Plan 365 September 2016 by Farmlands

SEPTEMBER 2016

RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE

NUTRITION

FORAGE AND ARABLE

HORTICULTURE

ANIMAL MANAGEMENT

DAIRY MANAGEMENT

Plan 365 is a technical guide aimed at helping shareholders learn about best practice and the latest advancements in rural technology.

NUTRITION

Focus and motivation Management is nothing more than motivating other people. Talk to any good calf rearer and watch their expressions as they talk about their bouncy, bright eyed calves with passion and pride. Spring time can

For my team, we have already marked and grouped the fast or slow drinkers while still in the sheds. They have now been prepared for their first major transition of moving to the big, wide world outside.

bring out the best or worst in people, as

For some people your programme

you come out of the busy, cold winter/

may be once a day from quite early on,

spring calving.

otherwise it’s a good chance to move

If you’re still collecting calves in your

the calves onto ‘once a day’ before they

sheds then be vigilant with your barn’s

head outside.

bedding health and remember that

This helps to identify any calves that

‘ammonia = pneumonia’ as well –

aren’t coping with their new feeding

there will be high bug burdens in your

plan, as well as having them wanting to

barn. Best practice for us is to get the

eat more of their meal, which in turn has

calves aged anywhere from 16-21 days

them well established with meal intake

outside. Make sure you have a few days

before heading to grass.

of sunshine ahead and with access to

Each transition is costly in time,

good shelter. A shivering calf uses much

health/wellbeing and checks to

more energy – then the energy that’s

growth. Taking time and pride in your

needed for growing and reaching targets

workmanship during this phase is of

has been compromised.

utmost importance. Things change

Quality is pride of workmanship, just as

quickly while a calf is transitioning,

much planning that has happened in the

as long as you have prepared and

calf barn needs to be followed through to

separated the fast/slow drinkers,

the paddock and then into preparation for

moving to the trailer feeders should go

transitioning your calf off milk.

smoothly. Taking a proactive eye off

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the calves at this stage could result in poor performance to both the calves and your overall management. Take time when feeding milk to observe each calf critically, checking for missed navel infections, being vigilant and contemplating their progress. For myself, I find this time to be one of the most important times to the success of the individual calf’s future. I would not recommend to drop the feeder and run – missing a calf that is slow at feeding or disinterested to drink is your first warning of something possibly more sinister. Missing key warnings means you, being a proactive planner, will soon be needing to be reactive and this comes at a cost – poor performing calves and management oversight. There is nothing more special than returning later in the spring day to observe your healthy, happy future herd galloping around or lying about sunbathing. That has you knowing that you and your team can take pride in the quality of these outstanding calves. Article supplied by Karen Fraser, Young Stock Manager.

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NUTRITION

A great fibre option Fibre is of key importance in the equine diet. Adequate fibre intake ensures maintenance of a healthy digestive system and also reduces the risk of colic and gastric ulcers, as well as behavioural issues associated with a lack of fibre. As a rule of thumb, the bare minimum fibre requirement for horse health is 1 percent of their body weight in hay/chaff or pasture daily (in dry matter), however a minimum of 1.5 percent is more ideal. When horses are living out on adequate pasture we can happily assume they are receiving this required intake, however when they are boxed or yarded, more attention needs to be paid to ensure this is provided through their supplementary feed. During winter, supplementary fibre is often required, as pasture is often lost to wet conditions under foot and subsequent pasture growth is slow. In addition, there is often a shortfall in fibre intake when horses are travelling and away competing, with more time spent in yards and stables than usual. Hay is a great substitute for pasture and at almost 100 percent dry matter it can easily assist in meeting fibre requirements. Further fibre can be added to the ration

by incorporating a Dunstan Beet – Dunstan Betabeet Flakes or Dunstan Sugarbeet Flakes. Dunstan Beets are a premium fibre source and are known as ‘super fibres’, as they have a much higher calorie content than traditional fibre sources, with an energy level close to oats. Not only do beets add additional fibre to the ration to assist with maintaining digestive health, aiding to reduce the incidence of colic and gastric ulcers but also more calories than most other fibre sources for weight gain. Dunstan Beets are also naturally high in calcium, making them ideal in the inclusion of high grain diets to balance the calcium : phosphorus ratio. Providing soaked Dunstan Betabeet Flakes or Dunstan Sugarbeet Flakes also assists in increasing water intake, beneficial when horses may not be drinking well and water consumption may be compromised. Dunstan Beets have many applications in equine diets and with two beet options, horse owners can choose the beet product that best suits the requirements of their individual equine. The slow release of energy provided by Dunstan Beets makes them a suitable option for horses with behavioural issues associated with high grain diets – a portion of the grain can be substituted with this calorie dense fibre source. For horse owners that wish to avoid any additional molasses in the ration and are looking for a super ‘cool’ calorie source, Dunstan Betabeet Flakes provide non-molassed, non-heating,

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rapid soaking beet flakes, ready in just 10 minutes. Dunstan Betabeet Flakes are also ideal for inclusion in rations of horses susceptible to laminitis or tying-up. Alternatively for the very fussy eater, or those requiring more calories per kg from their beet, Dunstan Sugarbeet Flakes provide the ideal solution. With the added molasses in Dunstan Sugarbeet Flakes, this product is highly palatable and with an increased calorie contribution, is more fattening. Dunstan Sugarbeet Flakes are ready in just 30 minutes. Dunstan Beets are quality beet pulp products sourced from GM-free crops. Being pure beet pulp with no added vitamins and minerals means they can be added to your existing ration without concerns of doubling up on vitamins and minerals, simply providing a quality, calorie dense fibre source for improved body condition and performance. For further information, contact your Farmlands Technical Field Officer or the friendly team at your local Farmlands store. Article supplied by Dunstan Nutrition Limited.

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NUTRITION

Rearing layer pullets for optimum egg production If you do the basics well, raising modern layer pullets can be relatively simple and if you get it right, the mature laying hen will reward you handsomely in terms of egg production. There are three golden rules to getting pullet rearing right. Firstly, ensure that the correct feed and clean water is supplied with sufficient feeder and drinker space for the birds. The modern pullet should not be restricted with feed or water during rearing. Secondly, appropriate shelter and housing is essential in helping to maintain a suitable environment for the birds during rearing. Thirdly, management of the birds is essential in rearing a successful commercial layer. The age at which laying pullets reach maturity has been decreasing by about 1 day per year, with first eggs typically produced at between 18 and 19 weeks of age. The genetic improvement of the commercial layer has produced a bird that is about 150g lower in body weight at 18 weeks compared to 20 years ago and it is far more prolific at laying eggs. The key to successful rearing of the modern pullet is through maximising body weight for age without producing over-fat pullets. Pullets that are on target or slightly above target weight at 18 weeks of age and are uniform in weight are likely to be the best producing birds during the laying period.

age, they should be switched to the NRM Pullet Grower Pellets until point of lay. Do not feed a layer type feed during rearing – it’s too high in calcium and could result in permanent damage or even death. Supplementing the pullet feed with kitchen greens is acceptable, providing the pullets have free access to the NRM feed. Pullets are remarkably good at selecting the correct feed balance when provided the opportunity to do so. A good source of clean water should always be available. Housing for the pullets should be dry, free from draughts and light tight if possible. The day-old pullet needs to be kept above 33°C from day-old to 3 days of age, followed by a gradual decline in temperature to 21°C by 35 days of age. Allow a minimum floor space of 850cm² and a minimum of

5cm of feeder space per bird. One nipple (or cup) drinker is required per 15 birds, or one fountain drinker (46cm diameter) per 125 birds. Finally, lighting management during rearing is worth consideration and layers that are coming into lay during an increasing day-length will lay far better than those that are not light stimulated. The ideal programme is to rear from 0 to between 7 and 12 weeks on a decreasing day length, followed by a period of constant day-length up to the time of light stimulation into lay. If the housing is not light tight, the constant period needs to be set at the longest natural day-length the bird will have. More information on appropriate lighting programmes for laying hens is available from the different breeding companies. Article supplied by NRM.

Selecting the correct feed is the easy part and NRM Chick Starter Crumbles are specially formulated for birds from day-old to 6 or 8 weeks of age. If at this stage birds have met target weight for

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NUTRITION

Avoiding major issues Once the fear of metabolic problems around calving has passed, it can be easy to forget the importance of the big four major minerals – magnesium, calcium, sodium and phosphorus on animal health, performance and fertility. Ration programmes are seemingly able to quantify to the gram the supplementary magnesium requirement of any cow at any particular stage of lactation or production level. It is important to remember however, that computer programs are only as good as the information put into them – the magnesium level in pasture can be variable and the availability of the magnesium they contain can vary – especially if potassium levels are high. Forage magnesium levels can change depending on the pasture species, soil type and even climate, with low daily radiation reducing levels and is higher in stems than leaves. Magnesium absorption by ruminants is increased by ionophores and readily degradable carbohydrates. Magnesium increases rumen pH, so delivering magnesium in a compound feed containing grains rich in carbohydrates is a win-win combination. Milking cows that are lacking magnesium may have a depressed appetite and be dull and lethargic but at the same time nervous

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and irritable during milking. Excess magnesium intake can increase the need for phosphorus and calcium and can cause diarrhoea and weight loss, which may be difficult to distinguish when cows are on high quality pasture. It is worth checking the percentage of elemental magnesium in the supplements you are using and using multiple routes during riskier periods, rather than just relying on dusting the paddocks or trough treatment.

conserve by recycling or reducing losses elsewhere. Most supplementary feeds including palm kernel expeller, lucerne, red clover, maize silage and cereals are a poor source of sodium and fast growing, well fertilised grass tends to be low in sodium compared to clover rich swards. Sodium chloride or salt is the main source of supplementary sodium in the diet – salt is very palatable and animals will seek it out if they are deficient.

Milking cows typically require a diet containing about 6-8g calcium/kgDM, which is normally met by pasture, especially clover rich pasture but not supplements like grains, whole crop silages (cereals and maize) and palm kernel. Calcium is a relatively safe nutrient not associated with specific toxicity – higher yielding older cows may deplete their own calcium reserves in early lactation, so adding lime flour to supplements can be a relatively low cost insurance even outside of the colostrum mob.

Phosphorus is involved in almost all metabolic reactions and is required by rumen microorganisms for cellulose digestion and microbial protein synthesis. A deficiency is associated with poor fertility and poor feed conversion. Wintering on fodder beet increases the risk that cows will have calved down with their phosphorus levels depleted and thin cows in particular may benefit from extra phosphorus in early lactation. The analysis of bone samples from fallen or culled stock can help to confirm the phosphorus status of a herd. Continuing supplementation through mating may be worthwhile, especially if herbage tests indicate lower phosphorus levels than might be expected.

Cattle have virtually no stores of sodium, which in addition to helping control osmotic balance, enables more efficient utilisation of digestion of sugars and amino acids. High producing cows and those with mastitis or high somatic cell counts will lose more sodium in the milk than they can

Article supplied by Dr. Rob Derrick, Nutritionist, Farmlands Nutrition.

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NUTRITION

Water in the ruminant diet Adequate water intake is needed to sustain vital bodily functions for all living organisms. Although water itself does not contain any nutrients such as energy or protein, water does have essential functions in the body, acting as a solvent in which nutrients are dissolved and carried around the body. It is also used for temperature regulation, to excrete waste products and is important for brain functionality. Animals obtain water through three different ways – firstly physically drinking water, secondly through water present in food and lastly metabolic water, which is water that is created from biochemical reactions taking place in the body. The amount of water required for animals to consume is dependent on temperature, humidity, health status and level of milk production. The more water that is lost through perspiration, panting, scouring or milk production then the more water will be required to be consumed. For ruminant animals, water is also essential for rumen function, as rumen microorganisms need water to survive. An adult cow needs to physically consume around 60 litres of water per day on top of any water present in food/ metabolic water – and even more than this if lactating (up to 150 litres per day for very high producing cows). Milk is a product that contains a high amount of water (about 87 percent), so it’s easy to see why a cow producing more milk will be required to consume more water in order to support milk production. Young animals consuming milk, such as calves, also require adequate access to water in pens, as water intake is important for stimulating hard feed intake and rumen development.

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Water can also be a carrier of minerals, either added through a dosing system or found naturally as a result of the water source. It is important to take this into consideration, as this may affect water intake. For example, water high in a particular mineral may bind-up other minerals making them less available to the animal. Highly saline water (salty) can reduce water intake, as can levels of bitter minerals, e.g. magnesium. So when water is used as a carrier of minerals, care must be taken to not make the water unpalatable. Water intake is highly linked to water quality, so water must be kept as fresh and clean as possible to encourage intake. Bacterial growth in water may increase during warmer weather. A good rough rule of thumb is that if you wouldn’t want to drink the water yourself, neither will your stock. Water samples can be sent to a laboratory for testing if there

Water availability is also very important and all animals must have adequate access to troughs. Cows prefer to drink from a large water surface at a low level and like to be able to stand quietly and safely while drinking. This requires adequate trough numbers and trough space. If trough space is not adequate, the more dominant animals may prevent others from consuming water. Cows are able to drink fast, up to 20 litres in 1 minute, so water troughs must have adequate flow rates to match cow drinking rates. Cows will drink the most just after milking, so they must have access to water at this time. Water is vital to survival, growth and production of animals. Without it, feed intake and production is reduced. It is important that animals have an unlimited source of clean, fresh water available at all times.

is any concern about water quality – annual testing can sometimes highlight

Article supplied by Stacey Cosnett, Assistant Nutritionist, Farmlands Nutrition.

unexpected contamination.

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NUTRITION

Problems with horses grazing spring pasture For horse owners, there is often nothing more satisfying than seeing the mud in the paddocks turn green with fresh pasture after a cold and wet winter. In New Zealand pasture growth can happen rapidly after only a few days of sun, following what seems like endless weeks of cold and wet weather.

To avoid problems when turning

Though forage in the form of pasture, hay and other fibre sources should always be the largest part of the horse’s diet – and pasture is what horses evolved to eat – cool-season grass contains a form of sugar called fructans, which can lead to problems for grazing horses. Consumption of fructans can cause various digestive and behavioural problems, as well as a painful and debilitating condition of the hooves called laminitis. Where most sugars and starches are easily digested in the horse’s small intestine, the strong bonds in fructans mean that they pass undigested into the cecum and colon, causing shifts in the microbial population, upsetting hindgut pH and producing endotoxins that can cause laminitis. For particularly sensitive horses, even a small amount of fructan-rich grass can quickly trigger laminitis, which can be highly debilitating if left untreated.

monitor manure consistency and

Heavier types such as quarter horses and many pony breeds seem to be more susceptible than other horses to fructan-caused problems, however it is important to understand that all horses with unrestricted access to lush pasture can be at risk, even after years of grazing freely without consequences.

life-ending ailment and management

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horses out on spring pastures, introduce pasture access in small segments several times a day and gradually increase the number and length of these access periods. Continue to offer hay to horses turned out on fresh pasture to ensure they are consuming enough fibre and hoof temperature. Take the horse off pasture and call the veterinarian if the horse shows signs of hoof discomfort like reluctance to move, shifting from one foot to another, or assuming a leaning-back posture. When horses are restricted from pasture, it is essential that they are provided with additional hay and alternative forage sources to ensure optimum digestive health. Super fibres such as beet pulp and soy hulls are ideal for this situation. McMillan Grain Free is a blend of beet pulp and soy hulls, which also contains balanced levels of vitamins and minerals and is a great way of ensuring fibre and nutrient requirements are met. The low starch, high fibre formulation is ideal for horses and ponies at risk of laminitis. Laminitis is a serious and potentially through preventing the disease will

For further information on spring grass and the prevention and management of laminitis in your horse, consult with an experienced equine nutrition advisor. Article supplied by Luisa Wood, Equine Nutrition Technical Advisor, Farmlands Nutrition.

always be more beneficial than treating the condition. Managing horses to limit access to spring grass may be inconvenient at times but it’s in the best interests of equines and their owners.

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HORTICULTURE

From sea to soil crop challenges to improve overall yield, quality or post-harvest life.

A global leader in the manufacture of marine-plant extracts is partnering with Farmlands to offer plant health products for New Zealand crop applications.

These research findings are most often published in peer-reviewed science journals and immediately made available to growers. Some of the more exciting recent advances include a better understanding of how Acadian products elicit hormonal responses in the plant and stimulate rooting support for early plant establishment. Published evidence also show beneficial effects for soil health by encouraging soil microbes such as beneficial bacteria and mycorrhizae. These organisms help plants by mineralising nutrients to make them more available to the plant as well as producing various compounds to further stimulate plant roots.

Acadian Seaplants Limited is a diversified, technology‐based manufacturer that delivers premium products to global agricultural, animal feed, health and beauty and food service industries. With more than 30 years of experience in the agricultural industry, Acadian Seaplants is a fully integrated company – from the sustainable harvest of Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed, to product and application development, manufacturing and technical customer support.

Given the importance of soil health and Acadian’s products are sold around nutrient availability, the application of the world as specialty fertilisers and Acadian products biostimulants for into soils via drip continuous crop and root drench improvement. For treatments can crops, Acadian provide a jumpstart products have met for your crops. If with success in we combine these improving plant, with well-known fruit and vegetable benefits of rachis quality in a number Contains nutrients and carbohydrates to help stretch in grapes, a of economically enhance crop yields, quality and vigour. 1kg stimulation of antiimportant crops. oxidant activity in Acadian has gained a number of crops experience in crops as and improved chlorophyll diverse as grapes, avocados, tomatoes, content and photosynthesis, strawberries and turf and ornamentals Ascophyllum nodosum extracts can by pin-pointing the benefits associated provide benefits in many integrated with specific rates, timings and programmes, be they sustainable, application types (foliar and soil). From organic or conventional. a research standpoint, in addition to its

Soluble Seaweed Powder

Ideal for a broad range of horticultural crops including kiwifruit, grapes, tree fruit and vegetables.

own complement of scientists including 12 PhDs, Acadian has chosen to work with the best research scientists around the world in order to identify specific

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To dig even deeper, some of the ground-breaking information coming from Acadian science is the identification of how its products

| Ascophyllum nodosum.

up-regulate and down-regulate the plant’s own genetic mechanisms, to allow them to produce a number of stimulatory and protective compounds. These plant health compounds then help protect the crop from various environmental (abiotic) and some biotic stresses. Evidence suggests the treated plants have a greater tolerance for drought, salinity and high temperatures. New data also suggests a degree of protection against lower temperature stresses as well as some disease pressures. Although it is important to mention that these products are not fungicidal in nature, they appear to fortify the plant’s own defenses allowing them to sustain growth and production under these biotic or abiotic challenges. For further information, contact your Farmlands Technical Advisor or the friendly team at your local Farmlands store. Article supplied Dr. Jeff Norrie, Agricultural Research Scientist.

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FORAGE AND ARABLE

Beating porina in Southland Northern Southland dairy farmer Calum Andrews has been sharemilking on Moorabool Farm, located just out of Dipton, since 2013, milking 640 cows on the 292ha property. The older pastures have been one of the biggest challenges for him, with the farm being converted 12-13 years ago. Faced with dry summers and porina issues, Calum has found a solution that has been improving his farming system for the past 4 years. The year prior to moving onto this farm, some of the re-grassing was put into perennial ryegrass ONE50 with AR37 endophyte. Calum now describes those paddocks as “absolute stand outs.” ONE50 AR37 is a late heading diploid perennial ryegrass (+20 days relative to Nui). Growth rates peak in late spring and continue to solidly perform throughout the summer and autumn. With November being the biggest feed pinch of the year, ONE50 has been able to close that gap significantly. Since 2013, more than half of Moorabool Farm has been re-grassed, with 30-40ha/year going into ONE50 AR37. The farm will produce on average 10t ha/year of pasture, as it can get really dry in the summer. Calum has been very impressed with the superior growth of ONE50 and how well it hangs on in terms of growth and quality over these crucial months. “ONE50 does really well in the dry, it has great persistence,” he says. 50

ONE AR37 is one of the highest performing cultivars available and is extensively trialled throughout New Zealand. The DairyNZ forage value index (FVI) is a great tool for dairy farmers when selecting what pasture is

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| Calum Andrews (left), with Jim Beer from Farmlands.

right for their system. The FVI compares cultivars based on performance regionally, giving them an economic value. ONE50 AR37 has been rated in the top five star category across all regions in New Zealand. Having trialled a couple of paddocks with ONE50 AR1, Calum noticed performance was slightly back on the AR37. This prompted the discovery of porina in the paddocks, so now only AR37 varieties are used. Porina is one of the worst insect pests in Southland, causing significant pasture damage throughout the region, most noticeably from April through to spring. One or two porina per spade can eat the equivalent dry matter of one stock unit. AR37 novel endophyte is the best commercial endophyte available to protect ryegrass plants from porina.

helps with management of the pastures, especially during the dry. Aiming for 1,750kgDM/ha grazing residual rather than the average 1,550, the rounds never get below 30 days. On average the rounds are 5-10 days quicker on the ONE50 paddocks due to their performance all season – “we milk far better off the ONE50 paddocks, always seeing the response in the vat”. Calum pre-graze mows (first round up until seed head) and post-graze mows where required to maintain quality. “I don’t have to mow the ONE50 paddocks as much, as the cows clean it up really well.” For further information, contact your Farmlands Technical Field Officer or the friendly team at your local Farmlands store. Article supplied by Agricom.

On Moorabool Farm, 10ha of summer turnips are also sowed each year. This

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FORAGE AND ARABLE

Powerful, convenient weed control in fodder beet crops Fodder beet is a slow growing crop and is very susceptible to weed competition during its establishment phase. Fast growing weeds can quickly out-compete and smother beet seedlings, which can dramatically reduce yields. To maximise yields in fodder beet, a robust weed control programme is required. An effective programme approach should be used for weed control in beet crops. Good seed bed preparation is important for minimising soil clods. Immediately after planting a preemergence herbicide (e.g. Nortron®) should be applied along with a knockdown (e.g. glyphosate) herbicide, if required to remove any weed seedlings. Nortron should be used at 2L/ha and can be tank mixed with other pre-emergent herbicides to broaden the spectrum of weeds controlled. Betanal quattro is a flexible and easy to use “four-in-one” post-emergence herbicide for beet crops. It is the only product that contains the four most

commonly used active ingredients in one complete formulation. This not only makes Betanal quattro easy to use but reduces the chances of mixing and tank filling errors and leaves fewer containers to dispose of. The formulation technology and rates of the combination of the active ingredients are optimised in Betanal quattro to provide maximum herbicidal activity, while being safe to the crop. The combination of active ingredients provides contact, knockdown and residual activity.

has reached the fully expanded two true leaf stage onwards, the Betanal quattro rate can be increased to 3-5L/ha depending on the situation. Use the higher rate on larger weeds or more difficult to control species. Two applications timed 10-14 days apart are often required and will provide excellent control in most circumstances.

Timing of Betanal quattro applications is critical, especially in relation to crop growth stage and weed size. Betanal quattro has flexible timings and use rates to suit most weed challenge scenarios in beet crops. If weeds emerge with the beet crop, Betanal quattro can be used (at 2L/ha) once the beet crop has two fully expanded cotyledon leaves. At this timing, the 2L/ha rate will effectively control seedling cotyledon stage weeds and be safe to the crop. Once the beet crop

easily controlled at lower rates

To get the best results from using Betanal quattro:

• Target small weeds – more

• Ensure weeds are actively growing • Use the appropriate rate for the beet growth stage and the weed size • Use a water rate to ensure good coverage of target weeds • Do not use Betanal quattro on stressed or damaged crops (e.g. drought conditions, frost etc.) Betanal quattro is available in 5L and 15L packs.

For further information, contact your Farmlands Technical Field Officer or the friendly team at your local Farmlands store. Article supplied by Bayer. ®

| Untreated.

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Registered trademarks of the Bayer Group.

| Treated 2x Betanal quattro at 3L/ha.

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FORAGE AND ARABLE

An evolution in plant growth regulator adjuvant system designed to improve the coverage and uptake of trinexapacethyl into the leaf. The images below show the improvement in coverage from a single droplet of Moddus Evo applied to a wheat leaf compared to Moddus EC.

Moddus was introduced by Syngenta in New Zealand 16 years ago. It revolutionised ryegrass seed production in New Zealand by increasing seed yields by more than 50 percent. Now Syngenta has developed Moddus Evo, a new and improved dispersible concentrate (DC) formulation of Moddus containing 250g/litre of trinexapacethyl, with an enhanced built-in adjuvant system. Moddus Evo offers environmental and agronomic benefits compared to the current Moddus EC formulation and it will soon replace the EC formulation in New Zealand.

Moddus Evo also has better leaf retention once dried on the leaf. This can reduce the effect of wash-off from rainfall (or irrigation) after application, thereby reducing the risk of disappointing results in difficult weather conditions. Maintaining formulation quality is important in freeze thaw situations, which are common in parts of New Zealand where Moddus Evo will be used. Syngenta tests have shown some formulations of trinexapac-ethyl can start to crystalise in cold temperatures, while Moddus Evo is not adversely affected at temperatures of minus 5 degrees.

Syngenta chemists have replaced the solvents in Moddus EC with a new

Moddus Evo mixes easily in water (including cold water) and generates less foam in the spray tank compared to some trinexapac-ethyl formulations, which makes it easier to apply.

| Droplet of Moddus EC

| on wheat leaf.

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| Droplet of Moddus Evo | shows improved coverage.

When it comes to performance, the yield response from Moddus Evo is at least as good as Moddus EC, with a trend of better lodging control in cereals at the 400ml/ha use rate. In ryegrass

seed crops, the timing and use rate of trinexapac-ethyl has a significant impact on ryegrass seed yields, as highlighted by trials generated by Syngenta and FAR over many seasons. The use rates of Moddus Evo in ryegrass and cereals are the same for Moddus EC, with both formulations containing 250g/L of trinexapac-ethyl. Moddus Evo has shown no issues with crop safety, although minor leaf scorch can sometimes occur in ryegrass seed crops when applied in mixture with prothioconazole. However, this has shown not to have a negative impact on yield. In addition to reducing the risk of lodging in ryegrass and cereal crops, Moddus Evo can also enhance the root system of plants, which can improve nutrient and water uptake to improve yields, even in the absence of lodging. Moddus Evo will be available in 20L packs this season, while next season it will be available in both 5L and 20L packs when it replaces the current Moddus EC formulation on the market. For further information, contact your Farmlands Technical Field Officer or the friendly team at your local Farmlands store. Article supplied by Syngenta.

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FORAGE AND ARABLE

Ryegrass raises the bar in Central Otago A robust perennial ryegrass developed for sheep and beef is exceeding expectations in terms of both grazing and baleage on a difficult dryland site in Central Otago. Spennymoor has been in the Naylor family since 1910 and today totals 970 hectares of rolling to hill country, with light terraces and heavy valley floor flats near Matakanui, at the base of the Dunstan Mountains, north of Alexandra. Ross, Honey and George Naylor farm the property, this year wintering approximately 11,000 stock units, including two commercial ewe flocks totalling 4,700 head plus replacements and a 50 cow beef herd. Centre pivot irrigation developed 3 years ago has significantly lifted farm carrying capacity and productivity and allowed the Naylors to grow out and finish much more stock, particularly lambs (prior to the pivots, the farm carried approximately 8,500 stock units and yields from dryland feed crops were unreliable). However, the harsh Central Otago climate remains a limiting factor on their dryland areas, with average annual rainfall less than 500mm. It is in this context that they introduced Rohan SPR (spreading perennial ryegrass) to their system 2 years ago.

| Farmlands Technical Field Officer, Scot Pollard (left), with Ross and George Naylor.

last season’s Central Otago drought. Nonetheless, 2 years after sowing it is performing better than they expected and its spreading habit – which helps Rohan cover the ground and persist in tough conditions – is clearly evident. Farmlands Technical Field Officer Scot Pollard says he recommended Rohan for this situation because of its ability to handle dry conditions better than other perennial ryegrass cultivars, withstand hard grazing and be cut for baleage.

Spring sown ex ryecorn in 2014 and well fertilised, it has since produced excellent yields of baleage as well as plenty of grazing for both sheep and beef cattle.

Bred specifically to provide persistent,

George says the 15 hectare paddock chosen for Rohan is at the base of a hill block and can get very dry, as it did in

the ground after it is established.

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resilient, easy care pasture for sheep and beef, Rohan has unusually fine leaves and very high tiller density as well

to reduce competition from weeds or low-value grasses such as browntop. According to Agriseeds Pasture Systems Manager Graham Kerr, Spennymoor is a good example of the type of property Rohan is well suited to. “It’s not indestructible – like all ryegrasses it needs reasonable soil fertility and shouldn’t be bared right out in extended dry conditions. But it does bring a welcome opportunity to enhance the long-term productive capacity of some country that has previously been under-utilised for want of an appropriate ryegrass,” he says.

This means it fills in the spaces

For further information, contact your Farmlands Technical Field Officer or the friendly team at your local Farmlands store.

between drill rows and covers bare soil

Article supplied by Agriseeds.

as the unique ability to spread across

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FORAGE AND ARABLE

Set the stage for success with spring sowing If broadleaf weeds like mallow, storksbill and nettle have limited the performance of your spring sown crop or grass paddocks in previous years, take heart – now there’s a contact herbicide that will help eradicate them before you plant, without slowing you down. Nail EC® from Nufarm is an ideal tank mix partner for WeedMaster TS540® and Pulse Penetrant® when you’re spraying out for spring sowing.

cultivated prior to sowing, the cultivation process itself can help control weeds – without this, you are more dependent on a good herbicide kill. In any case, WeedMaster TS540 is the foundation of your spring spray-out programme, providing a proven tool to control perennial weeds. It also leads to quicker turf and root breakdown of old pasture, which in turn makes for easier tillage if you are working the paddock, saving time and fuel and helps provide a better seedbed.

Importantly, it has a nil plant back Different weeds require different rates of period, so it won’t disrupt WeedMaster TS540, so it’s your schedule – when For farmers a good idea to check which you add Nail EC you species are present (e.g. can get new crop or sowing fodder browntop, couch, perennial pasture in the ground beet crops, this ryegrass etc.) before as quickly as you can is worth noting. spraying. Pulse Penetrant is using the combination of Fodder beet seed is always essential. It improves WeedMaster and Pulse notoriously sensitive the penetration and uptake on its own. to any residual soil of WeedMaster TS540 and For farmers sowing reduces the rainfast period herbicides... fodder beet crops, this to 20 minutes. is worth noting. Fodder beet seed is

| Mallow.

“

notoriously sensitive to any residual soil herbicides, with potential plantback delays of months or even years depending on which herbicide is used. Regardless of what you’re sowing, getting rid of as many weeds as possible before the drill enters the paddock is a key step in achieving good results. Weeds can out-compete crop or pasture seedlings from day 1, robbing them of vital resources and compromising yield and performance. A clean slate is especially critical if you’re using some form of conservation tillage planting technique for crops or new grass, such as direct drilling, or notill. Where paddocks are mechanically

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| Storksbill.

As a tank mix partner, Nail EC both broadens the spectrum of weed control and speeds up brownout. It contains the active ingredient carfentrazoneethyl, which boosts control of several broadleaf weed species for which glyphosate alone is not always adequate, particularly creeping mallow, seedling storksbill and nettles. Nail EC has rapid foliar uptake, so it is rainfast in 1 hour and there is no stock grazing withholding period. For further information, contact your Farmlands Technical Field Officer or the friendly team at your local Farmlands store. Article supplied by Nufarm.

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FORAGE AND ARABLE

Pasture preparation solution Brassica development or pasture renovation is an important part in the ongoing process of maximising farmer returns. Part of this is to ensure that new brassica, grass and legume varieties are given their very best opportunity to establish well. Poor establishment is often associated with incomplete removal of the existing sward, which leads to poor seedling survival and high plant mortality during establishment. While glyphosate will control grasses and some broadleaf weeds, it is very important to remove the old clovers and hard to control broadleaf weeds including shepherd’s purse, thistles, ragwort, yarrow and dandelions. DuPontTM Granstar® herbicide, with your glyphosate and organo silicone (Input® Penetrant) can help to achieve this. Granstar herbicide is primarily absorbed through plant foliage and inhibits cell division within the plant, which is why you should ensure active growing leaf area at spraying – rank pasture or vegetation should be grazed and freshened before application. Article supplied by DuPont.

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One simple step of adding Granstar herbicide to your glyphosate mix gives important benefits:

• Improved establishment and subsequent yield of your following brassica or pasture crops • Grazing and/or cultivation can follow after 3 days and drilling after 14 days • Eliminate competitive weeds to establish a quality crop and promote moisture conservation • Rainfast within 1 hour when used with Input Penetrant • Granstar herbicide can be used in hormone sensitive areas For further information, contact your Farmlands Technical Field Officer or the friendly team at your local Farmlands store. Always read and follow label directions. Application of lime should be done either 2 months before Granstar ® or 14 days after applying Granstar ®. Do not plant fodder beet within 12 months following a Granstar ® application. Do not plant brassicas into Granstar ® treated areas if soil pH is greater than 6.5.

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FORAGE AND ARABLE

Trials show that fungicide programmes pay | Septoria leaf spot can easily be found in Canterbury this spring.

Last year Bayer Crop Science carried out trials evaluating fungicide programmes based on Aviator Xpro® and Prosaro® for wheat and Delaro® and Aviator Xpro® for barley. As before, these showed that applying robust fungicide programmes pays handsomely. The most spectacular trial was a North Island wheat trial, heavily infected with septoria leaf blotch and leaf rust, where a yield increase of 5.85t/ha was recorded compared to the untreated. The result was a very profitable return of $1,174/ha over input costs, even with wheat priced at $250/t.

increases for winter barley. In both crops, these fungicide programmes were very profitable. This season, early disease pressure is higher than last year in both wheat and barley, with septoria levels perhaps on par with those of 2-3 years ago. So now is the time to walk your paddocks and plan your disease management for this spring.

For further information, contact your Farmlands Technical Field Officer or the friendly team at your local Farmlands store. Article supplied by Bayer. ® Registered trademarks of the Bayer Group. *Terms and Conditions apply. For a limited time only.

The good news is that not only can you protect your crop’s yield potential but now you can also earn triple Choices Rewards Points* on purchases of Aviator Xpro, Delaro, Proline® and Prosaro.

In Canterbury, Bayer’s trials reflected the more common situation encountered last year – very low disease pressure. Even in these trials, fungicide programmes resulted in 2t/ha increases for wheat and 1t/ha

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FORAGE AND ARABLE

Know your enemy – velvetleaf and pea weevil Velvetleaf and the pea weevil have both appeared in New Zealand in 2016 and could have devastating impacts for growers across the country. While steps are already in place to contain the pea weevil to the Wairarapa region, velvetleaf, if left unmanaged, is a threat to arable crops nationwide.

measures now will go a long way to

“After cultivation, wash down

minimising the effect in the future”.

machinery to minimise the risk of

“It’s like any weed – if it’s not controlled

spreading the weed. This is one of the

it is a major inhibitor of yield,” Tim says.

many measures that can be taken to

“In the Canterbury region, where there

help minimise the impact.

is the biggest area of seed production

“Part of the mallow family of weeds, the

in New Zealand, the biggest risk is

key to stopping the spread of velvetleaf

the economic impact if it cannot be

is ongoing vigilance. While it may seem

controlled effectively now.”

overbearing, continuing to check your

First confirmed on a Canterbury property in February, velvetleaf competes with crops for nutrients, space and water. Velvetleaf had been detected here before – in Waikato during 2011 – and was under the management of the regional council. However the latest discovery has affected a number of regions, in particular Canterbury, Southland and Otago. As of last month, velvetleaf had been discovered on more than 250 properties. Its entry to New Zealand was traced back to contaminated imported fodder beet seed and as a result, the Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI) has reviewed its importing rules for seed.

| Bruchus pisorum: Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae. 'Pea Weevil'.

While it may be like any other weed,

property is the only way to keep the

MPI is now encouraging all farmers that have sown fodder beet seed in the past two seasons to check their crops for velvetleaf. A significant biosecurity response has been launched, involving regional councils and other primary industry bodies.

its nuisance value is high. Tim says it

weed under control. The worst thing

is a serious weed due to the number

that can happen is for this plant to go to

of seeds it can drop – up to 17,000 per

seed,” Tim says.

plant – which can be viable in the soil

Farmlands has been working with

for up to 50 years.

growers to discuss management of their

“Particularly where it has been identified,

paddocks, both in terms of minimising

it’s a case of keeping an eye out and

the spread and preventative measures.

Farmlands Co-operative has been proactive in the response to velvetleaf and has been urging shareholders to check their own crops for signs of the pest weed. Tim O’Sullivan from Farmlands Grain and Seed says “control

continually checking your paddock to

The ‘ute guide’ and farm management

make sure there is no velvetleaf. Where

plans created by MPI are the starting

plants are found, pull them out and

point for any best practice approach.

carefully dispose of. You can find full

“Our Technical Field Officers will be

information to help identify it and about

able to help with planning the next

disposal at: www.mpi.govt.nz/alerts.

steps for the infected paddock.

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FORAGE AND ARABLE

Understanding the plan for the paddock’s use in the future will help determine how to treat the paddock now for the most effective control.” If shareholders require more information, Farmlands can provide documentation that has been presented at local MPI meetings, as well as Technical Field Officer expert advice.

“

Particularly where it has been identified, it’s a case of keeping an eye out and continually checking your paddock to make sure there is no velvetleaf.

While more localised at the time of writing, pea weevil is another nasty incursion that threatens the livelihood of New Zealand growers. First discovered in Wairarapa in April, pea weevils damage growing peas and have the potential to create long-term implications for local pea production. However, MPI is confident pea weevils can be eradicated. This involves temporarily banning the growing of peas in Wairarapa – a selfless act from commercial and home growers in the region. The 2 year ban will stop the weevils from breeding, as they need pea pods for their larvae to survive. In the no-grow area, all pea material is unable to enter or leave, including pea plants, seeds and straw. It may seem drastic but the decision to ban growing of peas in the area was identified as having the greatest chance of success and was made after consultation with industry heads and international scientific experts. Farmlands Grain and Seed Agronomist Elton Mayo says pea growers in the

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| Velvetleaf in flower. Photo courtesy of Ministry of Primary Industries.

area are “taking a hit for the team” by ceasing their pea growing operations. While it is a move to safeguard the health of New Zealand’s pea industry, that doesn’t mean it is an easy decision. “Most of the growers aren’t happy about it, in the sense that no crop comes close to doing what peas can do for them,” he says. “I’m getting calls about what options there are but the majority are not quite as profitable.”

financial impacts associated with the move. Until then, the focus is on raising awareness, to make sure the pea weevil doesn’t weave its way through the rest of New Zealand. For more information on velvetleaf, pea weevil and how to notify MPI of any sightings, visit www.mpi.govt.nz/alerts

While the embargo exists on all pea material, MPI is working with growers and representatives to reduce the

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RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE

You can’t farm mud! Out of sight, out of mind, as the saying goes. This is certainly true of land drainage systems, in terms of production benefits and regular maintenance. Installing land drainage is an expensive capital investment. Any other infrastructure asset on-farm of this value would quite rightly have a management plan, assessing performance and scheduling annual upkeep. But not so in New Zealand, where drainage systems tend to be forgotten, until problems appear.

the panning-out of the soil above the pipe. Some of the “fixes” are relatively easy – reinforce pipe outlets, regularly clear surrounding vegetation and spear through compacted soil down into the backfill surrounding the drainage pipe. Replace drainage lines prone to root infiltration with un-punched (no-holes) pipe and reinvigorate mole-drains where required.

Observable signs of drainage issues are wet spots, poor pasture growth with yellowish colour and sluggish flow at the system’s outlets. Causes may range from pipe siltation or collapse to root infiltration, outlet blockage or

Prevention is better than cure – the key considerations being good system design and installation. Incorrect pipe grade or diameter can cause slow flow, with soil not being flushed through. Sedimentation then further reduces flow, eventually blocking the pipe, leading to a waterlogged soil profile. Back-filling the trench with native soil, rather than using an imported aggregate backfill can also leave pipes prone to siltation. Following manufacturer and contractor recommendations in regard to pipe selection and installation will result in fewer issues and deliver better results than taking perceived cost cutting shortcuts.

| Carterton dairy farmer, Chris Engel.

Water jet cleaning is an important component of drainage system maintenance. Hayes Jetting is a Wairarapa based contracting firm that offers this type of service. “Our jetting machine delivers high water volumes at pressure to dislodge sediment build-up in field tiles and NovafloTM and can also cut through roots blocking the pipe”, says business owner Greg Hayes. “Although our jetting hose can travel 225 metres up the pipe, it’s much easier to clean systems where flushing points have been built in, with an access pipe brought to the surface. We also have a tracking head, which is used to find the position of existing drainage lines

Drainage systems not performing to their designed potential will adversely affect pasture production: in the short-term, with less growth and stomping good feed into the ground and in the longterm, with compacted soils providing less than ideal growing conditions.

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| A jetting nozzle.

and locate issues such as squashed or blocked pipes.” “I highly recommend regular pipe jetting,” says Carterton dairy farmer Chris Engel. “We used Greg’s services to find our drainage pipelines, identify system junctions and locate root and soil blockages. By cleaning the pipes, I now have a system operating like brand new for a fraction of the replacement cost.” Initial ground settlement post pipe installation will see soil infiltrate into drainage pipes. Jetting is recommended around 12 months after the install to flush this out and then every 3 to 5 years for optimum performance. Products such Nexus™ land drainage pipe, with its smooth bore increasing the flow velocity, can negate or reduce the severity of siltation. GPS mapping of new systems using services such as Farmtrac™, will make pipe location easier for routine maintenance. For further information, contact your Farmlands Technical Field Officer or the friendly team at your local Farmlands store. Article supplied by Iplex Pipelines.

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RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE

Installing your water tank So winter is over, things are starting to dry out and spring has sprung! Many of you will be looking to get new water tanks to ensure an uninterrupted water supply for the summer ahead. Here’s some handy hints and tips:

• Ensure that the tank site is flat and level, free from any foreign matter that may damage the tank’s base. • Ensure the tank site is well compacted if fill is used to prepare or level the site. • Ensure that the tank site is at

Important considerations when plumbing a tank are:

1. Ensure a flexible hose is installed after the gate or ball valve with a minimum 300mm length. 2. The tank outlet must NOT be subjected to extra force, e.g. over-tightening of fittings. 3. Overflow must be piped clear of base to avoid erosion. 4. The number of inlet pipes, their sizes and capacities must equal the number of overflow pipes, their sizes and capacities. 5. Do not allow the tank site to deteriorate after installation due to any form of erosion or site destruction caused by vermin such as rabbits.

least 300mm larger in diameter than the tank.

300mm FLEXIBLE PIPE

WHEN PIPE WORK IS EXPOSED OR OVER A LONGER DISTANCE, INSERT A 300mm LENGTH OF FLEXIBLE PIPE TO ABSORB SHOCKS AND MOVEMENTS. ALTERNATIVELY LAY PIPEWORK INTO GROUND JUST AFTER THE 300mm FLEXIBLE PIPE TO AVOID RUNNING OVER AND DAMAGE FITTING AND/OR TANK.

• If a sand base is used, a retaining cover should be used to prevent sand from washing away

AVOID FREE HANGING UNSUPPORTED PIPE WORK. IT PUTS EXTRA STRAIN ON FITTINGS AND TANK WALL.

after installation. Remember that a full tank will weigh up to 30 tonnes – so it is important that the surface it sits on is stable and firm. If it’s windy or stormy your tank can easily be blown away if not secured down. Adding 200mm of water to the bottom of the tank is usually enough to weigh it down. Planning how you will install and plumb the tank is important – and it is highly recommended you run your project past a drainlayer or plumber to ensure your plans will work! To take advantage of the maximum catchment of water, downpipes can be fed from both gutters into the one tank. The overflow capacity must match the downpipe capacity.

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300mm SAND OR EQUIVALENT

Promax corrugated tanks can be buried up to 1 metre in the ground – and still retain their 20 year warranty. Burying your Promax tank is a great way to avoid height restriction issues – also a buried tank with shrubs planted around it is more attractive in your backyard! When you are planning to bury a Promax corrugated tank, you should prepare the base with 100mm minimum of compacted sand, just as you would if installing the tank above ground.

For further information, contact your Farmlands Technical Field Officer or the friendly team at your local Farmlands store.

Scan the QR code to watch a water tank installation video from Promax.

Article supplied by Promax.

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DAIRY MANAGEMENT

A simple system for cost effective heat detection Achieving a good calving pattern relies on getting cows in-calf quickly. Accurate heat detection, pre-mating heats and staff training are key ingredients for a successful mating season. The first thing you need to determine is the level of detection skill within staff – are they up to scratch and does everyone involved know exactly what to look for? Do they know how to tail paint? What is your heat detection colour system and are all staff aware of it and understand? Tail painting is the most commonly used and cost effective form of heat detection. Tail painting provides a visual indication of when a cow has stood to be mounted and consequently rubbed, showing that she is in heat.

Here is a simple colour process for heat detection: 1. Begin with pre-mating heats, paint all cows with RED tail paint approximately 3 weeks after calving. Observe the painted area for signs of the paint being rubbed. This will indicate the cow has started her cycle. In cases where the paint has not been rubbed, seek advice from your animal health professional.

2. Paint cows with GREEN tail paint prior to commencing your artificial insemination programme. Cows with rubbed paint indicate they are on heat and should be put up for AI.

How to paint correctly

1. Ensure the area is clean and dry and remove loose hair. 2. Apply paint forward along the spine from the tail head in a strip 15cm long x 5cm wide. GEA|FIL’s range of easy to use, cost effective and New Zealand made tail paint products are specifically designed for dairy cow heat detection. Healthy cows and heifers, free from infection, can expect to show signs of heat every 18–24 days with an average of around 21 days. Cows often have a short cycle after their first heat and are in heat again 8–12 days later. The average interval from calving to first heat in pasture-fed cows in good body condition is 35–45 days. It is about 10 days longer than this in first calving heifers1. 1 Heat Detection: Dairy NZ InCalf 2007 (Editors: Chris Burke, Mark Blackwell and Steve Little).

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3. After inseminating, paint BLUE. This will tell you if she has held to the service (if the paint rubs off, the cow is not pregnant). It may pay to wait until the afternoon milking to paint newly serviced cows, as paint may be rubbed off during the day.

4. Paint all cows with YELLOW tail paint when pregnancy is confirmed.

Empower your team – train them in effective and accurate heat detection, helping them to understand why accurate heat detection is important, what to look for and how to tail paint correctly.

For further information, contact your Farmlands Technical Field Officer or the friendly team at your local Farmlands store. Article supplied by GEA|FIL.