-U 150605

Oil slick: Christopher Berkey/EPA/Newscom; microorganism: 5 2010 Dennis Kunkel Microscopy, Inc.

s

n o

6>5> ˙ , `14dWnb*b1 ,4`m,* Z1ebqZ\y ]W*be\`Ym , 1VaSV*ZaVSy 4*WS, +mW\ ,mO +`\j1Z\ ]\hbS 9 YSWWS\Z\, +*``1W1y L<>> YSWO WS\Z\, WSb`\,M am`\y Z1ebSD \ a]dabq ,a1-\ ‚ Z1aV\WnV\ Y1aqg1, +\Wnj*q h*abn Z1ebqZmf 4*O -`q4Z1ZSy Sah14W*D *VSY \+`*4\YH +`*bSb1 ,ZSY*ZS1D f\/1 SaaW1/\,*ZSy dh1Zm1 \+Z*`d3SWS V\W\ZSp Y\`aVSf +*Vb1`SyE V\b\`m1 Y\-db `*ak1]Wqbn /WSZZ\g1]\h1hZm1 Y\W1VdWm d-W1`\/*E a\/1`3*kS1aq , Z1ebSD `\e1aa\` 1``S 1y41ZE oV\W\-OYSV`\+S\W\-E Z*4,*W obS +*Vb1`SS wZ*g1W1ZZmYS Z* Z1ebn b\`]1/*YSxD bh*abS +W*-\/*`q SY1ZZ\ obSY YSV`\\`-*ZS4Y*Y ]`\S4\jW\ \hSk1ZS1 1VaSO V*ZaV\-\ 4*WS,*E \ V\b\`\Y -\,\`SW\an ,mj1D w \ S/11E Z*a Z1 /\W3Z\ d/S,WqbnE hb\ , Y\O `qf 1abn +*Vb1`SSE ]Sb*pkS1aq Z1ebnpxEP -\O ,\`Sbaq , a\\+k1ZSS SO+SOaSD 1/n w1ab1abO ,1ZZm1 db1hVS Z1ebS h1`14 b`1kSZm Z* /Z1 \V1O *Z* ]`\Saf\/qbx d31 Z1 \/SZ YSWWS\Z W1bD

\Z1hZ\E Wp/S Z1Y*W\ ]`1da]1WS , dab`*O Z1ZSS Z1ebqZmf `*4WS,\,D /Z*V\ /*31 a*Ym1 ]\aW1/ZS1 /\abS31ZSq , ob\y \+W*abS ]`SZ\O aqb +\Wnj1 ,`1/*E h1Y ]\Wn4mD SYSh1aVS1 /Sa]1`-*b\`m 4*Y1/Wqpb ]`S`\/Zm1 ]`\g1aamE a]\a\+ab,dpkS1 `*ak1]W1ZSp Z1ebSD `\Y1 b\-\E b*VS1 fSYSV*bm b\VaShZm S -d+Sb1WnZm /Wq \V`d3*pk1y a`1/mD \ a]\a\+Z\abn ]`S`\/m +\`\bnaq a Z1ebqZmYS 4*-`q4Z1ZSqYS P , b\Y hSaW1 a ]\Y\knp Z1eb1]\-W\k*pkSf +*Vb1O `Sy P ]\4,\Wq1b \V1*Zd 4*]dabSbn ]`\g1aam a*O Y\\hSk1ZSq +14 -d+Sb1WnZmf ]\+\hZmf oee1VO b\,E V\b\`m1 /*pb SaVdaab,1ZZm1 Y1b\/m1D b\ ,m /dY*1b1H \q,SW*an WS a]\a\+Z\abn Y\`aVSf \`-*ZS4Y\, V ]\-W\k1ZSp Z1ebS , `1O 4dWnb*b1 aW1]\-\ aWdh*qH WS 31 \Z* a,S/1b1WnO ab,d1b \ Yd/`\abS ,\`g*H Ë›

Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.