St
Pl
Pl Ha no ve r
St th Sm i
vin sS t
dS t Bo n
Pl
Av e
ory
4th
eg Gr
St
l
Pl
gP
l
t
Sa
int
St
PS
282
co
Pl
Av e
nt
372
Lin
ln
on
PS
5th
1s
tS
t
Pre
sid
en
15
Be
Ca
rro
St
th
Pl
ll S
Av e
A M
ley
t
Pl
St
5th
St
12
th
St
th
St
nt
3r
ry
t
4th
JJ HS
St
2n
St
dS
St
How has our Neighborhood Changed in the last 400 Years ?
me
dS
St
Rivage / Shoreline - 1766
go
Pl
Av e
11 th
10
Mo
k
7th
Pl
eld
ke
St
l
rfi
ar
2n th
Pl
t
tP
l nP lto
14
t
l
rke
mi
al S
St
sP
t
Ga
Ha
13
hn
tS
St
8th
St
Jo
8th
6th
tt S
Pl
t
St
Rivage / Shoreline - 2009 École / School - 2010
Elm
Pl Bo eru m
St yt
St
map sources: Bernard Ratzer, British Military Map of 1766, British Headquarters Map of 1782, Stile’s History of the City of Brooklyn, 1884, Burrows Wallace 1999 Indian settlement Map, Boltons’s 1922 Indian Paths in The Great Metropolis, 2006 New York City Digital Base Map; Historic Stream and potential Spring locations reconstructed from a 2004 Digital Elevation Stormwater Model, and Springs not mentioned in the historical record are marked with a question mark, with the assumption that all early houses had access to fresh water. Historical features still being researched are marked with question marks. This is a DRAFT map being developed for research purposes by Eymund Diegel, 439 Sackett Street, Brooklyn, NY, November 2010 It may contain errors of fact and accuracy. Please send corrections to eymund@gmail.com.
PS 58
tP
os pe c
ant
rk
ec
Av e
Pr
St um bia Col
civ
Ho
St
dS
9th
rks
t
2n
th
Per
Bry
ney
Pa
rlin
cke
5th
Ma
sp
Ste
ion
t
our
t
Sa
St
th S Smi
Sig
St
sS
Un
St
8
leck
t
las
Pro
tS
t
St
I 27
Hal
wS
St
e Av
r St
St
int
Po lhe
ame
Sa
7th
Cre
St
t
ug
St
eS
t
tS
Do
De
ton
son
Pl
Fis
tre
t
gra
t
Av e
t ry S
Mill
rks
ton
leck
Nel
1s
mil
Hal
rain
Hen
Hic ks St
Bay St
Lor
De
ley
Cen
hS
en
Al
St
Ma
PS
6th
Bus
sid
Pl
sP
net
int
mu
Gar
Pre
t
Ha
leck
ney
r St
ISB
ting
rt S St
l
ll S
Cou
Mal
ton
tre
Pl Cou rt S t
Pl Tom pki n S t
t ry S
Hic Cen
St
Ots
rd s
our
Hal
St
ame
ch a Ri
Sig
5th
Hun
Clin
ego
Cre
4th
St
t
y
St
St
t
Pl
Pl
net
St
Alle
Mill
St
St ds ar
Ri ch
St
St
ht
d
ig
ar
tt
Dw
Be
St
St
co
St
St
y
ay
W ol
son
ks
t tS
ffe
ke
8
Nel
Sa
St
St
PS 32
dS
4th uer
un Br Va n
ed
St
Luq
Wa lkw
Pl
rro
tS
2n
Hen
rS
Co
no
son
PS 27
en
t
ell
St
t
Wa rr
rS
133
tw
Nel
t
a
eS
St
Bu
hi
on
Col
3rd
t
W
Pl
uer
St
2nd
H S
Ca
en
Park
fic S
3r dA ve
Ve r
n
Luq
PS 58
emy
sS
nd
n
va
sid
Acad
Paci
Bo
le
t
PS 15
Co
Dy
I 27
es S
De
tio
St
Pre
ley
ita
las
Pl
St
tle
Al
t
rt S t
Im
Vi s
rS
Pl
dA ve
ee
ug
St
t
ltic
ith
on
y
Re
elye
Do
nS
Ba
146
Rap
en
St
Sm
St
Col
Alle
Va n
St
St
PS
t
St
Cou
St
PS
t
t Pl
Pi
SB HS
ve
St
mit
ion
nt S
Den
rf
m
an
St
g
Sum
Clin to
St la y
rf W ha ci al er m m
ha
rin
1st
St
Hanson
e Av
St
ce
hull
St
sh
Fe
er
ab
Un
St
38
t
ett
te
tbu
is
ng
W
Se
Woo d
roll
an
Wa rr
ck
Car
St
De
wS
Sa
side
CH
ic
Sta
Fla
rr
Ki
St
m
mit
ve nA
ke
n
m
Sum
lto
Di
va
n
l St
mi
lli
to
hul
St
Ha
in
Su
Co
Co
Cl
Wo od
St
Pre
St
rS
gra
St
ne
De
Hen ry S t
w
cif
rge
t
St
Pa
Be
nt S
Hic ks
Bo
tle
ns
Col um mit
t
t
Sum
ff S
S Oxford
roll
te Ave
SAS
Bu
t
l
Car
en
Av e
t
reene P
side
Wa rr
261
nS
nS
Ne
l Stro ng P
t ry S
Hen
ko
St
PS
tic
sto
Fort G
Pre
Bo eru m
l Wa rre nP
t Hic ks S
Che eve r Pl
8 I 27
ne
an
lto
Lafayet
Wy c
bia
t St
Tiff any P
l
St
ket
St
Atl
Fu
ing
and St
Sac
St
l
l
Liv
rl Cumbe
raw
hP
eP
St
y Pl
M S
ov
lix St
Deg
Ferr
t
PS 29
Ka
Gr
Oxford
t
Wa rr
St
Ave Portland
ck S
ss S
nda
en
St
gwi
gre
Ver a
orn
Saint Fe
Sed
Con
St
erh
l
tic
rm
Dekalb Ave
Elliott P
ng
Bal
he
Pl
Irvi
St
Sc
l
ltic
St
St
Ave
Ashland
en
t
ntic
Rockwell P
Wa rr
Ba
ific
ity S
Atla
e Hudson Av
Am
Pac
0
50 100
200
Meters
0
250
500
1,000
Feet
Gowanus Schools & Shoreline Changes since 1766
map sources: Bernard Ratzer, British Military Map of 1766, British Headquarters Map of 1782, Stile’s History of the City of Brooklyn, 1884 Burrows Wallace 1999 Indian settlement Map, 2006 New York City Digital Base Map, Historic Stream reconstructed from a 2004 Digital Elevation Stormwater Model This is a DRAFT map being developed for research purposes by Eymund Diegel, 439 Sackett Street, Brooklyn, NY, November 2010 It may contain errors of fact and accuracy. Please send corrections to eymund@gmail.com.
0
50 100
200
Meters
0
250
500
1,000
Feet
1766 Bernard Ratzer Map Gowanus & Red Hook Marshes, Brooklyn
What Would our Backyard Esturgeon / Sturgeon
Loutre / Otter
rt S t Cou
Pl pki
SAS
De
an
t
Rivage / Shoreline - 2009
École / School - 2010
Rivage / Shoreline - 1766
Villages Indiens / Indian Villages - pre 1750 Fortifications de la Révolution / Forts - 1782 Champs Indiens / Indian Fields (approximate) Marécages / Wetlands - 1766 Ruisseau / Stream - 1766 Canal Enterré / Historic Canal - 2010 Source / Spring - 1766 (speculative)
Plages / Beaches - 1766 Chemins / Roads - 1766 Chemins / Roads - 2009 Butte / Hill - 1766
St
Champs & Vergers / Farm Fields & Orchards - 1766
Maritie Bevors, 84 years old, quoted in 1741 New Amsterdam Court Trial Proceedings, in "Indian Paths in the Great Metropolis", Reginald Bolton, 1922
Pl
t
Pl ory eg Gr
St
l
Pl
gP
l
St
“Lower Mill” built 1701 by Brouwer 5th
ley
Vechte’s Brook 6th
re
9th
372
Denton’s (Yellow) Tidal Mill Pond
St
Al
PS
1s
ion
int
St
PS
282
Lin
co
Pre
sid
en
t
hn
sP
l
Pl
tS
t
Be
rke
Battle Pass ?
St
Ca
rro
ley
Pl
ll S
t
8th
Vechte’s Old Stone House
St
Ga
rfi
eld
Pl
lhe
Fis
ke
Pl
Po
nP l
Spring St 5th
Mo
nt
Av e
7th
St
3r
me
ry
Pl
th
15
th
th
St
St
Gowanus or Narrows Road
JJ HS
to Gowanus Village
St
St
Hutte Indienne / Indian Hunt - The Lenape’s Canarsie tribe occupied the Gowanus area, including the Gowane
4th
After the battle was over, the two British officers were buried in a field, near where they fell, and their graves fenced in fenced in with some posts and rails, where their remains still rest. But for an "example to the rebels," they refused the American rifleman the rites of sepulture; and his remains were exposed on the ground, till his flesh rotted, and torn off his bones by the fowls of the air. After a considerable length of time, in a heavy gale of wind, a large tree was uprooted; in the cavity formed by which, some friends of the Americans (...) placed the brave soldier's bones to mingle in peace with their kindred earth."
Soldats Americains / American Soldiers - 1776
1824 - pg 51 - "Notes Geographical and Historical relating to the town of Brooklyn, in Kings County on Long Island" Gabriel Furman, discussing the Battle of Long Island, 27 August 1776
0
50 100
St
k
12
2n
dS
ar
14
St
t
tP
th
St
ec
13
Av e
th
11 th
t
7th
10
1636 - FIRST EUROPEAN LAND TITLE IN LONG ISLAND - Bennet & Bentyne, two Englishmen purchase 936 acres of land from Canarsie Chief Gowane, founding the original Gowanus Village between 27th and 38th Street (Gowanus or Bennet’s Cove)
go
dS
St
(28th St), Werpoe (Warren & Bond and Marechkawick (Brooklyn Navy Yard) villages
ln
Jo
Spring ?
Brush Tavern ?
A M
St
an
Sa
Un
tS
Vechte’s Canal 8th
t
Av e
St
Dentons Mill
Old Port or Valley Grove Road
tt S
Av e
Public Landing Revolutionary Graves ? 2n d
C ney
tP
St
St
In the battle part of the British army marched down a lane (Port Road) leading from the Brush Tavern (at Valley Grove) to Gowanos, pursuing the Americans. Several of the American riflemen, in order to be more secure (...) had posted themselves in high trees near the road. One of them, whose name is now partially forgotten, shot the English Major Grant; in this he passed unobserved. Again he loaded his deadly rifle, and fired another English officer fell. He was then marked, and a platoon (..) fired into the tree and the rifleman fell to the ground dead.
Foret / Forests - 1766
rk
ec
t
"There had been .. thrown upon the (fire) to be roasted, a pail full of Gowanus oysters, which are the best in the country... I had to try some of them raw. They are large and full, some of them not less than a foot long, and they grow sometimes ten, twelve and sixteen together, and are like a piece of rock.. They pickle the oysters in small casks, and then send them to Barbadoes and the other islands."
"I was going by the house of Lubbertse, and saw many little hills in the way from the house to (Brouwer's) Mill along the neck and (when I) inquired what the hills were ... was answered that it was the Indian corn lands."
Pa
rlin
1776 - Buried Bodies
1741 - Indian Corn Fields
t
Ste
1679 - Delicious Oysters
Jasper Danckaerts, quoted in" A History of the City of Brooklyn" by Henry Reed Stiles, 1884, discussing Simon de Hart’s House at Gowanus Cove (near 28th Street)
sS
Av e
sp
ant
t
sp
rks
Pr o
Bry
al S
Pro
Ma
tS
us our
civ
t
las
cke
St Sig
Per
ug
wS
int
sP l
St
Smi th St
Do
Sa
www.themannahattaprject.org
ia S t um b Col
PS 58
8
map sources: Bernard Ratzer, British Military Map of 1766, British Headquarters Map of 1782, Stile’s History of the City of Brooklyn, 1884, Burrows Wallace 1999 Indian settlement Map, Boltons’s 1922 Indian Paths in The Great Metropolis, 2006 New York City Digital Base Map; Historic Stream and potential Spring locations reconstructed from a 2004 Digital Elevation Stormwater Model, and Springs not mentioned in the historical record are marked with a question mark, with the assumption that all early houses had access to fresh water. Historical features still being researched are marked with question marks. This is a DRAFT map being developed for research purposes by Eymund Diegel, 439 Sackett Street, Brooklyn, NY, November 2010 It may contain errors of fact and accuracy. Please send corrections to eymund@gmail.com.
Red Hook Docks (created from dredge and ship ballast fill)
r St
I 27
leck
gra
St
Coles Mill Pond (built 1770s)
St
t
ame
Hal
Legende / Legend
Mill
eS
Cre
Indian Fishing Ground
St
De
Sa
ow
t ry S Hen leck
St
PS
133
1645 - First Flour Mill in America
ek
ks S t
t
Hic
rain
Pl
G
St
Hal
tre
e Av
St
Cen
ton
leck
St
mil Ha
Hal
Lor
rks
6th
net
hS
Bay
t
St
Ma
St
mu
St ton
Gar
Bus
St
tS
ltic
5th
t rt S
St
Seabring’s Red Hook Tidal Mills
rd s ha
ney
1s
t
Coles Mill
St
Cou
l
r St
Ri c
our
en
Ba
int
en
nd
Den
t ry S Hen
Mal
Nel
son
ton
ame
Sig
sid
net
ks St s ch ar d
Ots
Cre
5th
Alle y
St
ting
tre
Dw
d
Hun
ego
ar
St
y Cen
Van Dyck’s Red Hook Tidal Mills
4th
American Fortifications (1776)
ISB
Alle
St
St
Be
tt
t
Brouwer’s Mill
t Pl
St
Clin
St
St
co
Pre
Sa Wa rr
Pl
St ke
Ri
Dy
Mill
ig ht
ed
Hic
t tS un Br Va n Re
Va n
St
PS 32
t
on
St
Pl
nt
son
y
W ol
rS
Pl
uer
Alle
y
yt Ho
St
4th
ay
tle
4th
St
St
Nel
ffe
t
dS
PS 15
Co
tS
2n
Luq
Wa lkw
Bu
ell
son
1776 American Gun Post
tw
Co
no
Fort Defiance
ve
rS
SB HS
Nel
Pl
t
Park
ic St
hi
PS 27
3rd
eS
en
t
W
St
Col
St
emy
Bo
uer
Acad
t
Pacif
dA ve
a
Luq
St
nS
sS
3r
Ve r
n
rge
y
Pl
va
Be
Al le
t
is
St
n
St
rr Fe
le
tio
Van Brunt House
Freeke’s (Brouwer’s) Tidal Mill Pond
Bergen Hill
Pl
38
Pl
e Av
Vi s
2nd
De
Hanson
sh
t
las
Bryant White - wwwbbwhite.com
rS
t
PS
Unnamed Street
tbu
ee
ug
ll S
2n dA ve
on
Do
St
sid
H S
Fort Box
Av e
t
Pre
PS 58
es S
m
an
l
rro
St
tic
Fla
Pi
Col
St
ith
St
Wa rr
St
Ca
St
mi lto
ng
Spring ?
St
an
Spring ?
rS
Jacob Bergen House
Indian Corn Fields / (approximate)
Atl
St
Ha
Ki
elye
ion
t
ett
st P
St
146
Rap
roll
Lubbertse House 1
PS
St
Car
Un
nt S
ic
St
wS
ck
Sm
rf ha W m m Co
St
on
ke
mit
St
ci
rf
ita
Di
g
al
ha
St
rin
Sum
ve nA
n
W
hull
ab
lto
"Red Hook" was named after the red clay soil of the original hook shaped peninsula
va
n
ce
Se
mi
lli
to
er
Ha
Su
m
Woo d
er
in
St
ks m
Cl
mit
Hic
la y Im
Co
side
rt S t
l St
Sum
Cou
hul
Pre
ton
Wo od
St
St
ne
Sa
Spring ?
Clin
w
St
Bo
St
Hen
mit
I 27
Sum
St
8
roll
gra
Ha no ve r
Ramp
CH
en
De
sS cif
St
WerpoesCanarsie Indian Village
Red Hook Lane
te
Ne Pa
Tom Car
t
ry S t
Atlantic Docks (created from razing of Bergen Hill)
nt S
Sta
St
side
vin
Spring ?
Oxford
Pre
Fort Greene
Av e
Stro n
mb ia Col u
e Ave
dS t
t
t
Lafayett
Indian Burial Ground ?
ff S
nS
l reene P
tle
Elm
St Sm i th
PS
Lubbertse / Johannas Bergen House Bu
l
t
Fort G
Seabring’s Tidal Mill
ko
en
St
t St
eP
De
ket
Wy c
Wa rr
ns
Sac
St
nS
261
St
gP l
t raw
ry S
Deg
y Pl
Hen
Ferr
ov
Pl
Wa rre nP
ne
Gr
lto
St
l er P
Ka
Che ev
Tiff a
t
sto
lix St Saint Fe
ck S
ing
Fu
Bo eru m
l
St Hic ks
8 I 27
Pl ny
gwi
Liv
t rland S Cumbe
Sed
M S
Indian Corn Fields / Sassian’s Maize Lands (approximate)
PS 29
Indian Burial Ground ?
St
St
St
orn
Oxford
New York Gazette, 20th November 1759
en
erh
Ave
ng
Wa rr
St
rm
Portland
tic
he
l
St
Bal
Irvi
Punkiesberg / Corkscrew Fort / Con Cobble Hill gre ss S t (American Army Ver and ah Headquarters) Pl
Sebring House
Sc
Elliott P
ltic
t
St
Pl Ashland
"On Sunday week last past a large bear passed the house of Mr. Sebring, in Brooklyn, and took the water at Red Hook, attempting to swim accross the Bay, when Cornelius Sebring and his miller immediately pushed off in a boat after him. The latter fired and missed, on which Mr Sebring let fly and sent a ball in at the back of his head, which came out of his eye and killed him outright."
ific
ity S
Rockwell Pl
RED HOOK BEAR HUNTING, 1759
Pac
Am
Ave
e Hudson Av
“Ihpetonga” (The High Sandy Bank) Wa original Canarsie rre nS t Indian name for Brooklyn Heights Ba
ntic
Pl
Dekalb Ave
Atla
Bo n
Lynx / Bobcat
Elk / Wapiti
Look Like in a Time Machine ?
Pl
Loup Gris / Grey Wolf
Bo eru m
Ours Noir / Black Bear
Pl
Notre Histoire Cachée Our Hidden History
TRY TO GUESS THE HABITATS FOR:
200
Meters
0
250
500
1,000
Feet
Gowanus Schools & Local Buried Features of Historical Interest