Facebology 2nd Year Exam Notes by Facebology

Facebology

Second Year Exam Notes

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‫﷽‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﻠﻛﻢ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬

‫ٔ‬ ‫ﻤﺬﻜﺮﺓ ﺍﺳﺌﻟﺔ ﺍﻤﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻠﺴﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻠﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻠﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﺍﻠﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﻮﺍﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪Anatomy – Physiology – Histology – Biochemistry‬‬ ‫ٔ‬ ‫ٔ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﺍﻠﻣﺬﻜﺮﺓ ﻋﻟﻰ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺘﻴﻦ ﻠﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻻﺳﺌﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﻭﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻤﺘﺤﺎﻥ ﻜﺎﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻠﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻟﻰ ﺷﻛﻞ ﺗﺠﻣﻴﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ٔ‬ ‫ﻠﻼﺳﺌﻟﺔ ﺍﻠﺘﻲ ﺗﻛﺮﺭﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻞ ﺍﻤﺘﺤﺎﻥ ﻠﻛﻞ ﻓﺮﻉ ﻤﻦ ﺍﻠﻣﺎﺩﺓ ‪.‬‬ ‫ٔ‬ ‫ٔ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻣﻨﻰ ﺍﻥ ﻳﻨﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻠﻌﻣﻞ ﺭﺿﺎﻜﻢ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﻤﻀﻰ ﻋﻟﻴﻪ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻠﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﻤﻦ ﺍﻠﻮﻗﺖ ﻭﺍﻠﺠﻬﺪ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻳﺴﻬﻞ‬ ‫ٔ‬ ‫ٔ‬ ‫ﻋﻟﻰ ﺍﻠﻄﺎﻠﺐ ﺍﻠﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﻠﻟﻣﻌﻟﻮﻤﺔ ﻭﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻠﻣﺘﻛﺮﺭ ﻤﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺌﻟﺔ ﺑﺎﻜـﺜﺮ ﻤﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻠﺘﻌﻢ ﺍﻠﻔﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﻠﻟﺠﻣﻴﻊ ‪.‬‬ ‫ٓ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻘﻛﻢ ﷲ ﻭﻧﺘﻣﻨﻰ ﻠﻛﻢ ﻜﻞ ﻧﺠﺎﺡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻠﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻻﺧﺮﺓ ‪...‬‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻀﻟﻮﺍ ﺑﺰﻳﺎﺭﺓ ﺻﻔﺤﺘﻨﺎ ﻋﻟﻰ ﺍﻠـ ‪: Facebook‬‬ ‫‪https://www.facebook.com/Facebology‬‬ ‫‪Facebology Team‬‬

Content Anatomy

Page 6

Collections on Branches of Anatomy

Physiology

Collections on Branches of Physiology

Biochemistry

Collections on Branches of Biochemistry

121

Histology

129

Collections on Branches of Histology

153

TANTA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF MEDICINE

SECOND YEAR FINAL ANATOMY EXAMINATION

ANATOMY & EMBRYOLOGY DEPARTMENT

TOTAL TIME : 3 HOURS

1\7\2012

TOTAL MARKS : 125

QUESTION (1) (Head Questions) (20 MARKS) : A- Draw labeled diagram showing venous drainage of the scalp and face . (5 MARKS) B- Describe the roots of the otic ganglion (diagram not needed) . (5 MARKS) C- Give a short note about the relations of the cavernous sinus (diagram needed) . (5 MARKS) D- Discuss the nerve supply and actions of extrinsic muscles of the eye (diagram not needed) . (5 MARKS) QUESTION (2) (Neck Questions) (25 MARKS) : A- Draw a labeled diagram showing the course of lingual nerve in submandibular region . Add a note on its applied anatomy . (6 MARKS) B- Enumerate the branches of glossopharyngeal nerve (diagram not needed) . (4 MARKS) C- Discuss the relations of the lobes thyroid gland (diagram needed) . (5 MARKS) D- Mention origin and insertion of the muscles of the palate (diagram not needed) . (6 MARKS) E- Enumerate the nerves supplying of the lateral nasal wall (diagram not needed) . (4 MARKS) QUESTION (3) (Neuroanatomy Questions) (20 MARKS) : A- Mention origin , site , course , end and function of lateral spinothalamic tract (diagram not needed) . (5 MARKS) B- Draw a labeled diagram showing the ventral surface of the brain stem (diagram not needed) . (5 MARKS) C- Discuss the definition and contents of tela choroidea of the 3rd ventricle (diagram needed) . ( 5 MARKS) D- Give the definition of the association fibers of the cerebral hemisphere then , enumerate them . (diagram not needed) . ( 5 MARKS) QUESTION (4) (Lower Limb Questions) (17 MARKS) : A- Discuss the definition , formation and compartments of femoral sheath (diagram needed) . (6 MARKS) B- Enumerate the muscles and nerves under cover of gluteus maximus muscle (diagram not needed) . (6 MARKS) C- Discuss beginning , end and branches of posterior tibial artery (diagram not needed) . (5 MARKS) QUESTION (5) (Special Embryology Questions) (15 MARKS) : A- Enumerate embryological origin of different parts of the urinary bladder . (4 MARKS) B- Discuss the fate of 3rd and 4th aortic arches . (4 MARKS) C- Enumerate eight congenital anomalies of the intestine . (4 MARKS) D- Enumerate six derivatives of the neural crest . (3 MARKS)

QUESTION (6) (Problem Solving) (3 MARKS) : After a car accident a 30 years old man was transported to the emergency room with fracture of his left tibia. After examination , there was injury of anterior tibial nerve . 1- Which muscle is supplied by this nerve ? (1 MARK) a- Tibialis posterior .

b- Extensor digitorum longus .

c- Soleus .

d- Flexor digitorum longus .

2- Mention the cutaneous branch of this nerve . (1 MARK) 3- Mention the articular branch of this nerve . (1 MARK) QUESTION (7) (MCQ) : Choose the correct answer : (25 MARKS) : 1- All the following muscles are supplied by facial nerve EXCEPT : A) Orbicularis oris muscle .

B) Buccinators muscle .

C) Orbicularis oculi muscle .

D) Anterior belly of digastric muscle .

2- Chorda tympani nerve joins one of the following nerves : A) Lingual nerve .

B) Inferior alveolar nerve .

C) Mylohyoid nerve .

D) Mental nerve .

3- The deep head of media pterygoid muscle arises from : A) Lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate .

B) Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate .

C) Lateral surface of medial pterygoid plate .

D) Medial surface of medial pterygoid plate .

4- The following nerves are present in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus EXCEPT : A) Oculomotor nerve .

B) Ophthalmic nerve .

C) Maxillary nerve .

D) Mandibular nerve .

5- Regarding the parotid gland the following are correct EXCEPT : A) It has 3 surfaces and 3 borders .

B) Its duct opens in the floor of mouth .

C) The facial nerve is one of its contents .

D) The length of its duct 5 cm.

6- Regarding the ophthalmic artery all the followings are correct EXCEPT : A) It enters the orbit through the optic canal .

B) It crosses the optic nerve from lateral to medial .

C) It gives central retinal artery .

D) It is a branch from the external carotid artery .

7- All the following structures pass through the jugular foramen EXCEPT : A) Internal jugular vein .

B) Glossopharyngeal nerve .

C) Hypoglossal nerve .

D) Vagus nerve .

8- All the following arteries are branches from facial artery in submandibular region EXCEPT : A) Submental artery .

B) Glandular arteries .

C) Ascending pharyngeal artery .

D) Tonsillar artery .

9- The following structures lie between internal and external carotid arteries EXCEPT : A) Styloglossus muscle .

B) Stylohyoid muscle .

C) Stylopharyngeus muscle .

D) Glossopharyngeal nerve .

10- Scalenus anterior muscle is inserted into : A) Scalene tubercle on the inner border of 1st rib .

B) Upper surface of 1st rib .

C) Outer surface of 2nd rib .

D) Neck of 1st rib .

11- All the following are branches from thyrocervical trunk of 1st part of subclavian artery EXCEPT : A) Superior intercostal artery .

B) Suprascapular artery .

C) Transverse cervical artery .

D) Inferior thyroid artery .

12- All the following structures are contents of suboccipital triangle EXCEPT : A) 3rd part of vertebral artery .

B) Suboccipital nerve .

C) Greater occipital nerve .

D) Lesser occipital nerve .

13- Palatoglossus muscle is supplied by : A) Hypoglossal nerve .

B) Glossopharyngeal nerve .

C) Vagus nerve .

D) Pharyngeal plexus (Cranial root of accessory nerve) .

14- Lateral wall of tympanic cavity is formed by : A) Tympanic membrane .

B) Tegmen tympani .

C) Auditory tube .

D) Mastoid antrum .

15- Middle ethmoidal air sinus opens into : A) Infundibulum .

B) Bulla ethmoidalis .

C) Hiatus semilunaris .

D) Superior meatus .

16- All the following are branches of the vertebral artery in the cranial cavity EXCEPT : A) Posterior spinal artery .

B) Medullary arteries .

C) Anterior spinal artery .

D) Anterior inferior cerebellar artery .

17- The primary visual cortex (area 17) is present in : A) Frontal lobe .

B) Parietal lobe .

C) Occipital lobe .

D) Temporal lobe .

18- The inferior cerebellar peduncle contains all of the following fibers EXCEPT : A) Ventral spino cerebellar fibers .

B) Olivo-cerebellar fibers .

C) Cuneo-cerebellar tract (fibers) .

D) Vestibulo-cerebellar fibers .

19- The posterior limb of internal capsule contains the following fibers EXCEPT : A) Superior thalamic radiation .

B) Fronto-pontine fibers .

C) Cortico-spinal fibers .

D) Cortico-rubral fibers .

20- Regarding genu of the corpus callosum , all the followings are true EXCEPT : A) It is the anterior end of corpus callosum . B) It is continuous above with the trunk and below with rostrum . C) Its posterior surface gives attachment to septum pellucidum . D) Its fibers extend forwards to frontal poles forming the forceps major . 21- Saphenous artery is a branch of : A) Femoral artery .

B) Profunda femoris artery .

C) Descending genicular artery .

D) Popliteal artery .

22- Peroneus longus tendon grooves the following tarsal bone : A) Navicular bone .

B) Cuboid bone .

C) Lateral cuniform bone .

D) Talus bone .

23- Sural nerve is branch of : A) Medial popliteal nerve .

B) Femoral nerve .

C) Siatic nerve .

D) Obturator nerve .

24- Saphenous nerve is one of the contents of the : A) Femoral canal .

B) Adductor canal .

C) Popliteal fossa .

D) Gluteal region .

25- Medial planter nerve give muscular branches to the following muscle : A) Flexor halluces brevis .

B) Flexor digitorum accessorius .

C) Abductor digiti minimi .

D) Flexor digiti minimi brevis .

TANTA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF MEDICINE

SECOND YEAR FINAL ANATOMY EXAMINATION

ANATOMY & EMBRYOLOGY DEPARTMENT 22\8\2012

TOTAL TIME : 3 HOURS TOTAL MARKS : 125

QUESTION (1) (Head Questions) (20 MARKS) : A- Describe the origin and insertion of the buccinators muscle (diagram not needed) . (5 MARKS) B- Discuss the course and branches of the inferior alveolar nerve (diagram needed) . (5 MARKS) C- Draw a diagram showing the connections of the cavernous sinus . (5 MARKS) D- Enumerate the branches of the ophthalmic artery (diagram not needed) . (5 MARKS) QUESTION (2) (Neck Questions) (25 MARKS) : A- Draw a labeled diagram of transverse section of the deep cervical fascia . (5 MARKS) B- Discuss the origin , course and branches of the lingual artery (diagram needed) . (5 MARKS) C- Enumerate the branches of the subclavian artery (diagram not needed) . (4 MARKS) D- Describe the structures in the lateral wall of nasopharynx (diagram needed) . (5 MARKS) E- Enumerate nerve supplying the larynx (diagram not needed). Add a note on the applied anatomy of the recurrent laryngeal nerve . (6 MARKS) QUESTION (3) (Neuroanatomy Questions) (20 MARKS) : A- Discuss the supply and functional components of the facial nerve (diagram not needed) . (5 MARKS) B- Draw a labeled diagram showing the floor of the fourth ventricle . (5 MARKS) C- DGive a note about the relations of the lentiform nucleus (diagram needed) . ( 5 MARKS) D- Enumerate the branches of the basilar artery (diagram not needed) . ( 5 MARKS) QUESTION (4) (Lower Limb Questions) (17 MARKS) : A- Enumerate the branches of the femoral nerve (diagram not needed) . (5 MARKS) B- Discuss the origin , insertion , nerve supply and action of semitendinosus muscle (diagram not needed) . (6 MARKS) C- Discuss the branches of the lateral planter artery (diagram needed) . (6 MARKS) QUESTION (5) (Special Embryology Questions) (15 MARKS) : A- Enumerate factors affecting descent of testis . (4 MARKS) B- Discuss the congenital anomalies of the interatrial septum. (4 MARKS) C- Discuss the development of rectum and anal canal . (4 MARKS) D- Enumerate the congenital anomalies of the thyroid gland . (3 MARKS)

QUESTION (6) (Problem Solving) (3 MARKS) : A 45 years female came to the hospital when she noticed a lemon sized swelling in the upper part of her right thigh . After examination, the diagnosis was femoral hernia . 1- Which structure forms the medial boundary of femoral ring ? (1 MARK) a- Femoral vein .

b- Femoral artery .

c- Pectineal ligament .

d- Lacunar ligament.

2- Mention the coverings of the femoral hernia . (1 MARK) 3- Why femoral hernia is prevented from descending downwards in the thigh ? (1 MARK) QUESTION (7) (MCQ) : Choose the correct answer : (25 MARKS) : 1- The following layers of the scalp contains the blood vessels and nerves : A) Skin .

B) Connective subcutaneous tissue .

C) Loose areolar tissue .

D) Pericranium .

2- All the following nerve are branches of the maxillary nerve in the face EXCEPT : A) Auriculotemporal nerve .

B) Infraorbital nerve .

C) Zygomaticofacial nerve .

D) Zygomatictemporal nerve .

3- The lower head of lateral pterygoid muscle arises from : A) Lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate .

B) Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate .

C) Lateral surface of medial pterygoid plate .

D) Medial surface of medial pterygoid plate .

4- Sphenomandibular ligament is attached below to : A) Angle of mandible .

B) Lingula of mandible .

C) Lateral surface of neck of mandible .

D) Posterior end of mylohyoid line .

5- The following dural venous sinuses occupies the lower concave free margin of falx cerebri : A) Straight sinus .

B) Superior petrosal sinus .

C) Inferior sagittal sinus .

D) Cavernous sinus .

6- The following extrinsic muscle of the eye is supplied by the abducent nerve : A) Superior oblique .

B) Lateral rectus .

C) Superior rectus .

D) Medial rectus .

7- The following nerve pass through the superior orbital fissure outside common tentinous ring EXCEPT : A) Abducent nerve .

B) Lacrimal nerve .

C) Trochlear nerve .

D) Frontal nerve .

8- The followings are tributaries of external jugular vein EXCEPT : A) Transverse cervical vein .

B) Suprascapular vein .

C) Anterior jugular vein .

D) Common facial vein .

9- Submandibular lymph nodes lie in the following division of anterior triangle of the neck : A) Digastric triangle .

B) Submental triangle .

C) Carotid triangle .

D) Muscular triangle .

10- The preganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers to the submandibular salivary glands pass through the following cranial nerve : A) Facial nerve .

B) Glossopharyngeal nerve .

C) Vagus nerve .

D) Hypoglossal nerve .

11- The common carotid artery divides into external and internal carotid branches at the level of : A) Upper border of cricoid cartilage .

B) Upper border of thyroid cartilage .

C) Lower border of cricoid cartilage .

D) Lower border of thyroid cartilage .

12- The following branch arises from the inferior ganglion of vagus nerve : A) Meningeal branch .

B) Auricular branch .

C) Pharyngeal branch .

D) Recurrent laryngeal branch .

13- All the following nerve are branches from the middle cervical sympathetic ganglion EXCEPT : A) Thyroid branch .

B) Middle cardiac branch .

C) Ansa subclavia .

D) Pharyngeal branches .

14- Lymphatics from posterior 1/3 of the tongue drain to : A) Submental lymph nodes .

B) Submandibular lymph nodes .

C) Deep cervical lymph nodes .

D) Superficial cervical lymph nodes .

15- Cricothyroid muscle is supplied by : A) External laryngeal nerve .

B) Recurrent laryngeal nerve .

C) Internal laryngeal nerve .

D) Pharyngeal plexus .

16- Origin of dorsal spinocerebellar tract is : A) Nucleus dorsalis .

B) Main sensory nucleus .

C) Clarkâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s nucleus .

D) Substantia gelatinosa of Rolandi .

17- Optic nerve carries the following functional components : A) Special visceral efferent .

B) Special somatic afferent .

C) Special visceral afferent .

D) General Special visceral efferent .

18- The superior cerebellar peduncle contains all the following efferent fibers EXCEPT : A) Cerebello-olivary fibers .

B) Cerebello-rubral fibers .

C) Cerebello-reticular fibers .

D) Cerebello-ponto-cerebellar fibers .

19- The following structures form the posterior wall if the third ventricle EXCEPT : A) Mamillary bodies .

B) Stalk of pineal body .

C) Habenular commissure .

D) Posterior commissure .

20- The following arteries form circle of willis EXCEPT : A) Anterior cerebral arteries .

B) Middle cerebral arteries .

C) Posterior cerebral arteries .

D) Posterior communicating arteries .

21- All the following muscles share in the floor of femoral triangle EXCEPT : A) Adductor magnus .

B) Pictineus .

C) Psoas major .

D) Iliacus .

22- All the following structures are within the contents of adductor canal EXCEPT : A) Femoral artery .

B) Femoral vein .

C) Saphenous nerve .

D) Nerve to vastus lateralis .

23- Semimembraosus muscle takes origin from : A) Upper lateral part of upper area of ischial tuberosity . B) Lower medial part of upper area of ischial tuberosity . C) Lateral part of lower area of ischial tuberosity . D) Medial part of lower area of ischial tuberosity . 24- Peroneus tertius muscle supplied by : A) Musculocutaneous nerve .

B) Anterio tibial nerve .

C) Posterior tibial nerve .

D) Lateral planter nerve .

25- The most lateral structure deep to the flexor retinaculum is : A) Tibialis posterior tendon .

B) Posterior tibial artery .

C) Flexor halluces tendon .

D) Flexor digitorum longus tendon .

TANTA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF MEDICINE

SECOND YEAR MIDYEAR (20%) EXAMINATION

ANATOMY & EMBRYOLOGY DEPARTMENT Date: 22\8\2012

TIME : 1 HOUR MARKS : 37.5

N.B. The Diagram is needed only in question (2-A) QUESTION (1) : A- Discuss the relations of the surfaces of parotid gland . (4 MARKS) B- Enumerate the arteries supplying the dura . (4 MARKS) QUESTION (2) : A- Draw a labeled diagram showing boundaries and contents pf the posterior triangle of the neck . (4 MARKS) B- Discuss the branches of hypoglossal nerve . (4 MARKS) C- Enumerate the motor and sensory nerves supplying the pharynx . (4 MARKS) QUESTION (3) : A- Give short note about the spinal nerves . (5 MARKS) B- Mention origin, site, course, end and functions of ventral spinothalamic tract . (5 MARKS) QUESTION (4) : A- Discuss the mesodermal derivatives of the second pharyngeal arch . (4.5 MARKS) B- Enumerate the congenital anomalies of the tongue . (3 MARKS)

TANTA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF MEDICINE

SECOND YEAR FINAL ANATOMY EXAMINATION

ANATOMY & EMBRYOLOGY DEPARTMENT

TOTAL TIME : 3 HOURS

15\6\2011

TOTAL MARKS : 125

QUESTION (1) (Head Questions) (20 MARKS) : A- Enumerate layers of the scalp Discuss 4th layer and its applied anatomy (diagram not needed).(5 MARKS) B- Discuss origin, insertion, nerve supply and action of temporalis muscle (diagram needed) . (5 MARKS) C-Describe formation, drainage and communications of pterygoid venous plexus (diagram needed) . (5 MARKS) D- Enumerate branches of internal carotid artery in the cranial cavity (diagram not needed) . (5 MARKS) QUESTION (2) (Neck Questions) (25 MARKS) : A- Draw a labeled diagram showing the superficial relations of hyoglossus muscle . (5 MARKS) B- Enumerate Five structures in the midline of the neck (diagram not needed) . (5 MARKS) C- Discuss the relations of the thyroid gland isthmus (diagram needed) . (5 MARKS) D- Enumerate structures related to constrictor muscles of the pharynx (diagram not needed) . (5 MARKS) E- Discuss origin and insertion of extrinsic muscles of the tongue (diagram not needed) . (5 MARKS) QUESTION (3) (Neuroanatomy Questions) (20 MARKS) : A- Draw a diagram showing the arterial supply of the spinal cord . (5 MARKS) B- Enumerate the deep origin and functional components of the vagus nerve (diagram not needed) . ( 5 MARKS) C- Enumerate boundaries and contents of inter-peduncular fossa (diagram not needed) . ( 5 MARKS) D- Discuss the relations and contents of posterior limb of internal capsule (diagram needed) . ( 5 MARKS) QUESTION (4) (Lower Limb Questions) (17 MARKS) : A- Discuss the boundaries and enumerate contents of adductor canal (diagram needed) . (6 MARKS) B- Enumerate the muscles produce eversion of foot. Discuss attachments and nerve supply of one of them (diagram needed) . (6 MARKS) C- Discuss branches of dorsalis pedis artery and its applied anatomy (diagram not needed) . (5 MARKS) QUESTION (5) (Special Embryology Questions) (15 MARKS) : A- Discuss congenital anomalies of the male urethra . (3 MARKS) B- Enumerate embryological origins of arch of aorta and its congenital anomalies . (5 MARKS) C- Enumerate skeletal and muscular derivatives of the first pharyngeal arch . (4 MARKS) D- Give a short account on congenital anomalies of pancreas . (3 MARKS)

QUESTION (6) (Problem Solving) (3 MARKS) : During physical examination of a patient suffering from difficulty in walking , it is observed that he has a problem in unlocking the knee joint to permit flexion of the leg . 1- Which of the following muscles is most likely damaged ? (1 MARK) a- Biceps femoris .

b- Gastrocnemius .

c- Popliteus .

d- Semimembranosus .

2- What is its nerve supply ? (1 MARK) 3- Define locking of knee joint . (1 MARK) QUESTION (7) (MCQ) : Choose the correct answer : (25 MARKS) : 1- The most superficial structure within the parotid gland is : A) Facial nerve .

B) External carotid artery .

C) Posterior facial vein .

D) Great auricular nerve .

2- Abducent nerve supplies one of the following muscles : A) Superior rectus muscle .

B) Superior oblique muscle .

C) Medial rectus muscle .

D) Lateral rectus muscle .

3- Cavernous sinus communicates inferiorly with : A) Basilar Plexus of sinuses .

B) Pterygoid plexus of veins .

C) Anterior facial vein .

D) Cavernous sinus of the other side .

4- Otic ganglion is functionally associated with : A) Glossopharyngeal nerve .

B) Vagus nerve

C) Facial nerve .

D) Trigeminal nerve .

5- The Origin of buccinators muscle is from the following EXCEPT : A) Alveolar process of the maxilla opposite the 3 molar teeth . B) Alveolar process of the mandible opposite the 3 molar teeth . C) Sphenomandibular ligament . D) Pterygomandibular ligament . 6- All of the following are branches from the anterior division of mandibular nerve EXCEPT : A) Buccal nerve .

B) Deep temporal nerves .

C) Masseteric nerve .

D) Lingual nerve .

7- All of the following lie superficial to hyoglossus muscle EXCEPT : A) Lingual nerve .

B) Hypoglossal nerve .

C) Glossopharyngeal nerve .

D) Submandibular ganglion .

8- The following structures lie between external and internal carotid arteries EXCEPT : A) Styloglossus muscle .

B) Stylopharyngeus muscle .

C) Stylohyoid muscle .

D) Glossopharyngeal nerve .

9- The following nerve arises from the superior ganglion of vagus nerve : A) Meningeal branch .

B) Pharyngeal branch .

C) Superior laryngeal branch .

D) Recurrent laryngeal branch .

10- The following nerve arises from the middle cervical ganglion of sympathetic trunk : A) Internal carotid nerve .

B) External carotid nerve .

C) Ansa subclavia .

D) Inferior cardiac branch .

11- All of the following are branches of lingual artery EXCEPT : A) Suprahyoid artery .

B) Dorsal lingual arteries .

C) Infrahyoid artery .

D) Sublingual artery .

12- All the muscles of the soft palate are supplied by pharyngeal plexus EXCEPT : A) Palatoglossus .

B) Tensor palati .

C) Musclus uvulae .

D) Levator veli palati .

13- Sensory innervation of the larynx below the level of vocal cords is by : A) Internal laryngeal nerve .

B) Recurrent laryngeal nerve .

C) External laryngeal nerve .

D) Superior laryngeal nerve .

14- The following nerve carry general sensation from posterior third of the tongue : A) Glossopharyngeal nerve .

B) Vagus nerve .

C) Lingual nerve .

D) Chorda tympani nerve .

15- The origin of ventral spinothalamic tract is : A) Substantia gelatinosa of Rolandi .

B) Main sensory nucleus .

C) Nucleus dorsalis .

D) Spinal root ganglia .

16- The media leminiscus : A) Is formed by fibers from gracile and cuneate nuclei . B) Is formed by fibers of trigeminal nuclei . C) Is formed by fibers of trapezoid body . D) Is formed by fibers of lateral and ventral spinothalamic tracts .

17- All of the following are branches of basilar artery EXCEPT : A) Posterior cerebral artery .

B) Superior cerebellar artery .

C) Posterior inferior cerebellar artery .

D) Labyrinthine artery .

18- The uncinate fasciculus is : A) Projection fibers .

B) Association fibers .

C) Ascending tract .

D) Commissural fibers .

19- Basal ganglia include the followings EXCEPT : A) Caudate nucleus .

B) Lentiform nucleus .

C) Amygdaloid body .

D) Pineal body .

20- As regards the anterior horn of lateral ventricle all of the followings are true EXCEPT : A) Its roof and anterior wall is by corpus callosum . B) Its medial wall is by septum pellucidum . C) Its floor is by rostrum and head of caudate nucleus . D) It contains choroid plexus . 21- All of the followings are branches lateral circumflex femoral artery EXCEPT : A) Ascending branch .

B) Acetabular branch .

C) Descending branch .

D) Transverse branch .

22- Obturator nerve supplies the following muscle : A) Adductor longus muscle .

B) Quadratus femoris muscle .

C) Sartorius muscle .

D) Obturator internus muscle .

23- Piriformis muscle is inserted into : A) Lateral surface of greater trochanter . B) Anterior surface of greater trochanter . C) Medial surface of greater trochanter . D) Top of greater trochanter . 24- The deepest structure in popliteal fossa is : A) Popliteal vein .

B) Popliteal artery .

C) Medial popliteal nerve .

D) Lateral popliteal nerve .

25- Sural nerve is branch of the : A) Lateral popliteal nerve .

B) Medial popliteal nerve .

C) Sciatic nerve .

D) Anterior tibial nerve .

TANTA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF MEDICINE

SECOND YEAR FINAL ANATOMY EXAMINATION

ANATOMY & EMBRYOLOGY DEPARTMENT

TOTAL TIME : 3 HOURS

August\2010

TOTAL MARKS : 125

QUESTION (1) (Head & Neck Questions) (36 MARKS) : Draw labeled

diagrams

illustrating each of the followings :

1- Venous drainage of scalp and face . 2- Relation of parotid gland . 3- Course of lingual nerve . 4- Anterior relations of scalenus anterior muscle . 5- Contents of suboccipital triangle . 6- Cavity of larynx . QUESTION (2) (Neuroanatomy Questions) (24 MARKS) : Write short

notes on :

1- Venous drainage of spinal cord . 2- Nuclei of vagus nerve . 3- Relation of lentiform nucleus . 4- Sulci & gyri on tentorial surface of cerebral hemisphere . QUESTION (3) (Lower Limb Questions) (24 MARKS) : 1- Mention the course & branches (in brief) for profunda femoris artery . 2- Enumerate guy rope muscles . mention : origin and nerve supply of each . 3- Mention the attachments & superficial relations of inferior extensor retinaculum . 4- Illustrate the branches of lateral plantar nerve by a labeled diagram . QUESTION (4) (Special Embryology Questions) (24 MARKS) : Write short

notes on :

1- Derivatives of mesonephros in male . 2- Components of left ventricle . 3- Development of anal canal . 4- Congenital anomalies of thyroid gland .

QUESTION (5) (MCQ) : Choose the correct answer : (17 MARKS) : 1- These are true for facial nerve EXCEPT : A) Motor to buccinators .

B) Sensory to external ear .

C) Motor to platysma .

D) Secretomotor to parotid gland .

E) Motor to orbicularis oculi . 2-These are branches of maxillary artery EXCEPT : A) Sphenopalatine artery .

B) Descending palatine artery .

C) Anterior superior alveolar artery .

D) Pharyngeal artery .

E) Infra orbital artery . 3- These are true for cervical part of sympathetic trunk EXCEPT : A) Lies on cervical transvers processes .

B) Gives common carotid artery .

C) Gives internal carotid artery .

D) Gives external carotid artery

E) Gives ansa subclavia . 4- Tributaries of cavernous sinus include EXCEPT : A) Superior ophthalmic vein .

B) inferior ophthalmic vein .

C) Meningeal veins .

D) Sphenoparietal sinus .

E) Inferior petrosal sinus . 5-The nerve supply of tongue include EXCEPT : A) Glossopharyngeal nerve .

B) Trigeminal nerve .

C) Facial nerve .

D) Vagus nerve .

E) Accessory nerve . 6- These are true for bulla ethmoidalis of nasal cavity EXCEPT : A) Lies in middle nasal meatus .

B) Produced by middle ethmoid air sinus .

C) Lies above hiatus semilunaris .

D) Maxillary air sinus open into it .

E) Lies above inferior concha . 7- These are true for subclavian artery EXCEPT : A) Ends at first rib .

B) Divides to 3 parts .

C) Gives vertebral artery .

D) Gives thyrocervical trunk .

E) Gives deep cervical artery .

8- These are true for larynx EXCEPT : A) Lies opposite four cervical vertebrae . B) Superior laryngeal artery pierces thyroid membrane . C) Inferior laryngeal artery passes deep to inferior constrictor to supply it . D) Recurrent laryngeal nerve supplies circothyroid . E) Its lymphatics go to upper & lower deep cervical lymph nodes . 9- At birth conus medullaris ends opposite to : A) 10th thoracic vertebra .

B) 1st lumbar vertebra .

C) 3rd lumbar vertebra .

D) 5th lumbar vertebra .

E) 2nd sacral vertebra . 10- These cranial nerves include branchio motor fibers EXCEPT : A) Glossopharyngeal nerve .

B) Facial nerve .

C) Oculomotor nerve .

D) Trigeminal nerve .

E) Accessory nerve . 11- Inferior cerebellar peduncle include these tracts EXCEPT : A) Ventral spinocerebellar tract .

B) Olivocerebellar tract .

C) Arcuatocerebellar tract .

D) Cuneocerebellar tract .

E) Vestibulocerebellar tract . 12- Third ventricle is the cavity of A) Metecephelon .

B) Myelencephalon .

C) Mesencephalon .

D) Telencephalon .

E) Diencephalon . 13- These are true for lateral ventricle EXCEPT : A) Floor of anterior horn shows rostrum . B) Medial wall of anterior horn is made by fornix . C) Floor of body presents caudate nucleus . D) Floor of posterior horn shows calcar avis . E) Floor of inferior horn show cerebellar eminence .

14- These are true for superficial cerebral veins EXCEPT : A) Run in subarachnoid space .

B) Devoid of valves .

C) Drain cerebral cortex .

D) End in dural venous sinuses .

E) Include great cerebral vein . 15- Quadriceps femoris muscle can : A) Extends hip joint .

B) Abducts the knee .

C) Flexes the knee .

D) Adducts the thigh .

E) None of the above . 16- These are true for ligaments of the lower limb EXCEPT : A) Iliofemoral ligament attached to intertrochanteric line . B) Anterior cruciate ligament is attached to lateral femoral condyle . C) Deltoid ligament is attached to medial malleolus . D) Springe ligament is attached to navicular & calcaneus bones . E) Bifurcate ligament is attached to talus , calcaneus & navicular bones 17- Superficial relation of dorsalis pedis artery includes : A) Extensor hallucis longus .

B) Extensor halluces brevis .

C) Extensor digitorum longus .

D) Extensor digitorum brevis .

E) None of the above .

TANTA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF MEDICINE

SECOND YEAR MIDYEAR (20%) EXAMINATION

ANATOMY & EMBRYOLOGY DEPARTMENT Date: 21\2\2010

TIME : 1 HOUR MARKS : 37.5

QUESTION (1) : A- Mention origin of the buccinators muscle. (5 MARKS) B- Mention the movements of the tempromandibular joint and the muscles producing them. (5 MARKS) QUESTION (2) : A- Draw a diagram showing origin, course and branches of the facial artery in the submandibular region. (3.5 MARKS) B- Enumerate the contents of suboccipital triangle. (2.5 MARKS) C- Mention the arterial supply of the lateral wall of nose. (4 MARKS) QUESTION (3) : A- Write a short note about fixation of the spinal cord. (4 MARKS) B- Mention origin, supply and functional components of 3rd cranial (oculomotor) nerve. (6 MARKS) QUESTION (4) : A- Mention the developmental origin of different parts of urinary bladder. (2.5 MARKS) B- Mention changes in the vascular system after birth. (5 MARKS)

TANTA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF MEDICINE

SECOND YEAR MIDYEAR (20%) EXAMINATION

ANATOMY & EMBRYOLOGY DEPARTMENT

TIME : 1 HOUR

Date: July\2010

MARKS : 37.5

ALL QUESTIONS ARE TO BE ANSWERED * 4 marks for each questionâ&#x20AC;ŚEXCEPT last one by 5.5 marks. 1- Describe origin and insertion of buccinators muscle. 2- Enumerate branches of maxillary nerve. 3- Mention the beginning and tributaries of the internal jagular vein. 4- Enumerate the features seen on the lateral wall of nasopharynx. 5- What are the external features seen on the vertebral surface of the midbrain. 6- Describe the development of metanephric cap (in brief). 7- Mention the derivatives of paramesonephric duct in female. 8- Enumerate the anomalies of the interatrial septum. 9- Mention the deep nuclei and function components of glossopharyngeal nerve.

TANTA UNIVERSITY

SECOND YEAR

FACULTY OF MEDICINE

FINAL ANATOMY EXAMINATION

ANATOMY & EMBRYOLOGY DEPARTMENT

TOTAL TIME : 3 HOURS

August\2009

TOTAL MARKS : 125

QUESTION (1) (Head & Neck Questions) (35 MARKS) : Give an

account on :

A-Venous drainage of face and scalp. (7 MARKS) B- Nerve supply of the submandibular salivary gland. (7 MARKS) C-Relations of scalenus anterior muscle. (7 MARKS) D- Blood, lymph and nerve supply of larynx. (7 MARKS) E- Beginning, termination and tributaries of the internal jagular vein. (7 MARKS) QUESTION (2) (Neuroanatomy Questions) (25 MARKS) : A- Describe the course of pyramidal tracts. (8 MARKS) B- Illustrate the circle of Willis by a labeled diagram. (8 MARKS) C- What are the relations of the central part of the left ventricle. (9 MARKS) QUESTION (3) (Lower Limb Questions) (15 MARKS) : A- Describe the branches of the profunda femoris artery. (5 MARKS) B- Give a brief account on the sciatic nerve. (5 MARKS) C- Mention name, nerve supply and action of the muscles of first layer of sole of foot. (5 MARKS) QUESTION (4) (Special Embryology Questions) (20 MARKS) : Write short anatomical notes on: A- Congenital anomalies of the testis. (5 MARKS) B- Fate of cardinal veins. (10 MARKS) C- Mesodermal derivatives of the second pharyngeal arch. (5 MARKS) QUESTION (5) (MCQ) : Choose the correct answer : (30 MARKS) : 1- Regarding the cranial nerves nuclei resent in pons, one statement is WRONG : A) Main sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerves.

B) Cochlear nuclei.

C) Motor nucleus of facial nerve.

D) Nucleus of hypoglossal.

E) Nucleus of abducent.

2- Regarding spinal cord, one statement is WRONG : A) It is continuous above with the medulla oblongata. B) The conus medullaris is at the level of L3 in adults. C) It has cervical and lumbar enlargements. D) It has three coverings of meninges. E) It has 31 pairs of spinal nerves. 3- Regarding internal capsule, one statement is WRONG : A) Contains projection fibers. B) Corticospinal fibers are present in the anterior limb. C) Retrolentiform part contains fibers of optic radiation. D) Sublentiform part contains auditory fibers. E) Lentiform nucleus forms its lateral boundary. 4- Regarding corpus callosum, one statement is WRONG : A) Contains commissural fibers. B) splenium is its posterior part. C) Fibers of genu form forceps major. D) Its trunk forms the roof of the central canal of the lateral ventricle. E) The rostrum is attached to lamina terminalis. 5- Regarding the third ventricle, one statement is WRONG : A) It is situated between thalami. B) Anterior commissure is present in the anterior part of its floor. C) Pineal gland is present in its posterior wall. D) Communicates with the lateral ventricles through the interventricular foramen. E) Continuous with the fourth ventricle through the cerebral aqueduct. 6- Regarding basal ganglia, one statement is WRONG : A) Formed of corpus striatum, amygdaloid body and claustrum. B) The corpus striarum is formed caudate and lentiform. C) Lentiform nucleus includes the putamen and globus pallidus. D) Claustrum lies between the external and internal capsules.

7- Regarding the pharynx, one statement is WRONG : A) Pharynx is continuous with oesophagus at level of C4. B) Auditory tube opens into the lateral wall of the nasopharynx. C) Palatine Tonsil is present in the lateral wall of oropharynx. D) Superior constrictor is one its muscles. E) Stylopharyngeus muscle is one of its longitudinal muscles. 8- Regarding the maxillary artery, one statement is WRONG : A) Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s the larger terminal branch of the external carotid. B) Medial pterygoid muscle divides it into three parts. C) Deep auricular artery is a branch of the first part. D) Deep temporal arteris arise from the second part. E) Posterior superior alveolar artery arises from the third part. 9- Following air sinuses open into middle meatus of nose EXCEPT : A) Sphenoidal.

B) Anterior ethmoidal.

D) Maxillary.

E) Frontal.

C) Middle ethmoidal

10- Regarding the vertebral artery, one statement is WRONG : A) Arises from the first part of the subclavian artery. B) Runs through the foramina transversorium of all cervical vertebrae. C) Enters the cranial cavity through the foramen magnum. D) Gives the spinal artery to spinal cord. E) Posterior inferior cerebellar artery arises from it. 11- Regarding glossopharyngeal nerve, one statement is WRONG : A) Superior salivary nucleus is its general visceral efferent nucleus. B) Carotid branch supplies carotid sinus. C) Muscular branch supplies stylopharyngeus. D) Send fibers to middle ear. E) Supplies posterior 1/3 of tongue. 12- Regarding the posterior triangle of neck, one statement is WRONG : A) Trapezius muscle forms the posterior boundary. B) It is divided into occipital and suoraclavicular triangles. C) Contains first part of subclavian artery. D) Spinal part of the accessory nerve lies in the occipital triangle

13- Regarding the maxillary artery, one statement is WRONG : A) Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s the larger terminal branch of the external carotid. B) Medial pterygoid muscle devides it into three parts. C) Deep auricular artery is a branch of the first part. D) Deep temporal arteris arise from the second part. E) Posterior superior alveolar artery arises from the third part. 14- Regarding the thyroid gland, one statement is WRONG : A) Posterior border is related to the parathyroid glands. B) Medial surface is related to the medial recurrent nerve. C) Inferior thyroid artery is a branch of vertebral artery. D) Superior thyroid vein opens into the internal jagular vein. E) Posterolaterally, it is related to the carotid sheath. 15- Regarding the submandibular salivary gland, one statement is WRONG : A) It has two parts superficial and deep. B) Its duct lies between the sublingual gland and genioglossus muscle. C) It opens on top of the sublingual papilla D) The whole gland lies deep to the mylohyoid muscle. E) Receives secretomotor fibers from the submandibular gland. 16- Regarding the digastric triangle, one statement is WRONG : A) Facial artery grooves the submandibular salivary gland. B) Lower part of the parotid gland is present in the posterior part. C) Superior boundary is formed of the lower border of mandible. D) Submental vessels and nerve to mylohyoid are contents. E) Stylopharyngeus muscle and posterior belly of digastric muscle form the posterior boundary of the triangle. 17- Regarding the development of digestive system, one statement is WRONG : A) The right colic flexure from the hindgut. B) The upper half of duodenum from the foregut. C) Pancreas is developed from ventral and dorsal pancreatic buds. D) Michelâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s diverticulum is a persistent of vetillo-intestinal duct. E) The gall bladder is developed from pars cystica.

18- Regarding the development of kidney, one statement is WRONG : A) Develops in the elvis and later descends. B) It rotates medially. C) Secretory part is developed from mesonephros. D) Collecting part is developed from the ureteric bud. E) Polycystic kidney is one of it anomalies. 19- Regarding the anomalies in the development of the heart, one statement is WRONG : A) Dextrocardia means heart is located in the right side of the thorax. B) Interventricular septal defect is another anomaly. C) Patent foramen oval is due to failure of development of membranous part of interventricular septum. D) pulmonary stenosis is the narrowing of pulmonary valves. E) Mitral stenosis is the narrowing of the mitral valve. 20- The following structures pass through lesser sciatic foramen EXCEPT : A) Pudendal nerve. B) Internal pudendal vessels. C) Nerve to quadratus femoris. D) Tendon of obturator internus. E) Nerve to obturator internus. 21- Regarding the femoral nerve, one statement is WRONG : A) Its root value is the ventral division of ventral rami of L2, 3 & 4. B) It lies outside the components of the femoral sheath. C) It supplies quadriceps femoris muscle. D) Saphenous nerve is its branch. E) Intermediate cutaneous nerve of thigh is one of its branches. 22- Regarding the peroneus muscle, one statement is WRONG : A) It arises from the upper two thirds of lateral surface of fibula. B) It is supplied by the superficial peroneal nerve. C) Everts the foot. D) It helps in maintaining the transverse arch of the foot. E) Inserted to the lateral cuniform bone.

23- Regarding the popliteal artery, one statement is WRONG : A) Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s the continuation of the femoral artery. B) It terminates at the lower border of popliteus. C) Lies most superficial (near the skin) near the popliteal fossa. D) Gives five genicular arteries to the knee joint. E) Divides into anterior and posterior tibial arteries. 24- Regarding the adductor canal, one statement is WRONG : A) Sartorius lies over its floor. B) Femoral vessels are its contents. C) Nerve to vastus lateralis is one of its contents. D) Saphenous nerve passes through it. E) Adductor longus and magnus form its floor. 25- Regarding the inferior extensor retinaculum of ankle, one statement is WRONG : A) It is like Y. B) Stem is attached to the superior surface calcaneum. C) Upper band is attached to the anterior border of medial malleolus. D) Lower band is attached to the planter aponeurosis. E) Lower band lies deep to the dorsalis pedis artery.

TANTA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF MEDICINE

SECOND YEAR MIDYEAR (20%) EXAMINATION

ANATOMY & EMBRYOLOGY DEPARTMENT Date: July\2009

TIME : 2 HOURS MARKS : 37.5

QUESTION (1) : (15 MARKS) Give an account on: A- Relations of posterior belly of digastric muscle. (5 MARKS) B- Arterial supply of dura mater. (4 MARKS) C- Lingual nerve. (6 MARKS) QUESTION (2) : (15 MARKS) A- Describe branches and supply of hypoglossal nerve. (5 MARKS) B- Enumerate the blood supply of pharynx. (5 MARKS) C- Illustrate the lateral wall of nose with labeled diagram. (5 MARKS) QUESTION (3) : (7.5 MARKS) Give an account on: A- Development of the urinary bladder. (4 MARKS) B- A summary for the fate of sinus venosus. (3.5 MARKS)

TANTA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF MEDICINE

SECOND YEAR FINAL ANATOMY EXAMINATION

ANATOMY & EMBRYOLOGY DEPARTMENT 17\5\2009

TOTAL TIME : 3 HOURS TOTAL MARKS : 125

QUESTION (1) (Head Questions) (15 MARKS) : 1- Give a brief account on contents and relations of cavernous sinus. (5 MARKS) C- Describe origin, insertion and action of one of the muscles of mastication. (5 MARKS) D- Enumerate the parasympathetic ganglia of the head, draw a labeled diagram showing roote, branches and supply for one of these ganglia. (5 MARKS) QUESTION (2) (Neck Questions) (20 MARKS) : A- Enumerate the structures related to the hypoglossus muscle. (8 MARKS) B- Illustrate the roof of the 4th ventricle using suitable labeled diagrams. (6 MARKS) C- Illustrate the interior of the nasopharynx by a labeled diagram. (6 MARKS) QUESTION (3) (Neuroanatomy Questions) (25 MARKS) : A- Enumerate the sensory nuclei of the trigeminal nerve, mention their sites and supply. (6 MARKS) B- Give a brief account on the sciatic nerve. (5 MARKS) C- Draw a labeled diagram for the internal capsule, illustrating the fibers which form each part of it. (12 MARKS) QUESTION (4) (Lower Limb Questions) (15 MARKS) : A- Mention origin, insertion, nerve supply and action of adductor longus. (4 MARKS) B- Give a brief account on the branches of the lateral popliteal nerve and effects of their injury. (7 MARKS) C- Enumerate the branches of dorsalis pedis artery. (4 MARKS) QUESTION (5) (Special Embryology Questions) (20 MARKS) : A- Give a short account about the congenital anomalies of the urinary bladder. (6 MARKS) B- Write a summary for the fate of the aortic arches. (7 MARKS) C- Draw labeled diagrams illustrating the development of pharyngeal pouches. (7 MARKS) QUESTION (6) (MCQ) : Choose the correct answer : (30 MARKS) : 1- These are true for the scalp EXCEPT : A) Extends from the eye brows to the superior nuchal line. B) Second layer is dense fibrous tissue. C) Third layer is epicranial aponeurosis. D) Deepest layer is periosteum.

2- These are true for buccinator EXCEPT : A) Attached to maxilla and mandible. B) Originates from the pterygomandibular raphe. C) Its middle fibers decussate. D) Covered by pharyngobasilar fascia. E) Supplied by facial nerve. 3- The trigeminal nerve supplies all these muscles EXCEPT : A) Levator veli palatine. B) Mylohyoid. C) Anterior belly of digastric. D) Temporalis. E) Tensor tympani. 4- These are true for parotid gland EXCEPT : A) Has a base direted upwards. B) Enclosed within deep fascia. C) Has 3 surfaces and 3 borders. D) Has 2 processes and accessory lobe. E) Common facial vein is formed in it. 5- These are true for pterygoid venous plexus EXCEPT : A) Situated in the infratemporal fossa. B) Drains into retro mandibular vein. C) Connects with pharyngeal plexus. D) Connects with cavernous sinus. E) Receives deep temporal veins. 6- These are true for facial artery EXCEPT : A) Arises from external carotid artery. B) Related to submandibular salivary gland. C) Curves around lower border of mandible. D) Ascends in nasolabial furrow. E) Ends by anastomosing with superior ophthalmic artery.

7- These are branches of external carotid artery EXCEPT : A) Superior thyroid artery. B) Lingual artery. C) Transverse cervical artery. D) Posterior auricular artery. E) Occipital artery. 8- These are tributaries of internal jagular vein EXCEPT : A) Inferior petrosal sinus. B) Common facial vein. C) Superior thyroid vein. D) Anterior jagular vein. E) Middle thyroid vein. 9- These structures pass between internal and external carotid arteries EXCEPT : A) Styloglossus. B) Stylopharyngeus. C) Glossopharyngeal nerve. D) Hypoglossal nerve. E) Part of parotid gland. 10- These structures open to middle meatus of nasal cavity EXCEPT : A) Frontal air sinus. B) Anterior ethmoid air sinus. C) Nasolacrimal duct. D) Maxillary air sinus. E) Middle ethmoid air sinus. 11- These nerves supply tongue EXCEPT : A) Lingual. B) Facial. C) Vagus. D) Accessory nerve. E) Hypoglossal nerve.

12- Lower border of inferior constrictor is related to: A) Superior laryngeal artery. B) Inferior laryngeal artery. C) Superior laryngeal nerve. D) Auditory tube. E) Internal laryngeal nerve. 13- These structures are present in nasopharyx EXCEPT : A) Opening of auditory tube. B) Salpingopharyngeal fold. C) Pyriform fossa. D) Tubal tonsil. E) Adenoids. 14- These are true for subclavian artery EXCEPT : A) Arises from innominate artery on right side. B) Ends at outer border of first rib. C) Crossed anteriorly by scalenus medius. D) Gives vertebral artery. E) Gives thyrocervical trunk. 15- Blood supply of spinal cord include EXCEPT : A) Two anterior spinal arteries. B) Two posterior spinal arteries. C) Arteria corona. D) Radicular arteries. E) Two posterolateral veins. 16- These are true for corticospinals tract EXCEPT : A) Arsise from precentral gyrus. B) Descend in internal capsule. C) Descend in crus cerebri. D) Descend in tegmentum of pons. E) Form pyramids in medulla oblongata.

17- Tuberculum cinerium of medulla oblongata is formed by: A) Cuneate tract and nucleus. B) Tectospinal tract. C) Inferior olivary nucleus. D) Spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve. E) Gracile tract. 18- These are true for spinal cord meninges EXCEPT : A) Pia mater ends at level of L1. B) Arachnoid mater ends at level of S2. C) Pia mater extends as filum terminal. D) Filum terminal is attached to coccyx. E) Arachnoid mater forms ligamentum debticulata. 19- The tectecospinal tract originates from: A) Superior colliculus of mid brain. B) Reticaular formation. C) Red nucleus. D) Motor area. E) Pretectal nucleus. 20- These are present in the medial surface of cerebral hemisphere EXCEPT : A) Parahippocamble gyrus. B) Paracentral lobule. C) Lingual gyrus. D) Cuneus. E) Post calcaline sulcus. 21- These are true for lentiform nucleus EXCEPT : A) One of the basal ganglia. B) Continuous anteriorly with amygdaloid body. C) Related medially to the internal capsule. D) Has three surfaces. E) Divides to 2 parts.

22- Hippocambal formation include EXCEPT : A) Hippocampus. B) Alveus. C) Fimbria. D) Crura of fornix. E) Dentate gyrus. 23- Cerebral white matter include EXCEPT : A) Corona radiate. B) Corpus callosum. C) Cingulum fasciculus. D) Hippocampal commissure. E) Commissure of inferior colliculi. 24- These are true for femoral artery EXCEPT : A) Begins at midinguinal point. B) Ends by passing through adductor canal. C) Gives three superficial branches. D) Gives two deep branches. E) Continuous as popliteal artery. 25- One of these muscles abduct and medially rotate the thigh: A) Quadratus femoris. B) Quadriceps femoris. C) Gluteus maximus. D) Biceps femoris. E) Tensor fasciae latae. 26- One of these structures is supplied by medial popliteal nerve: A) Tipialis posterior. B) Sleus. C) Flexor hallucis longus. D) Flexor digitorum longus. E) Ankle joint.

27-These are branches of popliteal artery EXCEPT : A) Sural artery. B) Anterior tibial artery. C) Posterior tibial artery. D) Posterior tibial recurrent artery. E) Muscular branches. 28- These are true for planter aponeurosis EXCEPT : A) A thickened part of deep fascia. B) Has an apex directed inferiorly. C) Has a base divided into 5 slips. D) The slips are connected by transverse ligament. E) Between the slips pass lumbrical muscles. 29- One of these muscles belongs to the third layer of foot: A) Abductor hallucis. B) Abductor digiti minimi. C) Flexor digitorum brevis. D) Flexor digiti minimi brevis. E) Flexor digitorum accessorious. 30- These are true for joints of lower limb EXCEPT : A) Hip joint allows flexion and extension. B) knee joint allows slight rotation. C) Ankle joint allows inversion and eversion. D) Superior tibiofibular joint allows sliding. E) Interphalangeal joints allow flexion and extension.

TANTA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF MEDICINE

SECOND YEAR FINAL ANATOMY EXAMINATION

ANATOMY & EMBRYOLOGY DEPARTMENT

TOTAL TIME : 3 HOURS

1\6\2008 Give an

TOTAL MARKS : 100

account on :

QUESTION (1) (Head & Neck Questions) (40 MARKS) : A- Course of lingual nerve. (8 MARKS) B- Branches of sphenopalatine ganglia. (7 MARKS) C- Relations of cavernous sinus. (6 MARKS) D- Investing fascia of neck. (6 MARKS) E- Relations of hypoglossus muscle. (5 MARKS) F- Enumerate blood supply of pharynx. (8 MARKS) QUESTION (2) (Neuroanatomy Questions) (20 MARKS) : Describe the following: A- Nuclei of vagus nerve. (5 MARKS) B- Arterial supply of spinal cord. (5 MARKS) C- Floor of fourth ventricle. (3 MARKS) D- Parts and relations of caudate nucleus. (5 MARKS) E- Mention 4 areas in the cerebral cortex and their arterial supply. (2 MARKS) QUESTION (3) (Lower Limb Questions) (20 MARKS) : A- Femoral sheath. (5 MARKS) B- Course and branches of dorsalis pedis artery. Mention its applied anatomy. (5 MARKS) C- Enumerate structures under cover of gluteus maximus. (6 MARKS) D- Popliteus muscle (attachment and action). (4 MARKS) QUESTION (4) (Special Embryology Questions) (20 MARKS) : A- Factors affect descent of the testis. (5 MARKS) B- Illustrate in table the fate of five dilatations of the heart tube. (5 MARKS) C- Rotation of the gut. (4 MARKS) D- Derivatives of the first pharyngeal pouch. (3 MARKS) E- Congenital anomalies of the limbs. (3 MARKS)

TANTA UNIVERSITY

SECOND YEAR

FACULTY OF MEDICINE

20% EXAMINATION

ANATOMY & EMBRYOLOGY DEPARTMENT

TOTAL TIME : 2 HOURS

13\2\2005

(Illustrate your answer with diagrams) QUESTION (1) : Describe the anatomy of : A- Tentorium Cerebelli . B- Extrinsic muscles of the eye. QUESTION (2) : Give an account on : A- Carotid triangle . B- Hyoglossus muscle . QUESTION (3) : Discuss the following : A- Congenital anomalies of the heart . B- Metanephros. Add a note on the congenital anomalies of the kidney .

TANTA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF MEDICINE

SECOND YEAR FINAL ANATOMY EXAMINATION

ANATOMY & EMBRYOLOGY DEPARTMENT

TOTAL TIME : 3 HOURS

19\6\2005

(Illustrate your answer with diagrams) QUESTION (1) : A- Discuss the relations of the parotid gland and mention structure within it . B- Describe the course , relations and branches of vagus nerve in the neck . C- Give an account on the muscles , nerve supply and blood supply of the tongue . QUESTION (2) : A- Describe the pathways of proprioceptive impulses from the body . B- Discuss the different parts of the internal capsule as seen in horizontal section . QUESTION (3) : A- Discuss the development and congenital anomalies of the rectum and anal canal . B- Give an account on the foetal circulation and the changes which occur at and after birth . QUESTION (4) : A- Give the anatomy of adductor canal . B- Describe the course , relations and branches of the anterior tibial artery .

TANTA UNIVERSITY

SECOND YEAR

FACULTY OF MEDICINE

20% EXAMINATION

ANATOMY & EMBRYOLOGY DEPARTMENT

TOTAL TIME : 2 HOURS

15\2\2004

(Illustrate your answer with diagrams) QUESTION (1) : Give an account on : A- Course , relations and branches of Ophthalmic artery . B- Attachment , nerve supply and action of lateral pterygoid muscle . QUESTION (2) : Describe the anatomy of : A- Scalenus anterior muscle . B- Glossopharyngeal nerve . QUESTION (3) : Give an account on : A- Development and fate of sinus venosus . B- Development and anomalies of Urinary Bladder .

TANTA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF MEDICINE ANATOMY & EMBRYOLOGY DEPARTMENT

SECOND YEAR FINAL ANATOMY EXAMINATION TOTAL TIME : 3 HOURS

26\6\2004

(Illustrate your answer with diagrams) QUESTION (1) : Give the anatomy of the following : A- Cavernous sinus . B- Submandibular salivary gland . C- Nerve supply , blood supply and lymphatics of larynx . QUESTION (2) : Mention the anatomy of the following : A- Blood supply of spinal cord . B- Corpus Callosum (Type of fibers , parts and relations) QUESTION (3) : Discuss the developmental anatomy of : A- Thyroid gland and its anomalies . B- Descent of testis . (Add a note on the factors affecting it) .

TANTA UNIVERSITY

SECOND YEAR

FACULTY OF MEDICINE

20% EXAMINATION

ANATOMY & EMBRYOLOGY DEPARTMENT

TOTAL TIME : 2 HOURS

16\2\2003

(Illustrate your answer with diagrams) QUESTION (1) : Give an account on : A- Venous and Lymphatic drainage of the face . B- Attachment , relations and action of medial and lateral pterygoid muscles . QUESTION (2) : Answer the following : A- Enumerate the derivatives of the ureteric bud of kidney and the changes after its development . B- Give an account on the development of the vagina .

TANTA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF MEDICINE ANATOMY & EMBRYOLOGY DEPARTMENT

SECOND YEAR FINAL ANATOMY EXAMINATION TOTAL TIME : 3 HOURS

19\6\2003

(Illustrate your answer with diagrams) QUESTION (1) : Describe the anatomy of : A- Branches of the posterior division of the mandibular nerve . B- Carotid triangle . C- Longitudinal muscles of pharynx . QUESTION (2) : Discuss the following : A- Development of the limbs . B- Development and anomalies of the rectum and anal canal . QUESTION (3) : Describe the anatomy of : A- The fibers components of the facial nerve . B- Relations and tela choroidea of the third ventricle .

TANTA UNIVERSITY

SECOND YEAR

FACULTY OF MEDICINE

20% EXAMINATION

ANATOMY & EMBRYOLOGY DEPARTMENT

TOTAL TIME : 2 HOURS

17\2\2002

(Illustrate your answer with diagrams) QUESTION (1) : Give an account on : A- Anatomy of the cervical sympathetic trunk . B- With diagrams only show the boundaries and subdivisions of the nasal cavity . Mention the anastomosis of Littleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s area . QUESTION (2) : Give an account on : A- Anatomy of the middle meningeal artery and its surface anatomy . B- Abducent nerve . C- Attachments , relations and nerve supply of sternomastoid muscle .

QUESTION (3) : Write a note on : A- Development of the external genitalia in the female . Mention the congenital anomalies of the urethra . B- Development and congenital anomalies of the tongue .

TANTA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF MEDICINE

SECOND YEAR FINAL ANATOMY EXAMINATION

ANATOMY & EMBRYOLOGY DEPARTMENT

TOTAL TIME : 3 HOURS

19\6\2002

(Illustrate your answer with diagrams) QUESTION (1) : Describe the anatomy of : A- Digastric muscle . B- Ophthalmic nerve and its branches . C- Only draw diagrams for the external and internal aspects of the larynx . QUESTION (2) : Mention the anatomy of : A- The insula . (Add note on the artery that lies in the lateral sulcus) B- Afferent and efferent fivers in the superior cerebellar peduncle . QUESTION (3) : Give an account on : A- Development and anomalies of the vertebral column . B- Development and anomalies of the liver and the gall bladder .

1- Lymphatic drainage of face and scalp with labeled diagram . (2010,2003) 2- Venous drainage of face and scalp with labeled diagram . (2012,2010,2009,2003,2000) 3- Nerve supply of scalp . (2006) 4- Facial artery & itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s surface & applied anatomy . (2001) 5- Relations of parotid gland . (2010,2006,2005,2000) 6- Buccinators . (2010) 7- Describe origin , insertion , action and relations of one of muscle of mastication . (2009) 8- Medial and Lateral Pterygoid muscles . (2003,2000) 9- Mention the Sympathetic & Parasympathetic nerve in infra temporal fossa & Describe origin , course and supply one of them . (2010) 10- Enumerate Parasympathetic ganglia in head and draw labeled diagram illustrating the roots , branches and supply one of these ganglia . (2009) 11- Branches of Sphenopalatine ganglion . 12- Maxillary artery . (2004,2003,2001) 13- Maxillary nerve . (2010,2002) 14- Branched of posterior division of mandibular nerve . (2003) 15- Course of lingual nerve . (2010,2008,2000) 16- Inferior Alveolar nereve . (2001) 17- Mention the movements of the Tempromandibular joint & muscle producing them . (2010) 18- Arterial supply and Nerve supply of dura matter . (2010,2001) 19- Middle meningeal artery and its surface anatomy . (2002,2000) 20- Tentorium cerebelli . (2004,2001) 21- Relations and blood supply of Pituitary gland . (2000) 22- Relations of Cavernous sinus . (2012,2009,2008,2007,2004) 23- Extrinsic muscle of the eye . (2012,2004) 24- Ophthalmic artery . (2010,2001) 25- Ophthalmic nerve and its branches . (2002) 26- Trochlear nerve . (2000) 27- Abducent nerve . (2002) 28- Describe the roots of the otic ganglion (2012) 29- Describe formation, drainage and communications of pterygoid venous plexus . (2011)

1- Investing fascia of neck . (2008) 2- Sternomastoid muscle . (2002) 3- Posterior triangle (boundaries and contents) . (2010,2002) 4- Carotid triangle . (2004,2003) 5- Digastric muscle . (2006,2002,2000) 6- Draw a labeled diagram of origin , course and branches of Facial artery in submandibular region . (2010) 7- Submandibular salivary gland . (2004,2003,2001) 8- Nerve supply of Submandibular salivary gland . (2009) 9- Beginning and tributaries of internal jugular vein . (2010,2009,2000) 10- External jugular vein . (2006) 11- Enumerate the nerve related to hyoglossus muscle , describe branches of one of these nerves passing deep to the muscle . (2010) 12- Glossopharyngeal nerve in neck & its branches . (2007,2001) 13- Vagus nerve in neck . (2005) 14- Cervical sympathetic trunk . (2002,2001) 15- Position , relations and blood supply of thyroid gland . (2003,2000) 16- Relations of Scalenus anterior muscle . (2010,2009,2006,2001) 17- Enumerate the contents of suboccipital triangle . (2010) 18- Give an account on muscles , blood supply , and nerve supply of tongue . (2005) 19- Enumerate structures related to hyoglossus muscle . (2009) 20- Relations of hyoglossus muscle . (2010,2009,2008,2004) 21- Blood supply of Pharynx . (2008) 22- Longitudinal muscles of Pharynx . (2003) . 23- Constrictors of Pharynx . (2004,2001) 24- Interior of nasopharynx . (2009) 25- Features seen at lateral wall of nasopharynx . (2010,2006)

26- Boundaries of Oropharynx . (2001) 27- Relations , blood supply and lymphatic drainage of Tonsil . (2003) 28- Lateral relations of Tonsils . (2001) 29- Arterial supply & nerve supply of lateral wall of nose . (2010,2006,2001) 30- With diagrams only show boundaries , subclavian of nasal cavity and anastomosis Littleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s area . (2002) 31- Blood supply , Nerve supply and lymph of larynx . (2009,2007,2004) 32- Cavity of larynx . (2010,2002) 33- Internal and External features of larynx . (2002) 34- Tympanic cavity . (2010,2000) 35- Nerve supply, Blood supply and lymphatic drainage of External ear . (2002,2000)

1- Arterial supply of spinal cord. (2008,2004,2001) 2- Fixation of the spinal cord. (2010) 3- Pathway of proprioceptive impulses from the body. (2005) 4- Features seen on the ventral surface of midbrain. (2010) 5- Efferent nuclei of cranial nerve of brain stem. (2001) 6- Origin, supply and functional components of the occulomotor nerve. (2010) 7- Sensory nuclei of trigeminal nerve (site and supply). (2009,2010) 8- Components of facial nerve. (2003,2000) 9- Auditory pathway. (2003) 10- Deep nuclei and functional components of glossopharyngeal nerve. (2010,2008,2000) 11- Origin and components of vagus nerve. (2008,2002) 12- Afferent and efferent components of the inferior cerebellar peduncle. (2000) 13- Afferent and efferent components of the superior cerebellar peduncle. (2002,2004) 14- Ventricles of the brain. Describe the roof of one of them. (2010) 15- Illustrate the roof of the fourth ventricle. (2009) 16- Floor of the fourth ventricle. (2008,2004,2000) 17- Relations of superior and inferior nuclei of thalamus. (2010) 18- Relations and nuclei of thalamus. (2002) 19- Relations and tela choroidea of the third ventricle. (2003) 20- Describe the anatomy of insula and the artery that lies in the lateral sulcus. (2002) 21- Mention four areas in the cerebral cortex and their arterial supply. (2008) 22- Fornix (2002) 23- Enumerate structures forming the inner and outer arches of the limbic lobe. (2000)

24- Parts and relations of caudate nucleus. (2008) 25- Relations of lentiform nucleus. (2000) 26- Draw a diagram of the internal capsule illustrating fibers which form each part of it. (2005,2008,2009) 27- Commissural fibers. (2002) 28- Corpus callosum. (2003,2004) 29- Boundarises of inferior horn of lateral ventricle. (2000) 30- Origin, course and branches of anterior cerebral artery. (2000) 31- Branches of basilar artery. (2008) 32- Describe site, formation and importance of circle of Willis.

1- Great saphenous vein. (2000) 2- Femoral triangle. (2004) 3- Origin, insertion, nerve supply and action of one of muscles share borders of femoral triangle . (2010) 4- Adductor longus muscle . (2009) 5- Enumerate gay robe muscles, mention origin and nerve supply of each. (2010) 6- Course and branches of profunda femoris artery. (2001,2002,2007,2009,2010) 7- Medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries. (2003) 8- Femoral sheath. (2008,2003) 9- Adductor canal. (2005) 10- Obturator nerve. (2005) 11- Lateral rotators of hip, origin, insertion and nerve supply. (2006) 12- Enumerate structures under cover of gluteus maximus muscle and attachment of this muscle. (2008,2004,2000) 13- Enumerate nerves seen in gluteal region and mention origin of 2 of them. (2010) 14- Sciatic nerve. (2009) 15- Relations of quadratus femoris muscle. (2003) 16- Structures passing below piriformis muscle. (2002) 17- Anastomosis on the back of the thigh. (2000) 18- Popliteal fossa. (2005,2004,2001) 19- Popliteal artery. (2002) 20- Popliteus mscule, attachment and action. (2008) 21- Intercapsular structures of knee joint. (2003) 22- Origin, insertion and action of the muscles of anterior compartment of leg. (2007) 23- Anterior tibial artery. (2005,2003) 24- Anterior tibial nerve. (2000,2003,2004) 25- Posterior tibial artery, beginning and end, draw a diagram showing branches of its largest branch in leg. (2010,2003) 26- Branches of lateral popliteal nerve and the effect of their injury. (2002,2009) 27- Enumerate the branches of dorsalis pedis artery & show its course and applied anatomy. (2008,2009,2003)

28- Course, relations and branches of lateral planter nerve. (2010) 29- Planter nerves. (2000) 30- Draw a diagram showing branches of lateral planter nerve. (2010) 31- Superior externsor retinaculum. (2006) 32- Mention attachments and superficial relations of inferior extensor retinaculum. (2010,2001,2006) 33- Mention the name, nerve supply and action of the muscles of 1st layer of sole foot. (2009)

A) Urogenital system: 1- Derivatives of mesonephros duct in male. (2010) 2- Discuss mesoneohros & add notes on the congenital anomalies in kidney. (2005) 3- Write short notes on the ureteric bud. (2003) 4- Enumerate the derivatives of the ureteric bud of the kidney and the changes after its development. (2003) 5- Describe the development of metanephric cap (in brief). (2010) 6- Congenital anomalies of the kidney. (2001) 7- Give an account on the development and anomalies of the urinary bladder. (2004,2009) 8- Mention the developmental origin of different parts of urinary bladder. (2002,2010) 9- Congenital anomalies of the urinary bladder. (2009) 10- Discuss the development of paramesonephric duct. (2001)

11- Mention the derivatives of paramesonephric duct in female. (2010) 12- Describe the development of uterus and its anomalies. ( 2004) 13- Give an account on the development of female genital tracts. (2010) 14- Give an account on the development of the vagina. (2003) 15- Descent of the testis and add a note on the factors affecting it. (2004) 16- Factors affecting descent of testis. (2008) 17- Congenital anomalies of the testis. (2009) 18- Enumerate anomalies of the female genital tract. (2001) 19- Development of the female external genitalia and add a note on the anomalies of urethra. (2002) 20- Congenital anomalies of urethra. (2002)

B) Cardiovascular system: 1- Development and fate of sinus venosus. (2004) 2- Summary for the fate of sinus venosus. (2002,2009,2010) 3- Write short notes about components of the left ventricle. (2010) 4- Illustrate in a table the fate of the five dilatations of heart tube. (2008) 5- Discuss the congenital anomalies of the heart. (2002,2005) 6- Enumerate the anomalies of interatrial septum. (2010) 7- Write a summary for the fate of the aortic arches. (2001,2003,2009)

8- Fate of cardinal veins. (2009) 9- Give an account on foetal circulation & describe changes occurring in vascular system at and after birth. (2005) 10- Changes in the vascular system at and after birth. (2000) 11- Mention changes in the vascular system after birth. (2010)

C) Digestive System: 1- Give an account on the development and anomalies of the stomach. (2008) 2- Congenital anomalies of the stomach. (2008) 3- Development and anomalies of the liver and gall bladder. (2002) 4- Give an account on development and anomalies of pancreas. (2000) 5- Discuss the rotation of the gut. (2008) 6- Anomalies of the primary intestinal loop. (2010) 7- Write short notes on development of anal canal. (2010) 8- Discuss the development and congenital anomalies of the rectum and anal canal. (2001,2003,2005)

D) Branchial apparatus: 1- Write short notes on mesodermal derivatives of the second pharyngeal arch. (2009) 2- Derivatives of the first pharyngeal pouch. (2008) 3- Fate of pharyngeal pouches. (2000) 4- Draw labeled diagrams illustrating the development of pharyngeal pouches. (2009) 5- Development and anomalies of the tongue. (2001,2002,2004) 6- Development and anomalies of the palate. (2001) 7- Give an account on the congenital anomalies of the face. (2000)

E) Endocrine glands: 1- Development and anomalies of the thyroid glands. (2003,2004,2008) 2- Write short notes about congenital anomalies of the thyroid gland. (2010) 3- Give an account on the congenital anomalies of the thyroid gland. (2004) 4- Development of suprarenal gland. (2000)

D) Skeletal System: 1- Give an account of development and anomalies of the vertebral column. (2002) 2- Development and anomalies of the vertebral arch. (2010) 3- Congenital anomalies of the vertebral column. (2002)

Tanta University Faculty of Medicine Department of Physiology Examination for (2nd Year)

Time Allowed :

Course Title : Physiology

Three Hours

Total Assessment Marks : 125

Term : Final Date : 6/6/2012

I- Central nervous system : (35 Marks) Q1-a) Explain : Adaptation of the receptors definition,(1 Mark), mechanisms (3 Marks) and classify the receptors according to thei rate of adaptation (3 Marks) . b) Define : Aphasia & enumerate its types . (3 Marks) Q2-a) Compare between occlusion and summation . (2 Marks) b) Describe and explain the motor effects of hemorrhage involving the posterior limb of internal capsule . (8 Marks) Q3- Write short notes on : a) Pain control at the spinal cord level . (2 Marks) b) Headache definition, mechanisms and causes of intracranial headache . (8 Marks) Q4- Define : Ataxia (1 Marks) and discuss the causes and characters of one type it . (4 Marks)

II- Endocrine : (25 Marks) Q1-a) Compare between T3 and T4 . (5 Marks) b) Describe control of insulin hormone secretion . (5 Marks) Q2-a) Discuss : The roles of different hormones affecting the development, growth & proper functioning of the mammary gland . (6 Marks) b) A married lady 25 years old had amenorrhea for 6 weeks : What is the first possibility to think ? (2 Marks). Describe one test for examination of this case . (2 Marks) Q3-a) Define : Tetany & enumerate its types . (2 Marks) b) Enumerate manifestations of dwarfism . (3 Marks)

III- Special senses : (20 Marks) Q1-a) Compare between central and peripheral vision . (5 Marks) b) Draw and label diagram to show the nervous pathway of the papillary light reflex . What is the clinical importance of examining this reflex . (5 Marks) Q2- Explain : a) Theories of hearing . (5 Marks) b) Factors affecting taste sensation . (5 Marks) IV- Digestive system : (15 Marks) Q1- Explain : The functions of bile salts . (5 Marks) Q2- Describe : The different phases of deglutition . (5 Marks) Q3- Write short note on : a) Enterogastric reflex . (3 Marks) b) Cholagogues . (2 Marks) V- Kidney : (15 Marks) Q1- Give in short note factors affecting glomerular filtration rate . (5 Marks) Q2- Explain : The role of kidney in maintaining acid-base balance . (5 Marks) Q3- Mention in short what happens to filtered bicarbonate in the nephron during normal state of metabolism . (5 Marks) VI- Metabolism : (15 Marks) Q1- Compare between heat gain and heat loss (centers and mechanisms) . (10 Marks) Q2- Define : excess RQ and indicate its significance . (5 Marks)

Tanta University Faculty of Medicine Department of Physiology Examination for (2nd Year)

Time Allowed :

Course Title : Physiology

Three Hours

Total Assessment Marks : 125

Term : Final Date : 10/7/2011

I- Central nervous system : (35 Marks) Q1-a) Explain : Referred pain, definition (1 Mark) and its mechanisms (6 Marks), Illustrate your answer with diagram (1 Mark) . b) Examples of referred pain . (2 Marks) Q2- A man 50 years old has a mask face , static tremors , shuffing gait : a) Mention the name of the disease (1 Mark) , its causes (1 Mark) & type of rigidity he suffers from (1 Mark) . b) Functions of basal ganglia (7 Marks) . Q3- Write short notes on : a) Recruitment of the receptors (2 Marks) . b) Functions of premotor area 6 (8 Marks) . Q4- In a normal subject, the central delay of a given reflex response was found to be 1.5ms. Is it likely that the response is mediated by monosynaptic or polysynaptic pathway ? Explain your answer (2 Marks) with definition of total reflex time (1 Mark) , cranial delay (1 Mark) and synaptic delay (1 Mark) .

II- Endocrine : (25 Marks) Q1-a) Define tetany, mention its causes and types (5 Marks) . b) Describe the control of secretion of aldosterone hormone (5 Marks) . Q2- Discuss : a) Menstrual cycle (8 Marks) . b) How can you diagnose ovulatory cycle (2 Marks) .

Q3- Explain : a) The effects of lesion of posterior pituitary gland (2 Marks) . b) The metabolic effects of thyroid hormones (3 Marks) . III- Special senses : (20 Marks) Q1- Mention : a) Changes occurs during light adaptation (5 Marks) . b) 5 causes of mydriasis (5 Marks) . Q2- Explain each of the following : a) Intensity discrimination of the sound by the ear (5 Marks) . b) Olfactory adaptation definition and its mechanism (2 Marks) . c) Significance of attenuation reflex (3 Marks) . IV- Digestive system : (15 Marks) Q1- Mention the functions of HCL (5 Marks) . Q2- Explain : a) The site of occurrence of antiperstalsis (2 Marks) . b) Functions of large intestine (3 Marks) . Q3- A female patient aged 40 years, her complaint: colic pain in upper right part of abdomen, physical sign : intense yellow color skin and part of conjunctiva, brown color of urine, pale greasy stool with bad odor . X-ray : received a stone in common bile duct at the junction with the duodenum that obstructing both common bile duct and pancreatic duct . Answer the following : a) Mention the diagnosis of this case ? (1 Mark) . b) Why the yellow color of the skin was intense in this condition (1 Mark) . c) What is the cause of clay color of stool in this case ? (1 Mark) . d) What are the effects of obstruction of pancreatic ducts ? (2 Marks)

V- Kidney : (15 Marks) Q1- Define : a) Glomerular filtration rate, what is its normal value (1 Mark) . b) Tubular transport maximum for glucose , what its significance (1 Mark) . c) The renal fraction, what its normal range (1 Mark) . d) Diuresis , and diuretics (1 Mark) . e) Aquaporin and its types (1 Mark) . Q2- Explain how can the kidney keep its blood flow and its filtration rate within normal range during certain range of arterial blood pressure (5 Marks) . Q3- Mention in short Na+ handling all over the tubules (5 Marks) . VI- Metabolism : (15 Marks) Q1- Fever, definition, causes and its mechanism (10 Marks) . Q2- RQ definition and enumerate factors decrease it below 0.7 (5 Marks) .

Tanta University Faculty of Medicine Department of Physiology Examination for (2nd Year)

Time Allowed :

Course Title : Physiology

Three Hours

Total Assessment Marks : 125

Term : Final Date : 7/6/2010

1-a) Give short account on : Headache , types amd causes of each type . (10 Marks) b) Mention : Functions of area 6 . 2- Coetaneous pain : Nature , character , pathway and body reaction (illustrate your answer with diagram) . (10 Marks) 3-a) Mention the role of hypothalamus in regulation of endocrine gland secretion . (5 Marks) b) Parkinsonsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s disease : Causes and manifestations . (10 Marks) 4- Enumerate the endocrinal diseases associated with hyperglycemia. What is the mechanism of hyperglycemia in each disease of them ? (10 Marks) 5- Give an account on : Lactation and its hormonal control . (10 Marks) 6-a) Give short account on : Function of loop of Henle . (5 Marks) b) Write short notes on micturition disturbances . (5 Makrs) 7-a) What is meant by oxygenation dept, its measurement and factors affecting it ?(5 Marks) b) Explain the thermoregulatory response upon exposure to cold environment . (10 Marks) 8- Discuss : Mechanism of exocrine pancreatic secretion . (10 Marks) 9- Describe the different phases of deglutition . (10 Marks) 10-a) Mention the causes of corneal transparency , give an account on corneal reflex pathway and it significance . (10 Marks) b) Give short account on : Nervous pathway of taste, what are the primary tastes and their distribution . (10 Marks)

Tanta University Faculty of Medicine Department of Physiology Examination for (2nd Year)

Time Allowed :

Course Title : Physiology

Three Hours

Total Assessment Marks : 125

Term : Final Date : 5/8/2010

1- Give short account on : Sensory coding and enumerate properties of the receptors potential . (10 Marks) 2-a) Define : Occlusion, Vertigo, Ataxia, Aphasia and Cutaneous hyperalgesia . (5 Marks) b) Mention 5 effects of lesion of posterior limb of internal capsule . (5 Marks) 3- A child suffers from loss of pain & temperature on both sides in the upper half of the Body (Jacket sensory loss), while fine touch & proprioceptive sensation are not lost . I) Mention the name of this condition and explain the cause . (5 Marks) II) Discuss pain control or analgesia system . (10 Marks) 4- Ahmed is 22 years old, yet his height are 100 cms. What are the possible endocrine causes and how to differentiate between them ? (10 Marks) 5- Give an account on : Progesterone hormone cellular mechanism of action, control of secretion and its physiological actions . 6-a) Describe and explain the effect of raising the mean arterial blood pressure from 80 to 160 mmHg on renal blood flow . (Illustrate your answer with diagram) . (10 Marks) b) Enumerate and explain the successive reflexes occurring as a result of the rise in the Urinary bladder internal pressure . (5 Marks) 7-a) Define : Basal metabolic rate, Specific dynamic action of food, Excess respiratory quotient, Physiological heat value of food and mechanical efficiency . (5 Marks) b) Define obesity and state its causes and types . (10 Marks) 8-a) Mention 5 functions of large intestine . (5 Marks) b) Differentiate between Histamine and Insulin tests for gastric functions . (5 Marks) 9- Write short notes on : Functions of gall bladder and explain the mechanism of evacuation. (10 Marks) 10-a) Define accommodation of the eye to near vision. Explain its mechanisms. (10 Marks) b) Evidences of Helmholtz theory of hearing . (10 Marks)

Tanta University Faculty of Medicine Department of Physiology Examination for (2nd Year)

Time Allowed :

Course Title : Physiology

One Hour

Total Assessment Marks : 37.5

Term : February 15% Examination Date : 28/2/2010

Complete the following :

(25 Marks)

I- Central nervous system: 1- Adaptation of receptors means --------------------------------------------------------. 2- Mechanisms of adaptation are: a) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. b) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. c) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. 3- Gracile tract carries fine touch from ------------------------------- of the body, while cuneate tract carries the same sensation from ------------------------------- of the body. From the gracile and cuneate nuclei axon crosses to the opposite side to form -------------------------, then ascend as -------------------------- and terminate in ----------------------- of the thalamus. 4- Mention two differences between protopathic and epicritic sensations: a) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. b) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. 5- Subconscious proprioceptive sensation is -------------------------------------------Carried by: a) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. b) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. II- Kidney: 6- Define glomerular filtration rate (GFR) -----------------------------------------------------------. It equals ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. 7- In the proximal convoluted tubule sodium transport through the basolateral borders of the cells occurs by ------------------------------------ mechanism, while glucose transport the laminal brush border occurs by a mechanism called ------------------------------. 8- Determine the osmolality of the tubular fluid at the end of each of the following segments of nephrons: a) Proximal convoluted tubules ------------------------------------------------------. b) Descending limb of loop of Henle -----------------------------------------------. c) Thick ascending loop of Henle ---------------------------------------------------. 9- In inulin clearance test if plasma inulin equals 0.2mg/ml, urinary inulin equals 12mg/ml and urine flow equals 2ml/minute. The GFR= --------------------------------------------------------.

10- Autoregulation of renal blood flow means --------------------------------------------------------. Mention the names of these mechanisms: a) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. b) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. c) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. III- Endocrine: 11- Melatonin hormone is synthesized in the --------------------------------from amino acid -------------------------. Its functions are: a) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. b) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. 12- Exposure to -------------------- reduces and exposure to ----------------------- enhances melatonin formation. 13- Hyper-insulinism means ---------------------------------------------------------------. Its clinical features are:a) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. b) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. 14- Dwarfism it is caused by ---------------------------------------------------------------. 15- Mention two clinical features of Dwarfism:a) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. b) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. IV- Special senses: 16- Mention two causes of visual acuity of the fovea centralis: a) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. b) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. 17- Bitemporal hemianopia is due to ------------------------------------------------------. While lesion at the optic tract cause --------------------------------------------------. 18- Explain: a) The cause and correction of hypermetropia --------------------------------------. b) The cause of blind spot in the normal visual field of vision: ----------------------------------------------------------. Why we donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t feel it? -------------------------------------------------------------------------. 19- Argyll-Robertson pupil is due to: ----------------------------------------------------. In this condition pupillary light reflex is ----------------, while accommodation for near vision ------------------------------. 20- During dark adaptation the pupil ---------------------------------- and the retinal sensitivity to light is ------------------------------------------------------------------.

Choose the most probable answer:

(7.5 Marks)

1- Slow pain is: A. Carried by A-delta fibers. B. Carried by A-beta fibers. C. Carried by C-fibers. D. Reaches sensory cortex. E. Well localized than fast pain. 2- The receptor potential: A. Graded response. B. All or non response. C. Less than the action potential in duration. D. Caused by entry of Ca++. E. None of the above. 3- Discrimination of locality of sensation depends on: A. Frequency of actions reaching the cortex. B. Intensity of the stimulus. C. Number of receptors stimulated. D. Law of projection. E. Presence of specific pathway for each sensation. 4- Primary hyperalgesia is due to: A. Convergence. B. Convergence projection mechanism. C. Facilitation along the pathway. D. Hypersensitivity of the receptors. E. Reverberating circuits. 5- Reabsorption of proteins by renal tubules: A. Occurs in the proximal tubule. B. Takes place by pinocytosis. C. Leaves the tubular fluid protein free at the end of the proximal tubule. D. May recover up to 30 grams of protein filtered per day. E. All of the above. 6- In chronic renal failure: A. Patients excrete small volumes of urine. B. Plasma potassium level is decreased. C. There is metabolic alkalosis. D. Blood urea and serum creatinine are normal. E. Patients cannot concentrate urine. 7- The juxtaglomerular apparatus secretes: A. Angiotensinogen. B. Renal erythropoietic factor. C. Renin D. Aldosterone. E. Antidiuretic hormone.

8- Which of the following substances is NOT actively reabsorbed through the tubular epithelial cells: A. Glucose. B. Amino acids. C. Potassium ions. D. Phosphate ions. E. Urea. 9- Hypothalamic hormones: A. Are steroid hormones. B. Control the secretion of the hormones of the two lobes of the pituitary. C. Control the secretions of the endocrine pancreas. D. Function as releasing hormones. E. Their release is controlled by negative feed-back mechanisms. 10- In the islets of Langerhans: A. Beta-cells secrete glucagons. B. Theta-cells secrete GIP. C. Delta-cells secrete somatostatin. D. Alpha-cells secrete insulin E. C-cells secrete C-peptide. 11- The most probable cause for dehydration in a diabetic patient is: A. Osmotic duresis. B. Excessive sweating. C. Lake of ADH. D. Renal glusosuria. E. Diarrhoea. 12- A 40-years old woman comes to the emergency room with a fracture of the neck of the femur. Radiographs reveal generalized demineralization of the bone in this area. Her plasma calcium ion concentration is significantly greater than normal, 15mg/dl. Which of the following conditions is consistent with this presentation? A. Osteomalacia. B. Rickets. C. The anterior pituitary is removed. D. Hyperparathyroidism. E. Renal failure. 13- The cones in the eyes: A. Are responsible for colour vision. B. Are more sensitive to light than rods. C. Are associated with lower visual acuity than the rods. D. Their function is more impaired than that of the rods by vitamin A deficiency. E. They are more at the periphery of retina. 14- In myopia (short sight): A. The eye ball is longer than normal. B. Biconvex lens corrects the defect. C. Near vision is more seriously affected than distant vision. D. Circular object tend to appear oval. E. The cornea is oblique in shape.

15- A patient with vitamin A deficiency suffers from: A. Decrease in daylight vision. B. Lens changes. C. Loss of colour vision. D. Decrease in the amount of retinene. E. Increased sensitivity of the receptors. State whether True (T) or False (F):

(5 Marks)

1- Sensory signals that require rapid transmission travel predominantly in the dorsal column system. 2- Non specific thalamic nuclei control arousal and wakefulness through their connection with reticular activating system. 3- The diameter of the afferent fiber is important in coding the intensity of sensation. 4- The adrenal cortex produces aldosterone mainly in its zona reticularis. 5- In the case of gigantism excssive secretion of growth hormone occurs after puberty. 6- Myxoedema is characterized by low serum cholesterol. 7- The glomerular capillary pressure is normally about 3-5mmHg. 8- The micturition reflex is accompanied by contraction of the abdominal wall muscles and relaxation of pelvic floor. 9- Constriction of the pupil decreases the depth of focus. 10- The ciliary muscle of the eye is responsible for increasing refractive power of the lens.

Tanta University Faculty of Medicine Department of Physiology Examination for (2nd Year)

Time Allowed :

Course Title : Physiology

One Hour

Total Assessment Marks : 37.5

Term : 15% Examination Date : 21/7/2010

Give short account on the followings : 1- Explain 3 effects of lesion of posterior quadrant of spinal cord . (3 Marks) 2- Coetaneous hyperalgesia , definition , types and mechanisms . (5 Marks) 3- Define : Diabetes insipidus & Cretinism . (2.5 Makrs) 4- Mention 3 functions of sertoli cells . (3 Marks) 5- Significance of plasma clearance . (5 Marks) 6- Write the equitation of excess RQ and mention its significance . (5 Marks) 7- Mention 4 functions of HCl . (4 Marks) 8- Mention the site of occurrence and the significance of antiperistalsis . (3.5 Marks) 9- Explain attenuation reflex . (3 Marks) 10- Define binocular vision and mention its requirement . (3.5 Marks)

Tanta University Faculty of Medicine Department of Physiology Examination for (2nd Year)

Time Allowed :

Course Title : Physiology

One and Half Hour

Total Assessment Marks : 37.5

Term : February 20% Examination Date : 23/2/2009

Complete the following :

Each system (5 Marks)

I- Central nervous system: A- Stimulus intensity discrimination by the sensory cerebral cortex depends on: a) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------B- Conscious kinesthetic sensation includes ----------------------------------------------------------, the tract transmitting these sensations is ---------------------------------------------------. C- Fast pain is characterized by: a) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------c) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------d) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------D- Referred pain is defined as ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. An example of referred pain is ------------------------------. E- The primary somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex acts as a center for: a) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------c) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------d) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------F- Tabes Dorsalis is defined as --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. Manifestations of Tabes Dorsalis are: a) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------c) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------d) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------II- Kidney: A- Renal fraction is defined as --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------, while filtration fraction is defined as --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. The osmolality of the tubular fluid at the end of thick ascending loop of Henle ------------------------

2- Causes of medullary interstitium hyper-osmolarity are:a) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------c) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------d) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3- In the proximal convoluted tubule hydrogen ion secretion is -------------------------------, while sodium ion reabsorption from the lumen through the brush border to inside of the cell is -------------------------------------------------------------------. 4- TMG is defined as ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. Its value equals -------------------. Its significance is ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. 5- Effect of deafferentation of urinary bladder: a) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. b) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. c) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. d) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. III- Endocrine: 1- Cellular mechanism of action of the thyroid hormones:a) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. b) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. c) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. 2- Specific thyroid function tests are:a) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. b) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. 3- Types of cells in islets of Langerhans are:a) ---------------------------, about-----------------------------, secrete---------------------------. b) ---------------------------, about-----------------------------, secrete---------------------------. c) ---------------------------, about-----------------------------, secrete---------------------------. d) ---------------------------, about-----------------------------, secrete---------------------------. 4- Blood and cardiovascular changes in Cushingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s syndrome: a) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. b) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. c) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. 5- Functions of aldosterone are: a) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. b) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. c) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

IV- Digestive: 1- Evidences of salivary secretion is an active process are:a) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------c) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------d) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------e) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------V- Special senses: 1- Functions of the aqueous humour: a) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. b) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. c) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. d) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. 2- Changes that occur in the eye during accommodation: a) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. b) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. c) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. 3- The significance of corneal reflex: a) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. b) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. 4- The ciliary muscle is --------------------- in myopic patient, this is because ----------------------------------------------------------------. This myopia is corrected by------------------------------------. Choose the most probable answer: 1. The receptor potential: A. Can be blocked by narcotics. B. Is an all or none response of the receptor. C. Can be recorded from pacinian corpuscles only. D. Amplitude can be increased by increasing stimulus intensity. E. Has a definite absolute refractory period. 2. The following sensation(s) is/are conveyed by the dorsal-columns system of spinal cord: A. Pain and temperature from the same side. B. Pressure and crude touch from the opposite side. C. Two points discrimination from the opposite side. D. Vibration from the opposite side. E. Position sense from the same side.

Answer

3. Primary hyperalgesia has all the following characteristics EXCEPT: A. Pain threshold is lowered. B. Is accompanied with vasodilatation. C. Occurs in the presence of tissue injury. D. Occurs as a result of central facilitation. E. Is seen in the region of the flare. 4. Headache can be produced by all the following EXCEPT: A. Mechanical damage to the parietal cortex. B. Dilatation of intracranial blood vessels. C. The presence of blood in the cerebrospinal fluid. D. Loss of CSF during lumbar puncture. E. Chronic constipation. 5. In the distal tubule: A. 10% of filtered glucose is absorbed. B. The tubular fluid is made hypertonic. C. The presence of blood in the cerebrospinal fluid. D. Aldosterone decreases water reabsorbion. E. Aldosterone stimulates K+ reabsorbtion. 6. Urea: A. Is completely reabsorbed in the proximal tubules. B. Its plasma clearance is equal to that of inulin. C. Is concentrated in the medullary interstitium. D. Is filtered and actively reabsorbed. E. Its plasma clearance is a measure of renal blood flow. 7. Glomerular filtration rate is: A. Increased following loss of 1.0L of blood. B. Decreased when the afferent arterioles constrict. C. Measured clinically by the PAH clearance test. D. Increased when intercapsular pressure increased. E. Greatly decreased by lowering the blood pressure to a 10mmHg. 8. The actions of one of the following hormones is mediated via cAMP: A. Aldosterone. B. Oestradiol. C. Triiodothyronine. D. Tetraiodothyronine. E. Glucagon. 9. Cretinism is characterized by: A. Average skeletal growth. B. Anxious looking face. C. Delayed closure of epiphysis of long bone. D. Delayed walking. E. Normal speech development.

10. Crtisol: A. Pain threshold is lowered. B. Is accompanied with vasodilatation. C. Occurs in the presence of tissue injury. D. Occurs as a result of central facilitation. E. Is seen in the region of the flare. 11. In type I (Juvenile) diabetes mellitus there is: A. Tendency to gain weight. B. Decreased fat mobilization. C. Insulin resistance. D. Decreased insulin receptors. E. Diminished secretion of insulin. 12. The following events occur in normal swallowing EXCEPT: A. Soft palate rises. B. The larynx moves upward. C. Vocal cords approximate to each other. D. The epiglottis moves upwards. E. Upper oesophageal sphincter is relaxed. 13. The following statements are true in relation to saliva EXCEPT: A. Has important lubricating action. B. Has antiseptic action. C. Contains an enzyme which is essential for complete digestion of starch. D. Maintains mouth pH around 7. E. Helps in speech. 14. Hypermetropia is characterized by: A. Oblong shape of cornea, B. Retinal image which falls in front of the retina. C. Long antero-posterior diameter of the eyeball. D. Improved with presbyopia. E. permanent contraction of the ciliary muscle to increase the dioptric power of the lens. 15. In the refracting system of the eye: A. The cornea causes more refraction than the lens. B. More refraction occurs at the inner surface of the cornea than at its outer surface. C. The lens can double the refractive power of the eye during accommodation in a young adult. D. The back surface of the lens contributes more accommodation than the front. E. The total refractive power of the eye is about 35 dioptres.

State whether True (T) or False (F): 1- The distance by which 2 touch stimuli must be separated to be perceived as 2 separate stimuli is greatest on the lips. 2- Chorea and athetosis one of the manifestation of thalamic syndrome. 3- Micturition is a feeling of urgency (desire) arises when the bladder contains 60 ml of urine. 4- Any substance which is filtered by the glomeruli and secreted but not reabsorbed by the renal tubules will have a renal clearance equal to glomerular filtration rate. 5- In hypoadrenalism (Addisonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s disease) there is decreased skin pigmentation. 6- The effect of glucagon hormone include glycogenolysis in muscle. 7- The saliva from keeping the pH of the mouth from becoming acidic, prevents the decalcification of teeth. 8- On the function of upper oesophageal sphincter prevent aerophagia. 9- When light is directed to one eye the pupil on that side constricts and the opposite pupil dilates. 10- Second and fourth stage anesthesia produce mydriasis.

Tanta University Faculty of Medicine Department of Physiology Examination for (2nd Year)

Time Allowed :

Course Title : Physiology

Three Hours

Total Assessment Marks : 125

Term : Final Date : 17/6/2009

1) Functions of the receptors, explain the generator potential and the difference between receptor potential and action potential . (10 Marks) 2) Functions of interneuron, illustrate your answer with diagram . (10 Marks) 3) Effects of lesion of posterior limb of internal capsule . (10 Marks) 4) A- Draw and label caudate circuit and its function . (5 Marks) B- Effects of stimulation of semicircular canal . (5 Marks) 5) A- Parathormone , cellular mechanism of its action , functions and control of its secretion . (10 Marks) B- Factors affecting spermatogenesis . (10 Marks) . 6) A- Starling forces on glomerular filtration and factors affecting glomerular filtration rate . (10 Marks) . B- Sodium reabsorption all over the tubule . (5 Marks) 7) A- Specific dynamic action of food , definition , factors affecting it and possible causes . (10 Marks) . 8) Mechanism of secretion of HCl and its functions . (10 Marks) . 9) Functions of gall bladder and the mechanism of its evacuation . (10 Marks) 10) A- Changes occur during light adaptation . (5 Marks) B- Auditory coding . (5 Marks) C- Factors affecting taste sensation . (5 Marks)

Tanta University Faculty of Medicine Department of Physiology Examination for (2nd Year)

Time Allowed :

Course Title : Physiology

Three Hours

Total Assessment Marks : 125

Term : Final Date : 13/8/2009

1) Efeects of hemisection of the spinal cord (Brown sequard syndrome) . (10 Marks) 2) Pain analgesia system , illustrate your answer with diagrams . (10 Marks) 3) Supraspinal centers affecting the stretch reflex , illustrate your answer with diagrams . (10 Marks) 4) A- Differentiate between motor and reflex tetanus . (5 Marks) B- Aphasia: definition and types . (5 Marks) 5) Types and clinical features of diabetes mellitus and its function test . (10 Marks) 6) A- Estrogen hormone , cellular mechanism of its action , functions and control of its secretion . (10 Marks) B- Functions of Aldosterone hormone . (5 Marks) 7) A- Role of kidney in hemorrhage . (5 Marks) B- Functions of the Urinary bladder . (10 Marks) 8) A- Basal metabolic rate , definition and factors affecting it . (10 Marks) B- Blood changes during starvation . (5 Marks) 9) A- Mechanisms of gastric secretion . (10 Marks) B- Sites , origin and functions of antiperistaltic movement . (5 Marks) 10) A- Binocular vision , definition , requirement and its advantages . (5 Marks) B- Functions of the ossicles . (5 Marks) C- Factors affecting taste sensation . (5 Marks)

Tanta University Faculty of Medicine Department of Physiology Examination for (2nd Year)

Time Allowed :

Course Title : Physiology

One Hour

Total Assessment Marks : 37.5

Term : February 15% Examination Date : 21/7/2009

Give an account on the following : 1- Sensory coding . (5 Marks) 2- Coetaneous hyperalgesia , definition , types and mechanisms . (5 Marks) 3- Metabolic function of thyroid hormone . (2.5 Marks) 4- Causes of tetany . (3.5 Marks) 5- Significance of plasma clearance . (5 Marks) 6- Respiratory Exchange ratio (RQ) , definition and its significance . (5 Marks) 7- Vomiting : definition , mechanism and causes . (3 Marks) 8- Functions of large intestine . (3.5 Marks) 9- Function of the cornea . (2.5 Marks) 10- Deafness , definition and types . (2.5 Marks)

Tanta University Faculty of Medicine Department of Physiology Examination for (2nd Year)

Time Allowed :

Course Title : Physiology

Three Hours

Total Assessment Marks : 125

Term : Final Date : 24/6/2008

Q1 : Mention the definition & Significance of : (12 Marks) a) Respiratory quotient (R.Q.) b) O2 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; dept . c) Plasma clearance . Q2 : What is the visual activity ? (10 Marks) Enumerate changes that occur during dark adaptation then Explain Why ??? a) Rats adapt for night life & Chicken adapt for day life ? b) Radiologist wears red glasses in his job ? Q3 : Enumerate factors affecting taste sensation ? Mention pathway of taste , taste reflexes and adaptation . (10 Marks) Q4 : Enumerate functions of Gastric HCL . (10 Marks) a) Mention cellular mechanism of HCL secretion . b) Mention the mechanism & Significance of Post prandial Alkaline tide ? Q5 : Explain : (12 Marks) a) Cellular mechanism of action of thyroid hormone . b) Adrenogenital syndrome . c) Hyper Insulinism . Q6 : (10 Marks) a) Explain thermal , dietary & environmental factors affecting spermatogenesis . b) Enumerate testicular function test .

Q7 : Explain only : (15 Marks) a) 5 Functions of basal ganglia . b) 5 Characters of Cerebellar ataxia . c) 5 Manifestations of Tabes dorsalis . Q8 : Mention manifestations of lesion of : (8 Marks) a) Posterolateral Ventral nucleus of Thalamus . b) Motor area 6 . Q9 : Enumerate brain stem sensory lemnisci . Give the origin , termination % functions of each Lemniscus . Mention effects of complete section of each . (8 Marks) Q10 : The Kidney is one site of Carbonic anhydrase , Mention other site of Carbonic anhydrase & Explain physiological processes of C.A at these sites . (10 Marks) Q11 : Multiple Choice Questions . (20 Marks)

Tanta University Faculty of Medicine Department of Physiology Examination for (2nd Year)

Time Allowed :

Course Title : Physiology

Three Hours

Total Assessment Marks : 125

Term : Final Date : 21/8/2008

Q1 : Explain : (10 Marks) A) Mechanism of synthesis & control of pancreatic Na bicarbonate . B) What is the choleretic & cholagogues ? . Mention effect of ligation common bile duct on hemostasis & digestive functions . Q2 : (10 Marks) Mention : chemical structure , cellular mechanism(s) & action of four hormones acting on mammary gland . What is the effect of hypothalamic lesion on mammary gland ? Q3 : Give the definition & mechanism(s) Of : (10 Marks) A) Acupuncture role in pain .

B) Thalamic hyperpathia .

C) Pryexia .

D) Macular sparing .

Q4 : Give the definition Of : (10 Marks) Tract – Pathway – Association area . Mention the receptors , mechanisms of stimulation & pathways of kinesthetic sensation . What is the effect of lesion to tract & association area ? Q5 : Mention the effect of : (10 Marks) A) Vitamin A deficiency on visual function .

B) Lack of oxytocin hormone .

C) Lesion of caudate nucleus Q6 : Mention the definition , causes and manifestations of : (10 Marks) Parkinsonism – Diabetes insipidus Q7 : (15 Marks) At the end of the film , you suddenly leave the cinema to out side at noon & cold weather , Describe your body changes that occur in this condition . What is your knowledge to avoid these changes ???

Q8 : (10 Marks) A) Give the definition of : Digestion – Metabolism – Kilocalorie – Respiratory Exchange Ration . B) Enumerate pancreatic and gastric polypeptide enzymes , activation , substrate & end products . C) Diet of 100 gm proteins , 300 gm fats & 400 gm carbohydrates . Mention the calorie value of this diet during the first five hours of digestion . Q9 : (10 Marks) A) Give the definition of : Menopause – Amenorrhea – Eunchism B) Mention : One endocrinal disorder associated with amenorrhea & hyperglycemia . C) Mention : CNS , Blood , & Skin manifestations of this disorder . – How to test it ? Q10 : (10 Marks) A) Urethral sphincter , innervation & pathway of pain sensation . B) Mention : Micturition disorders at complete section of spinal cord at level of first and last sacral segments . Q11 : Multiple Choice Questions . (20 Marks)

Tanta University Faculty of Medicine Department of Physiology Examination for (2nd Year)

Time Allowed :

Course Title : Physiology

Three Hours

Total Assessment Marks : 125

Term : Final Date : 16/5/2007

All Questions to be answered 10 Marks for each one 1- Muscle tone and supra-spinal centers affecting it . 2- Cutaneous hyperalgesia , types , causes and manifestations of neocerebellar syndrome . 4- Role of hypothalamus in body weight and food intake . 5- Disturbances of suprarenal cortex : types , clinical features and suprarenal function test . 6- Growth hormone : cellular mechanism of action , function , control of secretion and its disorders. 7- Functions of placenta . 8- Factors increasing sweat secretion and effect of excessive sweating . 9- Pancreatic secretion : composition and mechanism of its secretion . 10- Binocular vision . 11- Acidification of urine : By renal tubules . 12- Auditory coding . 13- MCQ (5 Marks) : 1- The following are classified as slow adapting receptors EXCEPT: A) Touch receptors.

B) Pain receptors.

C) Muscle spindle .

D) Baro-receptors.

E) Osmo-receptors .

2- The limbic system plays a role in the following functions EXCEPT: A) Sexual behavior.

B) Punishment and reward.

C) Placidity.

D) Equilibrium.

E) Olfaction.

3- BMR may be increased to +100% in the following conditions : A) Hyperglycemia.

B) Hyperthyroidism.

C) Hyperventilation.

D) Sever anxiety.

E) High protein.

4- A patient with vitamin A deficiency suffers from : A) Decrease in daylight vision. D) Decrease in amont of retinene.

B) Lens changes. C) Loss of color vision. E) Increased sensitivity of the receptors.

5- The following considered as target for anti-diuretic hormone EXCEPT: A) The proximal CT .

B) Distal CT .

C) Sweat glands .

D) Salivary glands .

Tanta University Faculty of Medicine Department of Physiology Examination for (2nd Year)

Time Allowed :

Course Title : Physiology

Three Hours

Total Assessment Marks : 125

Term : Final Date : 30/5/2004

Discuss the following : 1- Parkinsonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s disease : Causes and Manifestations . 2- Referred pain mechanisms . Examples on referred pain . 3- Hemisection of the spinal cord . 4- Parathormone : Site of formation , function and control of secretion . 5- Compare between Cretinism and Dwarfism . 6- Menstrual cycle : Phases and hormones controlling it . 7- Plasma clearance and its significance . 8- Water reabsorption from different segments of the renal tubules . 9- Specific dynamic action of the food : Definition , causes and factors affecting it . 10- Changes in the eye during accommodation to near vision . 11- Functions of the middle ear .

Tanta University Faculty of Medicine Department of Physiology Examination for (2nd Year)

Time Allowed :

Course Title : Physiology

One Hour

Total Assessment Marks : 37.5

Term : February 15% Examination Date : 21/7/2009

Chapter 2 1- Give short account on: Sensory coding (2007) and enumerate properties of receptors potential (2010) 2- Functions of the receptors, explain the generator potential and the difference between receptor potential and action potential (2010) 3- Discuss receptor or generator potential. (2002) 4- Adaptation of receptors: classify receptors according to their rate of adaptation (2002-2007)

Chapter 3 1- A child suffers from loss of pain &temperature on both sides in the upper half of the body (Jacket sensory loss), while fine touch & proprioceptive sensation are not lost: Mention the name of this condition and explain the cause Disuses pain control or analgesia system (2010) . 2- Pain analgesia system, illustrate your answer with diagrams (2010) 3- Cutaneous pain: nature, character, pathway and body reaction (diagram) (2010)

4- Enumerate brain stem sensory lemnisci? Give the origin, termination &functions of each Lemniscus. Mention effects of complete section of each. (2008) 5- Give definition & mechanism of: Acupuncture role in pain. (2008) 6- Give the definition of: Tract â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Pathway. (2008) 7- Mention the receptors, mechanism of stimulation & pathways of kinesthetic sensation. (2008) 8- What is the effect of lesion to tract & association area? (2008). 9- Referred pain mechanism. Examples of referred pain. (2004) 10- Headache, types and causes of each type. (2010) 11- Pain control system and gate control mechanism. (2003)

Chapter 7 1- Functions of interneuron, illustrate your answer with diagram. (2009) 2- Draw and label Caudate circuit and its function. (2009)

3- Explain only. (2008)

4- (5) functions of basal ganglia. 5- (5) characters of cerebellar ataxia. 6- Mention manifestation of lesion of motor area 6. (2008) 7- Functions of area 6. (2010) 8- Give the definition of: Association area. (2008) 9- Mention the effect of: Lesion of caudate nucleus. (2008) 10- Mention the cause & manifestation of Parkinsonism. (2010- 2008- 2004 - 2003) 11- Functions of neocerebellum, causes and manifestation of neocerebellar syndrome. (2007-2007-2002) 12- Discuss excitatory arid inhibitory post-synaptic potential.(2002) 13- Properties of synaptic transmission. (2002) 14- Define: Occlusion â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Ataxia. (2010)

Chapter 8 1- Muscle tone and supra-spinal centers affecting it (2007) 2- Supraspinal centers affecting the stretch reflex, illustrate your answer with diagrams (2009)

Chapter 9 1- Differentiate between motor and reflex tetanus. (2009) 2- Enumerate properties of stretch reflex. (2007) 3- Tetany : Definition, types and causes. (2007)

Chapter 10 1- Effects of lesion of the posterior limb of the internal capsule. (2010-2009) 2- Effects of Hemisection of the spinal cord (brown sequard syndrome). (2009-2004 - 2003)

Chapter 11 1- Effects of stimulation of semicircular canal (2009) 2- Define: Vertigo (2010)

Chapter 12 1- Role of hypothalamus in body weight and food intake (2007) 2- Mention the role of hypothalamus in regulation of endocrine gland secretion (2010)

Chapter13 1- Aphasia: definition and types (2010-2009)

The Pituitary Gland: 1- Ahmed is 22 years old, yet his height is 100 cm. What are the possible endocrine causes and how to differentiate between them? (2010) 2- Mention the cause &manifestations of Diabetes insipidus. (2008) 3- Growth hormone: cellular mechanism, of action, function, control of secretion and its 4Disorders. (2007) 5- Mention the effect of Lack of oxytocin H. (2008) 6- Compare between critinism and dwarfism. (2004).

Thyroid Gland: 1- Explain Cellular mechanism of action of thyroid hormone. (2008) 2- Metabolic effect of thyroid hormones. (2007) 3- Hypofunction of thyroid gland: types, manifestation and thyroid function tests. (20032002)

Calcium Homeostasis 1- Parathormone, cellular mechanism of its action, functions and control of its secretion. (2009-2004) 2- Vitamin D: sources, activation, cellular mechanism of action, function and the effect of its deficiency. (2002)

The Suprarenal gland: 1- Aldosterone hormone, site of synthesis site of action and receptors and control of secretion. (2009-2003) 2- Disturbances of suprarenal cortex: types, clinical feature and suprarenal function tests (2007) 3- Explain adrenogenital syndrome. (2008) 4- Give an account on virilism. (2007)

The endocrine part of pancreas: 1- Types and clinical features of diabetes mellitus and its function tests. (2009) 2- Enumerate the endocrinal diseases associated with hyperglycemia .What is the mechanism of hyper glycaemia in each disease of them? (2010) 3- Explain Hyperinsulinism. (2008) 4- Insulin hormone, synthesis, cellular mechanism of action, functions and control of its secretion. (2002) 5- Glucagon hormone: chemical nature, site of synthesis & degradation, cellular mechanism of action, function and control of its secretion. (2002)

Male Reproductive System: 1- Factors affecting spermatogenesis. Enumerate testicular function tests. (2009-20082007-2002) 2- Testosterone: function-and control. (2003)

Female reproductive System: 1- Give an account on: Progesterone hormone cellular mechanism of action, control of secretion and its physiological actions. (2010) 2- Estrogens hormone, cellular mechanism of its action, functions and control of its secretion. (2009) 3- Mention chemical structure, cellular mechanism(s) & action of four hormones acting on mammary gland. (2008) 4- What is the effect of hypothalamic .lesion on mammary gland? (2008) 5- Give definition of: Menopause â&#x20AC;&#x201C; amenorrhea â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Eunchism. (2008) 6- Mention One endocrinal disorder associated with amenorrhea & hyperglycemia Mention CNS , blood & skin manifestation of this disorder. How to test? (2008) 7- Functions of placenta. (2007) 8- Menstrual cycle phases and hormones controlling it. (2004) 9- Ovarian cycle: phases, hormonal control and mechanism of ovulation. (2002) 10- Give an account on : lactation and its hormonal control. (2010)

Chapter 4: 1- Define obesity and state its causes and types. (2010) 2- Blood changes during starvation. (2009)

Vision: 1- Changes in the eye during accommodation co near vision. (2010-2004-2003) 2- Changes occur during light adaptation. (2009) 3- Binocular vision, definition, requirement and its advantages. (2009-2007) 4- What is visual activity? (2008) 5- Enumerate changes that occur during dark adaptation. Explain Why? (2008) 6- Rats adapt for night life & chicken adapt for day life? (2008) 7- Radiologist wears red glasses in his job? (2008) 8- Functions of the cornea and causes of its transparency. (2007-2002-2004) 9- Mention the causes of corneal transparency and give an account on corneal reflex pathway and its significance. (2010) 10- Function and location of visual cortex, with special reference to the physiological nystagmus. (2002)

Hearing: 1- Evidences of Helmholtz theory for hearing. (2010) 2- Auditory coding. (2009-2007)

3- Functions of the ossicles. (2009) 4- Functions of the middle ear. (2004) 5- Functions of muscles in middle ear. (2004)

6- The auditory pathway, sound localization and sound localization reflex in human. (2002) 8- Deafness, definition and types (2009)

Taste: 1- Factors affecting taste sensation. (2009) 2- Enumerate factors affecting taste sensation? Mention pathway of Taste (2010), taste reflexes & adaptation. (2008) 3 -Primary testes and their distribution. (2010)

Chapter 3 1- Describe the different phases of deglutition. (2010)

Chapter 4 1- Differentiate between histamine and insulin tests for gastric functions. (2010) 2- Synthesis, Mechanism of secretion, cellular mechanism of HCL and Its functions. (2009-2007-2008) 3- Mechanisms of gastric secretion. (2009)

4-Vomiting: definition, mechanism and causes. (2009) 5- Enumerate gastric proteolytic enzymes, activation, substrate& end products. (2008)

Chapter 5 1- Mechanism of synthesis & control of pancreatic Na bicarbonate. (2008) 2- Enumerate pancreatic proteolytic enzymes, activation, substrate & end products. (2008)

3- Pancreatic secretion: composition and mechanism of its secretion. (2007) 4- Mechanism of exocrine pancreatic secretion. (2010)

Chapter 6 1- Write short notes on: Functions of gall bladder and explain the mechanism of its evacuation. (2010-2009) 2- What is choleretic & cholagogues? Mention effect of ligation of common bile duct on hemostasis & digestive functions. (2008)

Chapter 1 1- Enumerate functions of kidney. (2007) 2- Functions of the juxtaglomerular apparatus. (2003)

Chapter 2 1- Mention the definition & Significance of Plasma clearance. (2008-2004) 2- Describe and explain the effect of raising the mean arterial blood pressure from 80 to 160 mmHg on renal blood flow. (Illustrate your answer with diagram). (2010) 3- Role of kidney in hemorrhage (2009)

Chapter 3 1-Starling forces on glomerular filtration and factors affecting glomerular filtration rate. (2009) 2-Factors controlling formation of glomerular filtrate. How the glomerular filtrate is measured. (2003)

Chapter 4

1- Sodium reabsorption all over the tubule. (2009) 2- The kidney is one site of Carbonic anhydrase. Mention other sites of carbonic anhydrase & explain physiological processes of C.A at these sites. (2008) 3- Acidification of urine (by renal tubule). (2007) 4- Water reabsorption from different segments of the renal tubules (2004) 5- Functions of distal convoluted-tubules-and collecting ducts (2002) 6- Function of loop of Henle. (2010) 7- Diuretics. (2002-2002)

Chapter 6 1- Enumerate and explain the successive reflexes occurring as a result of the rise in the urinary bladder internal pressure. (2010) 2- Functions of the urinary bladder. (2009) 3- Urethral sphincter. Innervation, pathway of pain sensation. Mention micturition disorders at complete section of spinal cord at level of first & last sacral segments. (2008) 4- Write short note on micturition disturbances. (2011)

Chapter 1: 1- Define: Basal metabolic rate - Specific dynamic action of food - Physiological heat value of food. (2010) 2- Specific dynamic action of food, definition, factors affecting it and possible cause. (20092004-2003-2007) 3- Basal metabolic rate, definition and factors affecting it. (2009) 4- Give definition of: Metabolism - Kilocalorie. (2008) 5- Diet of 100mg proteins, 300gm fat & 400gm carbohydrates, mention the caloric value of the diet during the first hours of digestion. (2008) 6- Basal metabolic rate (BMR), definition, basal conditions and discuss two methods of its determination. (2002) 7- Mention the definition and significance of: Respiratory quotient (RQ). (2008) 8- Give definition of Respiratory exchange ratio. (2008)

Chapter 2: 1- Define: Excess respiratory quotient - Mechanical efficiency. (2010) 2- Mention the definition and significance of: 02-debt. (2008) 3- Oxygen debt, measurement and factors affecting it. (2010) 4- Excess respiratory quotient or ratio (ERQ), definition, measurement and significance. (2002)

Chapter 3: 1- Pyrexia, definition and its mechanism. (2009) 2- At the end of the film, you suddenly leave the cinema to outside at noon & cold weather. Discuss your body changes that occur in this condition. (2008) Whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s your knowledge to avoid these changes? (2008) 3- Explain the thermogulatory responses upon exposure to cold environment. (2010) 4- Factors increasing sweatseretion and effect of excessive sweating. (2007)

Chapter 8: 1- Functions of large intestine. (2007-2010) 2- Site, origin and functions of antiperistaltic movement. (2009)

Tanta University Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Biochemistry

19/6/2012 Time allowed: 3 Hours Total Marks : 75

Second Year Examination I) Illustrate the diagram of each of the followings : (20 Marks) 1- Regulation of hormone sensitive lipase . 2- Metabolism of chylomicrons . 3- Metabolic interrelations during early fasting state . 4- Regulation of de-novo synthesis of purine nucleotide . II) Discuss the following biochemical reactions : (15 Marks) 1- Conversion of Îą-ketoglutarate to fumerate with calculation of energy gained . 2- Formation of creatine . 3- Degradation of AMP to uric acid . III) On biochemical basis, explain the following clinical conditions : (25 Marks) 1- In patients with Favism , the antioxidant activity of reduced glutathione is maintained in liver cells . 2- Patients with adrenogenital syndrome have suprarenal hyperplasia . 3- The urine in patients with inborn error of metabolism branched chain amino acids has the odor of maple syrup . 4- Patients with vitamin C deficiency are always presented with bleeding gums . 5- Patients with vitamin B6 deficiency usually develop anemia . IV) Give an account on each of the followings (Diagram is strictly needed) : (10 Marks) 1- Synthesis and secretion of PTH . 2- Types and mechanism of facilitated diffusion . V) Give full account on each of the followings : 1- Components , energetics and inhibitors od Complex III of ETC . 2- Types and dangerous effects of ROS . (2.5 Marks)

(2.5 Marks)

Tanta University Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Biochemistry

2/9/2012 Time allowed: 3 Hours Total Marks : 75

Second Year Examination I) Illustrate with formula-the biochemical basis of the following disease conditions : (16 Marks) a) Orotic aciduria. b) Galactosemia. c) Alkaptonuria. d) Scurvy. II) Using formula, give an account on the following enzymes : (20 Marks) a) Aldolase B and its biomedical importance. b) HMG-CoA reductase. c) PRPP synthetase and its regulation. d) Glucose-6-P dehydrogenase and its biomedical importance. e) L-glutamate dehydrogenase . III) Discuss the following biochemical reactions: (15 Marks) a) Formation of ALA. b) Conversion of palmityl-CoA to stearoyl-CoA. c) Synthesis of AMP from IMP. IV) Give an account on each of the followings : (8 Marks) a) Mechanism of action of cortisole (Diagram is strictly needed). b) Cationic channels at cholinergic synapses (Diagram is strictly needed). V) Write short notes on each of the followings : (16 Marks) a) Structure and functions of vitamin B1. b) Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation. c) Types of ROS and their endogenous antioxidants. d) Diagram of the metabolic interrelation between carbohydrate and lipid metabolism during starvation.

Tanta University Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Biochemistry

16/2/2012 Time allowed: 1 Hour Total Marks : 22.5

Second Year Examination I) On biochemical basis, explain the following : (7 Marks) 1- Female patient with galactose-1-P uridyl transferase deficiency can form lactose in mammary glands. 2- Î˛_oxidation in the liver is the driving force for gluconeogensis. II) Give an account on each of the followings (Diagram is strictly needed) : (7 Marks) 1- The catalytic activity and regulatory mechanisms of acetyl Co-A carboxylase . 2- L-carnitine transport system. III) Discuss the following biochemical reactions: (7 Marks) 1- Cytoplasmic steps of urea cycle with refrence to the relationship between urea cycle and kreb's cycle. 2- Formation of HMG Co-A from leucine. IV) Write short notes on uncoplers of oxidative phosphorylation . (1.5 Marks)

Tanta University Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Biochemistry

26/6/2011 Time allowed: 3 Hours Total Marks : 75

Second Year Examination I) Illustrate the diagram of each of the followings : (15 Marks) 1- Hormonal regulation of Acetyl Co~A carboxylase. 2- Distribution of protein component of biological membranes. 3- Metabolic interrelations between carbohydrate and lipid metabolism during starvation. II) Discuss the following biochemical reactions : (25 Marks) 1- Oxidative deamination of L-glutamate. 2- Conversion of glycine to ALA. 3- Formation of Acetoacetate from Acetyl Co-A. 4- Salvage pathway of purine synthesis . 5- Conversion of Isocitrate to succinate with calculation of energy gained. III) On biochemical basis, explain the following clinical conditions : (15 Marks) 6- Patients with favism are always presented with intermittent attacks of jaundice. 7- Patients with Von-Jerks disease have elevated plasma level of free fatty acids. 8- The urine of patient with Alkaptonuria turns black when exposed to air. IV) Give an account on each of the followings (Diagram is strictly needed) : (10 Marks) 9- Synthesis and secretion of insulin. 10- Mechanism of action of parathyroid hormone. V) Write short notes on each of followings : 1- Role of vitamin C in collagen synthesis. (2 Marks) 2- Functions and deficiency of nicotinic acid. (4 Marks) V1) Using diagrams, describe the components, energetics and inhibitors of ETC . (4 Marks)

Tanta University Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Biochemistry

13/6/2010 Time allowed: 3 Hours Total Marks : 75

Second Year Examination I) Illustrate with formula the biochemical basis of the following disease conditions: (20 Marks)

1- Favism. 2- Homocystinuria. 3- Maple syrup urine disease. 4- Orotic aciduria. II) Illustrate the diagram of each of the followings : (16 Marks)

1- Hormonal regulation of muscle glycogen phosphorylase. 2- L-carnitine transport system. 3- Assembly of protein component of biological membranes. 4- Regulation of de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides. III) Discuss the following biochemical reactions : (15 Marks)

1- The two energy requiring steps in the pathway of urea synthesis. 2- Conversion of glycine to Î´-aminolevulonic acid (ALA). 3- A reaction catalyzed by monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzyme. 4- A reaction that utilizes inorganic phosphate in the glycolytic pathway. 5- Cytosolic steps of formation of malonyl-CoA from citrate. IV) Give an account on each of the followings (Diagram is strictly needed) :

1- Active transport with reference to Na/K+ ATPase. (4 Marks) 2- Synthesis, secretion, and mechanism of action of thyroxins. (10 Marks) V) Write short notes on the manifestations of diseases associated with deficiency of : (5 Marks)

1- Vitamin D . 2- Vitamin B1 . V1) Give full account on types, sources and dangerous effects of ROS .

(5 Marks)

Tanta University Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Biochemistry

9/8/2010 Time allowed: 3 Hours Total Marks : 75

Second Year Examination I) Illustrate with formula the biochemical basis of the following disease conditions :(15 Marks)

1- McArdle's disease. 2- Severe combined immunodifficieney (SCID) syndrome. 3- Porphyria. II) Illustrate the diagram of each of the followings : (16 Marks)

1- Hormonal regulation of glycogen synthase. 2- Metabolism of chylomicrons. 3- Components of ETC. 4- Metabolic interrelation between carbohydrate and lipid metabolism during starvation. III) Discuss the following biochemical reactions : (20 Marks)

1- Conversion of isocitrate to succinate. 2- Conversion of leucine to HMG-CoA. 3- Catabolism of one amsmo acid that ends with formation of propionyl CoA. 4- Conversion of IMP to AMP. 5- Oxidation of Î˛-hydroxybutyrate . IV) Give an account on each of the followings :

1- Asymmetry of biological membranes. (6 Marks) 2- Synthesis, secretion, and mechanism of action of cortisol (Diagram is strictly needed). (10 Marks) V) Give an account on structure, function, and deficiency of vitamin K . (4 Marks) V1) Give full account on types and sources of ROS and their endogenous antioxidants. (4 Marks)

Tanta University Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Biochemistry

25/2/2010 Time allowed: 1 Hour Total Marks : 22.5

Second Year Examination I) Enumerate four high energy compounds and illustrate with formula the reactions through which two of these compounds can participate in the synthesis of ATP at substrate level. (3 Marks)

II) Give reasons for each of the following, use formula whenever needed: (3 Marks) a) Farmers who depend on maize as the main dietary component always develop pellagra . b) PLP deficiency can cause infantile convulsions . c) Overdose of vitamin C cause hyperoxaluria . III) Write short notes on each of the followings : (3 Marks) a) Formation of creatine from glycine. b) Biochemical basis of albinism. c) Synthesis and fate of figlu. IV) Case report : (10.5 Marks) A school child aged 12 years old was noticed to complain of easy fatigability and lack of concentration since two months. During the school break, he ate a large piece of candy, and few minutes later, his friends noticed that he started to lose consciousness and suddenly went into deep coma, with tachypnea and fruity smell of his breath. In the hospital, a blood sample was taken for analysis of blood glucose and insulin levels. The plasma of the patient had creamy appearance and TG level was estimated. Blood glucose and TG levels were 600 mg/dL and 350mg//dL respectively. Immediately, the patient was given insulin infusion until recovered, and was kept on insulin treatment for life. a) What is the most likely diagnosis of this case? What are the normal levels of blood glucose and TG ? b) What is the cause of the creamy appearance of the plasma? c) What is the biochemical nature of the metabolite causing the fruity smell of the patient breath? Illustrate with formula the biosynthetic pathway of this metabolite, and the fate of the different products of this pathway. d) In case of persistent hyperglycemia, what is the unusual fate of glucose? Refer to the advantage and disadvantages of this pathway.

Tanta University Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Biochemistry

22/7/2010 Time allowed: 1 Hour Total Marks : 22.5

Second Year Examination I) Give reason for each of the followings : (6 Marks) 1- Farmers who depend on maize as the main dietary component always develop pellagra . 2- Vitamin E is required for maintaining the integrity of biological membranes . 3- Allopurines are used for treatment of gouty arthritis . 4- Group 1 hormones have intracellular receptors . 5- Mevastatin is used for treatment of hyperchlosterolemia . 6- Patients with deficient activity of glucose-6-P dehydrogenase can form PRPP. II) Using formula, describe the following reactions: (10 Marks) 1- Conversion of adenosine to uric acid . 2- Conversion of leucine to HMG-CoA . 3- Conversion of HMG-CoA to Î˛-hydroxybutyrate . 4- Conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate . 5- Catabolism of homogcntistic acid . III) Case report : (6.5 Marks) A 3 years old girl had a history of frequent episodes of weakness, sweating and pallor that were eliminated by eating. The clinical examination showed enlarged liver. Histopathological examination of liver biopsy specimens showed dilated liver cells bulging with large amounts of glycogen without any signs of inflammation or cirrhosis, Fasting blood samples showed low blood glucose and elevated uric acid and triacylglvccrol levels. 1- What is the most likely diagnosis of this case ? 2- What is the defective enzyme ? Write the reaction catalyzed by this enzyme . 3- What are the normal blood levels of glucosc and uric acid ? 4- What is the cause of hyperuricemia in that condition ? 5- What is the cause of hypertriglyceridemia ?

Tanta University Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Biochemistry

26/8/2009 Time allowed: 3 Hours Total Marks : 75

Second Year Examination I) Illustrate with formula the biochemical basis of the following disease conditions :(16 Marks)

a) Adrenogenital syndrome. b) Hereditary fructose intolerance. c) Alkaptonuria. d) Scurvy. II) Using formula, give an account on the following enzymes : (16 Marks)

a) Glyceraldhyde-3-P dehydrogenase. b) HMG-CoA synthase. c) PRPP synthetase and its regulation . d) Glucose-6-P dehydrogenase and its biochemical importance. III) Discuss the following biochemical reactions : (20 Marks)

a) Formation of glutamate from histidine.. b) Oxidative deamination . c) Oxidation of Î˛-hydroxybutyrate. d) Conversion of stearoyl-CoA to oleoyl-CoA. e) Synthesis of AMP from IMP. IV) Give an account on each of the followings : (8 Marks)

a) Structure and mechanism of action of PTH (Diagram is strictly needed). b) Cationic channels at cholinergic synapses (Diagram is strictly needed). V) Write short notes on each of the followings :

a) Structure and functions ot vitamin B1. (4 Marks) b) P/O ratio and uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation. (4. Marks) c) Dangerous effects of free radicals and the role of different antioxidants. (4 Marks) d) Diagram of the metabolic interrelation between carbohydrate and lipid metabolism during well fed state. (3 Marks)

Tanta University Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Biochemistry

26/7/2009 Time allowed: 1 Hour Total Marks : 22.5

Second Year Examination I- Read each statement and decide whether it is true ( √ ) or false ( X ) : 1. The glucogenic component of phenylalanine is fumarate. 2. Apo-B48 is the main apoprotein of LDL. 3. Albinism is due to deficiency of tyrosinase enzyme. 4. The biological activity of PTH depends on the amino terminus fragment (1-36). 5. HMP pathway is the major source of NADPH. 6. Hexokinase has a low Km for glucose. 7. Acetyl-CoA resulting from the oxidation of glucose is a common source of acetone. 8. In McArdle’s disease muscle glycogen is normal in structure and amount. 9. Ketone bodies can be utilized by brain tissue in prolonged starvation. 10.Growth hormone has one tryptophan residue at position 85. 11.Glycerol resulting from lipolysis of triacylglycerol is converted to glycerol-3-P in fat cells. 12. Pantothenate is the precursor of Co-A. 13. Acetoacetate is elevated in plasma during the well-fed state. 14. The P/O ratio of succinate dehydrogenase is 2 . 15. Glucagon is a polypeptide hormone that acts through cAMP. 16. Glycolysis in RBCs produces 8 ATP. 17. The overall effect of Na+/K+ ATPase transport system is 2 molecules of Na+ out and 3 molecules of K+ in. 18. Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation allows electron transport to proceed without ATP synthesis. 19. Human proinsulin is formed of 58 amino acid residues. 20. In human body, uric acid is the main end product of pyrimidine degradation. 21. The two nitrogen atoms of urea are derived from ammonia arid alanine. 22. Isoleucine is both ketogenice and glucogenice amino acid. 23. The presence of saturated fatty acids in biological membranes helps to increase membrane fluidity. 24. Steroid hormones interact with cell surface receptors and mediate their action through the production of second messengers. 25. NAD is required for conversion of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate.

II- Select the CORRECT answer : 1) Ketosis is common in all the following EXCEPT: a) Diabetes mellitus. b) starvation. c) Feeding of excess carbohydrates. d) Feeding of excess fat. 2) Regarding creatine: a) Glycine, arginine and cysteine participate in its synthesis. b) Its synthesis involves a transfer of methyl group to acetoacetate. c) Creatine-phosphate is proportionate to muscle mass. d) Creatine-phosphate Junctions as a storage fonr. of energy in liver. 3) Which of the following vitamins becomes a major electron acceptor and aids in the oxidation of numerous substances : a) Vitamin B6. b) Folic acid. c) Thiamine. d) Niacin. 4) Which of the following vitamins can act without phosphorylation : a) Pyridoxine. b) Lipoamide. c) Niacin. d) Thiamine. 5) L-glutamate dehydrogenase : a) Catalyses an oxidative decarboxylation reaction. b) Liberates amino group as free ammonia from glutamate. c) Uses only NAD as a co-enzyme. d) Is allosterically activated by ATP. 6) Insulin: a) Is a polypeptide hormone formed of 86 amino acid residues. b) Is an anabolic hormone. c) Acts on intracellular specific receptors. d) Activates the enzymes by phosphorylation. 7) Which one of the following enzymes catalyses a substrate-level phosphorylation step during glycolysis : a) Triose phosphate isomerase. b) Phosphofructokinase-1 c) Aldolase A. d) Pyruvate kinase. 8) Which one of the following enzymes is a deficient in Von Gierkeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s disease : a) Hepatic glycogen phosphorylase. b) Debranching enzyme. c) Lysosomal Îą-l,4-glucosidase. d) Glucose-6-phosphatase. 9) Regarding carnitine shuttle: a) It is an important step for de novo synthesis of fatty acids. b) It allows transport of fatty acyl-CoA from the cytosol to the mitochondria. c) Utilization of this shuttle by NADH produces only 2 ATP. d) The shuttle is stimulated by malonyl Co-A.

Tanta University Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Biochemistry

July/2008 Time allowed: 3 Hours Total Marks : 75

Second Year Examination I) Show briefly using chemical formulae : (12 Marks) a. The reactions that lead to generation of ATP at a substrate level in glycolysis b. Conversion of pyruvate to active gcetate. c. Steps generate NADPH in hexose monophosphate shunt. d. Formation of Îą- ketoglutarat from isocitrate. II) Write short notes on : (12 Marks) a. GABA b. Detoxication of ammonia in brain and mechanisms of ammonia toxicity. c. Figlu (N-formiminoglutamate) synthesis and biomedical importance. III) Discuss the following biochemical reactions : (12 Marks) a. Calculate the ATP production of palmitic acid oxidation. b. What is the rate limiting reaction in the following: i. Ketogenesis. ii. De novo synthesis of fatty acid. iii. Cholesterol synthesis. IV) Write short notes on : (12 Marks) a. Synthesis of insulin. b. Mechanism of action of thyroxine. c. Membrane fluidity. d. Mechanism of facilitated diffusion. V) Write short notes on : (12 Marks) a. Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. b. Orotic aciduria. c. Formation of uric acid. d. Iron transport. V1) Write short notes on : (15 Marks) a. Metabolic interrelations between carbohydrate, lipid & protein during starvation. b. P/O ratio. c. Inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation. d. Collaborative role of three antioxidants in overcoming oxidative stress and free radical production.

Tanta University Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Biochemistry

Sept./2008 Time allowed: 3 Hours Total Marks : 75

Second Year Examination I) Give short notes on : (12 Marks) a. Phosphofructokinase-1. b. The reaction that lead to generation of ATP at a substrate level in citric acid cycle. c. Regulation of glycogen phosphorylase. d. Importance of NADPH. II) Write on : (12 Marks) a. Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I. b. Synthesis of creatine. c. Phenylketonuria III) Show briefly : (12 Marks) a. Hormone-sensitive lipase. b. Role of Carnitin in lipid metabolism. c. Lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT). d.What is the product of beta oxidation of odd Ihain fatty . acid, write the metabolism of the product. IV) Write short notes on : (12 Marks) a. Synthesis of thyroxine. b. Mechanism of action of epinephrine, e. Na+/K+ ATPase. V) Write short notes on : (12 Marks) a. Synthesis of PRPP from ribose-5-phosphate. c. Give the enzyme defect in the following conditions: i. Lesch-Nyhan syndrome ii. Orotic aciduria. d. Calcium regulating hormones. V1) Give an account on : (15 Marks) a. Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation. b. Energetics of electron transport chain (ETC). c. Illustrate the mechanism associated with production of free radicals and significance of antioxidants .

Tanta University Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Biochemistry

Sept./2008 Time allowed: 3 Hours Total Marks : 75

Second Year Examination I) Write on : (12 Marks) a. Metabolic pathways of pyruvate. b. Glycogenolysis , and its regulation. II) Illustrate with formulae the source and fate of ammonia. (12 Marks) III) Draw a diagram of fatty acid synthase complex and write with formulae its reactions . (12 Marks) IV) Give an account on each of the following : (12 Marks) a. Structure and mechanism of action of cortisol. b. Degradation of insulin. c. Na+ - K+ ATPase. V) Write on : (12 Marks) a. The structure of purine ring and write the source of each atom. Then mention Steps of dADP formation from IMP. b. Steps of cytosine catabolism. V1) Write on the following : (15 Marks) a. Changes that occur in blood and urine during starvation. b. Iron metabolism. c. Illustrate with fables and figures oxidative stress versus antioxidant capacity.

Tanta University Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Biochemistry

6/6/2006 Time allowed: 3 Hours Total Marks : 75

Second Year Examination 1- Outline the galactose metabolism and discuss its metabolic error. 2- Phenyl alanine and tyrosine are precursors of two hormones- Discuss with formulae the hormonal synthesis. 3- Write with formulae the reactions of synthesis of : a- 3-hydroxy butyrate. b- Sphingosine. 4- Discuss briefly chemical structure, biosynthesis and metabolic effect of insulin. 5- Write on changes that occur in blood and urine during starvation. 6- Enumerate the stages of protein biosynthesis and discuss the initiation step . 7- Discuss the antioxidant defense in biological systems. 8- Write with formulae the steps of uric acid biosynthesis.

Tanta University Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Biochemistry

8/7/2004 Time allowed: 3 Hours Total Marks : 75

Second Year Examination 1- Write the full name of : (6 Marks) A) TPP B) FMN and mention the metabolic function of each one.

C) NAD

2- Write on : (6 Marks) A- Glucose tolerance curve. B- Formation of phosphoenol pyruvate from pyruvate. 3- Discuss with formulae : (6 Marks) A- Carnitine palmitoyl transferase enzymes. B- Oxidation of 3-hydroxybutyrate. C- Biosynthesis of ceramide. 4- Write with formulae the structure and synthesis of : (6 Marks) A- Creatinine B- Camosine. C- Indican from tryptophan. 5- Give an account on : (6 Marks) A- Steps of biosynthesis of insulin. B- Mechanism of action of epinephrine. 6- Give an account on : (6 Marks) A- Genetic code. B- Formation of aminoacyl tRNA C- Biosynthesis of uric acid . 7- Give an account on metabolic interrelation during muscle exercise. (6 Marks) 8- Illustrate the relationship, between the metabolic fuel and the following : (6 Marks) A- Influence of life style and premature aging. B- Redox reactions and oxidative stress.

Tanta University Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Biochemistry

Time allowed: 30 Min

Select the one best answer to each Question: 1. Which of the following process generates the most ATP: a) Citric acid cycle. b) Fatty acid oxidation. c) Glycolysis. d) Fatty acid synthesis. 2. In citric acid cycle one molecule of ATP is synthesized at the substrate level in one

of the following reactions: a) b) a) b)

Citrate —> α- Ketoglutarate α- Ketoglutarate —> Succinate. Succinate —> Fumarate. Fumarate —> malate.

3. Long chain fatty acids are found as dietary lipids or can be synthesized from the

following : a) b) c) d)

Acetyl CoA. Glucose. Glycerol. Glycogen.

4. During anaerobic exercise, ATP is produced of which pathway: a) Citric acid cycle. b) Glycolysis. c) Oxidative phosphorylation. d) Pentose phosphate pathway.

5. What is the role of glucagone ? a) T^iitmilate-4he-citrk^a£id-j:yde b) To stimulate gluconeogenesis. c) To stimulate glycolysis. d) To stimulate the pentose-phosphate pathway. 6. Which of the following cause favism: a) Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. b) Vitamin C deficiency. c) Diabetes Mellitus. d) 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase deficiency.

7. About urea cycle: a) The two nitrogen atomes of urea come from ammonia and alanine. b) Ornithine is a direct precursor of urea. c) The urea .cycle occurs only in the cytoplasm. d) 2 ATP molecules are required for carbamyl phosphate synthesis. 8. Transamination reactions: a) Are usually irreversible. b) Are catalyzed by enzymes which require FAD. c) Are catalyzed by L-glutamate dehydrogenase. d) Have a requirement for co-enzyme which is a member of vitamin B complex. 9. The intermediate compound in ketone bodies synthesis from acetyl CoA in the liver is : a) Are usually irreversible. b) Are catalyzed by enzymes which require FAD. c) Are catalyzed by L-glutamate dehydrogenase. d) Have a requirement for co-enzyme which is a member of vitamin B complex. 10.

The intermediate compound in ketone bodies synthesis from acetyl CoA in the liver is : a) Accumulation of phytanic acid . b) Oxidation of branched chain fatty acid . c) Formation of propionic acid . d) Formation of dicaroxylic acid .

Write an account on : 1. Ammonia intoxication.

2. Fate of oxaloacetate . 3. Regulation of hormone sensitive lipase.

Tanta University Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Biochemistry

Time allowed: 30 Min

Select the one best answer to each Question: 1. How many ATP molecules are generated by glycolysis of one glucose molecule: a) One. b) Two. c) Four. d) Twelve. 2. Which of the following are the primary products of the pentose-phosphate pathway: a) b) c) d)

NAD+ & ribose. NADH & ribose. NADP+ & ribose NADPH & ribose.

3. In citric acid cycle, which enzyme reaction leads to production of ATP (or GTP) by substrate level phosphorylation: a) b) c) d)

Îą- ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. Succinate thiokinase. Succinate dehydrogenase. Malate dehydrogenase.

4. Which of the following is primary substrate for gluconeogenisis: a) b) c) d)

Galactose. Glycerol. Glycogen. Sucrose.

5. Fatty acid synthesis occurs in which cellular compartment: a) b) c) d)

Endoplasmic reticulum. Cytosol Golgi apparatus Mitochondria

6. Which of the following is the main fuel reserve of the body: a) b) c) d)

Glucose. Glycogen. Starch. Triacylglycerol.

7. Which enzyme catalysis the only step of fatty acid oxidation that requires energy: a) b) c) d)

Acyl CoA dehydrogenase. Acyl. CoA synthetase. Enoyl CoA hydratase. 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase.

8. During ketogenesis the immediate precursor of acetoacetate is: a) b) c) d)

HMG-CoA 3-hydroxybutyrate. 3-hydroxybutyryl CoA. Acetoacetyl CoA.

9. Which of the following statement is incorrect about transamination: a) b) c) d)

10.

Pyridoxal phosphate is the Co-enzyme. They catalyze a reversible reaction. All aminoacids participate in the reaction catalyzed by them. Îą- ketoglutarate plays a key role in these reaction.

In the urea cycle which one of the following enzymes uses ATP: a) b) c) d)

Arginase . Arginosuccinate. Ornithine transcarbamylase. Arginosuccinate synthetase.

Write an account on: 1. Sources and fate of fumarate during urea synthesis. 2. Formation of ribulose 5-P from glucose 6 phosphate. 3. Hormonal regulation of acetyl CoA carboxylase.

Tanta University Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Biochemistry

Time allowed: 20 Min

Select the one best answer to each Question: 1. All the following statements about serine are true, EXCEPT: a) b) c) d)

It is a ketogenic amino acid. It can be formed in the body from glycine. It shares in biosynthesis of sphingosine base. It gives pyruvic acid in presence of pyridoxai phosphate as coenzyme.

2. Cysteine enters in the formation of bile acids by: a) b) c) d)

Giving phosphoprotein. Giving taurine. Giving cysteamine. Giving histidine.

3. Albinism is due to: a) b) c) d)

Congenital deficiency of GABA. Congenital deficiency of tyrosinase. Congenital deficiency of cystathionine synthetase. Increased nielanin pigment.

4. Which of the following hormones increase protein destruction: a) b) c) d)

Growth hormone. Insulin Glucocorticoids. Thyroxine in physiological doses.

5. Cholesterol can act as precursor for each of the following compounds, EXCEPT: a) b) c) d)

1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol. Testosterone. Glycocolic acid. Cholecystokinin.

6. A choline residue is present in which of the following: a) b) c) d)

Phosphatidic acid. Ceramide. Glucocerebroside. Sphingomyline.

7. Glycerol cannot be utilized in adipose tissue because of deficiency of: a) Lipoprotein lipase. b) Glycerol kinase. c) Hormone sensitive lipase. d) Glycerol dehydrogenase. 8. The following hormones need cyclic AMP for mediating their action, EXCEPT: a) PTH b) Glucagons. c) Calcitriol. d) Calcitonin. 9. The biological activity of PTH depends on : a) Amino terminus fragment (1-37) b) Amino terminus fragment (1-36) c) Fragment-C alone. d) Non of the above. 10. a) b) c) d)

The intracellular signal responsible for Insulin action may be: Autophosphorylation of intrinsic tyrosine-kinase. Activation of phospholipase-C and increase intracellular calcium level. Internalization of hormone-receptor complex and formation of insulin degradation products. All of the above.

Tanta University Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Biochemistry

Select the one best answer to each Question: 1. Serine gives choline by: a) Dehydration. b) Phosphorelation. c) Decarboxylation and transmethylation. d) Oxidation. 2. Cystein is the following EXCEPT: a) It is formed in the body. b) Sulphur containing amino acid. c) It is important for absorption of calcium. d) It gives taurine in the liver. 3. GABA (gama amino butyric acid) is: a) Vasodilator substance. b) Derived from glutamic acid by decarboxylation. c) Derived from glutamic acid by oxygenation. d) An excitatory transmitter in the brain. 4. Albinism is due to: a) Excess of tyrosinase. b) Deficiency of tyrosinase. c) Hyperthyroidism. d) Hypothyroidism. 5. A compound normally used to conjugate bile acid is: a) Glycine. b) Serine. c) Oleic acid. d) Calcium. 6. Which of the following enzymes sharing in cholesterol synthesis: a) Acetyl CoA carboxylase. b) HMG-CoA reductase. c) Thiophorase. d) Propionyl CoA carboxylase.

Time allowed: 20 Min

7. Lecithin is: a) P -hydroxy Îł-trimethyl amino butyric acid. b) Phosphatidyl choline. c) Methyl guanidoacetic acid. d) 5-hydroxy tryptamine. 8. Group II hormones have the following characteristics EXCEPT: a) They have short plasma half-life. b) They can traverse biological membranes. c) Most of them are polypeptide hormones. d) They need a second messenger for mediating their action. 9. Circulating forms of parathyroid hormone are: a) Intact PTH only. b) Intact PTH, amino terminus fragment and fragment-C. c) Fragment-C and amino terminus fragment. d) Intact PTH and fragment-C. 10. C-peptide of human insulin is formed of: a) 21 amino acid residues. b) 30 amino acid residues. c) 35 amino acid residues. d) 51 amino acid residues.

1- Enumerate four high energy compounds and illustrate with formula the reactions through which two of these compounds can participate in the synthesis of ATP at substrate level. (2010) 2- Illustrate the diagram of components of ETC. (2010) 3- Give an account on: * P/0 ratio and uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation. (2009) * Inhibitors of ETC. (2009) * Uncouplers. (2001) 4-Illustrate bio-energetic principles influence High energy compounds and oxidative phosphorylation. (2003) 5- Give an account on caloric homeostasis. (2002) 6- Elaborate how metabolic reactions are influenced by bioenergetic mechanisms. (2001) 7-Enzymes that activated during fed state. (2001)

1- Illustrate with formula the biochemical basis of the following diseases : * Favism. (2010) * McArdle's disease. (2010) * Hereditary fructose intolerance. (2009) * Galactosemia. (2009) 2- Illustrate the diagram of each of the followings : * Hormonal regulation of muscle glycogen phosphorylase. (2010) 3- Discuss the following biochemical reactions: * A reaction that utilizes inorganic phosphate in the glycolytic pathway. (2010) * Patients with deficient activity of giucose-6-P dehydrogenase can form PRPP Explain. (2010) * Hormonal regulation of glycogen synthase. (2010) * Conversion of isocitrate to succinate. (2010) * Reactions of the citric acid cycle at which high energy phosphate bonds are formed. (2005) 4- Give an account: * Giyceraldhyde-3-P dehydrogenase. (2009-2005-2003) * Metabolic pathways of pyruvate. (2007) * Glycogenolysis, and its regulation. (2007-2004-2003) * Metabolic pathways of pyruvate. (2007) * Sources and metabolic pathways of oxaloacetate. (2006-2004) * DPG cycle. (2006) * Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme, reaction importance and deficiency. (2009-2006-2003) * Biomedical importance of TCA & its anabolic pathways (2001-2002) 5- Using formula, give an account on the catalytic function and the regulatory mechanisms of the following enzymes: * Phosphofructokinase-l. (2009) * a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. (2005) 6- Outline the galactose metabolism and discuss its metabolic error. (2006) 7- Write on Glucose tolerance curve. (2004-2002) 8- Write on formation of phosphoenol pyruvate from pyruvate. (2004) 9- Write on Oxidative step of HMP and HMP functions. (2002-2003) 10- Write on: (2001) 11- A-Fructose metabolism. 12- B-Glycogen storage diseases. 13- Write on Glycolytic pathway and its importance. (2002) 14- Write on pathways of glucose 6-phosphate during fed state. (2002)

1- Illustrate the diagram of each of the followings: * L-carnitine transport system. (2010-2006) * Metabolism of chylomicrons. (2010) 2- Discuss the following biochemical reactions * Cytosolic steps of formation of malonyl-CoA from citrate. (2010) * Mevastatin is used for treatment of hyperchlosterolemia. Explain. (2010) * Oxidation of B-hydroxybutyrate. (2009-2004) * Conversion of stearoyl-CoA to olcoyl-CoA. (2009 * Cytosolic steps of synthesis of mevalonate from citrate. (2009-2001) * Conversion of palmitoyl-CoA to palmitoleoyl-CoA. (2009-2006-2001) * Synthesis of spliingosine. (2006-2001) * Biosynthesis of phosphatidyl choline. (2001) * Biosynthesis of phosphotidyl inositol. (2002) 3- Give an account: * HMG-CoA synthase. (2009-2005-2002-2001) * Hormone sensitive lipase. (2006-2005) 4- Draw a diagram of fatty acid synthase complex and write with formulae its reactions. (2007-2001) 5- Using formula, give an account on the catalytic function and the regulatory mechanisms of: * Acetyl-CoA carboxylase. 6- Discuss with formulae (2004) * Carnitine palmitoyl transferase enzymes. * Biosynthesis of ceramide. 7- Write with formulae the oxidation of palmitic acid and calculate the number of ATP gained. (2004-2004-2002) 8-Write with formulae How are the following synthesized from acetyl Co A * B-hydroxy butyrate / Malonyl CoA. (2003) 9- Write with formula about oxidation of propionyl CoA. (2005-2003-2002) 10- Write with formulae the steps of formation of: (2002) * Acetyl CoA -> B hydroxy butyrate. * B-Palmitoyl CoA -> Sphingosine.

1- Illustrate with formula the biochemical basis of the following disease conditions: * Homocistnuria. (2010) * Maple syrup urine disease. (2010) * Alkaptonuria. (2009) * Albinism. (2010-2009) 2- Discuss the following biochemical reactions: * The two energy requiring steps in the pathway of urea synthesis. (2010) * Conversion of glycine to 6-aminolevuionie acid (ALA). (2010) * A reaction' catalyzed by monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzyme. (2010) * Conversion of leucine to HMG-CoA. (2010) * Conversion of HMG-CoA to Î˛-hydroxybutyrate. (2010) * A Catabolism of homogentistic acid. (2010) * A catabolism of one amino acid that ends with formation of propionyl CoA. (2010). * Formation of glutamate from histidine. (2009) * Oxidative deamination. (2009) * Formation of creatine from glycine. (2009-2010) * Mitochondrial steps of urea cycle. (2009) * A Synthesis and fate of figlu. (2010) * Synthesis of 3-hydroxy butyrate. (2006) * Reactions catalyzed by transaminases. (2005) * Catabolism of isoleucine. (2003) * Syntesis of serine from CO2 and NH3. (2003) 3- Illustrate with formula: * Source and fate of ammonia. (2007) * Ammonia intoxication in brain & mechanism of ammonia toxicity.(2006-2004) * Urea formation. (2006-2003 -2001) * Structure and synthesis of Creatinine. (2004-2003-2002). * Structure and synthesis of, Camosine. (2004) 4- Write-on Trans-deamination. (2003) 5- Write with formulae how TWO essential amino acids give succinyl CoA in their catabolism. (2002) 6- Illustrate with formulae the removal of nitrogen from amino acids and explain the urea formation. (2002)

1- Illustrate the diagram of: * Metabolic interrelation between carbohydrate and lipid metabolism during starvation. (2010-2009) * Metabolic interrelation between carbohydrate and lipid metabolism during well fed state. (2009) 2- Changes occurring in blood & urine during starvation. (2007-2006-2001) 3- Give an account on metabolic interrelation during exercise. (2004) 4- Write on metabolic changes during starvation. (2002)

1- Give, reasons for each of the following, use formula whenever needed * Farmers who depend on maize as the main dietary component always develop pellagra. (2010) * PLP deficiency can cause infantile convulsions. (2010) * Overdose of vitamin C cause hyperoxaiuria. (2010) * Vitamin E. is required for maintaining the integrity of biological membranes 2- Function & deficiency of: * Vit K. (2010) * Vit D. (2009) * Vit A. (2002) * Vit B1. (2010-2007) 3-Give an account on: * Naphthaquinone containing vitamin. (2005) * Scurvy. (2009) 4- Write the full name of TPP-NAD- FMN and mention the metabolic function of each one. (2004) 5- Write on role of vitamin A in night vision. (2003) 6- Write on the metabolic functions of: (2002) * Biotin. * Pyridoxihe. 7- Discuss the metabolic function and deficiency of thiamin (2002)

1- Illustrate the diagram of each of the followings: * Assembly of protein component of biological membranes. (2010) * Active transport with reference to Na+/K+ ATPase. (2010-2007) 2- Give an account on: * Asymmetry of biological membranes. (2010) * Types and characters of facilitated diffusion carrier proteins. (2009)

1- Give an account with diagram: * Synthesis, secretion and mechanism of action of thyroxin. (2010-2004-2003-2002 2001) * Synthesis, secretion and mechanism of action of cortisol. (2010-2007-2001) * Structure and mechanism of action of PTH. (2009) * Cationic channels at cholinergic synapses. (2009) * Mechanism of action of glucagon. (2009) * Structure, secretion mechanism of action & degradation of insulin. (2009-20072004-2003-2002) * Biochemical structure and mechanism of action of growth hormone. (2004-2002) 2- Group I hormones have intracellular receptors. Explain. (2010) 3-Illustrate with formula the biochemical basis of Adrenogenital syndrome. (2009) 4- Give full account on the differences between group (1) and group (2) hormones (20032004) with reference to the mechanism of action of Adrenaline.

1- Illustrate the diagram of .Regulation of de novo synthesis of purine nucieotides. (2010) 2- Illustrate with formula the biochemical basis of the following:

* Orotic aciduria. (2010) * Conversion of adenosine to uric acid. (2010) * Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. 3- Allopurines are used for treatment, of goaty arthritis. Explain. (2010) 4- Give an account on: * PRPP synthetase and its regulation. (2009) * Conversion of IMP to AMP. (2010-2009) 5- The structure of purine ring and write the source of each atom. Then

mention Steps of dADP 6- formation from IMP. (2007) 7- Steps of cytosine catabolism. (2007) 8- Biosynthesis of uric acid. (2006-2004-2001) 9- Salvage pathway for nucleotide synthesis. (2004) 10- Structure formula of guanine indicates the source of each atom of it. (2003) 11- Clinical disorders of purine metabolism. (2001)

12- Xanthine oxidase. (2002)

Tanta University Faculty of Medicine Histology Department

Time : 3 Hours Date: 9/7/2012 Total Marks: (75 marks)

Second Year Final Histology Examination . (60 Marks)

Give an account on the following questions and illustrate your answers with labeled diagram:

1- Alveolar epithelium. (8 Marks) 2- Classic hepatic lobule. (7 Marks) 3- Sweat glands. (8 Marks) 4- Proximal and distal convoluted tubules. (8 Marks) 5- Parathyroid gland. (7 Marks) 6- Spermiogenesis. (8 Marks) 7- Lactating mammary gland. (6 marks) 8- Draw only: a) Parietal (oxyntic cell). (3 Marks) b) Cervical segment of the spinal cord. (3 Marks) c) Pigment epithelium of the retina. (3 Marks)

Faculty of Medicine Histology Department Second year

Date: 9/7/2012 Marks : (15 Mark)

I- Choose the correct answer: 1- Pinealocytes have the following characters EXCEPT A- They are modified neurons. B- Affected by light and dark. C- Secrete melatonin and serotonin. D. Secrete melanocyte stimulating hormone 2- Sertoli cell is characterized by all of the followings EXCEPT: A- Elongated pyramidal cell with ill defined border. B- Secrets testosterone hormone. C- Forms blood testis barrier. D- Present in the seminipherous tubules in between the spermatogenic cells. 3- The endometrium reaches its maximum thickness (5mm) during one of the following phases : A- Menstrual phase B- Proliferative phase C- Early secretory phase D- Late secretory phase . 4- During first half of pregnancy, the secondary chorionic villi is covered by: A- cytotrophoblast. B- syncytiotrophoblast. C- both of the above. D- non of the above 5- Exteroceptors responsible for one of the following sensation : A- Detection of movements. B- Change of position. C- Detection of vibration . D- Pain and temperature. 6- The organ of Corti is characterized by the following EXCEPT: A- It consists of hair cells and supporting cells. B- Resting on the basilar membrane. C- It is covered on its medial side by the vestibular membrane D- It extends throughout the cochlear duct.

7- At the corneo scleral junction, the following changes are seen EXCEPT: A- The corneal epithelium passes unchanged to the bulbar conjunctiva epith. B- The Bowman's membrane passes unchanged. C- The substantia propria (stroma) becomes continuous with the fibrous tissue of the sclera. D- The endothelium extends to line the trabecular spaces of Fontana. 8- One of the following is NOT considered an epidermal appendage: A- Sweat gland. B- Hair. C- Hypodermis. D- Nails. 9- At the ano rectal junction, the epithelium changed from: A- Stratified squamous non keratinized to simple columnar. B- Simple columnar to stratified squamous non keratinized, C- Simple columnar mucous secreting to simple columnar with striated border. D- Stratified squamous keratinized to stratified squamous non keratinized. 10- The circumvallate papillae have the following characters EXCEPT: A- They are conical in shapes. B- They are 7-12 in number. C- They are present along the v shaped sulcus. D- Have numerous taste buds. 11- The protein synthesizing cell present in the epithelium of the intestinal crypt is : A- Goblet cells. B- Parietal cells. C- Paneth cells. D- M (microfold cell ). 12- All are correct as regards blood renal barrier EXCEPT: A- Fenestrated endotheliumof blood capillaries. B- Filtration slits with their covering diagrams. C- The pedicles of podocyte on the basement membrane of blood capillaries. D- Thick basement membrane. 13- Melanocyte has the following characters EXCEPT : A- Acts as antigen presenting cell. B- Derived from neural crest. C- Located between the cells of stratum basale and in the hair follicles. D- Responsible for synthesis of melanin

14- The duct of salivary gland, in which the cells are ion transporting cells, is: A- Interlobular duct. B- Main secretory duct. C- Striated duct. D- Intercalated duct. 15- All the following layers are present in the epidermis of thin skin EXCEPT: A- Stratum basale B- Stratum spinosum C- Stratum lucidum D- Stratum coraeum II- Put (â&#x2C6;&#x161;) at the right sentences and (X) at the wrong one:

16- The intra pulmonary bronchus has similar structure like that of the trachea . -------------- ( ) 17- Keratinocytes are the most abundant cells in the epidermis . -------------------------------- ( )

18- Islets of Langerhans is the exocrine portion of the pancreas . -------------------------------- ( ) 19- Anterior horns nuclei of the spinal cord are sensory nuclei . --------------------------------- ( ) 20- Pyloric glands are straight simple tubular gland with narrow lumen . ----------------------- ( ) 21- Meibomian glands in ..... tarsus of eyelid are modified sweat glands . ----------------------- ( ) 22- The muscle spindle and tendon spindle are members of proprioceptor system. ------------- ( )

23- Parotid gland is an example of mixed salivary glands . ---------------------------------------- ( ) 24- Hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract is formed from axons of neurosecretory cells of the supra optic and paraventricular nuclei . -----------------------------------------------------------------------------( )

25- Priman spermatocytes contain 46 s chrmosomes . ---------------------------------------------- ( ) 26- Corpora amylacea are seen in the lumen of the prostatic glands . ----------------------------- ( ) 27- Primordial follicles are surrounded by a single layer of flattened follicular cells . ---------- ( ) 28- Trapezoid body disappears at the lower level of pons (facial colliculus) . ------------------- ( ) 29- Chromaffin reaction is specific for steroid secreting cell of the adrenal cortex ------------- ( )

30- Cone cells of the retina are sensitive to higher intensity of light . ---------------------------- ( )

Tanta University Faculty of Medicine Histology Department

Time : 3 Hours Date: 19/7/2011 Total Marks: (75 marks)

Second Year Final Histology Examination . (60 Marks)

Give an account on the following questions and illustrate your answers with labeled diagram:

1- Fundic glands of the stomach.

(8 Marks)

2- Neurohypophysis with reference to hypothaiamo-hypophysea! tract. (6 Marks) 3- Apocrine sweat glands. (4 Marks) 4- Neuromuscular spindles. (6 marks)

5- Growing ovarian follicles. (5 marks) 6- Draw a labeled diagram of : (16 Marks) A- Macula utriculi. (4 marks) B- Larynx. (4 marks) C- Lower level of pons (Facial colliculus). (4 marks)

D- Seminal vesicle . (4 marks)

MCQ & True Or False (15 Marks)

Tanta University Faculty of Medicine Histology Department

Time : 3 Hours Date: 14/9/2011 Total Marks: (75 marks)

Second Year Final Histology Examination . (60 Marks)

Give an account on the following questions and illustrate your answers with labeled diagram:

1- Intestinal villi with reference to the epithelial cells. (10 Marks)

2- Zona glomerulosa of adrenal gland. (7marks)

3- Placental structure and blood-placental barrier . (9 Marks)

4- Podocyte and blood-renal barrier. (9 Marks)

5- Cornea. (8 Marks)

6- Draw a labeled diagram of:

A- Pacinian corpuscle . (5 Marks) B- Open medulla . (6 Marks) C- EM of a mature sperm . (6 Marks)

Faculty of Medicine Histology Department Second year

Date: 14/9/2011 Marks : (15 Mark)

I- Choose the correct answer : (1/2) Mark for each one : 1- Goblet cells in the respiratory tract are characterized by:

A- They are the most abundant type of cells. B- The apical portion is wide and contains mucinogen granules. C- They have afferent nerve endings on their basal surfaces. D- The}' belong to DNES (Diffuse Neuro-Endocrine System).

2- The intrapulmonary bronchi are characterized by the following characters EXCEPT: A- The epithelium is pseudostratified columnar ciliated with goblet cells. B- The supportive layer contains the C-shaped hyaline cartilage C- The seromucous glands and lymph follicles are present in between the cartilage plates. D- The submucosa layer is indistinct.

3- All are changes that occur at the pyloroduodenal junction EXCEPT:

A- Appearance of intestinal villi. B- Appearance of goblet cells in the intestinal epithelium. C- Appearance of Brunner's glands in submucosa of duodenum. D- The muscularis externa is thicker in small intestine than that in the pylorus.

4- The epithelium of intestinal crypts consists of all the following cells EXCEPT: A- Oxyntic cells. B- Enteroendocrine cells.

C- Goblet cells. D- Paneth cells.

5- large intestine is characterized by :

A- presence of paneth cells. B- presence of taenia coli. C- no appendices epiploica. D- it is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

6- Stratum corneum consists of many layers of cells whose cytoplasm is filled with: ABCD-

Melanin. Keratin. Carotene. None of the above.

7- All are true as regard sebaceous glands EXCEPT:

ABCD-

They are present in thick skin. They are holocrine branched acinar gland. Their secretion is called sebum. They are derived from epidermal epithelium of hair follicles.

8- The glomerulus is:

A- Afferent arteriole. B- Efferent arteriole.

C- Capillary tuft. D- None of the above.

9- Pars nervosa contains all the following EXCEPT: ABCD-

Pituicytes which are branched supporting cells. Herring bodies in axon terminals. Fenestrated blood capillaries. Follicular cells.

10- Interstitial cells of leydig are: A- Protein secreting cells. B- Steroid secreting cells. C- Mucus secreting cells. D- Phagocytic cells.

11- Zona pellucida is: ABCD-

Thick glycoprotein coat surrounding the oocyte. Made of simple columnar cells present in the uterus. Germinal layer surrounding the ovary. granulose cells that adhere the oocvte to the wall of the follicle.

12- The organ of Corti is characterized by the following EXCEPT: ABCD-

It consists of hair cells and supporting cells. Resting on the basilar membrane . It is covered on its medial side by the vestibular membrane It extends throughout the cochlear duct.

13- The neural retina ends on a wavy line at posterior border of ciliary body called: ABCD-

Bruch's membrane Descemetâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s membrane Ora serrata Bowman's membrane

14- All are true about blood brain barrier EXCEPT: ABCD-

The continuous endothelial cell of the brain capillaries. The.continuous basement membrane of the endothelial cells. The continuous ependymal cell wall. Foot-like expansions of astrocyte processes enveloping the capillaries.

15- The epithelium of the vas deferens is: A- Pseudostratified columnar without stereocilia. B- Pseudostratified columnar with slereocilia. C- Pseudostratified columnar with goblet cells. D- Stratified columnar with stereocilia.

II- Put (â&#x2C6;&#x161;) at the right sentences and (X) at the wrong one (1/2) Mark for each one :

16- The chief (Zymogenic) cells of the gastric glands have the characteristics of ion transporting cells. 17- Alveolar macrophages (Dust cells) are derived from monocytes. 18- Superior level of pons is the site of four lemnisci. 19- The parietal layer of Bowmanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s capsule, is lined with simple squamous epithelium. 20- Malpighian layer of epidermis consists of both stratum granulosum and stratum corneum.

21- The stomach is lined by simple columnar ciliatedepithelium. 22- Sweat glands are simple tubular coiled glands. 23- Colloid of thyroid follicle is PAS negative material.

24- Formation of corpus luteum is stimulated and maintained by the effect of LH of the pituitary gland. 25- In spermatocytogenesis, spermatogonia are transformed into primary spermatocytes. 26- Blood-testis barrier is formed mainly by the tightjunctions between the lateral processes of two adjacent Sertoli cells at the level of sperrnatogonia. 27- Formation of the myelin sheath in CNS is the function of oligodendrocytes. 28- Mucosa of vagina is lined by stratified squamous non keratinized epithelium.

29- By E/M, actin and myosin filaments are seen in the cytoplasm of myoepithelial cells 30- The blood sinusoids of the liver are lined by a discontinuous layer of fenestrated endothelial cells.

Tanta University Faculty of Medicine Histology Department

Time : 3 Hours Date: 30/6/2010 Total Marks: (75 marks)

Second Year Final Histology Examination . (60 Marks)

Give an account on the following questions and illustrate your answers with labeled diagram:

1- Structure of Hepatocyte. (8 Marks)

2- Podocyte. (7 Marks)

3- a- Figment epithelium of the retina. (5 Marks) b- Milk secreting cell. (5 Marks)

4- Structure and functions of Sertoli cell. (8 Marks)

5- Structure of thyroid follicle. (8 Marks)

6- Melanocyte. (8 Marks)

7- Draw only:

a- Intrapulmonary bronchus. (3 Marks) b- CIosed medulla at the level of sensory decussation. (5 Marks)

c- Gastro-esophageal junction. (4 Marks)

Faculty of Medicine Histology Department Second year

Date: 30/6/2010 Marks : (15 Mark)

I- Choose the correct answer : (1/2) Mark for each one : 1- Regarding the blood air barrier, air in the alveoli is separated from blood in capillaries by the following structures EXCEPT:

ABCD-

The surfactant layer on the alveolar surface. The cytoplasm of the aiveolar cells (type 1). The fused basal laminae of type I Pneumocyie cell and endothelial cells of the capillary. The-cytoplasm of macrophage.

2 - All are correct regarding the distal convoluted tubules EXCEPT: ABCD-

It. is part of the nephron. It is lined by simple columnar epithelium. It. has acidophilic cytoplasm. It has no brush border.

3- All are correct as regard the middle piece of mature sperm EXCEPT: ABCD-

It measures about 5 micron. Its outer circumference contains a sheath of mitochondria. Contains nine outer dense fibers. Its axoneme is formed of 9 triplets of microtubules with two central singlets.

4- Zona pellucida is: ABCD-

Thick glycoprotein coat surrounding the oocyte. Made of simple columnar cells present in the uterus. Germinal layer surrounding the ovary. Granulose cells that adhere the oocyte to the wall of the folliclc.

5- The cells of the pineal gland are called: ABCD-

Follicular cells Parafollicular cells Pinealocytes P cells

6- The organ of Corti is characterized by the following EXCEPT: ABCD-

It consists of hair cells and supporting cells. Resting on the basilar membrane. It is covered on its medial side by the vestibular membrane It extends throughout the cochlear duct.

7- What is the surface modification seen an the epithelial cells lining the epididymis? A- Stereocilia. B- Cilia. C- Keratinization. D- Villi

8- Myoid cells axe seen in: A- Prostate, B- Epididymis, C- Testis. D- Seminal vesicles.

9- Which cell type of the epidermis is involved in the mediation of immune responses ? A- Merkel's cells. B- keratinocytes. C- melanocytes. D- Langerhans cells.

10- The oviduct (Fallopian tube) is lined by:

A- Simple cubical epithelium. B- Simple columnar non ciliated epithelium. C- Simple columnar partially ciliated. D- Stratified columnar epithelium.

11- Zona pellucida is:

A- thick glycoprotein coat surrounding the oocyte. B- simple columnar cells present in the uterus. C- germinal layer surrounding the ovaiy. D- granulosa cells that adhere the oocyte to the wall of the follicle.

12- What cell types are found in the respiratory epithelium ? A- Ciliated cells. B- Goblet cells. C- Brush cells. D- All of the above.

13- Pars nervosa contains all the following EXCEPT: A- Pituicytes which are branched supporting cells. B- Herring bodies in axon terminals. C- Fenestrated blood capillaries. D- Pinealocytes.

14- All are true about rods EXCEPT:

A- the flattened membranous disks are continuous with plasma membrane. B- the flattened membranous disks contain rhodopsin. C- they are sensitive to dim light. D- the synaptic region is a club shaped presynaptic terminal.

15- During first half of pregnancy, the secondary chorionic villi is covered by : A- Cytotrophoblasi. B- Syncytiotrophoblast. C- Both of the above. D- None of the above.

II- Put (â&#x2C6;&#x161;) at the right sentences and (X) at the wrong one (1/2) Mark for each one :

1- Chromaffin cells are present in suprarenal cortex. 2- The hair cells of organ of Corti are characterized by the presence of multiple stereocilia and one true cilium. 3- The cells of the main sensory nucleus of the spinal cord are present in the tips of posterior horn. 4- Blood-testis barrier is formed mainly by the tight junctions between the lateral processes of two adjacent Sertoli cells at the level of spermatogonia. 5- Mucosa of vagina is lined by stratified squamous non keratinized epithelium. 6- Type I pneumocyte cells are connected to type II cells by desmosomes and tight junctions. 7- Sebaceous glands are present in thick skin.

8- The mucosa of duodenum contains Brunner's mucus secreting glands. 9- The brush border of intestinal absorptive cells is formed of microvilli. 10-Thick ascending part of Loop of Henle is similar to proximal convoluted tubules in structure and function. 11-Proximal convoluted tubules are lined by pyramidal cells having strongly basophilic cytoplasm. 12-Stratum lucidum is well developed in the thin skin. 13-Classical hepatic lobule is formed of polygonal mass of liver tissue with a portal tract present in its centre. 14-Basophils of par distalis are PAS positive. 15-Loop of Henle is present mainly in renal cortex.

Tanta University Faculty of Medicine Histology Department

Time : 3 Hours Date: 21/8/2010 Total Marks: (75 marks)

Second Year Final Histology Examination . (60 Marks)

Give an account on the following questions and illustrate your answers with labeled diagram:

1- Olfactory epithelium . (7 marks)

2- Structure of exocrine part of pancreas . (9 marks)

3- Juxtaglomerular apparatus . (9 marks)

4- Endometrium . (9 marks)

5- Muscle spindle . (6 marks)

6- Pars nervosa . (8 marks)

7- Draw only :

a- Thick skin . (4 marks) b- EM of a sperm . (4 marks) c- Rectoanal junction . (4 marks)

Faculty of Medicine Histology Department Second year

Date: 21/8/2010 Marks : (15 Mark)

I- Choose the correct answer : (1/2) Mark for each one : 1- C- shaped hyaline cartilage is present in the wall of : A- Trachea. B- Intrapulmonary bronchi. C- Bronchioles. D- None of the above.

2- All are changes that occur at the pyloioduodenal junction EXCEPT: A- Appearance of intestinal villi. B- Appearance of goblet cells in the intestinal epithelium. C- Appearance of Brunner's glands in submucosa of duodenum. D- The muscularis externa is thicker in small intestine than that in the pylorus.

3- Which cell type is responsible for the pigmentation of the skin ? A- Myoepithelial cell. B- Keratinocyte. C- Monocyte. D- Melanocyte.

4- All are correct as regards blood renal barrier EXCEPT: A- Fenestrated endothelium of blood capillaries. B- Filtration slits with their covering diagram. C- The pedicles of podocyte. D- Thick basement membrane.

5- For gastric glands, the following types of cells are present EXCEPT: A- Parietal cells, B- Mucous neck cells. C- Goblet cells. D- Chief cells.

6- One of the following is not related to filiform papillae : A- Conical in shape. B- Surrounded by a deep groove, C- Have no taste buds. D- Their epithelium is stratified squamous partly keratinized.

7- The epithelium of intestinal villi consists of all the following cells EXCEPT: A- Columnar absorptive ceks. B- Enteroendocrine cells. C- Goblet cells. D- Paneth cells

8- The prostate shows all the following characters EXCEPT:

A- It is a compound tubulo-alveolar gland. B- The secretory epithelium lining the gland is simple or pseudostratified columnar. C- Has a thick inner and outer longitudinal and a middle circular muscular layers. D- May contain corpora amylacea.

9- All are true as regard sebaceous glands EXCEPT: A- They are absent in thick skin. B- They are holocrine branched acinar gland. C- Their secretion is called .,ebum. D-They open in sweat glands.

10- The parotid salivary gland is: A- Purely serous. B- Mixed, mainly serous. C- Purely mucous. D-Mixed, mainly mucous.

11- All are true for pyloric glands EXCEPT: A- They B- They C- They D-They

are simple branched tubular or compound tubular glands. are short coiled glands. are present in submucosa of pyloric region. have mucus secreting and enteroendocrine cells.

12- The oviduct is lined by:

A- Simple cubical epithelium. B- Simple columnar non ciliated epithelium. C- Simple columnar partially ciliated. D-Stratified columnar epithelium.

13- Cells of Zona glomerulosa of adrenal cortex have the following characters EXCEPT: A- Cytoplasm is acidophilic. B- Cells are protein secreting cells. C- Cells are rich in lipid droplets. D-Cells are separated by wide fenestrated capillaries.

14- Large intestine is characterized by:

A- Presence of paneth cells. B- Presence of taenia coli. C- No appendices epiploica. D- It is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

15- Malpighian corpuscle is present in : A- Renal cortex only. B- Renal cortex and medulla. C- Thick skin, D- Thin skin.

II- Put (â&#x2C6;&#x161;) at the right sentences and (X) at the wrong one (1/2) Mark for each one :

16- Brush border of the intestinal columnar absorptive cells is formed by microvilli. 17- Primary spermatocyes are the smallest spermatogenic cells. 18- Primordial follicles are characterized by a single layer, of flattened follicular cells which surround the oocyte. 19- Spongiocytes are present in suprarenal medulla. 20- The dermis of thick skin contains sweat glands, but lacks hair follicles and sebaceous glands.

21- Myoepithelial cells cire present between the epithelial cells of secretory acini of pancreas and their basal lamina. 22- Merkel's cells are antigen presenting cells that has immunological function.

23- Alveolar macrophages (Dust cells) are derived from monocytes. 24- Anterior horns nuclei of the spinal cord are sensory nuclei. 25- Langerhans' cells contain rod shaped granules (Birbeckâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s granules) .

26- Meibomian glands in tarsus of eyelid are modified sweat glands. 27- Closed medulla (motor decussation) has large gracil and cuneate nuclei while their tracts are small).

28- Portal-lobule-is a diamond mass-of liver tissue supplied by same terminal branches of portal vein and hepatic artery . 29- At the end of proliferative phase, the endometrium becomes thick and the glands become highly convoluted. 30- The molecular layer of cerebellar cortex contains dendrites of Purkinje cells and granule nerve cells .

Tanta University Faculty of Medicine Histology Department

Time : 3 Hours Date: 29/6/2009 Total Marks: (75 marks)

Second Year Final Histology Examination . (60 Marks)

Give an account on the following questions and illustrate your answers with labeled diagram:

1-Cells linning fundic gland of the stomach. (10 Marks) 2-Olfactory mucosa. (8 Marks) 3-Cells other than keratinocytes in skin epidermis. (9 Marks) 4-Adrenal cortex. (9 Marks) 5-Fallopian tube. (8 Marks) 6-Photoreceptors. (8 Marks)

7-Draw only: a- Cerebellar cortex. (4 Marks)

b- Bio od renal barrier. (4 Marks)

MCQ & True Or False (15 Marks)

Tanta University Faculty of Medicine Histology Department

Time : 3 Hours Date: 12/6/2008 Total Marks: (75 marks)

Second Year Final Histology Examination . (60 Marks)

Give an account on the following questions and illustrate your answers with labeled diagram:

1-Lining epithelium of respiratory portion. (5 Marks) 2-Epithelium lining intestinal villi (EM). (5 Marks) 3-Pathway of pain and temperature. (5 Marks) 4-Pineal body (gland). (5 Marks)

5-Sertoli cell and blood testis barrier. (7.5 Marks) 6-Cells in epidermis other than keratinocytes. (5 Marks)

7-Podocyte and blood renal barrier. (7.5 Marks) 8-Liver acinus. (5 Marks)

9-Rods of the retina. (5 Marks) 10-Draw only:

a- Mature Graafian follicle. (5 Marks) b- Organ of Corti. (5 Marks)

MCQ & True Or False (15 Marks)

Tanta University Faculty of Medicine Histology Department

Time : 3 Hours Date: 27/6/2007 Total Marks: (75 marks)

Second Year Final Histology Examination . (60 Marks)

Give an account on the following questions and illustrate your answers with labeled diagram:

1-Lining epithelium of respiratory portion and blood air barrier. ( 9 Marks) 2-Epithelium lining of intestinal crypts of Lieberkuhn. (10 Marks) 3-Pathway of conscious proprioception. (9 Marks)

4-Structure of uterus including cervix. (9 Marks) 5-Sperrniogenesis with E/M of mature sperm. (10 Marks)

6-Epiderms of thick skin. (9 Marks) 7-Podocyte and blood renal barrier. (9 Marks)

8-Draw only: a- Cornea. (5 Marks) t- Suprarenal cortex. (5 Marks)

MCQ & True Or False (15 Marks)

Tanta University Faculty of Medicine Histology Department

Time : 3 Hours Date: 22/8/2007 Total Marks: (75 marks)

Second Year Final Histology Examination . (60 Marks)

Give an account on the following questions and illustrate your answers with labeled diagram:

1-Melanocyte and pigmentation of the skin. (9 Marks) 2-Structure of exocrine part of pancreas. (10 Marks) 3-Juxtaglomerular apparatus . (10 Marks) 4-Pars distalis. (9 Marks)

5-Sertoli cells and blood-testis barrier. (9 Marks) 6-Auditory pathway. (9 Marks)

7-Neuroglia. 9 Marks) 8-Draw only: a- Mature ovarian (Graafian) follicle. (5 Marks) b- Organ of Corti . (5 Marks)

MCQ & True Or False (15 Marks)

Tanta University Faculty of Medicine Histology Department

Time : 3 Hours Date: 13/6/2004 Total Marks: (75 marks)

Second Year Final Histology Examination . (60 Marks)

Give an account on the following questions and illustrate your answers with labeled diagram:

1-Fundic gland with reference to its cells (LM & F.M). 2-Gall bladder. 3-Trachea with reference to its lining epithelium. 4-Compare between proximal and distal convoluted tubules. 5-Melanocyte and pigmentation of skin. 6-Pathway of pain and temperature.

7-Rods and cones of retina. 8-Draw only: EM of different parts of mature sperm.

Tanta University Faculty of Medicine Histology Department

Time : 3 Hours Date: 30/6/2003 Total Marks: (75 marks)

Second Year Final Histology Examination . (60 Marks)

Give an account on the following questions and illustrate your answers with labeled diagram:

1-Structure of parotid gland. 2-Structure of Appendix. 3-Pouocyte and blood renal barrier. 4-Thyroid follicle with reference to synthesis of its hormone.

5-Spcrmatogenic cells of the seminiferous tubules. 6-Epidermis of thick skin (keratinocytes).

7-Corneoscleral junction. 8-Pathway of unconscious proprioception.

1- Draw only: * Intra pulmonary bronchus. (2010-2008) 2-Give account on: * Olfactory epithelium. (2010-2009) * lining epithelium of respiratory portion. (2008) * Lining-epithelium of respiratory portion and blood air barrier (2007-2002-2001) trachea w0ith reference to its respiratory epithelium. (2006-2004) * Intra pulmonary bronchus and bronchiole. (2004) * Cells lining respiratory portion of lung. (2004) * LM of trachea. (2003-2001) * Respiratory / epithelium. (2000)

1- Draw only * Gastro oesophogeal junction. (2010-2008) * Recto anal junction. (2010-2004-2001) 2- Give account on: * Structure of hepatocyte. (2010-2003) * Exocrine part of pancreas. (2010-2008-2007-2005-2004-2002-2002) * Cells lining fundic gland of stomach. (2009-2006-2004-2003-2000) * Epithelium lining intestinal villi. (2008-2001) * Liver acinus. (2008-2003-2001) * Epithelium lining of intestinal crypts of lieber Kuhn. (2007) * Classic hepatic lobule. (2006-2001) * Lingual papilla. (2006-2000) * Appendix (2005-2003) * M cells. (2004-2003-2002-2000) * Gall bladder. (2004) * EM of fundic gland basal cells. (2001)

1- Draw only: * Thick skin. (2010-2000) 2- Give account on: * Melanocyte. (2010-2007-2004(final and 20%)-2003) * Non keratinocytes cells in epidermis. (2009-2008) * Epidermis of thick skin. (2008-2007-2006-2001) * Keratinocytes of thick skin. (2003)

1- Draw only: * Blood renal barrier. (2009) 2- Give account on: * Podocyte and blood renal barrier (2010-2008-2007-2004-2005-2003) * Juxta glomerular apparatus (2010 -2007) * Difference between proximal and distal convoluted tubules. (2008-2004-2003) * Blood supply of kidney. (2006) * Types of cells in renal corpuscle (2004)

1- Pars nervosa. (2010-2003-2001-2000) 2- Pars distalis. (2007-2000) 3- Adrenal cortex. (2009-2007-2004-2001-2000) 4- Structure of thyroid follicle & synthesis & release of hormones. (2010-2003-2001-2000) 5- Pineal body. (2008-2005) 5- Polypeptide secreting cells (APUD). (2001) 6- Draw only: suprarenal cortex. (2007)

1- CelIs lining seminiferous tubules. (2001) 2- Spermatogenic cells of seminiferous tubules. (2003) 3- Spermiogenesis & E/M of sperm. (2010-2007-2005-2004-2002-2000) 4- Sertoli cells & blood testis barrier. (2010-2008-2007-2005-2000) 5- Accessory glands of male genital system. (2000) 6- Prostate. (2001) 7- Draw only: E/M of sperm. (2010-2004)

1- Mature Graffian follicle & its fate. (2008-2007-2004-2002-2000) 2- Corpus luteum. (2000) 3- Fallopian tube. (2009) 4- Structure of uterus including cervix. (2007-2002) 5- Endometrium. (2010) 6- Menstrual cycle. (2005) 7- Milk secreting cell. (2OlO) 8- Draw only: mature Graffian follicle. (2008-2007-2002-2000)

1- Layers of cornea. (2007-2002-2001) 2- Corneoscleral junction. (2005-2003) 3- Pigment epithelium of the retina. 4- Photoreceptors (rods & cones). (2009-2008-2005-2004-2000) 5- Layers of retina. (2004) 6- Organ of Corti. (2008-2007-2001-2000) 7- Draw only: cornea. (2007-2002) 8- Organ of Corti. (2007-2008) 9- Corneoscleral junction. (2005) 10- Layers of retina. (2004)

1- Draw only: * Closed medulla at level of sensory decussation. (2010) * Cerebellar cortex. (2009)

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