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2016, V29 Learn English with Franyiver and Roximarireth

Editorial

All presented material is created by: -Franyiver Monserrat -Roximarireth Talavera

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- The authors

PAST TENSE………………………………………….. 5-23 PRESENT TENSE………………………………..….24-43 FUTURE TENSE……………………………………..44-49 MORE TENSES…………………………………..…50-54

This magazine is create with a simple finalist, to teach you how to use the times correctly. First we have past tenses, it four forms: past simple to say something that you did in the past and it's already finished. Past perfect to say something that you did in the past but you can do again.

Past continue to say something that you was doing. and the past perfect continue to say something that You had been doing. And the last is future, it has two forms. Will to expect a future that can happen or no, it is a possibility and it's use to make predictions too. And be going to it a really sure future. These are the way to communicate in English and if you dominate these you can expressed all that you want you say

The past tense is a grammatical tense whose principal function is to place an action or situation in past time.

In English, the past tense (or preterite): is one of the inflected forms of a verb.

The past tense of regular verbs is made by adding -d or -ed to the base form of the verb, while those of irregular verbs are formed in various ways. (such as see→saw, go→went, be→was/were).

The simple past consists of just the past tense form of the verb (he walked, they flew, etc.), although when it is negated, emphasized or inverted it is sometimes necessary to unfuse the verb, using a periphrastic construction with did (as in did he walk? etc.) – see do-support. The simple past is used for describing single occurrences or habitual occurrences in the past, and sometimes for states existing in the past.

The simple past tense is used for the following: For actions that happened in the past The past simple is the most usual tense for talking about things that happened or have finished before now. Very often we use a word or expression of finished time with this tense. In the following example sentences the expressions of finished time are shown in bold:

•

She came to Germany two years ago.

• It rained every day for a week on my vacation.

•

Columbus discovered America in 1492.

•

I played tennis at the weekend.

• I didn't see you yesterday. Were you in school?

• My mother went shopping on Saturday but she didn't buy anything.

• I felt embarrassed when the teacher asked an easy question but I didn't know the answer.

• The weather was bad this afternoon so we didn't have a picnic as planned.

•

How did you do that?

•

Did you see the film on TV last night?

•

Why didn't you do your homework?

In reported speech In reported speech it is common to shift the tense back. So for example, if someone said something to you in the present tense, you would report it in the past tense. Look at these examples. In each case the first sentence is direct speech and the second sentence is in reported speech. The verbs in the past simple form are shown in bold.

•

She said: "I live in Frankfurt."

• She told me she lived in Frankfurt. * • He said: "I can speak 5 languages."

• He said he could speak 5 languages.

• The new girl millionaire!"

said:

"My

father

is

a

• The new girl told me her father was a millionaire but I don't believe her!

• She said: "My mother doesn't like German food."

• She said her mother didn't like German food.

• He said: "I don't feel well."

• He said he didn't feel well.

• She asked: "Do you like ESL lessons?"

• She asked me if I liked ESL lessons.

• The teacher said: "Do you know the answer?"

• The teacher asked me if I knew the answer.

In conditional sentences The past simple tense is used in conditional 2 sentences. Have a look at some examples before reading the explanation about what the conditional 2 is. The verbs in past simple form are shown in bold.

•

I would help you if I had time!

• If I were the teacher I would give lots of homework every day!

• What would you buy if you won a lot of money?

• If you bought a calculator, you wouldn't have to borrow mine all the time!

• If you didn't eat so much junk food, you would be a lot fitter!

• I would be much happier if you didn't do that!

The past continuous is formed using the simple past of be (was or were) with the main verb's present participle: He was going. This form indicates that an action was ongoing at the past time under consideration.

The past continuous is used for the following: For actions happening at some time in the past When we want to talk about an action that was happening over a period of time in the past, we use the past continuous tense. Look at these examples:

• At this time last week I was lying on the beach in Florida.

• My mother was working in the garden so she didn't hear the telephone when I called her yesterday.

• I had my car fixed because it wasn't working properly.

• Sorry, I wasn't listening. Can you say it again please?

•

What were you doing at 8 o'clock yesterday?

• Why were you talking to John when I saw you in the cafeteria yesterday?

• I went to lunch too early. The food was still being cooked. (passive)

The past continuous is very often used with the past simple to say that something happened in the middle of something else. In each of the following examples, the single event (past simple) happens in the middle of a longer action (past continuous).

•

You phoned while I was having a bath.

• When I got home yesterday, a cat was sitting on the roof.

• It started to rain just as we were getting ready to have our picnic.

• The boy was standing on the table when the principal came into the room.

• Many people were shopping in the market when the bomb exploded.

• I saw Noriko in town yesterday. She was wearing a pink dress and an orange hat!

• When I went to bed last night the sun was already beginning to rise.

• It was lucky we weren't sitting under that tree when the lightning hit.

• What were you doing when the lights went off last night?

• it?

Were you watching me when I showed you how to do

•

How fast was she driving when she had the accident?

The past perfect combines had (the simple past of have) with the past participle of the main verb: We had shouted. This denotes that an action occurred before a specified time in the past, and therefore has similar function to the pluperfect found in some languages.

The past perfect is used for the following: For actions that happened before a past event When we want to talk about an action that happened before a past event, we often use the past perfect. Look at these examples:

• When I got home yesterday, my father had already cooked dinner.

• I didn't want to go to the movies with my friends because I had seen the film already.

• My friend offered me an apple in class yesterday, but I wasn't hungry because I had just eaten lunch.

• I arrived very late at the party. All my friends had already gone home.

• As soon as she had done her homework, she went to bed.

• I was very tired as I hadn't slept well for several days.

•

Had you seen the film before?

Notice how often words like already, just, never etc. are used with the past perfect.

In reported speech The past perfect is common when we report people's words or thoughts .., as in the following examples:

• John said that he had never eaten sushi before.

• She told me that she had finished, but I knew she had not.

• She wondered why he had been so unkind to her.

• He told me he hadn't done his homework, but he was hoping to finish it on the bus.

• I thought I had sent her a birthday card, but I was wrong.

In if (conditional) sentences The past perfect tense is used in unreal or hypothetical situations, as in the following sentences:

• If I had known you were in Frankfurt, I would have called you. (but I didn't know you were here so I didn't call you!)

• If I had had enough money, I would have bought you a better present. (but I didn't have enough money.)

• I would have been very angry if you had laughed when I got the answer wrong. (but you didn't laugh, so I wasn't angry.)

• She wouldn't have been able to finish, if you hadn't helped her. (but you did help her and she did finish.)

• I wish I had studied for my exams. (but I didn't study - and I got bad grades!)

• I would have been in big trouble if you hadn't helped me. (but you did help me so I stayed out of trouble.)

The present tense is a grammatical tense whose principal function is to locate a situation or event in present time. The term "present tense" is usually used in descriptions of specific languages to refer to a particular grammatical form or set of forms; these may have a variety of uses, not all of which will necessarily refer to present time. For example, in the English sentence My train leaves tomorrow morning, the verb form leaves is said to be in the present tense, even though in this particular context it refers to an event in future time. Similarly, in the historical present, the present tense is used to narrate events that occurred in the past.

The present tense is divided in 3 parts or branches.

The present simple Tense: The present simple tense is used to talk about the things that we do or that occur every day. In order to use it in affirmative sentences, you basically need the subject and a verbs for a complement is not always required.

- Examples: They work from Monday to Friday.

She works from Monday to Friday.

When verbs end in: S, SH, CH, X, Z, O, you must add ES, and pronounce a new syllable.

I, You, They, We

He, She, It

Pass

Passes

Wash

Washes

Watch

Watches

Fix Buzz Go Examples: I watch T.V a lot He watches T.V a lot

Fixes Buzzes Goes

When there is a consonant before Y, you must change the ending to IES.

I, You, They, We Cry

Study Fly

Examples: We Cry easily.

She cries easily.

He, She, It Cries

Studies Flies

As for the rest of the endings, you simply need to add S.

I, You, They, We

He, She, It

Make

Makes

Love

Loves

Drink

Drinks

Examples: I drink coffee.

He drinks coffee.

Be careful with the verb Have.

I, You, They, We Have

Examples: I have a dog He has a dog

He, She, It Has

In the case of negative sentences, the verbs must not be modified, and the use of the negative form of the auxiliary is required.

I, You, They, We Do/ Don’t

He, She, It Does/ Doesn’t

Examples: -

They don’t work from Monday to Friday.

-

She doesn’t work from Monday to Friday.

-

I don’t watch TV a lot.

-

He doesn’t watch TV a lot.

-

I don’t have a dog.

-

He doesn’t have a dog.

The present simple is used for the following: Repeated actions The present simple tense is very often used with adverbs of repeated time.

Look at these examples (the adverbs are shown in bold):

•

I always come to school by car.

•

She frequently arrives here before me.

•

He never forgets to do his homework.

•

I often catch the late bus home.

•

I play football on Saturdays.

• Once a year I fly back to visit my family in Korea.

• The classrooms are cleaned every evening after school.

• She sometimes loses her temper, but it doesn't happen very often.

•

Do you ever eat in the cafeteria?

•

Does your father speak English every day?

Simple statements of fact When we want to state a fact or ask a question without any time reference, we use the present simple tense.

•

I live in Frankfurt.

• She plays football but she doesn't play tennis.

• For breakfast he eats rice and drinks cold milk.

•

She works very hard.

•

My friend speaks four languages.

•

It rains a lot in Germany.

•

I don't like horror films!

•

Do you smoke?

•

Does your sister have any children?

• How much does it cost to buy an apartment in Frankfurt?

In jokes, anecdotes and film or book summaries The present simple tense is very often used in jokes and when telling a story to make the joke or story seem more immediate. This use of the present tense is sometimes called the graphic present.

The present simple is also used to retell what happens in a book or film. • •

So in he walks with a parrot on his shoulder.

In his new film Robert Redford plays the part of a brave cowboy.

To refer to the future The present simple is often used to refer to future events that are scheduled (and outside of our control).

• •

Hurry up! The train departs in 10 minutes.

I leave Frankfurt at 5 o'clock in the morning and arrive in New York at midnight the next day.

•

She has a piano lesson after school today.

• There's no need to hurry. The train doesn't leave for another 30 minutes.

•

When does the meeting begin?

We use the Present Continuous Tense to talk about activities happening now.

When we want to talk about an action that is happening now or at this time (and is unfinished), we use the present continuous tense. We also use this tense when we want to make clear that the action is temporary.

It’s made up of the verb to be plus a gerund, that is a verb in the ´´ing´´ form.

For example: I am working.

You are running.

They’re studying.

Present continuous is used for the following: For future arrangements We usually use the present continuous tense for future events that have already been arranged: Examples: •

I'm meeting my mother at the airport tomorrow.

• •

Our grandmother is visiting us at Christmas.

Sorry, I can't stay after school today; I'm playing tennis with Jun-Sik.

•

•

My mother's going to the dentist tomorrow.

I'm not going home at Christmas, so I can come to your party after all!

•

Are you doing anything on Sunday morning?

•

Do you know if he is going to the dance with Maiko next week?

To express annoyance at repeated actions: Usually the present simple is used for repeated actions. For example, He always gets up before 7 o'clock, but .. the present continuous is the correct choice when the speaker wants to express annoyance at a repeated action. (Note how often the word "always" is used in such statements): -You are always interrupting me when I'm talking and I don't like it!

-She's always tapping her pencil on the desk and it's getting on my nerves!

-My ESL teacher's always giving detentions; how can anyone be so mean?

-I'm getting tired of you always coming late to class.

The present perfect tense is quite complicated to explain. It is used when an action that happened in the past continues to have a strong connection in the present.

The best way to understand it is to look at some examples. They are followed in each case by a short explanation:

• I have lost my dictionary. (I don't have my dictionary now; can you help me find it?)

• Mary has fixed my computer (My computer is working now and I'm happy about it!)

• You haven't eaten very much. (Don't you feel well? Don't you like it?)

• I haven't read his letter. (I haven't had time yet. What does he say?)

• Have you seen my calculator? (- I want to use it now!)

• Has she had an accident? (- Someone said she's in hospital!)

• Have you done your homework? (- It's due today!)

With words of unfinished time The present perfect tense is used with words or expressions of unfinished time. Unfinished time started in the past and continues into the present. (So you can see how this use of the present perfect is connected with use 1 above.)

Here are some sentences in the present perfect.

The expressions of unfinished time are shown in bold.

• I've played tennis 3 times already this week and it's only Thursday!

• She's been back to Korea twice already this year, and she's going again next week!

• Sorry, I've seen that film already. I don't want to see it again.

•

I've lived in Germany since 1986.

•

She's had a lot of bad luck recently.

•

I haven't seen my mother for 2 months.

• No, you can't use the bathroom. You haven't finished the exercise yet.

• She hasn't called me lately? Do you think she's sick?

•

Have you ever seen a ghost?

•

Has he lived here all his life?

•

Has the postman been yet?

In grammar, a future tense is a verb form that generally marks the event described by the verb as not having happened yet, but expected to happen in the future.

English grammar provides a number of ways to indicate the future nature of an occurrence. Some argue that English does not have a future tense—that is, a grammatical form that always indicates futurity—nor does it have a mandatory form for the expression of futurity. However, there are several generally accepted ways to indicate futurity in English and some of them—particularly those that use will or shall—are frequently described as future tense.

The will/shall future consists of the modal verb will or shall together with the bare infinitive of the main verb, as in "He will win easily" or "I shall do it when time permits".

(Prescriptive grammarians prefer will in the second and third persons and shall in the first person, reversing the forms to express obligation or determination, but in practice shall and will are generally used interchangeably.

There are several different ways in English that you can talk about the future. This page is an introduction to the most important ones:

Future Tense is used for the following: Predictions/statements of fact The auxiliary verb will is used in making predictions or simple statements of fact about the future.

• •

The sun will rise at 6.30 tomorrow.

Lunch break today will be 10 minutes longer than usual.

•

In the year 2050 all students will have their own computers in school.

• • •

•

If you help me, I will help you.

Do you think she will come soon?

You won't pass your exams if you don't start working harder.

I know my parents won't let me go to the party.

•

•

Will it snow for Christmas?

I know she's sick, but will she be back in school tomorrow?

Intentions

The auxiliary verb going to is used in talking about intentions. (An intention is a plan for the future that you have already thought about.)

•

We're going to buy a new car next month.

•

I'm going to work in a bank when I leave school.

• In the new year I'm going to stop eating so much junk.

• He's not going to go to the dance. He's got too much work.

• I'm not going to watch TV until my science project is finished.

•

Are you going to play basketball after school?

•

What are you going to have for lunch today?

Note: going to is often used in the past tense to talk about an unfulfilled intention. Examples: I was going to study for my grammar test, but I had no time. / He was going to call you, but he couldn't find his mobile phone. / My grandmother was going to visit us, but she fell and broke her arm.

Arrangements

The present continuous tense is used in talking about arrangements. (An arrangement is is a plan for the future that you have already thought about and discussed with someone else.)

•

I'm meeting my mother at the airport tomorrow.

•

Our grandparents are visiting us this Christmas.

•

Sorry, I can't stay after school today; I'm playing tennis with Jun-Sik. •

•

My sister's going to the dentist tomorrow.

I'm not returning home for the holidays, so I can come to your party after all!

•

Are you doing anything on Sunday morning?

•

Do you know if he is going to the dance with Maiko next week?

Scheduled events

The present simple tense is usually used to refer to future events that are scheduled (and outside of our control).

• •

Hurry up! The train departs in 10 minutes.

I leave Frankfurt at 5 o'clock in the morning and arrive in New York at midnight the next day.

•

•

She has an appointment with the headmaster after school today.

There's no need to hurry. The train doesn't leave for another 30 minutes.

•

When does the meeting begin?

Below is a list of some of the less common tenses, followed in each case by examples. Note that the continuous tenses convey the idea of an event or state going on for a period of time: Present perfect continuous

• I have been working in the garden all day, and now I'm extremely tired.

• She has been living in a one-room apartment since she left home.

•

How long have you been playing the piano?

• He's been learning German for two years, but he still can't speak it very well.

• We've been painting our house since last Friday, but we're still a long way from finishing.

•

We haven't been living in Germany very long.

•

Why are you sweating? Have you been running?

Past perfect continuous • I had been working in the garden all day, and all I wanted to do was sleep.

• She had been living in a one-room apartment for a year before getting married.

• How long had you been playing the piano before the accident with your hand?

• He'd been learning German for two years, but he stopped when he returned to Japan.

• We'd been painting our house for two weeks, but we were still a long way from finishing.

Future continuous • At this time next week I will be sitting in the plane on the way to New York.

•

Don't call me after 10 o'clock. I'll be sleeping.

• If you want to see Miho tomorrow, you will have to go to the school. Shewill be taking a test all afternoon.

• I won't be working on my car this weekend. My motherin-law will be here.

Future continuous • At this time next week I will be sitting in the plane on the way to New York.

•

Don't call me after 10 o'clock. I'll be sleeping.

• If you want to see Miho tomorrow, you will have to go to the school. Shewill be taking a test all afternoon.

• I won't be working on my car this weekend. My mother-in-law will be here.

Future perfect • I hope my mother will have finished cooking dinner by the time I get home.

• You can come at 6 o'clock. I will have done my homework by then.

• There's no point calling her at home. She will have left for work already.

•

On June 25 2020 they will have been married for 60 years.

Future perfect continuous •

By the time I retire I will have been working here for 45 years!

• If she reaches her 60th birthday, she will have been smoking for half a century!

Future continuous • At this time next week I will be sitting in the plane on the way to New York.

•

Don't call me after 10 o'clock. I'll be sleeping.

• If you want to see Miho tomorrow, you will have to go to the school. Shewill be taking a test all afternoon.

• I won't be working on my car this weekend. My mother-in-law will be here.

Future perfect • I hope my mother will have finished cooking dinner by the time I get home.

• You can come at 6 o'clock. I will have done my homework by then.

• There's no point calling her at home. She will have left for work already.

•

On June 25 2020 they will have been married for 60 years.

Future perfect continuous •

By the time I retire I will have been working here for 45 years!

• If she reaches her 60th birthday, she will have been smoking for half a century!

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