BIO 171 Lab Exam 1 Scientific Method - ✔A series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating conclusions. Steps of the Scientific Method - ✔observation, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion Hypothesis - ✔a proposed explanation for an observation dependent variable - ✔The measurable effect, outcome, or response in which the research is interested. independent variable - ✔The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied. controlled variable - ✔a factor in an experiment that remains constant control group - ✔the treatment that eliminates the independent variable experimental group - ✔In an experiment, the group that is exposed to the treatment, that is, to one version of the independent variable. control group vs. experimental group - ✔control group = placebo ; nothing happens to them experiment group = is the one being tested on Replication - ✔repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances if...then (prediction of results) - ✔if a condition is true, then perform the action Fahrenheit to Celsius - ✔C=5/9(F-32)
Celsius to Fahrenheit - ✔F= 9/5 (C+32) water dissociation equation - ✔H2O <--> H+ + OHMolarity - ✔the number of moles of solute per liter of solution molar concentrations of H+ and OH- in pure H2O at 25C - ✔1 x 10^-7 M neutral solution - ✔any aqueous solution in which [H+] and [OH-] are equal Acid - ✔any compound that forms H+ ions in solution Base - ✔A substance that decreases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution. pH - ✔hydrogen ion concentration pH equation - ✔pH = -log10[H+] Buffer - ✔compound that prevents sharp, sudden changes in pH buffering range - ✔pH range in which the buffer can be effective kilometer - ✔1x10^3 meter - ✔1 centimeter - ✔1x10^2 millimeter - ✔1x10^3 micrometer - ✔1x10^6 nanometer - ✔1x10^9 [H+] x [OH-] = - ✔1 x 10^-14 M [OH-]= - ✔1x10^-14/[H+]
What is the formula for calculating [H+], given pH? - ✔[H+]=10^-pH