www.Examville.com Online practice tests, live classes, tutoring, study guides Q&A, premium content and more.
Human Anatomy The Scientific study of the Human Body
History of Anatomy • • • •
500 B.C. formal study in Egypt Earliest description done in papyrus 3000 and 2500B.C. Hippocrates, early taught in Greece(460-377 B.C.) Aristotle, first to use anatome ( 384-322BC), cutting or taking apart or “Dissecare”
• Versalius,1543. “De Humani Corporis Fabrica”masterpiece
History……. • Hieronymus Fabricius, 1537-1619. constructed the Anatomical theater in Padua. discovered the valves in the veins
• William Harvey, discovered blood circulation, 1628. Exercitatio anatomica De Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus.
• 17th Century, human dissection became important feature in European medical schools.
• 18th and 19th century anatomist published treaties for standard medical study of human body. Body snatchers.
• 1832, Britain parliament passed the Anatomy Act, legalizing medical schools to accept cadaver donations for anatomical studies.
Approaches to the study of Anatomy • Regional anatomy – topographical study by regions. Surface anatomy, P.E. • Systemic anatomy – studying by systems, e.g. circulatory or reproductive, skeletal, integumentary, arterial, muscular, nervous, circulatory, digestive, respiratory, urinary, endocrine systems. • Clinical anatomy – with clinical correlation, emphasis by structure and function
Anatomical positions • Anatomical position • Anatomical planes: > Median plane > Sagittal plane > Coronal plane > Horizontal plane ( transverse) • Sections > Longitudinal > Transverse > Oblique
Terms of Relationship • • • •
Superficial, intermediate, deep Medial, lateral Posterior, dorsal, anterior,ventral Inferior, caudal > inferomedial > superolateral • Proximal, distal • Dorsum
Terms of laterality/ Movement • • • • • • • • • • •
Ipsilateral Unilateral Bilateral Contralateral Flexion, dorsiflexion, plantarflexion Extension, hyperextension, Abduction, adduction, circumduction Opposition, protrusion Elevation, Depression Eversion, Inversion Pronation, Supination.
Skin and fascia •
Characteristics and function: > biggest organ > Protection > Heat regulation > Sensation – afferent nerves for pain, touch and temp. Layers: • Epidermis • Dermis
•
Hair follicles Arrector muscles Sebaceous glands Sweat glands
Tension lines – Langer lines ( collagen & elastic fibers)
Skin and fascia……. • Subcutaneous tissue – with loose fatty tss. Acting as thermo-regulators, as well as protection from bony prominencies • Skin ligaments • Deep fascia
It’s FREE to join. http://www.examville.com