LAST E-CIGARETTE James Shale james.fa.shale@gmail.com
PROBLEM SPACE AND RATIONALE Product Description
PROBLEM SPACE AND RATIONALE
UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS 9 PRODUCT DESIGN
James Shale
‘LAST’ is an electronic nicotine delivery device, its purpose is to act as a quitting aid for smokers and electronic cigarette users. It works by heating a liquid solution with nicotine in, into a gaseous form which the user inhales to mimic smoking. ‘LAST’ connects wirelessly to a smartphone application, to give the user feedback about their daily nicotine intake. The app also provides the user with motivational statistics and material to psychologically sustain their process of quitting nicotine. The ‘LAST’ supports cessation by forcing the user to take longer and longer breaks between usage, which over time drops the nicotine levels in the user’s body and lessens the physical symptoms caused by nicotine dependency, the main cause of smoking addiction. The set programme can be overridden using the smartphone app to best suit the user’s lifestyle and needs, or followed directly for the quickest way to remove the user’s nicotine dependency. The aim of the ‘LAST’ electronic cigarette is to be the first electronic cigarette that fully supports smoking cessation as well as the first through the MHRA licencing system to be classed as an electronic medical delivery device. At present there are no electronic devices retailing in the UK that have a device or mechanism that support cessation, the closest method is using different strength liquids in conventional devices.
“LAST’ is an electronic nicotine delivery device, its purpose is to act as a quitting aid for smokers and electronic cigarette users. LAST forces the user to take longer breaks between nicotine hits as it is used, This helps the user to eventually end their nicotine Dependency.”
DISCOVERY PHASE
DISCOVERY PHASE NICOTINE PRODUCT USERS UK 2014
Tobbaco Smokers 10 Million
James Shale
E- Cig Vapers 2.1 Million
ASH are a governmental organisation that collect data and carry out research on Smoking and vaping in the UK. They were very useful in my secondary research for collecting data about the demographics of smoking, Market sizes and finding relevant scientific studies on health implications and smoking behavior.
‘People continue to smoke despite the adverse health impacts mainly due to the physical and psychological affects that Nicotine has on the body.’
NL Benowitz, 2008
•22% of Men Smoke •17% of Women Smoke •Worst age demographic for smoking (25-34) •Best age demographic for smoking (60+) Total Smokers UK 10 Million
69% Openly admit wanting to Quit
30-40% Attempt to quit each year
Nicotine has been clinically shown to affect an individual’s mood and performance levels and with no uncertainty has been implicated as the primary source of addiction to tobacco. Smoking is essentially a person’s attempt to reach a desired nicotine level in the body. Nicotine is absorbed through the pulmonary venous, and quickly reaches the brain in approximately 15 seconds. (NL Benowitz, 2008) Smoking is a behavior that is also affected by conditioning, triggers associated with the senses that are psychologically associated with the act of smoking can also be drivers creating an addictive urge. The taste and smell of tobacco, as well as mood changes and stress relief as well the social aspects of smoking are key examples of this. (J. Richard Eiser, 1985)
UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS 10 PRODUCT DESIGN
THE RISE OF THE ELECTRONIC CIGARETTE
James Shale
Smoking in general has seen a decline in market size, this is a possible explanation for the fall in people quitting using nicotine replacement products in general before the rise in popularity of the electronic cigarette. The number of people using electronic cigarettes has continued to rise since 2013. In 2015 the market was 3.4 times the size of the total NRT market.
USER INSIGHT ‘People will always cheat and have bad periods, a successful system will incorporate this and not shame the individual for it.’ ‘Reference systems are useful for quantifying scientific values and principles, using them helps to construct a programme anyone can follow. We use ProPlus points instead of Calories or KJ.’ Weight Watchers leader Sheila and her group in Camden shared tools they use to manage their food addictions, how individuals had motivated them selves to change and how they had maintained their behavioral changes.
UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS 11 PRODUCT DESIGN
DISCOVERY PHASE
‘We use positive and negative reinforcement to encourage behavior change. Educating people, public weigh ins and weekly reviews are all powerful tools.’
DESIGN PHASE
SOLUTION SPACE
INTRODUCING LAST D e l i v er y tine iN co
w Pr vie e R ss Ce
ogress
Tool ation
y E as p Sim
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Refil
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James Shale
‘LAST’ is an electronic nicotine delivery device, its purpose is to act as a quitting aid for smokers and electronic cigarette users. ‘LAST’ connects wirelessly to a smartphone application, to give the user feedback about their daily nicotine intake. The ‘LAST’ supports cessation by forcing the user to take longer and longer breaks between usage.
Nicotine Fluids Strengths 18-0mg /ml can be bought from OEM manufacturers. I decided to create my own labeling system to utilise the power of the placebo effect.
Programme 1 Blood Nicotine Level Vs Time Blood Nicotine Level (Cigarettes)
10 7.5 5
Smoking to Vaping Changeover
Nicotine Reduction Phase
Nicotine Placebo Phase
2.5 0
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Time
UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS 12 PRODUCT DESIGN
There are four variations within the brand No.1 = 18mg /ml RRP £5.99 No.2 = 12mg /ml RRP £4.99 No.3 = 6mg /ml RRP £3.99 No.4 = 0 mg/ml RRP £2.99
EXPLODED VIEW
James Shale
Part Manufacture Number Method
Dimensions
Materials
Tooling Unit Cost Cost
1
Injection Moulding
14mm x14mm x 28mm
ABS
£9,927 £0.14
2
CNC Lathe
14mm x 14mm x 9mm
Stainless Steel N/A
3
Injection Moulded
7mm x 7mm x 15mm
ABS
£4,289 £0.06
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Injection Moulded Extrusion Moulded Injection Moulded CNC Lathe Component Sourced CNC Lathe Injection Moulded Injection Moulded Injection Moulded Component Sourced Component Sourced Extrusion Moulded Injection Moulded
7mm x 7mm x10mm 6mm x 6mm x 30mm 14mm x 14mm x 23mm 14mm x 14mm x 13mm 8mm x 8mm x 30mm 14mm x 14mm x 16mm 12mm x 10mm x 15mm 12mm x 11mm x 15mm 7mm x 11mm x 5mm 13mm x 35mm x 1mm 13mm x 13mm x 50mm 14mm x 14mm x 85mm 14mm x 14mm x 5 mm
ABS Stainless Steel Clear ABS Stainless Steel Stainless Steel Stainless Steel Stainless Steel ABS ABS Silicone PCB LithiumBattery Stainless Steel ABS
£7,843 £500 £5202 N/A N/A N/A £4,112 £7,289 £5,443 N/A N/A £500 £4,060
£0.07 £0.08 £0.08 £0.26 £0.08 £0.15 £0.11 £0.14 £0.07 £1.24 £1.06 £0.26 £0.07
SOLUTION SPACE
UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS 13 PRODUCT DESIGN
£0.12
SOLUTIONS SPACE
ELECTRONICS AND CIRCUIT DESIGN
In its simplest form the circuit is a battery, that powers a micro controller, which intern controls the voltage to a heating element to vaporize the nicotine solution. Because the design needs to send and receive information a Controller with a Blue tooth module was used. An LED was added to give the user visual feedback, and a transistor was required to be able to turn the heating element on and off. REPLACING THE HEATING ELEMENT
James Shale
REFILLING THE FLUID
UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS 14 PRODUCT DESIGN
SMART PHONE APPLICATION DESIGN CONSUMPTION
OVERIDE
ONLINE SHOP
REINFORCEMENT
SPONSORS
UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS 15 PRODUCT DESIGN
SOLUTION SPACE
The app gives the user feedback on consumption so the user can view their progress, there are pages to allow users to add cheating when they have smoked actual cigarettes, the app tries to motivate the person attempting to quit by highlighting health impact the user should notice, as well as the total amount of financial savings. The app also links to social media so groups can quit together ior individuals can share progress.
James Shale
HOMESCREEN
SOLUTIONS SPACE
EVALUATION REQUIREMENT
SCORE
WEIGHT EVALUATION
NICOTINE DELIVERY The device must allow adjusted levels of nicotine available as a daily allowance
4
CONSUMPTION The device should
The design allows the user to override the set programme to their desires, perhaps this is too much freedom. But it seemed a better alternative to have them over using the cessation device than smoking tobacco
90%
4.5
The app allows the user to check their consumption daily as well as logging past data so progress can be measured
85%
3.5
The battery in the prototype is a 620mAh battery, With average usage the battery life should last 4 days, the fluid tank can store 3 ml of fluid, which is on average two days supply
65%
2.5
The RRP is ÂŁ39.99 this is the equivalent of just over five packs of cigarettes a 10 a day smoker would be saving money by day nine of usage, the fluid running costs are vastly smaller than cigarette prices
4
Quitting smoking is a behavioral change that is easily reversed a successful solution freezes this change. The app pages offer statistics and material to reinfoure the pshycological battle
give a visual representation of daily consumption
James Shale
FUNCTIONALITY
The solution should not require maintenance i.e. Re-filling, charging or replacement for a minimum of 48hrs COST
The device must be the same cost or less to the user than the cost of smoking cigarettes
SUSTAIN
The solution should reinforce the behavioral change of wuitting nicotine consumption
FINAL SCORE
EVALUATION
70%
75%
77%
UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS 16 PRODUCT DESIGN