C.A.L.L eBrochure

Wales Dementia Helpline Freephone: 0808 808 2235 Web: www.dementiahelpline.org.uk Community Advice and Listening Line Mental Health Helpline for Wales Freephone: 0800 132 737 Or text ‘help’ to: 81066 Web: www.callhelpline.org.uk DAN 24/7 - Drug and Alcohol Helpline Freephone: 0808 808 2234 Web: www.dan247.org.uk

Offering a confidential listening and support service

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History C.A.L.L. was launched in April 1995 to cover the former County of Clwyd. The service was funded

by Clwyd Health Authority as a two-year pilot project. The service developed from very limited opening hours to 365 days a year, based on the needs expressed by service users.

Service users in North West Wales had been requesting the same type of helpline. When the Health Authorities of Clwyd & Gwynedd merged to form North Wales Health Authority a decision was taken to extend the catchment area to cover the whole of North Wales. A year or so later the service was commissioned by Powys Healthcare NHS Trust to provide the helpline service throughout their area.

The service provided by CALL falls into two parts. Initially the caller is offered emotional support through listening and allowing them to express their feelings regarding any crisis or situation.

We also provide an information service whereby from the database we can provide contacts for agencies, both statutory and voluntary, local to the caller. Free literature is also provided on a range of symptoms, mental health problems and the services provided by particular agencies.

Hanes Cafodd C.A.L.L. ei lansio ym mis Ebrill 1995 i wasanaethu hen Sir Clwyd. Roedd Awdurdod Iechyd Clwyd yn ariannu’r gwasanaeth fel prosiect peilot dwy flynedd. Datblygodd o wasanaeth ag oriau agor cyfyngedig iawn i un 365 diwrnod y flwyddyn, ar sail yr anghenion mae defnyddwyr y gwasanaeth wedi’u mynegi.

Roedd defnyddwyr gwasanaeth yng Ngogledd Orllewin Cymru wedi bod yn gofyn am yr un fath o linell gymorth. Pan unodd Awdurdodau Iechyd Clwyd a Gwynedd i ffurfio Awdurdod Iechyd Gogledd Cymru penderfynwyd ymestyn y dalgylch i gwmpasu Gogledd Cymru i gyd. Rhyw flwyddyn yn ddiweddarach cafodd y gwasanaeth ei gomisiynu gan Ymddiriedolaeth Gofal Iechyd GIG Powys i ddarparu’r gwasanaeth llinell gymorth yn ei hardal drwyddi draw.

Mae dwy ran i’r gwasanaeth mae CALL yn ei ddarparu. I ddechrau bydd y galwr yn cael cynnig cymorth emosiynol trwy wrando a chaniatáu iddo/iddi fynegi ei deimladau/theimladau mewn perthynas ag unrhyw argyfwng neu sefyllfa. Rydym hefyd yn darparu gwasanaeth gwybodaeth lle gallwn ddefnyddio’r gronfa ddata i ddarparu manylion cysylltu ar gyfer asiantaethau, statudol a gwirfoddol, sy’n lleol i’r galwr. Hefyd mae llenyddiaeth am ddim yn cael ei darparu am amrywiaeth o symptomau, problemau iechyd meddwl a’r gwasanaethau bydd asiantaethau penodol yn eu darparu.

What is C.A.L.L.?

Who can C.A.L.L. Help

C.A.L.L. provides a 24 h ou r Wales wide mental health telephone helpline service.

- Those suffering mental distress People suffering from any type of abuse as well as their friends, carers and relatives.

The helpline offers emotional support to people suffering mental distress as well as their friends, carers and relatives.

Parents who may have concerns that their child may be suicidal or has made a suicide attempt.

Parents have who lost a child through suicide.

Contact can also be made via the text service and information on services can also be found on the website

Anyone concerned that a vulnerable adult may have suffered abuse in the past or is currently being abused. Suffers of any type of abuse, can make contact for support or information.

www.callhelpline.org.uk How can C.A.L.L. help?

Sometimes you may just need someone to talk to.

It can help to discuss your fears and feelings with someone who understands, but is not emotionally involved.

Opening hours 24 hours a day 7 days a week 365 days a year

We have a comprehensive database of services, both statutory and voluntary, which may be able to help.

Services can be local to you or national contacts, if needed.

We can also send self help leaflets to you, free of charge. Calls are free and you do not need to give any personal details to obtain help or information.

(including bank holidays) all calls are free and confidential.

Beth ydi C.A.L.L.

Pwy mae C.A.L.L. yn gallu eu helpu?

Mae C.A.L.L. yn darparu gwasanaeth llinell gymorth iechyd meddwl 24 awr ar gyfer Cymru gyfan.

Members of the Telephone Helpline Association Y rheiny sy'n dioddef trallod meddwl.

A service hosted by Rhieni sydd 창 phryderon y gallai eu plentyn fod Mae'r llinell gymorth yn cynnig cefnogaeth emosiynol Betsii Cadwaladr University Health Board ceisio lladd ei hun. text yn hunanladdol neu wedi i bobl sy'n dioddef trallod meddwl yn ogystal 창'u with financial support from Rhieni sydd wedi colli plentyn trwy hunanladdiad.

H ELP to ffrindiau, gofalwyr a pherthnasau. the Welsh Government

Gallwch hefyd gysylltu trwy'r gwasanaeth neges destun ac mae gwybodaeth a wasanaethau ar gael ar y wefan hefyd.

www.callhelpline.org.uk

81066

Unrhyw un sy'n pryderu bod posibilrwydd bod oedolyn sy'n agored i niwed wedi cael ei gam-drin/cham-drin yn y gorffennol neu'n cael ei gam-drin/cham-drin ar hyn o bryd. Gall dioddefwyr unrhyw fath o gamdriniaeth gysylltu i gael cefnogaeth neu wybodaeth.

Sut mae C.A.L.L. yn gallu helpu?

Weithiau mae angen siarad 창 rhywun arnoch. Gall helpu i drafod eich ofnau a'ch teimladau 창 rhywun sy'n deall, ond heb gysylltiad emosiynol.

Mae gennym gronfa ddata gynhwysfawr o wasanaethau, rhai statudol a gwirfoddol, ac efallai y byddan nhw'n gallu helpu. Gall gwasanaethau fod yn lleol i chi neu'n gysylltiadau angen.

Gallwn hefyd anfon taflenni hunan gymorth atoch, yn rhad ac am ddim. Mae galwadau'n rhad ac am ddim ac nid oes angen i chi roi unrhyw fanylion personol i gael help neu wybodaeth.

Aelodau o'r Telephone Helpline Association

tecstiw ch HELP 81066

Gwasanaeth a gynhaliwyd gan wrdd Iechyd Prifysgol Betsi Cadwaladr gyda chefnogaeth ariannol gan Lywodraeth Cymru

Wales Drug and Alcohol Helpline 0808 808 2234 Text DAN & your question to 81066 A free and bilingual telephone helpline providing a single point of contact for anyone in Wales wanting further information or help relating to drugs and or alcohol.

The helpline will assist individuals, their families, carers, and support workers within the drug and alcohol field to access appropriate local and regional services.

Calls from public telephone boxes are free of charge: calls from a mobile phone may incur a charge from your network. Dan 24/7 telephone number will NOT appear on your home itemised bill.

Llinell Gymorth Cyffuriau ac Alcohol Cymru 0808 808 2234 Tecstiwch DAN a’ch cwestiwn i 81066 Llinell gymorth ddwyieithog, sydd hefyd yn rhad ac am ddim, sy’n darparu un pwynt cyswllt i unrhyw un yng Nghymru sy’n dymuno cael gwybodaeth ychwanegol neu help mewn perthynas â chyffuriau neu alcohol.

Bydd y llinell gymorth yn cynorthwyo unigolion, eu teuluoedd, gofalwyr a gweithwyr cymorth ym maes cyffuriau ac alcohol i fanteisio ar wasanaethau lleol a rhanbarthol priodol.

Gallwch ffonio o focs ffôn cyhoeddus am ddim: efallai y bydd eich rhwydwaith yn codi ffi am alwadau o ffôn symudol. NI FYDD rhif ffôn DAN24/7 yn ymddangos ar fil wedi eitemeiddio eich cartref.

www.dan247.org.uk

Llinell gymorth dwyieithog am ddim Llinell gymorth ddwyieithog, sydd hefyd yn rhad ac am ddim, sy’n darparu un pwynt cyswllt i unrhyw un yng Nghymru sy’n dymuno cael gwybodaeth ychwanegol neu help mewn perthynas â chyffuriau neu alcohol.

Bydd y llinell gymorth yn cynorthwyo unigolion, eu teuluoedd, gofalwyr a gweithwyr cymorth ym maes cyffuriau ac alcohol i fanteisio ar wasanaethau lleol a rhanbarthol priodol.

Ymhlith y gwasanaethau sydd ar gael mae:

Free bilingual helpline A free and bilingual telephone helpline providing a single point of contact for anyone in Wales wanting further information or help relating to drugs and or alcohol.

The helpline will assist individuals, their families, carers, and support workers within the drug and alcohol field to access appropriate local and regional services.

Services available includes:

• Asesiad cyntaf i bennu anghenion unigolyn • Atgyfeiriad i wasanaethau cyffuriau ac alcohol lleol a rhanbarthol • Gwybodaeth am gyffuriau ac alcohol a’u heffeithiau • Gwybodaeth a manylion cysylltu ar gyfer meddygon teulu lleol, cyfnewidfeydd nodwyddau, deintyddion a gwasanaethau iechyd eraill cysylltiedig • Gwybodaeth am linellau cymorth eraill addas • Amrywiaeth eang o ymyriadau gan gynnwys cyfweld ysgogiadol, lleihau niwed a rheoli gorddos • Initial assessment to establish an individual’s needs • Referral to local and regional drug and alcohol services • Information on drug and alcohol and their effects • Information and contact details for local GPs, needle exchanges, dentists, and other associated health services • Information on other suitable helplines • A wide range of brief interventions including motivational interviewing, harm reduction and overdose management

Dan24/7 is a free and confidential helpline. Calls from public telephone boxes are free of charge: calls from a mobile phone may incur a charge from your network. Dan 24/7 telephone number will NOT appear on your home itemised bill.

Llinell gymorth rhad ac am ddim a chyfrinachol ydi Dan24/7. Gallwch ffonio o focs ffôn cyhoeddus am ddim: efallai y bydd eich rhwydwaith yn codi ffi am alwadau o ffôn symudol. NI FYDD rhif ffôn DAN24/7 yn ymddangos ar fil wedi eitemeiddio eich cartref

Wales Dementia Helpline

Supporting people with dementia and their carers Freephone 0808 808 2235 Support, information and agency signposting for anyone diagnosed with dementia or caring for a family member or friend living with dementia.

Free from landlines and most mobiles or Text the word Help and your question to 81066

24 awr y dydd 7 diwrnod yr wythnos 365 diwrnod y flwyddyn

What is the Wales Dementia Helpline?

Beth yw Llinell Gymorth Dementia Cymru?

24 hours a day 7 days a week 365 days a year

The helpline offers emotional support to anyone, of any age, who is caring for someone with dementia as well as other family members or friends. The service will also help and support those who have been diagnosed with dementia.

Mae’r llinell gymorth yn cynnig cefnogaeth emosiynol i unrhyw un, o unrhyw oed, sy’n gofalu am rywun gyda dementia yn ogystal ag aelodau eraill o’r teulu neu gyfeillion. Bydd y gwasanaeth hefyd yn helpu a chefnogi’r rhai sydd wedi derbyn diagnosis o dementia.

How can the Wales Dementia Helpline help you?

Sometimes you may just need someone to talk to. It can help to discuss your fears and feelings with someone who understands, but is not emotionally involved.

We have a comprehensive database of services, both statutory and voluntary, which may be able to help. Services can be local to you or national contacts, if needed.

We can also send self-help and agency leaflets to you, completely free of charge.

Calls are free and you do not need to give any personal details to obtain help or information.

Sut gall Llinell Gymorth Dementia Cymru eich helpu?

Weithiau byddwch angen clust i wrando’n unig.

Gall trafod eich ofnau a theimladau gyda rhywun sy’n deall, ond ddim yn gysylltiedig yn emosiynol fod o gymorth.

Mae gennym gronfa ddata gynhwysfawr o wasanaethau, statudol a gwirfoddol, a all helpu.

Gall y gwasanaethau fod yn lleol i chi neu gysylltiadau cenedlaethol, os bydd angen.

Gallwn hefyd anfon taflenni hunangymorth ac asiantaethau atoch, yn rhad ac am ddim.

Mae galwadau am ddim ac nid oes raid i chi roi unrhyw wybodaeth bersonol i dderbyn cymorth a gwybodaeth.

How to contact the Helpline Ring us anytime, day or night, on the freephone number. We are open 24 hours a day.

Text us by sending the word help and your message to 81066 Search for agencies, in your local area or national contacts, on our website www.dementiahelpline.org.uk

Opening hours 24 hours a day 7 days a week 365 days a year (including bank holidays).

Sut i gysylltu â’r Llinell Gymorth Ffoniwch ni unrhyw amser, dydd neu nos ar y rhif rhadffôn. Rydym ar agor 24 awr y dydd.

Anfonwch neges destun drwy anfon y gair help a’ch neges i 81066.

Chwiliwch am asiantaethau, yn eich ardal leol neu gysylltiadau cenedlaethol, ar ein gwefan www.dementiahelpline.org.uk

Oriau agor 24 awr y dydd 7 diwrnod yr wythnos 365 diwrnod y flwyddyn (gan gynnwys gwyliau banc).

A service hosted by the Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board with financial support from the Welsh Government Gwasanaeth a letyir gan Fwrdd Iechyd Prifysgol Betsi Cadwaladr gyda chefnogaeth ariannol gan Lywodraeth Cymru

What Is Dementia?

Dementia is not a single illness but a group of symptoms caused by damage to the brain.

It is more common in people over 65 but dementia can also affect younger people.

The symptoms of dementia can include loss of memory, confusion and difficulties with thinking things through, problem-solving and language.

Sometimes people are affected by changes in mood or behaviour which is out of character.

Who is Affected?

Dementia is caused by a number of different diseases of the brain the most common being Alzheimer’s disease.

• Dementia affects over 850,000 people in the UK

Vascular dementia is the second most common type. Conditions such as high blood pressure, heart problems, high cholesterol and diabetes can all increase the chances of developing vascular dementia. It is important these conditions are identified at the earliest opportunity as there may be treatment and support available.

The term ‘dementia’ is used to describe the symptoms that occur when the brain is affected by specific diseases and conditions including Alzheimer’s disease, stroke and many other rarer conditions.

Symptoms of dementia include loss of memory, confusion and problems with speech and understanding. Memory loss may be caused by other treatable physical diseases that share the same symptoms. It can also be stress or depression.

• Dementia describes different brain disorders that trigger a loss of brain function. These conditions are all usually progressive and eventually severe.

• There are more than 100 different types of dementia. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type, affecting 62 per cent of those diagnosed, almost 417,000 people.

• Other types of dementia include; vascular dementia affecting 17 per cent of those diagnosed and mixed dementia affecting 10 per cent of those diagnosed.

• Symptoms of dementia include memory loss, confusion and problems with speech and understanding. Dementia is a terminal condition.

Alzheimer’s Society is the UK ‘s leading support and research charity for people with dementia, their families and carers.

• One in every 14 of the population aged 65 years and over has dementia.

• The total number of people with dementia in the UK is forecast to increase to over 1 million by 2025 and over 2 million by 2051.

• There are now 42,325 people with early-onset dementia (onset before the age of 65 years) and 773,502 people with late-onset dementia (onset after the age of 65 years) in the UK. • For those with dementia aged over 60 years, an estimated 55% have mild dementia, 32% have moderate dementia and 12% have severe dementia.

• Among people with late-onset dementia, 311,730 (38.7%) are living in care homes (either residential care or nursing homes) and 493,639 (61.3%) are living in the community.

How Much Does It Cost?

• The overall economic impact of dementia in the UK is £26.3 billion, working out at an average annual cost of £32,250 per person.

• The cost of unpaid care for people with dementia in the UK is £11.6 billion, working out as 44% of the total cost of dementia.

• The total number of unpaid hours of care provided to people with dementia in the UK is worth £1.34 billion.

Worried About Your Memory?

Should I Be Concerned About My Memory?

What Should I Do If I am Worried?

It happens to all of us from time to time. You can’t put a name to a face. You forget where you put your keys. You can’t remember where you parked the car. Most of the time, such slips are a nuisance rather than a sign of something more serious.

If you are worried about your memory talk to your GP. They will listen to your concerns and possibly arrange for further investigation.

But if you are worried that your memory is getting worse or if memory loss is beginning to affect your everyday life, it is worth seeking advice. You may also be concerned about someone close to you. It is important to seek advice because, in some cases, memory problems are an early signs of a medical condition such as dementia.

What Can Cause Memory Problems?

Memory problems are common. Many of us notice that our memory becomes less reliable as we get older. Stress, depression and certain physical illnesses are just a few of the things that can make memory worse. And, of course some of us are more forgetful than others. But sometimes memory loss can be an early sign of dementia.

What Signs Should I Look Out For? You should seek medical advice without delay if your memory loss is affecting daily life and especially if you: • struggle to remember recent events, although you can easily recall things that happened in the past • find it hard to follow conversation or programmes on TV • forget the names of friends or everyday objects • cannot recall things you have heard, see or read • lose the thread of what you are saying • have problems thinking and reasoning • feeling anxious, depressed or angry • feel confused even when in a familiar environment or get lost on familiar journeys • find that other people are starting to notice or comment on your memory loss

You may be referred to a local memory clinic or hospital specialist for assessment where a formal diagnosis can be made.

If you are concerned about the memory of someone close to you encourage them to visit their GP. You might start the conversation by gently asking the person if they’ve been feeling any different from usual or are struggling with anything.

It is important to know that there are many reasons for memory loss apart from dementia.

These can include depression, infections and vitamin and thyroid deficiencies. The earlier you seek help the better, as there may be support or treatment available that can help you.

A Dementia Friend learns a little bit more about what it’s like to live with dementia and then turns that understanding into action - anyone of any age can be a Dementia Friend.

Whether you attend a face-to-face Dementia Friends Information Session or watch our online video, Dementia Friends is about learning more about dementia and the small ways you can help.

From telling friends about Dementia Friends to visiting someone you know living with dementia, every action counts.

For more information, contact our National Dementia Helpline on: 0300 222 1122 or website alzheimers.org.uk/memoryworry

Staying Healthy When someone has dementia, it’s important that they remain as fit and healthy as possible – both physically and mentally. The better they feel, the better life will be for them and those around them.

A person’s health and well-being is affected by many different factors.

Exercise – Try to find a form of regular exercise that will be enjoyable – ask the GP or occupational therapist for suggestions.

Mental health and well-being is as important as a person’s physical health. When someone has dementia they need; reassurance that they are still valued, freedom from as much external stress as possible and appropriate activities and stimulation to help them remain alert and motivated for as long as possible.

Eating Well – Eating too little or missing on essential nutrients will reduce a person’s resistance to illness and can make someone with dementia more confused. If someone refuses to eat a balanced diet, the GP may suggest alternatives or may prescribe vitamins or supplements.

Tackling Constipation – This is a common problem among older people and those who are less physically active. It can cause pain and discomfort, and can also increase a person’s confusion. If the problem persists consult the GP. Try to avoid the need to use laxatives by taking dietary steps to prevent constipation occurring.

A Good Night’s Sleep – We all need a good night’s rest, but dementia can cause people difficulties in getting to sleep. People can become confused about night and day, and may get up in the middle of the night, thinking that it is morning. Limiting daytime naps, reducing fluid and stimulating drinks in the evening, finding soothing and relaxing ways to encourage the person to sleep can help.

Medication – In general the fewer drugs someone with dementia has to take the better – both for their dementia and their general health.

This includes prescription and over the counter drugs. As soon as possible after diagnosis check with the GP to make sure that the person is not taking any drugs that they don’t need anymore and that they are taking the lowest dose possible. Drugs being used to relieve behavioural symptoms need to be reviewed regularly.

If you suspect the medication is increasing the person’s confusion or causing unwanted side-effects tell the GP. Help the person take their medication at the right time and dosage, using box compartments or individual tables marked with day or times.

In addition consider the impact the following can have on health: smoking, alcohol, hearing and visual difficulties, teeth and gum health, bone health, mobility and foot care, bone health and depression and anxiety.

Who is Affected

Mental health problems are more common in certain groups, such as: • people with poor living conditions, • people from ethnic minority groups, • disabled people • homeless people • offenders Diseases such as Alzheimer’s and dementia generally develop in old age, whereas eating disorders are more common in young people.

What is Mental Health?

Mental health is about how we think, feel and behave. One in four people in the UK has a mental health problem at some point, which can affect their daily life, relationships or physical health.

One or two in every 100 people will experience a more severe mental illness such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.

Mental health problems can affect anyone. Without support and treatment, mental health problems can have a serious affect on the individual and those around them. However, the majority of people who experience mental health problems can get over them, or learn to live with them, especially if they get help early on.

Mental Health Disorders

Mental health disorders take many different forms and affect people in different ways. Schizophrenia, depression and personality disorders are all types of mental health problem.

In the past, mental health symptoms have in the main been divided into groups. They are classed as either ‘neurotic’ or ‘psychotic’ symptoms.

‘Neurotic’ refers to those symptoms which can be regarded as severe forms of ‘normal’ emotional experiences such as depression, anxiety or panic.

'Neuroses’ are now more often called ‘common mental health problems.’

'Psychotic’ symptoms which are less common, are those that interfere with a person’s perception of reality. This may include the person having hallucinations. That is they see, hear, smell or feel things that no one else can.

There is no single cause of mental health problems and the reasons why they develop are complex.

Sometimes, people with mental health problems are discriminated against. This can lead to social problems such as homelessness, and may make the mental health problem worse.

Mental health problems can also develop from difficult life events, such as moving house, losing your job or the death of someone close to you .

Drinking too much alcohol over a long period of time, and using illegal drugs can contribute to mental health problems, particularly in people who are already vulnerable.

Treatment and Support

People with mental health problems need help and support to enable them to cope with their illness.

There are many treatment options, including medication, counselling, psychotherapy and self help.

It is important that people with mental illnesses are told about the options available so they can make a decision about what treatment suits them best.

Another important step in the recovery process is for the person to accept they are ill, and to want to get better. This can take time, and it is important for family and friends to be supportive.

Many support groups and charities offer advice, confidential counselling and information about the types of treatment available and where to get help.

Please use our local services search for details of these.

Carers

If you look after someone who is ill or disabled, your mental health may be affected. An official report on the mental health of carers found that more than half of all carers reported symptoms of mental health issues, such as stress or depression. This is higher than in the general population.

About alcohol

Drinking alcohol is often seen as a part of British culture but can pose a threat to health when consumed in quantities which are above the recommended guidelines. Over-indulgence can lead to physical, social and psychological health problems.

Alcohol is a major preventable cause of death and illness in Wales. Around 1,000 deaths are attributable to alcohol per year in Wales.

(Source: A profile of Alcohol and Health in Wales Public Health Wales 2009).

Policy Context The 10 year Substance Misuse Strategy - Working Together to Reduce Harm launched by the Welsh Assembly Government in 2008 sets out a national agenda to reduce harm caused by alcohol, drugs and other substances. It aims to prevent substance misuse through education, improve services for misusers, support and protect families and to tackle the innapropriate availability of alcohol.

• Working Together to Reduce Harm

What is Being Done to Minimise the Impact of Alcohol Misuse?

The Service Framework for the Treatment of Alcohol Misuse in Wales is designed to assist in the development of services with guidance on good practice in the context of current evidence and professional opinion. The framework advocates a “stepped care approach” to treatment based on two broad components: • Provision of brief interventions in the primary care setting for those drinking excessively but not requiring treatment for alcohol dependence • Provision of more specialist treatment for those with moderate or severe dependence and related problems.

• Service Framework for the Treatment of Alcohol Misuse in Wales Drinking alcohol in moderation can be enjoyable for many people, but drinking excessively or ‘binge drinking’ can have a harmful effect and can lead to serious health problems.

Regular or frequent drinking means drinking alcohol most weeks. The risk to your health is increased by drinking any amount of alcohol on a regular basis.

A unit of alcohol is 10ml of pure alcohol.

Calculate the number of units you drink.

Keep a record of your alcohol intake: Download Alcohol Diary sheet.

The benefits of drinking less alcohol – • You will reduce the risk of heart disease and cancer • You are less likely to have an accident • You are less likely to engage in any risky behaviour for example unprotected sex • Your liver is able to recover and repair damage • You will save money • Your energy levels will increase • You will sleep better and feel more rested/ refreshed when you wake • You will be able to concentrate better • You are less likely to upset family and friends • You are less likely to suffer from alcohol related depression

Binge Drinking Binge drinking is defined as drinking eight or more units of alcohol in one session for men and six units in one session for women. Studies reveal that drinking a large amount of alcohol over a short period of time may be significantly worse for your health than frequently drinking small quantities.

The NHS Recommends:

Short-term Effects

• not regularly drinking more than 14 units of alcohol a week • if you drink as much as 14 units a week, it’s best to spread this evenly over three or more days • if you’re trying to reduce the amount of alcohol you drink, it’s a good idea to have several alcohol-free days each week

Alcohol affects your physical coordination, causing slurring of speech, blurring or double vision and loss of balance. You are more likely to find yourself in dangerous situations if you have been drinking a lot, as alcohol affects your judgment and you may do things you would not consider doing when sober.

Other high risk behaviour associated with heavy alcohol consumption is: • Casual and unprotected sex, which can lead to unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections • Violence and arguments • Accidents at home and on the road

Long-term Effects Health risks associated with heavy drinking include: • Liver damage • Alcohol related anaemia • Gout • Pancreatitis • Coronary heart disease • Brain damage • Sexual problems such as impotence • Infertility • High blood pressure • Stroke • Anxiety, depression and poor concentration Social problems related to heavy alcohol intake include: • Divorce • Domestic violence • Child abuse • Workplace problems • Financial problems • Homelessness • Crime

Drinking & Pregnancy Advice from the Department of Health is that you should not drink at all if you are pregnant or trying to become pregnant. If you drink heavily you have an increased risk of miscarriage, and it may cause serious harm to the baby’s growth and brain development.

Your Alcohol Intake If you answer ‘Yes’ to two or more of the following questions, you should think about reducing your alcohol intake: • Have you ever thought you should cut down on your drinking?

• Have other people ever annoyed you by commenting on your drinking?

• Do you ever feel guilty about the amount of alcohol you are drinking?

• Have you ever taken a drink in the morning to relieve the symptoms of alcohol (commonly known as hair of the dog)?

If you answer ‘Yes’ to three or more of the following questions, you should consider seeking help from your GP who will be able to refer you to a specialist: • If you are a man, are you drinking more than 50 units of alcohol a week?

• If you are a woman, are you drinking more than 35 units a week?

• Do you have a strong desire or need to drink alcohol?

• Do you have difficulty resisting the urge to drink, stopping drinking, or controlling the amount you drink?

• Does your behaviour change or do you feel differently if you can’t get a drink?

• Do you drink to relieve or prevent those feelings?

• Do you seem to be able to drink more alcohol than most other people around you?

• Does the desire to drink or the effects of alcohol stop you taking part in your other interests and pleasures?

• Do you still drink, despite knowing about the harmful consequences?

About Drug Misuse Drug abuse can be very harmful to your health.

If you have a problem with drugs, there’s a wide range of services that can help.

Some of these services are provided by the NHS, and some are specialist drug facilities run by charities and private organisations. You can use the local services search facility to find your nearest Alcohol and Drug support services.

This guide to getting treatment for a drug problem will steer you through the options, so you can find help that works for you. If you have a problem with drugs, you have the same entitlement to care as anyone coming to the NHS for help with any other health problem.

With the right help and support it’s possible for you to get drug free and stay that way.

Getting Help Where to start A good place to start is to visit your GP. Your GP can discuss your concerns with you, assess the nature of your problems and help you choose the most appropriate treatment. Your GP might offer to treat you or might refer you to your local specialist drug service.

Many drug treatment services accept self-referrals so, if you’re not comfortable talking to your GP, you might be able to approach your local drug treatment service directly.

National organisations that provide information and support for drug users and their families include: • DAN 24/7 are available on 0808 808 2234 anytime day or night for help and advice. You can also search through DAN’s online database of helping agencies where you can find National and Local agencies that will be able to help you.

• Health Foundation: Drugs

Your Drugs Keyworker

If you are seen at your local drug treatment service, you will first be assessed and, if you are deemed appropriate for treatment, you will then be allocated a keyworker. Your keyworker may be a doctor, a nurse or a drugs worker.

Your keyworker will help you organise the treatment that you need, develop a personalised care plan with you and be your first point of call throughout your treatment. You’ll see your keyworker for regular one-to-one sessions during your treatment.

Voluntary Sector and Private Treatment Outside the NHS, there are many voluntary sector and private drug and alcohol treatment organisations that can help you. As well as residential rehab centres, community services of various types are provided by voluntary organisations. These include structured day programmes, outreach and harm reduction services, counselling services, aftercare and housing support services. These organisations will usually be linked to NHS services in your area.

Risks

The effects of drugs Drug misuse can be harmful to your health in both the short term and the long term, and could possibly lead to addiction. Information on various drugs is given below.

Cannabis

(hash, weed, grass, skunk, marijuana)

What is Cannabis?

Cannabis is a calming drug that also alters perceptions. It’s seen as “natural” because it’s made from the cannabis plant, but that doesn’t mean it’s safe. It can be smoked, often with tobacco, in a “joint” or “spliff”, or in a pipe or “bong”. It can also be drunk as a “tea” or eaten when mixed with food, such as biscuits or cakes.

How does cannabis make you feel?

Cannabis can make you feel relaxed and happy, but sometimes makes people feel lethargic, very anxious and paranoid, and even psychotic.

How does cannabis affect your health?

Cannabis has been linked to mental health problems such as schizophrenia and, when smoked, to lung diseases including asthma. It affects how your brain works, so regular use can make concentration and learning very difficult. Frequent use can have a negative effect on your fertility.

It is also dangerous to drive after taking cannabis.

Mixing it with tobacco is likely to increase the risk of heart disease and lung cancer.

Can cannabis be addictive?

Yes, it is possible to become psychologically dependent on cannabis. And some people do experience withdrawal symptoms when they stop taking it.

Cocaine

(powder cocaine, coke, crack)

What is Cocaine?

Powder cocaine (coke), freebase and crack are all types of cocaine, and all are powerful stimulants.

Freebase and crack can be smoked, and powder cocaine can be snorted in lines. Both cocaine powder and crack can also be prepared for injecting.

How does cocaine make you feel?

Cocaine gives the user energy, a feeling of happiness and being wide awake, and an overconfidence that can lead to taking risks. The effects are short-lived, so more drug is taken, which is often followed by a nasty “comedown” that makes you feel depressed and unwell, sometimes for several days.

How does cocaine affect your health?

If you take cocaine, it’s possible to die of an overdose from overstimulating the heart and nervous system, which can lead to a heart attack.

It can be more risky if mixed with alcohol.

Taking cocaine is particularly risky if you have high blood pressure or already have a heart condition.

If you’re pregnant, cocaine can harm your baby and even cause miscarriage. If you’ve had previous mental health problems, it can increase the chance of these returning.

If you snort cocaine, it can damage the cartilage of your nose over time. If you inject it, you are at higher risk of dying as the result of an overdose.

Your veins and body tissues can be seriously damaged. You put yourself at risk of catching HIV or hepatitis if you share needles.

Can cocaine be addictive?

Yes, cocaine is highly addictive and can cause a very strong psychological dependence. For advice on getting help for cocaine addiction, see Cocaine: get help in the treatment section of this topic.

The Cocaine Anonymous website also offers further advice.

Mephedrone

(meow meow, m-cat, bubble, meph)

What is Mephedrone?

Mephedrone is a strong amphetamine-like stimulant with some effects similar to ecstasy.

It was once available to buy on the internet as a “legal” alternative to drugs such as speed or ecstasy.

Ecstasy

(MDMA, pills, crystal, E)

What is ecstasy?

Ecstasy is a “psychedelic” stimulant drug usually sold as tablets, but it’s sometimes dabbed on to gums or snorted in its powder form. It’s also known as MDMA or “crystal”.

How does ecstasy make you feel?

Ecstasy can make you feel alert, affectionate and chatty, and can make music and colours seem more intense. Taking ecstasy can also cause anxiety, confusion, paranoia and even psychosis.

How does ecstasy affect your health?

Long-term use has been linked with memory problems, depression and anxiety. Ecstasy use affects the body’s temperature control and can lead to dangerous overheating and dehydration.

But a balance is important as drinking too much fluid can also be very dangerous for the brain, particularly because ecstasy tends to stop your body producing enough urine, so your body retains the fluid. For more information on ecstasy, visit the FRANK website.

Is ecstasy addictive?

Ecstasy can be addictive, as users can develop a psychological dependence on this drug. It is also possible to build up a tolerance to the drug and need to take more and more to get the same effect.

Speed

(amphetamine, billy, whizz)

What is speed?

Speed is the street name for drugs based on amphetamine, and is a stimulant drug. It’s usually an off-white or pink powder that’s either dabbed on to gums, snorted or swallowed in paper.

How does speed make you feel?

Speed can make you feel alert, confident and full of energy, and can reduce appetite. But it can make you agitated and aggressive, and can cause confusion, paranoia and even psychosis. You can also become very depressed and lethargic for hours or days after a period of heavy use.

How does speed affect your health?

Taking speed can be dangerous for the heart, as it can cause high blood pressure and heart attacks.

It can be more risky if mixed with alcohol, or if it’s used by people who have blood pressure or heart problems.

Injecting speed is particularly dangerous, as death can occur from overdose. Speed is usually very impure and injecting it can cause damage to veins and tissues, which can also lead to serious infections in the body and bloodstream. Any sharing of injecting equipment adds the risk of catching hepatitis C and HIV.

Is speed addictive?

Regular use of amphetamines can become highly addictive.

Legal highs

Legal highs are substances that have similar effects to illegal drugs like cocaine or cannabis. They are sometimes called club drugs or new psychoactive substances (NPS).

Many of these drugs are now controlled, but some are still legal to possess. This does not mean they are safe or approved for people to use.

Some drugs marketed as legal highs actually contain ingredients that are illegal to possess.

The risks of legal highs

Legal highs can carry serious health risks. The chemicals they contain have in most cases never been used before in drugs for human consumption.

This means they haven’t been tested to show they are safe. Users can never be certain what they are taking and what the effects might be.

Other risks:

You increase the risk to yourself if you combine alcohol with any legal or illegal drug.

Legal highs can reduce your inhibitions, so you do things you wouldn’t normally do. They can cause paranoia, coma, seizures and, in rare cases, death.

Because the chemical ingredients in a branded product can be changed without you knowing, the risks are unpredictable.

Even drugs that look similar or have similar names may be of varying strengths and have different effects.

When to get medical help

Most problems with short-term use of legal highs will settle after you stop taking them. However, the negative effects of some legal highs can take a few days to wear off completely, just like the comedown from stimulants such as cocaine or amphetamines.

If you think you’re having a serious negative reaction soon after taking a legal high, or you experience problems that do not settle with a little time out, fluids and fresh air, get medical help straight away by going to the accident and emergency (A&E) department of your nearest hospital.

If you’re worried about continuing health problems after you’ve stopped taking the drugs, visit your GP. But if you think further advice would be helpful before deciding whether or not to visit your GP, call the FRANK drugs helpline on 0300 123 6600, or NHS Direct Wales on 0845 46 47.

Legal highs and the law Many drugs that were previously sold as legal highs are now controlled under the Misuse of Drugs Act, including mephedrone (meow meow or mcat), naphyrone, BZP and GBL. This means they are illegal to possess or supply to others.

There are lots of different types of synthetic cannabinoids, and a large number have become Class B drugs.

To find out more about legal highs, visit the FRANK website.

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