J O B
Design Journal
An Enacted Manual for Immigrants Business in Job Warehouse
Wei (Lexie) Fan 967655 M e lbou rn e S ch oo l o f De s ign M aste r o f Arch it e ct u re De s ign T h e s is — S e me s t e r 2, 2020 S t u dio L e a de r: Yv on n e M e n g
J O B
An Enacted Manual for immigrants business in Job Warehouse
Co ntents
'T he ch ie f f unc ti o n o f the city is to convert power into form, energy into culture, dead matter into the living symbols of art, biological reproduction into s ocia l cr e a tiv ity ' ——Le w is M u mf ord
1. Research 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
Research Hypothesis Immigrant history in Job warehouse Living conditions of early immigrant Key findings in current immigrant experience Readings
2. Site study 2.1 Site Mapping: street scene 2.2 Immigrant business case study 2.3 Diverse immigrants around site 3. Concept design 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6
System design Urban study Proposal program Program combination logic Design toolkit Concept Design
4. Sketch design 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4
Refined design statement Concept introduction Precedent study Sketch design proposal
5. Design Development 6. Other relevant precedent Appendix Le w i s M um fo r d, 'The city in History: its origins its transformatio n , and ites prospect s . '
Reference List
J O B
Research Hypothesis
P a r t on e Research
As an immigration country, Australia holds people from about 200 countries who speak a variety of different languages. From immigrants experiences research, immigrants who have culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) background are a group that are particularly at risk of social isolation. Job warehouse, once a successful and iconic immigrant business model, as it stands today is bare and underutilised. Using social life scenarios and intangible immigrant cultural value as an opportunity to challenge the profitdriven business model, my thesis aims to transform the site into a multicultural business platform in which new renters can integrate in the local community, meanwhile, providing more social opportunity for surrounding neighborhood.
1
2
During Gold Rush period, Job warehouse, was a vivid place to incubate business opportunities for new migrants, there was a cluster of people of diverse cultural backgrounds and occupations living together.
3
J O B
Immigrant history in Job warehouse
4
J O B
Immigrant history in Job warehouse
Job Warehouse is a rare surviving example of a pre-gold rush commercial building, and of an early shop row, a type which was once common in the city but has now almost completely disappeared.
150 000
Job Warehouse is architecturally significant as an example of the small-scale austere Georgian style buildings typical of pre-gold rush Melbourne. This style was the basis for most architecture in Australia from the time of European settlement until at least the mid-nineteenth century, but is not common in Victoria, as after 1851 the wealth generated by gold soon led to the popularity of more ornate styles and the replacement of earlier buildings.
150 000
100 000 100 000
50 000
After the gold rush, Australia ushered in an immigration boom and explosive population growth. In March 1851, Victoria’s population was 80,000, not including Aborigines. By 1854 the population tripled to 237,000 and by 1861 it had doubled again to 540,000.
34 000
20 000
1851
1852
1855
1858
Victorian gold fields population 1851-1858
500 000
540,000
11% other
400 000 300 000
29% Australian born
237,000
200 000 100 000
80,000
1851
1854
1861
Victoria’s explosive population growth 1851-1861
5
60% UK
In 1861, 29% of the population was Australian born, 60% were from the United Kingdom and 11% were from other parts of the world.
6
J O B
Immigrant history in Job warehouse
As far back as the 1850s, slums existed in inner city Melbourne. Slum dwellers lived a squalid existence. Often, they had no bathrooms, or sewerage. They lived in ramshackle housing, with leaky roofs and holes in the walls. The portrait of slums in the Melbourne city is intended to rellect the predicament of an torn between population growth and economic depression.
Fig. 1 A ustralian Gold R ush Immigrants, Hulto n Arc h iv e / G et t y Ima ges
"One of the most striking peculiarities here to a new arrival is the immense encampments that surround Melbourne. The vast number of tents that stud the open ground in every direction conveys a clear idea of that enormous emigration to Victoria, which requires, in addition to the house accommodation of an overgrown city, the erection of canvas suburbs, where the hordes of adventurers daily arriving, may find a temporary shelter on landing, and before starting to the great storehouses of Mammon at Mount Alexander and Ballarat."
"People are flocking in from all countries now, and there is not accommodation for a tenth of them. Some have to sleep in sheds, &c., who never knew anything but a feather-bed in England. We have had very heavy rains lately; several people have been drowned on their way to and from the diggings in attempting to swim the creeks, as the Government does not think of putting any bridges where required; indeed, the people are beginning to murmur against the abominable way in which our government is carried out." ( letters written to the Australian and New Zealand Gazette,1852)
3600
"It would be utterly impossible to give you any idea of the state of things in Melbourne now. It is such as the world never saw before, and perhaps never will again. With thousands arriving every day from England, California, and America, &c., we have still the same number of houses in Melbourne that we had when the population was only about 24,000 before the gold discovery. You may think what it must be now. A complete wilderness of tents has sprung up all round the city, in which all the most hardened villains in the colony have their haunts, and through which it is not safe to walk in broad daylight."
Diagram: Typical plan of slum, showing how two adults and eight children can live in a three-roomed house
https://www.sbs.com.au/ gold/ story.php?storyid= 4 9
7
8
J O B
Living conditions of early immigrant
1
2
4
7
10
14
11
15
3
5
6
8
9
13
12
16
17
Living conditions of slums in Melbourne,1930s
Annotation: 1.children's bedroom 2.The kitchen is the front room, behind is the bedroom, which is papered with bills, salvaged from the tip. 3. A house made wholly of corrugated iron. Oswald Barnett stands in street. 4. Windbreaker and daily fixtures in slums 5. Entrance to a slum pocket ,The pool in the foreground was the drainage from a stable 6.Collingwood. Open air wash-house typical of thousands. 7. The backyards of five houses in Fitzroy was taken around 1935 8.Poor children with toys 9.Wash-house and bath-room,The only water laid on is the tap over the gully trap. The only washing convenience the hand basin on the box. 10.West Melbourne. A "Dudley Mansion."ďźŒDudley Flats was the popular name for the waste-grounds in West Melbourne where many of the city's homeless lived. 11.Carlton. Broken roof stuffed with old clothing. 12.External bathing facilities, North Melbourne 13.The children's playground 14.the Victorian Premier of the time, Sir Albert Dunstan, entering a condemned house. 15.Continuous enclosed facade facing Barkly Street. 16.Slum pocket, the props and clothes hung out to dry. The ramshackle shed contains lavatory 17.They were discovered to be flea-bites
Source: https://cv.vic.gov.au/stories/built-environment/the-unsuspected-slums
9
10
J O B
Semiotics precedent
Living conditions of early immigrant John Hejduk human being
“Masques“
Semiotics
content concept signified
symbol serve
theory
relationship
character
architectural structures
Charles Jencks
represent
embody
nature of building serve
“gather up“
form verb
knowledge and thoughts
a piece of knowledge of the world and it is its record.
Symbol
form word signifier
result
transmit through
1 John Hejduk Masques,1986
Thought
result
Referent percept denotatum thing
Charles Jencks
2 The Charles Jencks Semiologic Triangle ,1969 The Semiologic Triangle ，1969 Semiotics precedent John Hejduk keeper of the records
The constructions are all autonomous objects configured like characters in a play. All of them are titled, with each name signifying the role of the single object in the construction of the project. Some serve theory structures present joyful features, others echo the site’s previous occupation, reminding images of terror. Some of the structures have simple body features, like the playground equipment, others are chambers, represent embody labyrinths, towers or small pavilions.
“Masques“
Semiotics
architectural structures
symbol
relationship
character
All the structures were developed by Hejduk with little sketches of silhouettes or perspectives. One of the drawings shows the structures aligned in a grid and numbered in a sequential order while others display the structures scattered on the plan, describing a sort of variable, incremental verb town.
result
nature of building a piece of knowledge of the world and it is its record.
serve
“gather up“
knowledge and thoughts
human being
form
Symb
form word signifier
result
transmit through
1 John Hejduk
2
Masques,1986
keeper of the records
Semiotics study for translating slum's everyday life (Author's drawing)
11
Fig.2 John Hejduk,Masques diagrams,1986
The co configu titled, single o structu site’s pr Some o like the labyrint
All the s sketche drawing number the stru of varia
John Hejduk,Masques,1986 12
J O B
M a i n immigr a nt i on rou tes: to a bet ter l i fe
Key findings in current immigrant experience
More than 7.5 million people living in Australie in 2019 were bom overseas, which under 30% of Australla's resident population. Based on the last census 2016, Victorian's migration trends are changing. The percentage of long settlement Europe immigrants are declining, while those born in Asia have increased signifi cantly in numbers. Sydney (39%), Melbourne (35%), and Perth (37%) were also the most popular cities fo migrants when considered in proportional terms, with more than a third of the population in each of these cities being born overseas.
I m m igr ants b y v i sa t y pes
24,330 Family
13
37,780 Skill
23,760
Special Eligibility and humanitarian
16.630
Temporary work skilled
23,920
Student other
75,550
Higher education sector
53,710 Visitor
24,190
Working Holiday
5,990
New Zealand Citizen
14
Recent census data shows number of Immigrants from Non-English speaking areas such as Asain increase significantly in recent years. Different cultural group has their perferred settlement location in Melbourne.
J O B
Key findings in current immigrant experience
LGAs in the northeast (such as Brimbank and Wyndham) and south-east of Metro politar Melbourne (Casey, Monash and Greater Dandenong) have the largest number of overseas-born
Population density of LGAs in Melbourne
TOP 10 countries of migrants (Author's drawing)
15
16
Recent findings show that compared with general Australian, the CALD group has more issues. Newcomers have difficulties to establish social networks and older migrants have higher risk of isolation.
Key f indings i n rec en t mi gran t s
17
J O B
Key findings in current immigrant experience: Isolation,depression,stress Ke y findings in the aging ex perienc e from m i grant bac kgrounds
18
J O B Readings
Sa s k ia Sassen
J os e ph Rykwe rt
sociologist
arch itectu ral h istorian s an d critics
'pu blic is a spa ce in wh i c h t he r e i s a mo m e n t a r y co n dit io n o f e qu a l i t y . A t s o m e p oin t in t h e f u t u r e , m an y o v e r us e d c i t i e s wit h h a ve t o be r e c o ns t r uc t e d . '
Defin ed th e street as 'h u man mov emen t in stitu tion alized', rath er th an bein g a con v en ien t in frastru ctu re for trafic, th e street is a 'complex civ ic in stitu tion , cu ltu re - specific an d capable of dazzling formal variations and calculated nuancea balan cin g act complicated by th e adv en t of au tomobile'
N ot e s: aspir a t io n s a n d spe cu l a t i o ns b r i ng about new and meaningful infrastructures for o ur u r ba n fu t u r e s. T h e cit y, fr o m a s i m p l e se t t le m e n t , can be r e a d a s a c o l l e c t i o n o f infr a st r u ct u r e s a n d a s a co llage o f p l a c e s . There a r e co u n t le ss n u a n ce d fo rm s o f 'p l a c e ' th at o ccu r wit h m e ldin g o f har d a nd s o f t in f r a s t r uc t ur e.
19
20
J O B Readings
Examing people-place relationships from a cognitive perspective, as an approach to the way places influence individuals' action, This approach indicates that the way people value places, and their behaviour in places, is the result of processing information about a geographical setting by the human mind(Burnett, 1976)
group&cultural fators
geographic setting
information processing strategies
personality characteristics
information processing
values& attitudes
Decision
biophysical attributes social&political process socio-cultural meanings
Physical environment
cognitive processes
Behavior
A cognitive model of geographic decision making adapted from Burnett(1976) and Canter(1977)
21
22
J O B Readings
Fu n ction al, recreation al, an d social activ ities in tertw in e in all con ceiv able combin ation s,makin g commu n al spaces in cities an d residen tial areas mean in gfu l an d attractiv e.
Pa r t tw o Site study
Jan, Gehl Life Between Buildings: Using Public Spaces
23
24
Based on Jan, Gehl theory and take ethnographic apporaches, I analysis the urban environment for more detailed examinations of social activities in and between job warehouse. Social lifes take place in different scale in urban space.
J O B
Site Mapping - street scene
Own elaboration drawing, translating Jan,Gehl words into visual representation to understand the architectural ethnography and site environment 25
26
J O B
In Pellegrini’s , The daily social life is happening around this narrow and long bar table, in which people sharing their skill, emotions, and experience. These social scenes make Pellegrini’s work as a communal space for community beyond a bar.
Immigrant business case study Pellengrini's Expresso Bar Pellengrini's has great significance influence in the local community.People spontaneously coming to commemorate for Sisto Malaspina.
Sisto Malaspina co-owner Worked for 44 years
Sisto's everyday life in the bar
Sisto was greeting to friend
Everyday life in Pellengrini's Expresso Bar Not only just a bar for community
Sisto was making espresso
Bo urke S treet attac k ' Sea of flowers growing, people queuing for up to half an hour to sign the tribute book.' (Herald Sun) "I am weeping, Sisto has been murdered," Melbourne author Arnold Zable
Pellengrini's reopens with tribute to Bourke Street attack victim 27
Nino Pangrazio co-owner Reading the eulogy for Sisto
comforting
weeping
28
J O B
Immigrant business case study Fabric shop Daily ro untine in fabric shop
SC E N E 1 : 7 . 3 0 A M s t a f fs e n t e r t h e s h op
SC E N E 2 : 8 . 3 0 A M a r r a n ge f abr i c a n d t h e n ope n t h e s h op a t 9 A M
SC E N E 3 : 1 . 0 0 PM Se r vi c e c u s t om e r s - t h e bu s i e s t t i m e .
SC E N E 4 : 3 . 0 0 PM s e w i n g s e r vi c e
SC E N E 5 : 5 . 0 0 PM c h e c k s t oc k an d r e fi l l s h e l f
SC E N E 6 : 7 . 0 0 PM c l os e a n d c h e c k a c c ou n t s
A assumed daily life of Jacob Zeimer's family. Women and children were living on the upper floor and Zeimer worked on the lower floor.
29
30
J O B
From Burrnett’s theory , the way people value places, and their behaviour, is the result of processing information about a geographical setting by the human mind. Take paperback, romeo lane and lucy folk as examples, the behaviors of the users are influenced by shop environment and identity background.
Immigrant business case study Paperback, Romeo Lane and Lucy Folk
P h y s i c al en v i ron ment
Paperback paperback
C o gn i ti v e process
Romeo Lane
Lucy Folk
Personality characteristics
Group and Cultural Information processing strategies
reading
chatting ordering
watching
g
in alk
shaking
chatting
to uc hi ng
t
B e h a vi ors 31
reading
32
J O B
Diverse immigrants around site
Immigrant storyboard
Immigrants group have unique cultural values and ​​ skills worth sharing.
3 1
4
2
5
6
8
7 33
Annotation: 1.Masumi Hiraga Jackson, perform traditional Japanese theatre 2.Chinese arch at Federation celebrations, Melbourne 1901. 3.Chinese furniture makers, Little Bourke Street, 1880. 4.Carved Wood artworks 5.Nickel Mundabi Ngadwa,Congo Nickel paints and carves artist. 6.Sisto Malaspina, Italy espressos maker 7.Karl Muffler, German artistic cake designer 8.Jacob zemier, Polish traditional fabric
34
J O B Question
P a rt th re e Concept design
Can Job warehouse become a platform which contributes to the multiculture value? If yes, then is diversity a way to achieve that?
35
36
J O B
System design
immi g ra nts
com m unal sp ace
c om m u n it y
P roduc e
Par t icipat e
P r ov ide
immigrants workshop herb garden micro brewery
plaz a
food ma r k et
stre et
c r a f t beer k i os k
par k
T r adi ti on a l c r a f t s r eta i l s
art galler y gam e area
M as t er c l a s s es
Based on the research, the thesis will explore the possibility of transforming multicultural value into a kind of bond to strengthen the social connection.The harmonious relationship between people and place will be built by digging cultural value and interpreting them into architectural interventions. A participaory process developed from the traditional social enterprise models which can benefit both immigrant business and community.
C o mmu n ity pa rt icipa t ory pro ce s s
pet play are a street perf orman c e event/f estival s
Pa rt icipa t e I m m i gran t En terprise C ommu n ity is determin ed by sh ared in terests an d agen da, giv in g migran ts an d refu ees th e pow er to decide c o m mercial spaces th at can ben efit both in div idu al an d commu n ity .
C o ordin a t e I nd i v i du al can decide th e u n it ty pe in terms of bu sin ess ty pe, v alu e an d n eigh borh ood relation sh ip from a v ast v ariety of u n its.
C u s to miz e O nc e un it an d combin ation are determin ed: a mu ltiple of possibilities r e s ults, goin g bey on d th e con v en tion al limitation of in terior deisgn a l o ng.Differen t cu ltu ral backgrou n d an d person ality ch aracters w ill in flu en ce u n it's ph y sical con dition s
Re wa rd F o o d M a r k e t Par t -Die u / BO MA N + f o r m e 37
T he c han gable en v iron men t w ill reflect on commu n al spaces an d th en a t t r a ct commu n ity . It w ill form a feedback loop an d mean w h ile both migran ts an d commu n ity w ill ben efit du rin g th is process. 38
J O B
Urban study Big cities: the generators of diversity Urban study
Big cities are n atu ral gen erators of div ersity an d prolific in cu bators of n ew en terprises an d ideas of all kin ds. Big cities are th e n atu ral econ omic h omes of immen se n u mbers an d ran ges of small en terprises. ( J an e J acobs, 1 9 6 1 )
Big cities are natural generators of diversity and prolific incubators of new enterprises and ideas of all kinds.
Melbourne
multiculture diversity
incubators Direct ou tpu t more dive rs ity
small manfactors
j o b op p o r t uni ti es b ett er q ual i ty of l i fe
b ett er l ang uag e ab i l i t i es
In direct ou tpu t
s k i l l i m p r ov em ent
c ul tur al t r ans m i s s i on
39
40
J O B Readings
Different understanding of public space across cultural boundaries
C la ude LĂŠ vi-St rau ss A n t hr o p o l o g i s t
H e d e m o n st r a t e d t h at e ve r y cu l t ur e ha s i t s o wn ch a r a ct e r ist ic s t hat c r e at e a sy st e m wit h a ll o t h e r cu lt u r e s a t any g i v e n m o m e n t s. Pu t ano t he r w a y , we st e r n cu lt u r e sh o u ld n o t b e v i e w e d i n t e r m s o f a lin e ar de ve l o p m e nt b ut in te r m s o f it s r e la t io n sh ip wit h t he w o r l d s ' o t he r c ul t ur e s .
41
Yo s h ih a ru T s u ka mo to Atelier Bow - W ow
'P eople ... also en j oy th e sy n ch ron y of th is gath erin g of man y differen t people, in th e same place an d at th e same time. In Japan , pu blic space is more related to th is sy n ch ron y , to th e existen ce of an ev en t h appen in g in th e city , or prov ided by n atu re or related to religiou s ritu als....Y ou lose th e bou n daries of y ou r self an d melt in to th e crow d.'
42
J O B
Proposal program From Jacobs theory, city diversity itself can permit and st im u la t e m o r e d i v e r s i t y . A s a r e s ul t , t h e h ypo t h e t ical pr o g r am s w i l l b e d e p l o y e d a s m uc h a s po ssible in t h e e a r ly st ag e t o fi nd t he b o und a r y o f t he dive r sit y, w i t ne s s i ng s e r i e s o f e v e nt s
COMMUNICATION
Th e div ersity ... is gen erated by cities rests on th e fact th at in cities so man y people are so close togeth err, an d amon g th em con tain so man y differen t tastes, skills, n eeds, su pplies, an d bees in th eir bon n ets.( J an e J acobs, 1 9 6 1 )
the servant
INTERACTION market seller
the served loud noise
tourist
quiet
SHARE SKILLS HOME OFFICE LIVING UNITS LIVING UNITS
CAFE GAME
cabinet maker
SMALL BUSINESS
space to sleep
child
shelter
elderly
soft surface
EVENTS PROJECT ROOM
hard surface
RETAILS
local artist
teenager
nature fresh air
TERRACE
busker
FABRIC
RETAILS
SMELL
wine maker
MEMORY OPEN PUBLIC
STREET LIKE
water newcomer (job seeker) pet owner
STAGE
SEATS
Program brainstorming: witnessing series of events
craft enthusiast
heat
EXISING SHOPS
ACROBATICS MUSIC
43
book reader
table
SLOW TRAFFIC
GRAPE
moderate sounds space to sit
gardener
FRUITS FARM HERB
SECURITY
office worker
shower
Market customer
relax populated space unpopulated space
pet
art enthusiast
LEGEND
wine seller
receipt enthusiast
office retails street connectivity
Design programs for identified user group
44
Proposal program
R e a s o na b l y p r o p o r t i o na t e r e l at i o ns hi p o f us e r s .
A l t hou gh cities may fairly be called n atu ral econ omic gen erators o f div ersity an n atu ral econ omic in cu bators of n ew en terprises, t hi s does n ot mean th at cities au tomatically gen erate div ersity j us t b y existin g. Th ey gen erate it becau se of th e v ariou s efficien t econ omic pools of u se th at th ey form.
Da y, ni g ht a nd w e e ke nd us e s i n r e as o nab l e b al anc e s .
T he ben efits th at cities offer to smalln ess are j u st as marked in retail trade, cu ltu ral facities, an d en tertain men t. ( J an e J acobs, 1 9 6 1 )
workshop office
J O B
Make diversity happen: effective primary use mixture
community
herb farm
raw material
micro manufature
commodity
small retail
stage
retail dining
kitchen
pet
food market
brewery
Economic loop in immigrants' small manufatures
green
wine kiosk
co-working
small business
small business
small business
small business
small business
small business
kitchen
dining
LEGEND office retails street connectivity
45
food market
workshop
small business
small business
small business
small business
small business
small business
community
workshop herb farm
community
existing retails small business
small business
small business
small business
small business
wine kiosk
existing retails
stage
small business
brewery
co-working
pet green
kitchen
green
herb farm
small business
small business
small business
small business
small business
small business
dining pet
stage food market
wine kiosk
brewery
46
J O B
Program combination logic
LEGEND office retails street connectivity
47
PROPORTION
BLOCK
Reasonably proportionate relationship of users.
short blocks provide a city-like opportunity
STREET small street link different blocks together
CORNER
BUFFER ZONE
COLLECTIVE
the intersection point of street create corner scattered randomly
Blocks penetrates up and down to form buffer zone.
short blocks produce a lot of cornner and sm al l st re e t s wi t h street connectivity elements behind.
48
J O B
Street connectivity types in multicultural context
Micro toolkit drawn from public space in multicultural context
Typ e A
Micro toolkit
S t reet c o n n ec t iv it y : en t r y/a i s l e E lemen t s : a rc h , c o lu mn U s in g t ime: a l mo s t a ll da y D u ra t i o n : s h o rt
1. sign
2. slide
3. bench
4. canopy
5. kiosk
6. step
Ro ma n F o ru m 7.fountain
8. column
9. mat
10. balcony
11. container
12. arch
St oa of A t t a l os i n Athens, Greece
M os c ow Su bw a y M os c ow , R u s s i a
T y pe B St r e e t c on n e c t i vi t y: c om m e r c i a l e ve n t s E l e m e n t s : c a n opy, ki s os k Us i n g t i m e : 6 -9 am / 5 -1 1 pm /w e e ke n d D u r a t i on : l on g
13.sidewalk
14. skylight
15. tree
16. shrub
17. table
18. sculpture
Micro combinations T y pe A:e ntry/a is le
Bl eec k er S t reet Petaling Street Kuala M ba r e M ar ke t N ew Y o rk C it y , U SA L u m pu r , M al ays i a H a r a r e , Z i m ba bw e entry 8,12
lobby 12,14
aisle 12,18
r oc ke fe l l e r pl a z a
facade 10,12
T y pe B:comm e rcia l even t s
retails 8,12
r oc ke fe l l e r pl a z a
Typ e C alcohol 9,15
cafe 16,17
market 5,11
children 2,15
forum 6,7
front yard 13,15,16
S t reet c o n n ec t i v it y : leis u r e ac t i vi t y E l emen t s : s q u a re, n a t u r e U s i n g t ime: 5 - 8 am/ 2 - 6 p m / w e e ke n d D u ra t io n : d ep en d s
T y pe C :le is ure a ctivit y
garden 3,15
49
L u h rma n n , G i s ele h i t C h a n el ' s P a ri s i an b o u lev a rd
leisure sheet J a pa n e s e C h e r r y Bl os s om Pa r t y
K i os k i n B u r g e r s Pa r k, T h a i l a n d
Spa n i s h s t e ps R om e I t al y
w a s h i n g t on s qu a r e i n n e w yor k
50
Meso Toolkits
J O B
Concept Design: iteration A
Han gi n g St age
m icr o o ffice
Theater
S e m i na r
Activity space
Kiosk
liv
Projection room
Lo b by
Market
Acrobatics
ep
cr
os s
le
Pe
y
lle
ng
st
rin
i's
S
T EC
IO
oo l
N
BO
U
E RK
ST
iteration A: Massing 51
c o - w o r ki ng o f fi c e
st
iteration A: Section 52
J O B
Concept Design: iteration B Precedent James Rojas ,Latino Urbanism Transforms and Sustains the Neighborhood Street
Dynamic shape Diversity
Personality sapcee Micro city
community
immigrants business Village-like
Precedent Jean Nouvel's , louvre abu dhabi
F ig 4: J a mes Ro ja s ,L a t i n o U rb a n i s m Transforms an d S u s t ai n s t h e Neighbo rh o o d S t reet .
Fi g 3: Je a n No uve l's ,louvre abu dhabi.
53
54
J O B
Concept Design: iteration B
iteration B: Ground plan
Immigran ts small en terprise commu n ity : su pport craft artists an d small bu sin ess
b
sta f f entry
manufacting equipment business senimar
5 6
7
raw materials storage
3
4 a
a
3 1 1
2
Annotation 1 . fo o d m a r k e t 2 . c lim b in g wa ll 3 . ro m e o la n e 4 . le is u re m a t 5 . b a c k y a rd 6 . b re we r y 7 . lift 8 . re c lin in g s p a c e r
ma r k e t e n tr y m a r ket entry
N 0
b
B O UR K E S T
10
craftwork retails
livepool st
crossley st
Pellengrini's
8
roof garden
craft man private office
iteration B: Concept detail Annotation
iteration B: Section a-a
1 . fo o d m a r k e t 2 . s ta g e 3 . h a n d ic r a ft wo r k s h ip 4 . c r a ft a r t m a r k e t 5.paperback bookshop 6 . ro m e o la n e 7 . k itc h e n 8 . le is u re m a t 9 . im m ig r a n t c lu b 1 0 . s e m in a r 11 . o ffic e 1 2 . h e r b g a rd e n 1 3 . d in n in g
10
12
9 4
11
3 5 7
13
Pellengrini's Expresso Bar
ey
sl
os
cr
st
2 1
Melbournalia
8 6
liv
iteration B: Section b-b
Annotation 1 . fo o d m a r k e t 2 . s ta g e 3 . h a n d ic r a ft wo r k s h i p 4 . re ta il 5.paperback bookshop 6 . m ic ro b re we r y 7 . s e m in a r 8 . o ffic e
er
po ol
st
B OURKE ST 55
56
J O B Reading
J ames demon strated th at th e street offer a space w ith real experience where people can feel and touch. He create 'enacted e nviron men t' con cept to examin e people as u sers an d creators of a place th rou gh th eir beh av ior pattern s w h ich are affected by cu ltu re, space an d time. ( James, 1 9 8 2 ) J ames observ ed h ow Mexican an d Mexican American s create p l ace in in East Los An geles. Th ey u se props in en acted space t o e xpress th eir iden tity an d sh iftin g th resh od by creatin g fron t y ard to ch an ge th e ty pical h ierarch y of spatial con trol.
Part four Sketch design
Fig 5 . Th e settin g for th e en acted en v iron men t
J a me s Roja s The enacted environment: The creation of 'place' by Mexicans and Mexican Americans in East Los Angeles
57
58
J O B Reading
S o cial Control
S h if t in g T h re s h o ld
Thi s d i a gra m illu st r at e s t h e diff e r e nt l e v e l s o f c o nt r o l o v e r th e street r e la t e d t o t h e ph ysica l f e a t ur e s . By w he r e t he d i fferen t a ge g r o u ps o f pe o ple p o s i t i o n t he m s e l v e s t he y , inten tio na lly o r u n in t e n t io n a lly t a ke c o nt r o l o f t he a r e a . Each g r o u p cr e at e s a se n se o f c o nt r o l o v e r a s p a c e . ( J a m e s , 1982)
Th e en closed fron t y ard becomes a large "defen dable" t h resh old in East Los An geles, w h ich in fact, allow s for m o re social in teraction to take place betw een th e residen ts an d pedestrian s.( J ames, 1 9 8 2 ) Fron t y ard is a v ery casu al in formal spot an d th e social in teraction h ere is n ot as in timate as bein g in a h ou se.
Fig 7 . Th resh old in East Los An geles
Fig 6. Diagram of the different levels of "Social Control"
59
60
J O B Reading
Co n c e p t: b r i n g p r o p s i n to Job W ar e h ou se
Prop s F o r Ja mes R a jo s, t h e pr o ps a r e ' t h e sim p l e s t m e a ns f o r c r e a t i ng a p erso n al pla ce ' (St e e le ,1 9 8 1 ) a n d t he s e l e c t i o n o f o b j e c t s and t h e n a t u r e o f t h e ir g r o u p i ng c o ns t i t ut e no nv e r b a l exp ressi o n s o f t h o u gh t , n e e d, co n d i t i o ns , e m o t i o ns . T hus , wh en p eo ple sh a pe t h e ir su r r o u n din g , t he y i nt r o d uc e m a nm a d e o r d e r . ( C o l l i e r , 1986) Th e mo st f ascin at in g t h in g a bo u t p r o p s i s t ha t t he y c a nno t b e a ccu r a t e ly de sig n e d be ca u se pe op l e a l w a y s us e t he s p a c e a cco rd in g t o t h e ir will. Eve n t h o u gh s o m e p ub l i c p r o p s ar e d esign ed b y ar ch it e ct s a n d u r ba n pla nne r s , i t i s ha r d t o p r e d i c t wh at so cia l i nt e r a c t i o n w i l l ha p p e n. I n thi s pr o po sa l, m igr a n t s can u se t he e x i s t i ng p r o p s d r a w n fro m u r ba n co n t e x t in pu blic s p ac e , b ut t he y a r e m o r e enco u r a ge d t o br in g t h e ir o w n p r o p s i n e nac t e d s p a c e . Pro p s are pe r so n a l in u se a n d r e fl e c t ho w p e o p l e "r e t r o f i t " a sp a ce. Pr o ps be co m e sym bo ls o f p l a c e f o r t he r e s i d e nt s by r e e n f o r cin g t h e ir p r e s e nc e s . '( J a m e s , 1982)
1. sign
2. slide
3. bench
4. canopy
7.fountain
8. column
9. mat
10. balcony
11. container
13.sidewalk
14. skylight
16. shrub
17. table
15. tree
5. kiosk
6. step
12. arch
18. sculpture
Co m m o n p r o p s i n ur b a n c o nt e x t
61
62
J O B
Refined design statement
Job warehouse, once a successful and iconic immigrant business model, as it stands today is bare and underutilised.Using street life scenarios and immigrant cultural value as an opportunity, my thesis aims to transform the site into a multicultural business platform.
Bo urke street
Urban texture
Bo u rk e s t reet
E n a c t ed s a p c e i n u rb a n c o n t ext
Inspired by ‘enacted environment’ (James Rojas, 1991), the project translated enacted space around Job Warehouse into architectural language to examine multicultural migrants as users and creators of space through their behavior patterns. While gaining new job and interaction opportunities, migrants can express their identity at the same time. Cultural boundaries are lost, while migrants will win diverse identities
63
64
J O B
Concept introduction
P rops are an importan t compon en t in en acted space. In addition to u sin g pu blic props in social scen arios , residen ts a l so spon tan eou sly u se person alized props to create th eir ow n space. Th e follow in g ph otos in dicate div erse props can be fou n d in e n acted space arou n d J ob W areh ou se, in clu din g posters, sh op sign s, an d sh op w in dow s.
P u b li c i n t e r a c t i on h a ppe n e d a r ou n d be n c h on Bou r ke s t r e e t
Pos t e r , s h op s i g n , a n d s h op w i n dow c a n h e l p Pa pe r ba c k books h op e x pr e s s u n i qu e i de n t i t y i n J O B Wa r e h ou s e .
Pe l l e g r i n o ba r pu t s om e c a f e t a bl e ou t on t h e s i de w a l k w h e n the weather was well
Site location 65
St a c ki n g c l ot h i n or i g i n a l J a c ob Z e i m e r ' s f a br i c s h op
66
J O B
Parti diagrams Thi s d i a gra m in dica t e s e n a ct e d spac e i s t he m ai n b etween a n o n ym o u s space a n d pr iva t e s p a c e . A s a create q u al ity enact ed space, t he hierarc hy o f s p at i al terms o f b o u n da r y a n d sh e r dh o ld sh o u ld b e d e s i g ne d
b o und a r y r e s ul t , t o c o nt ro l i n c a r e f ul l y .
S tru cture
Conne c tion to c ity
backyard
existing structure of job warehouse
Connection to existing city
keep valuable inner wall
Create dynamic circulation
w flo
flow
Bo u rk e s t reet
Structure (privated) Enacted space (semi-privated) Sidewalk (semi-public)
flow
Anonymous space (public)
Create inner street connected with backyard
Lose boundary of street
Hierarchy of spatial control around Job Warehouse street level
67
68
J O B
Site planning process
In spired by S torefron t for Art an d Arch itectu re ( S tev en Holl, 1 9 9 3 ) , th e site plan n in g aims to critical existin g solid bou n dary in Melbou rn e C BD sh oppin g space. Users are en cou raged to con trol bou n dary an d create adaptiv e space.
s h if t in g t h r es h o ld
N 0
10
Inward mode
e n clos ed
open
ex t en d
con n ect
N 0
10
Outward mode 69
70
J O B
Precedent study
Fig 9 . Th e S torefron t gallery facade fu lly closed
F i g 8 . St e ve n Ho ll an d V it o A cco nc i , S t o r e f r o nt fo r A r t a nd A r ch it e ct u r e , 1 9 9 3 , p l a n and s o ut h e l e v a t i o n
Fi g 1 0 . Exh ibition : Haas&Hah n , P ain tin g Urban ism. Learn in g from R io, 2 0 1 1 , in stallation v iew s
Sh o pf ron t f or a rt a n d a rch ite ctu re , S t e ve n H o ll
71
72
J O B
Precedent study
Fig 1 2 . colou rfu l pedestrian street in La Boca
Th e p rop s and en acted sp ac e o n Caminito st reet
F ig 1 1 . co l o u r f u l pe de st r ia n st r e e t in L a Bo ca
73
T h e C a min it o, L a B o ca Th e C amin ito is an icon ic, colou rfu l pedestrian street in La Bo c a. Local artist Ben ito Qu in qu ela Martin pain ted th e w alls of a n aban don ed street of h ou ses in brigh t colou rs an d erected a makesh ift stage for performers. He en cou raged artists an d p e r formers to sh ow case th eir w ork an d it became a h av en for artists, tan go dan cers an d performers alike. La Boca is a brigh t, v ibran t an d colou rfu l n eigh bou rh ood filled with beautiful street art, the proud blue and yellow of the Boca J u n iors an d th e brigh t primary colou rs of C amin ito.
74
J O B
Boundary strategy After faca de st u dy o f e x ist in g Jo b W ar e ho us e , I f o und t he s ho p window and signs are common enacted space for existing residents. Ho wev er, d u e t o t h e sin g le fo r m at , t h e ut i l i z a t i o n r a t e o f e na c t e d sp a ce is v ery lim it e d. T h e n ar r o w e n t r a nc e o f t he o r i g i na l b ui l d i ng m a de t h e bo u n da r y t o o s o l i d f o r v i s i t o r s t o a c c e s s .
o pe n
fixed
Th e n ew proposal aims to lose th e bou n dary betw een J ob Warehouse and create more enacted space for new users to express t he ir iden tity .Th e color facade sh ow s some bu ildin g compon en ts w ill be allow ed to be ren ov ated by u sers.
O pe ni ngs i n e x i s t i ng b ui l d i ng K ey dimen sion s of facade compon en ts
En a ct e d s p ac e i n e x i s t i ng b ui l d i ng
75
poten tial facade after en acted in terv en tion ( after 5 y ears)
76
J O B
Boundary strategy
Th ere are proposed demolition an d ren ov ation strategies for o rigin al J ob W areh ou se. Th e en acted space in clu de bu t are n ot l i m i t ed to dy n amic sh resh old, decroated arch itectu ral compon en ts an d display billboard.
1#
2#
3#
4#
3# Mi c r o gallery
1# Pap erb ack
Th e p ro p s wil l be br ou g h t ou t a n d c on n e c t t o s t r e e t
s wi n g d o o r di s pl a y boa r d d i s p la y b o a rd fo r n ew a rriv a ls
Existing
e x h i bi t i on w a l l
Aft er i n t erv en t i o n
4# C r a f t Beer Bar
2# Main entry
Th e p ro p s wil l be br ou g h t ou t a n d c on n e c t t o s t r e e t
T he r ota ting info r m a tio n board above w ill show the users c u rren t ly ac t i v e in the m a r ke t (selling food, alcohol or craftw ork ) ro t a t i n g i n fo rma t io n b o ard
s w i n g door s a l e s ki os k
s wi n g d o o r
ba r
t e m por a r y s e a t s Existing
77
Aft er i n t erv en t i o n
78
J O B
Precedent study 'eyes on the street' Th e in termediate spaces ( Van Ey ck, 2 0 0 6 ) an d th resh olds ( T ey ssot, 2 0 0 5 ) in both case stu dies are th e spaces th at allow th e tran sition betw een th e in terior dw ellin g an d th e pu blic pedestrian street. Th e con n ection an d th e gradien t betw een spaces create th resh olds an d tran scen d th e pu blic– priv ate du alism ( Greed, 1 9 9 7 ) .
F ig 13. Hanging garden s a n d a eria l p ed es t ri a n wa lk wa y s .
Fi g 1 5 . A x on om e t r i c dr aw i n g of O dh a m s Wa l k.
Odh a ms Wa lk mo rph ology Th e aim is to ach iev e a mu ltiple lan gu age able to adapt t o c ha ng i ng circu mstan ces, ... , a lan gu age composed of man y equ ally sign ifican t strata.( Virgin ia,2 0 1 8 ) F ig 14. “ ey es o n t h e s t reet ” o f O d h a ms W a l k .
79
80
J O B
Precedent study Growth and flexibility ‘Th e grow th an d flexibility of an arch itectu ral organ ism are n ot really possible except in a n ew con ception of arch itectu ral qu ality . An d th is n ew con ception can n ot be formu lated except by mean s of a more atten tiv e exploration of th ose ph en omen a of creativ e participation w h ich are labeled “disorder”’ ( De C arlo, 1 9 7 0 ,p. 1 3 )
F igure 16. 5 D ifferen t t y p o lo gies a n d a n d 4 5 v a ri at i o n s o f Vil l a ggi o M a t t eo t t i
F i gu re 1 7 . In t ermed i a t e s p a c es gra d ien t s a n d h a n gin g gard en s .
At the co re o f t h e pr o je ct a r e t wo co n c e p t s : ' t he a c c ur a c y o f t he a rc h it e ct u r a l de sig n ' a n d ' ar chi t e c t ur e and p a r t i c i p a t i o n' Vi ll a g g io M a t t e o t t i is a syst e m c o m p o s e d o f f i v e e l e m e nt s : (1 ) streets in t h e sk y; (2 ) h an g in g ga r de ns ; ( 3) b ui l d i ng“t y p o l o gy ” a s an interme diat e be t we e n blo ck a n d “f r a g m e nt , ” w hi c h al l o w s a co mmo n atmosph e r e a t t h e u r ban sca le f r o m t he m a c r o s c a l e t o t he meso - and mi cr o sca le s(G r e e d, 1 9 9 7 ); (4) s e p ar a t i o n o f p e d e s t r i a n fro m cars to a llo w a ple a sa n t da ily life a n d p r o v i d e c o m m o n s p ac e s ; (5 ) m e e t in g pla ce s t o sh a r e wit h ne i g hb o r s . ( V i r gi ni a, 2018) 81
Fi g u r e 1 8 . V i l l a g g i o M a t t e ot t i , T e r n i I t al y by G i a n c a r l o D e C a r l o.
V illa ggio M a tt e o tt i in T e rn i, It a ly Th e aim is to ach iev e a mu ltiple lan gu age able to adapt t o c ha ng i ng circu mstan ces, ... , a lan gu age composed of man y equ ally sign ifican t strata.( Virgin ia,2 0 1 8 )
82
J O B Conceptual diagrams Th e div erse floor lev els can make a ‘ey es on street ’ feelin g. P eople can observ e h ow oth ers create space
Original structure of site
Extrude
spatial diversity level
one unit for migrants business
roof leisure space
put area for props
Hanging enacted deck
Create 'sky street'
set-back private space layer by layer to create enacted space
communication platform
private level
sky street
Conceptual section
83
A sense of 'eyes on street'
84
J O B
Sketch design proposal
b reweri n g cu l t u re
co
re
esc
o ff i ce lobby
ala
tor
office e n try
core
m a rk et
core
T ru ck acce s s
livepool st
crossley st
crossley st
livepool st
Pellengrini's
marke t e n try
Pellengrini's
m i cro b rewery
p a p erb a ck b o o k sh o p g a l l ery
bar
marke t e n try
BOURKE ST
BOURKE ST
N
0
10
Site plan 85
N
0
10
Ground Floor 86
J O B
Sketch design proposal
livepool st
O n w e e k day s, craftsman or residen ts can place th eir ow n pu sh carts, v e nd o r s , or ev en min i tru ck an d sell odds an d en ds,u sed colth in g,an d ho u seh old goods. Th e grid of pav emen t in th e middle of market p r o v i d e s a gen eral lay ou t direction to h elp u sers arran ge th eir props.
crossley st
crossley st
livepool st
On weeken d s, fo o d m a r k e t , back o f br e we ry a nd b a c ky a r d c o nne c t e d togeth er, fo rmi n g a co m ple t e la r g e spa ce w he r e c o m m uni t y r e s i d e nt s can ch il l o ut, d r in k in g an d sh a r in g t h e ir fo o d . P ub l i c c an a l s o v i s i t e micr o br e we r y, e x pe r ie n cin g bre w i ng p r o d uc t i o n p r o c e s s .
BOURKE ST
BOURKE ST
N
0
10
Ground Floor (weekend mode) 87
N
0
10
Ground Floor (weekday mode) 88
J O B
Sketch design proposal
enacted deck
w o r k s ho p
w o r k s ho p
o ffice
workshop
cow o r k i ng space
ena cted a trium
e n a c te d d e c k
sky stre e t
workshop
reta ils
workshop urban stage
reta ils
enacted deck sk y street
N
0
10
Enacted atrium floor (+11m) 89
N
0
10
Publc workshop floor (+21m) 90
J O B
Sketch design proposal The d iv erse f lo o r le ve ls o n se ct io n c a n m a ke a ‘e y e s o n s t r e e t ’ feeli n g. Pe o ple ca n o bse r ve wh a t o t h e r d i d i n e na c t e d s p a c e . T he activ iti es h a ppe n o n t h e f ir st a n d se co n d f l o o r c a n c a t c h t he v i e w o f pe de st r ian , t h e n at t r a c t t he m i nt o b ui l d i ng .
In spired by j apan ese billboard street, Th e atriu m can be seen as a large can v as an d u sers can create someth in g u n predictable.
Detail B
Detail A
N 0
10
Section 91
Detail A - Atrium view 92
J O B
Sketch design proposal
T he detail draw in gs presen d th e liv in g an d w orkin g con dition for w eav in g craftsman w h o liv in g in th e migran s v illage on top of b uildin g. P u blic w orksh op are on bottom an d migran s can sh are t he ir skills w ith local commu n ity residen ts. Th e u pper floors are ha ng i ng w orkin g places. C raftsman can also decorated th eir w all by cu stomized pan el w ith fabric textu re.
enacted facade
craft working space
community workshop
Detail B - Craftsman working unit 93
94
J O B
Perspectives
95
Bourke street view
Sky street view
Crossley street view
Liverpool street view
96
J O B
Bourke street view
Pa r t f i v e
Design Development
97
98
J O B
Demolish strategy
W hile creatin g th e en acted space, th e proj ect keeps th e origin al fabric from J ob w areh ou se as mu ch as possible.
99
1
Original Job warehouse
3
New flexible fabric
2
Keep original fabric
4
Frame system
100
J O B
A Manual for retrofitting the 'enacted space'
In ord er to avoid unc ontrollab le results d ue to the sp ontaneous b ehaviors, a b rief retrof itting manual was sp ec ially written f or users. I t e x p lains: who are allowed to retrof it the sp ac e, where is the enac ted sp ac e and whic h p rop s are enc ourag ed to use.
J O B W A R E H O U S E
MANUAL Instructions and advice for retrofitting the 'enacted space'
Lexie Fan
101
102
J O B
A Manual for retrofitting the 'enacted space' Manual Book for users to use the 'enacted space'
* Definition of 'Enacted space': the space where people are allowed to use the props or retrofit designated area.
A.Original building
B.New building
In the newly built area, users can use props, change the color or material of specific architectural elements (doors, windows and balustrade panels) as well as create on the specific areas of walls.
A.1 Original paperback bookshop
B.1 Props Adaptable threshold
Before
In the newly built area, users can use props, change the color or material of specific architectural elements (doors, windows and balustrade panels) as well as create on the specific areas of walls.
Props are designed for users to display their crafts work and brands of small business
B.1.1 Swing boards
Food pushcart
B.2 Architectural elements B.2.1 Private Door
A.3 Front shops
B.1.2 Display boards
B.2.2 Bay window
B.2.3 Louver
B.2.4 Balustrade panel
B.3 The specific areas B.3.1 Micro theater
Rotating billboard Posters
103
specific architectural elements include doors, windows and balustrade panels can be changed color and pattern
After
Adaptable threshold
Before
B.1.3 Shop signs
After
A.2 Main entry
Before
* who can use: local artists, small business owners, traditional craftsman, visitors, residents...
B.3.2 Craft workshop
Replaceable module panels
B.3.3 Graffiti boards
Graffiti create
After
104
J O B
Manual Book for users to express identify by the retrofitting panels
User samples
P olish f olk c r af ts
1
pick up mod u le frames
2
c h oo se to ols f rom sh ared t o olkit s
Alicja 23 Poland Traditional Fabric textures
Vert ic al
3
H oriz on t a l
C hi n ese C a r p e ntry
s e le ct ins ta llat ion mode s
Zhi Li 37 China Woodwork
I k e b ana
Ayumi 49 Japan Japanese flowers arrangement
Vi e tnam ha nd i craf t
Pham Thi Ngoc 57 Vietnam
4
105
s e l e ct a p r e fe r r e d l oca ti o n to e xp r e s s y ou r i d e n ti fy
Bamboo w eaving
106
J O B
Adaptable space Ground floor day&night Ed g e and threshold c an help to c reate ad ap tab le sp ac e. movab le arc hitec tural c omp onents are used to b lur the b ound ary and c reate d y namic c irc ulation
9
8
10 Of
fic
Brewery
8
10
e
Market
7
To
9
Livepool St
Soft boundary
Crossley St
Adaptable threshold
Livepool St
Crossley St
Create dynamic circulation
Backyard
Market 7
1F
Truck
11
To
11
5
3 2
Annotation
6
1
3
Market
Annotation
5
2
1.Paperback bookshop 2 . R e a d in g a re a 3 . F le a m a r k e t 4 . J o b g a lle r y 5 . E x h ib itio n a re a 6 . M ic ro b a r 7 . Lo a d in g s p a c e 8 . M ic ro b re we r y 9 . B a c k y a rd 1 0 . O ffic e lo b b y 11 . O r ig in a l s ta irc a s e 1 2 . I n fo r m a tio n
4
12
1F
1 . Pa p e r b a c k b o o k s h o p (c l o s e d ) 2 . L e i s u re a re a 3 . Fo o d m a r k e t 4 . J o b g a l l e r y (c l o s e d ) 5 . D i n i n g a re a 6 . Mi c ro b a r (o p e n ) 7.Loading space 8 . Vi s i t i n g 9 . Ba c k y a rd 1 0 . D i n i n g a re a 11 . O r i g i n a l s t a i rc a s e 1 2 . In f o r m a t i o n
6
1 4 12
Market
old fabric new fabric
o ld fa b r ic n e w fa b r ic
B ourke S t
N
0
10
Ground floor: Day 9am-5pm 107
B ou rke S t
N
0
10
Ground floor: Night 6pm-10pm 108
J O B
First floor & Second floor O n the hig her f loors, tab les, c hairs and d isp lay p anels will b e d e sig ned to b e movab le, so that the sp ac e c an b e f lex ib ly transf ormed f rom retail to workshop .
4 7
5
4
4
5
3
2
10
5 6 3 2
1 8 3
2
9
2 2
4
1
N
0
Annotation
Annotation
1 . M ic ro th e a te r 2 . I m m ig r a n ts g a lle r y 3 . M ic ro b re we r y 4 . O ffic e 5 . Vo id
1 . Re t ro f i t a re a 2 . Re t a i l s 3 . S h a re w o r k s h o p 4.Communal space 5.Office
10
First floor 109
N
0
6 . Br a i n s t o r m i n g 7 . Vo i d 8.Storage 9 . Mi c ro t h e a t e r 10.Coffee making
10
Second floor 110
J O B
Third floor & Fourth floor As the f loors c ontinue to rise and p rivac y inc rease, p rivate of f ic es and ind ep end ent b alc onies ap p ear. D i f f e r e nt sc ales of c ommunal sp ac es are sand wic hed b etween p r i v a te sp ac es to inc rease p eop le’ s interac tion op p ortunities. The shared kitc hen on roof top will use herb s g rown b y r e si d ents themselves f or c ooking , and p eop le are enc ourag ed to share rec ip es f rom d if f erent c ountries on the roof .
2 2 1
2
3 6
6 4 1
2
5 3 3 2
2
1
2
4
4
3
3 3
N
0
Annotation
Annotation
1 . R e ta ils 2 . S h a re d Wo r k s h o p 3 . Co m m u n a l s p a c e 4 . Vo id
1.Community kitchen 2 . H e r b g a rd e n 3 . S h a re d Wo r k s h o p 4.Communal space 5 . Vo i d 6 . Pr i v a t e o f f i c e
10
Third floor 111
N
0
10
Fourth floor 112
J O B
Alley view: Livepool St
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
Annotation 1 . P r iv a te o ffic e 2 . Co m m u n a l s p a c e 3 . H e r b g a rd e n
N
0
10
Fifth floor 113
114
J O B
One day in Job warehouse
115
Sm a l l bu s i n es s ow n er w a s pr epa r i n g befor e o peni ng
A loc al resid ent is selling his sec ond -hand c lothes in f lea market
7 :0 0
10 :00
116
J O B
One day in Job warehouse
A vi s i t or w a s t a k i n g pi ct u re s of the w ea vi n g w or k s h o p exh ib i ti o n 1 2 :0 0
D uring the lunc h b reak, p eop le of different nationalities gathered on the roof to share their rec ip es throug h the herb g ard en and c ommunity kitc hen. 14 :00
117
118
J O B
One day in Job warehouse
1 8 :0 0
T h e exh i bi ti on h a l l w i l l ho l d r egu l a r exh i bi t i on s a b o ut i m m i gr a t i on cu l tu re 1 6 :0 0
D uring non-working hours, the b ottom of the mic ro b rewery will b e op ened to f orm a g athering sp ac e with the b ac ky ard . Peop le c an enjoy c raf t b eer here and have the op p ortunity to visit the wine c ellar. 1 8 :00
119
120
J O B
1
Comm u n ity kitc h en & Her b g a r d en
Mi c r o t he a te r
2
Program Diagrams
1
2 6
3
Li
ve
5
ol S
t
4
Cr
os s
4
121
po
le
Bo y
ur
ke
St
St
A l l e y vi e w : C ros s l e y St
3
I m m i g r a nt m us e um 122
J O B Details
4 1
3
2
2 1
4 6 3
5
5
Retrofitted Balco n y
6
Annotation
123
R e tr of i tt e d A tr i um
Annotation
1.e x te rnal wall: 20mm plaste r e x te rna l fin is h , 103mm fac e bric k , 60mm air gap, 90mm insulation, 140mm de nse c onc rete b lo c k 13mm plaste r inte rna l fin is h .
3 . B a lc o n y s tr u c tu re : 1 2 0 0 m m wid e 152*89mm UB 5 0 * 5 0 m m tim b e r jo is ts 1 5 0 m m wid e tim b e r b o a rd d e c k in g
2.Balustrade : 150mm wide softwoo d CNC patte rn
4 . F ir s t flo o r 1 5 0 * 5 0 m m s o ftwo o d jo is ts ( 4 0 0 m m c e n te r )
1.replaceable exhibition panel 2.universal steel beam 3 . re p l a c e a b l e h a n g i n g p a n e l 4 . re p l a c e a b l e w a l l p a n e l 5.double glazing floor 6.second floor: floor finish p ro c t o r w r a p D O W s t y ro f o a m RT M-X w a t e r p ro o f i n g m e m b r a n e c o n c re t e ro o f s l a b D O W Tu f f -R
124
J O B
Livepool St
Crossley St
Crossley St
Livepool St
Elevations
2 N
1
N
3
B our ke St
Bour k e St
Perspective section 125
1
B r e we r y e ntr y
2
O f f i c e e ntr y 126
J O B Conclusion
3
Ori g i n a l J ob W a re h ou s e
The new proposal for the original job warehouse aims to explore whether the user's potential and unpredictable behavior can be an effective intervention method to achieve an orderly transformation of existing buildings. The thesis explores the important influence of immigration history on job warehouse and also studies the current immigration experience in Australia, and then proposes to transform the original job warehouse into a platform that provides opportunities for skilled immigrants.
N e w J ob W a re h ou s e - B e f ore i n t e rv e n ti on
Here, immigrants will creatively retrofit the building in their own way according to multicultural background and express their identity. At the same time, the retrofitting process will be an opportunity for multicultural collisions and exchanges, which will contribute to blur cultural boundaries and reduce current social conflicts. As a result, the new Job Warehouse will be a diverse and open multicultural community in the future. As time goes on, the building will slowly be stained with color by current tenants, and the change of new and old tenants will trigger a new round of building renovation. The old Job warehouse will always be there and will always be changing.
N e w J ob W a re h ou s e - Af te r i n t e rv e n ti on
127
128
J O B Precedent
C o mf o rt to wn Lego-like Comfort Town by Archimatika brings colourful spirit
Part six
Other precedent
129
130
J O B Precedent
T a rge ted b en eficiaries
S o cia l e n t e rpris e
Targeted b ene ficiar ie s o f r e spo n din g so ci a l e nt e r p r i s e s ( N = 258)
S ocial en terprises cou ld be in terpreted as part of a broader econ omic social an d solidarity mov emen t, an altern ativ e to main stream capitalist en terprise, th at aims to combin e econ omically v iable bu sin ess for w ealth creation , serv ice prov ision , an d improving wellbeing of individuals and places (Amin et al., 2 0 0 3 ) . Th is ackn ow ledges th e con tribu tion of div erse econ omic en terprises to social an d cu ltu ral life. To be su ccessfu l in su ch a paradigm, an en terprise sh ou ld be commercially v iable an d striv e to make positiv e impacts on th e society , addressin g in div idu al an d collectiv e w ellbein g of local people; for example, th rou gh prov idin g w ork experien ce an d/ or train in g ( Fergu son an d Islam, 2 0 0 8 ; Fioritti et al., 2 0 1 4 ) .
In 2016, the mo s t c o mmo n t a rget gro u p s a re disabilities( 35% ) ,yo u n g p eo p o e( 3 3 %) ,d i s ad v a n t a ged w omen( 28% ) . There only 17% o f migra n t s , refu gees o r a s y l u m seek ers b en efi t fro m s o c i a l en t erp ri s e.
ta rg e t m ig r o s, s e er e g ek 7% fu se 1 e ,r m ts lu n sy ra a
50% 40%
ta
rg
30%
p
et
3
5
eo
p
w
le
it
h
d
is
ab
il
it
ie
s
%
20% 10% t arge t y oung people
t ar ge t di s adv an t ag ed men
33%
22%
8
d
%
is ad va n ta g ed w om en
S our c e: Ce ntr e f o r S o cial Impact, Sw inburne & Social Traders , Fi nd i n g A ustr a lia ’s S o cia l Enterprise Sector: F inal R eport, 201 6 : Analysis, p9 and Social Traders w ebs it e
131
et
%
2
m
2
rg
h
ss 2
c ommunity need bu sin esses th at create or main tain produ cts an d/ or serv ices in respon se to social or econ omic n eeds in th e commu n ity , n ot met by th e market
ta
o
it
ne
25%
r
pe
w
ill
ta rge t um emp loye d p eople
ta
t ge
e pl
en
l ta
W h a t mo tiv a t e s a n d drive s s ocia l e n te rpris e in Au s t ra lia .
p rof it red istrib ution bu sin esses th at exist to gen erate profits w h ich are redistribu ted to social programs or ch aritable activ ities.
emp loy ment bu sin esses th at prov ide employ men t,train in g an d su pport for disadv an taged grou ps.
132
J O B
T rad itional soc ial e nterp rise mod els
Precedent
Th e social en terprise migh t be u n derstood as a W IS E. Bo r z a g a a nd Depedri ( 2 0 1 4 ) ty pologise W IS Es, su ggestin g categories of: 1) s o c i a l s upport ; 2 ) sh eltered employ men t; 3 ) su pported employ men t
1
2
3
CE R ES mo d ern socia l en terp rise s
ST R E A T R e be cca S c o t t
G r e e nS he d
GROC ER Y
Est a blish e d fr o m lit t le f o o d c ar t o n F e de r a t i o n, ST R EA T n o w ha s se r ve d n e a rl y 2 m illio n cu st o me r s , a n d pr o vide d o v e r 6 0 ,0 0 0 h o u r s o f t r a in in g t o o ve r 900 yo u n g pe op l e .
m a l e - o r i e nt e d , p r o d uc t i v e a c t i v i t i e s l i ke w o o d w o r ki ng
'A lt h o u gh w e ’ v e pr o vide d o u r yo ut h wit h a wh o le bunc h o f su ppo r t s – l i ke a ssist a n ce f in d i ng st a ble h o u sin g, l i ke vo ca t io n a l ski l l s , lik e im pr ov e d m e n t a l h e a lt h a nd we llbe in g – t he y co n sist e n t ly t el l us t h e m o st im po r t a nt t h in g we ’ ve pr o v i d e d is a se n s e o f be lo n g in g.' (R e be c c a Sc o t t )
c o m m uni t y g r ant s
N U RS ER Y ORDER F AI R FO O D WORKS H OPS & COU R SES PLAYS P A CE The Merri C a fe Hon ey Lane Organ ic Fa r m CERES Jo e’s Ma r k e t Gar de n
O v e r th e past 2 0 y ears, w ork in tegrated social en terprises h av e i nc r e asin gly become a solu tion to th e issu es of w ork placemen t of v u ln erable person s” ( Borzaga an d Depedri, 2 0 1 4 ) W I S E s p r o v ide opportu n ities for th ose “w ith psy ch ological an d ph y sical d i s a b i lity , people w ith su bstan ce abu se, oth er disability , lon gterm une m p l o y men t, disadv an taged y ou n g people, immigran ts, w omen an d th ose w ith low edu cation ” ( Barraket,2 0 1 4 )
sales of wood p r o d uc t s c o nt r a c t s with disability o r g ani s a t i o ns
Soc i a l i n t e r ac t i on h appa n e d i n c om m u n i t y
https: / / ceres.org.a u / https://ww w .streat.com.au/ about/ ceo- bec- sc o t t http://www.thegreenshed.net.au/ Jane Farmer, July 2016, Social enterprise and wellbeing in community life
133
134
J O B Precedent
T e rmin a l 21 shopping mall, Bangkok represent the concept that each retail floor represents different touristic cities
F ig 1 9 . L et c h wo rt h G a rd en C it y .
Fi g 2 0 . M i ddl e E a s t e r n s ou k bu t w i t h a m ode r n t w i s t
Urb an Ut op ia L e t ch wo r t h G a r de n Cit y and W e l w y n G a r d e n C i t y co ncentric p lan o f o pe n spa ce , pa r k la n d and r a d i al b o ul e v a r d s t hat ca r e f u lly in t e g r a e d h o u sin g , ag r i c ul t ur e a nd i nd us t r y .
Fi g 2 . J a pa n e s e s t r e e t
135
136
Sawmill M arket
api(+) and Islyn Studio,2020
J O B Precedent
Reclaimed timber from the original warehouse Weaved in storied elements of heritage and indigenous craft: Feature the work of local artists, artisans and expert craftspeople and woodworkers, perpetuating the site’s tradition. The expansive outdoor terrace animates the street experience and serves as a communal dining and entertainment area for the market, a design decision that complements Sawmill’s commitment as a cultural and creative hub for communal events, movie screenings, picnics and co-working
Fi g 2 3 . J a pa n e s e c ol or fu l bi l l boa r d s h oppi n g s t r e e t
J a panes e bi l l board s treet Japanese and tourist at Shinjuku nightlife colorful billboard shopping street most population travel destination in Tokyo Japan F i g 2 2 . S a wmi l l M a rk et a p i ( +) a n d Is l y n S t u d i o ,2 0 2 0
137
138
J O B
Appendix 01. field study
1945
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
Metabolists Tange Kikutake Kiyonori Isozaki Arata Kurosawa Kisho
Futurism high quality living conditions public space function inhabitable infrastructure alternative buildings system
Semiotics uce
d
pro
John Hejduk
Kreuzberg Tower and Wings (Berlin, Germany, 1988).
Torres Hejduk. Cidade da Cultura.
Toolkit Rules Micro, Meso, Macro slum symbol history story translation
John Hejduk, ‘Victims’ from masque series, 1986
Saskia Sassen sociologist
Splitting Matta Clark 1975
Scenario Heritage attitude deconstruction? evolution?
139
Jan Gehl Life between buildings
outdoor activities street dimensions atmosphere sense communication
140
J O B
Appendix 02. concept collage
141
142
J O B
Appendix 03. immigrant study
143
144
J O B Bibliograhpy
T h e ory&Rea dings 1 . Austral ian Bu rea u o f St a t ist ics (ABS), M igra t i o n Aus t ra l i a 2016- 17, c a t n o. 341 2 .0 (Ta b l e 2 .3 an d Ta ble 2 .1 3 )
17. J am e s T homas Roj as, 1 9 9 1 , Th e en acted environ men t: Th e creation of 'p l a c e ' by M e xican s an d Mexican A merican s in East Los An geles
2 . B urne tt P(1 9 7 6 ) 'B e h av io ral ge o gra phy a n d t he p hi l o s o p hy o f m i nd ', spatial cho i ce and spa t ia l be h av io r, 2 3 -4 8
18. J ane Fa r mer, J u ly 2 0 1 6 , S ocial en terprise an d w ellbein g in commu n ity life
3 . B arra ket, J.,2 0 1 4 , Fo st e r in g t h e we llbe in g o f i m m i g ra nt s a nd r e fug e e s ? Evaluating the o utco m e s o f wo r k in t e grat io n so c i a l e nt e r p r i s e s
19. J o a nne S imon - Davies, 2 0 1 8 , Popu lation an d migration statistics in Aus t ra l i a
4 . B orzag a , C Dep ed r i, S, 2 0 1 4 , Wh e n so cia l e nt e r p r i s e s d o i t b e t t e r : e ffic iency and efficac y o f wo r k in t e grat io n in I t al i an s o c i a l c o - o p e ra t i ve s
20. J o Ba r ra ke t, C h ris Mason an d Blake Blain ,2 0 1 6 , Fin din g Au stralia’s S o c i a l E nt e r p rise S ector 2 0 1 6 : Fin al Report
5 . B orde n , I ai n . 2 0 0 1. T h e U n k n o wn C ity : Co n t e s t i ng A r c hi t e c t ur e a nd S oc ial Sp a ce : A S tran ge ly Fam ilia r Pr o je ct . C a m b r i d g e , M a s s . : MI T P r e s s , 3 72- 385
21. La i n Bo r d en , Joe Kerr, J an e Ren dell, w ith A lica P ivaro, Th e u n kn ow n c i ty : c o nt e s t i ng arch itectu re an d social space, P 3 7 2 - P 3 8 5 , Bern ard Tsch u mi wa s i nt e r v i e wed by William.
6 . B ate, Westo n,1 9 9 4 , Esse n t ia l bu t u n plan n e d: T he s t o r y o f Me l b o ur ne 's l anes, S tate Li b rary of Vict o r ia a n d t h e C ity o f M e l b o ur ne
22. Li m C J, 20 1 7 , In h abitable in frastru ctu res: scien ce fiction or u rban fut ur e ?
7 . Collie r, Jo hn, 1 986. p. 4 6
23. Mo ni c a O ' Dw yer an d S tella Mu lder, 2 0 1 5 ,Th e experien ces of recen t m i g ra nt s w i t h low level En glish
Vi su al
An t h r o po lo gy.
U n ive r s i ty
of
New Mexico
Press,
8 . De Ca rl o, G., 1 9 7 0 . I l pu bblico de ll’a r ch it e t t u ra . Pa ra m e t r o 5, 4–13. 9 . De Ca rl o, G., 1 9 7 2 . An Ar ch it e ct u r e o f Par t ici p at i o n ( e d . ) . Roya l Aus trali a n I n sti tu te of Ar ch it e ct s. M e lbo u r n e Arc hi t e c t ura l Pap e r s , Melbourn e.
24. Mo m oyo Kaij ima, an d Atorie Wan . 2 0 0 7 . Graph ic A n atomy. Graph ic A na t o my At e l i er Bow-Wow. 25. Mi c ha e C lyn e an d Dr J ames Ju pp, 2 0 1 1 , Mu lticu ltu ralism an d I nt e g ra t i o n: A h armon iou s relation sh ip
1 0. E liz a b eth A l exa Ch a pm an , 1 9 8 1 , T h e t ra n sfe r r o f k no w l e d g e t hr o ug h t he or ga n izati o n o f the n e igh bo r h o o d
26. Pe t e r Ma t w ij iw, J u n e 2 0 1 1 ,Th e agin g experien ce of Au stralian s from m i g ra nt b a c k grou n ds
1 1. Gehl , Jan. 1 9 8 0 . L ife B e t we e n Bu ildin gs: U s i ng P ub l i c Sp a c e s . Melbourn e: Van N o stra n d
27. S and s & McDou gall, Melbou rn e, 1 8 9 5 , S an ds & McDou gall’s commercial a nd g e ne ra l Melbou rn e directory
1 2. Geo rg e Orwell , 1 9 4 5 , An im a l Fa r m
28. S t e e l e , Fritz,
1 3. Gr e ed , C., 1 9 9 7 . Wo m e n an d pla n n in g: cr e a t i ng g e nd e r e d r e a l i t i e s . G eografiska A nnal er Se r ie s B. Hu m . G e o gr. (4 ), 251–253.
29. Te y s s o t , G., 2 0 0 5 . A topology of th resh olds. Home C u lt.: J. A rch it., De s . Do m e s t . S p. 2 ( 1 ) , 8 9 – 1 1 6 .
1 4. Helen Beatri ce A r m st r o n g, M igra n t Pla ce -m ak i ng i n Aus t r i l i a : C ul t ura l p luralis m wi th in cul tu ra l h e r it age
30. V i r g i ni a De J orge- Hu ertas, 2 0 1 8 , Mat- hybrid h ou sin g: Tw o case stu dies i n Te r ni and Lon don
1 5. Ital o Ca lvi n o, 1 9 7 2 , I nv isible Cit ie s
31. Va n E yc k , A ., 2 0 0 6 . Writin gs ( ed.) . S u n P u blish ers, Th e Neth erlan ds.
Th e
S en se
of
P lace,
C BI
P u blish in g,
1981.
p.1 9 5
1 6. Jane Ja co b s, 1 9 6 1 , T h e de a t h a n d life o f gr e a t A m e r i c a n c i t i e s
145
146
J O B Bibliograhpy
F ig u re s F ig.1: Austra li a n Go ld Ru sh I m m igra n t s, Hu lt o n A r c hi ve / G e t ty I m a g e s . Retrieve d fro m http s: //www.t h o u gh t co.co m /a u s t ra l i a n- g o l d - r us hi mm igra n ts-1 4 2 1 6 5 5
Fi g ur e 16: 5 Differen t typologies an d an d 4 5 variation s of V illaggio Mat t e o t t i . Re trieved from h ttps: / / w w w.scien cedirect.com/ scien ce/ article/ p i i / S20952635 1 8 3 0 0 2 8 1
F ig 2: J o h n H ej d uk,M a squ e s dia gra m s,1 9 8 6 . Re t r i e ve d fr o m ht t p : / / s o c k s studio.co m/2 0 1 5 /1 1 /0 1 /a -gr o win g-in cr e m e n t a l- p l a c e - i nc r e m e nt a l - t i m e vic tims -a-p ro j ect-by-jo h n -h e jdu k-1 9 8 4 /
Fi g ur e 17: I nt ermediate spaces gradien ts an d h an gin g garden s. Re t r i e ve d fr o m h ttps: / / w w w.scien cedirect.com/ scien ce/ article/ pii/ S 2095263518 3 0 0 2 8 1
F ig 3: J ean N o u vel 's ,lo u v r e a bu dh a bi. Re t r ie ve d fr o m ht t p s : / / w w w. a rc hdail y.co m/8 8 3 1 5 7/lo u v r e -a bu -dh a bi-at e lie r- j e a n- no uve l
Fi g 18: V i l l a g gio Matteotti, Tern i Italy by Gian carlo De C arlo. C redit: Mi m m o Jo d i c e. Retrieved from h ttps: / / w w w.ribaj .com/ cu ltu re/ broken dreams
F ig 4: J a mes Ro j a s ,L a t in o U r ban ism Tran sfo r m s a nd Sus t a i ns t he N eighborh o o d Street. Re t r ie ve d fr o m h t t ps://sal ud -am e r i c a . o r g / j a m e s rojas- how-l a tino -u rb an ism -is-ch an gin g-life -in -am e r i c a n- ne i g hb o r ho o d s / F ig 5: The setti n g fo r t h e e n a ct e d e nv ir o n m e n t . Re t r i e ve d f r o m ht t p s : / / d spac e. mi t.ed u/h a n dle /1 7 2 1 .1 /1 3 9 1 8 F ig 6: Di a g ram o f the dif fe r e n t le ve ls o f " S o c i al fr om http s://d sp a ce.m it .e du /h a n dle /1 7 2 1 .1 /1 3 918
C o nt r o l ". Re t r i e ve d
F ig 7. Th resho l d in East L o s An ge le s.Re t r ie ve d fr o m ht t p s : / / d s p a c e . m i t . e du/ hand le/1 7 2 1 .1 /13 9 1 8 F ig 8: Steven H o ll a n d Vit o Acco n ci, St o r e fr o n t fo r A r t a nd A r c hi t e c t ur e , 1 993, p lan and so uth e le va t io n .Re t r ie ve d f r o m ht t p s : / / w w w. i ne x hi b i t . c o m / my m useu m/sto refro nt-a r t-a r ch it e ct u r e -n e w-yo r k / F ig 9: The S to refro nt ga lle r y f a ca de f u lly clo se d ; p ho t o : Pe t e r G ut hr i e . Retrieve d fro m http s: //www.in e x h ibit .co m /my m us e um / s t o r e fr o nt-a r ta rc hitecture-n ew-yo rk / F ig 10: Exh ib iti o n : H a a s&Hah n , Pa in t in g U r ba n is m . L e a r ni ng fr o m R i o, 2 011, insta ll a tio n vi e ws; ph o t o s co u r t e sy o f Br e t t Be ye r. Re t r i e ve d f r o m h ttps : / /www.inexh ib it .co m /my m u se u m /st o r e fr ont-a r t-a r c hi t e c t ur e - ne wyor k / F ig 11 - 1 2 : co l o u rfu l pe de st r ia n st r e e t in L a Boc a . Re t r i e ve d f r o m ht t p s : / / ww w.the aussi eflash pa cke r.co m /2 0 1 9 /0 5 /la -bo ca- b ue no s -a i r e s . ht m l F ig 13: Ha n g i n g g a rd e n s a n d ae r ia l pe de st r ia n wa l k way s . Re t r i e ve d fr o m h ttps : / /www.scien cedir e ct .co m /scie n ce /ar t icle /p i i / S2095263518300281 Fig 14: “eyes o n th e st r e e t � o f O dh a m s Wa lk .Re t r i e ve d f r o m ht t p s : / / w w w. scienc ed irect.co m/scie n ce /a r t icle /pii/S2 0 9 5 2 6 3 5 18300281
Fi g 19: L e t c hw orth Garden C ity. Retrieved from h ttps: / / w w w. w e s t o nw i l l i a mson .com/ proj ects/ letchw orth - garden - city Fi g 20: M i d d l e Eastern sou k bu t w ith a modern tw ist, Termin al 2 1 s ho p p i ng m al l, Ban gko. Retrieved from h ttps: / / u k.h otels.com/ go/ th ailan d/ t e r m i na l - 21- b an gkok Fi g 21: J a p a n ese street, Termin al 2 1 sh oppin g mall, Ban gko. Retrieved fr o m ht t p s : / / u k.h otels.com/ go/ th ailan d/ termin al- 2 1 - ban gkok Fi g 22: S aw mill Market, api( + ) an d Islyn S tu dio,2 0 2 0 . Retrieved from ht t p s : / / w w w. arch daily.com/ 9 4 0 9 4 7 / saw mill- market-api- plu s- plu s- islyn s t ud i o Fi g 23: J a p a n ese colorfu l billboard sh oppin g street ,2 0 1 7 . Retrieved fr o m ht t p s : / / w w w.alamy.com/ j apan ese-an d- tou rist-at- sh in j u ku - n igh tlifec o l o r f ul - b i l l b oard- sh oppin g- street- most- popu lation - travel- destin ation - in t o k yo - j a p a n- i n - 2 5 - n ovember- 2 0 1 7 - image2 0 7 1 6 1 9 0 9 .h tml D a ta sup p or t& web sites 'J o b s Wa r e ho use, 5 4 - 6 2 Bou rke Street Melbou rn e, H0 4 3 5 , File 6 0 3 5 2 1 ', in V i c t o r i a n H e r i tage Register On - Lin e, 2 0 0 0 , ht t p : / / w w w. d oi.vic.gov.au / doi/ hvolr.n sf. Details I m m i g ra t i o n Mu seu m: h ttps: / / mu seu msvictoria.com.au / i m m i g ra t i o nmu seu m/ I d c o m m uni ty: h ttps: / / profile.id.com.au / Aus t ra l i a n B ureau of S tatistics: h ttps: / / w w w.abs.gov.au /
F ig 15: A xo no metri c drawin g o f O dh am s Walk .Re t r i e ve d fr o m ht t p s : / / w w w. scienc ed irect.co m/scie n ce /a r t icle /pii/S2 0 9 5 2 6 3 5 18300281 147
148
J O B
An Enacted Manual for immigrants business in Job Warehouse
M el b our ne S c hoo l o f D es i g n M as ter o f A r c hi t ec t ur e D es i g n T hes i s — S em es t er 2 , 2 0 2 0 S t ud i o L ead er : Y v onne M eng
149