Newsletter_Water_2020_WG1_Energy Efficient Technologies

COST Water_2020 CONCEIVING WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN 2020 Energetic, environmental and economic challenges (ES1202)

WG1 Energy Efficient Technologies 09, 2015

About WG1

What’s Inside ACTIVITIES & EVENTS

Objectives To assess the state of the art, maturity and energy requirement of innovative efficient technologies for wastewater treatment.

Energetic self-sufficiency

Chair Gerasimos Lyberatos National Technical University of Athens (Greece)

Co-chair M.Concetta Tomei

Options for minimising energy consumption and optimising energy production are investigated, aiming at converting WWTPs in net energy providers. This includes activities on energy efficient processes, such as low-temperature autotrophic nitrogen removal, anaerobic – aerobic hybrid MBRs, membrane aerated biofilm reactors, supercritical water oxidation, etc.; as well as on energy recovery alternatives, like sewage sludge (co-)incineration or anaerobic (co-)digestion, microalgae photobioreactors integrated with anaerobic (co)digestion and bioelectrochemical systems (microbial fuel cells, hydrogen, etc.).

WG1 ORGANIZATION – TASK GROUPS TG1 Energy Efficient Nutrient Removal

Water Research Institute, CNR, Rome (Italy)

TG2 Membrane Bioreactors

Secretary

TG4 Efficient Sludge Technologies

Francesco Fatone

TG5 Anaerobic Treatment of Wastewater

University of Verona (Italy)

TG6 Aerobic Granular Reactors

TG3 (joined with WG3) Micropollutants and Recalcitrant

TG1 HIGHLIGHTS Leader Francesco Fatone University of Verona (Italy) francesco.fatone@univr.it

TG1 — Energy efficient nutrient removal Activity summary The main activities of the TG1 can be summarized as follows:

Presentation and Objectives

The “On-line book of TG1 R&D projects” presenting the innovative technologies developed and applied by the TGA1 members.

Water 2020 TG1 gathers academia and water industry partners to assess the state of the art, maturity and opportunities for efficient technologies for nutrients removal in WWTPs in energy and cost effective way.

Review of wastewater treatment schemes that can be apply to obtain the water quality according to the requirements of the current legislation concerning the most sensitive water bodies of COST Water2020 countries - “How low are we going and low can we go for nutrients removal?”

Review “Energetic challenges in BioP removal in municipal WWTPs”, which has the aim to summarize and discuss recent advances and challenges in EPBR removal in municipal WWTPs with an emphasis on energy efficiency and GHG emissions, and related to new (lab-scale) and emerging/innovative (demo-/fullscale) process configurations and operations, and related process modelling/automation for the optimization/improvement of EBPR. In collaboration with the WG3, TG1 will assess the costs of benchmarked wastewater technologies for efficient and sustainable nutrient removal.

List of Publications •

Alvarino, T., Katsou, E., Malamis, S., Suarez, S., Omil, F., Fatone, F. Inhibition of biomass activity in the via nitrite nitrogen removal processes by veterinary pharmaceuticals, Bioresource Technol, 152 (2014), 477-483.

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Bertanza, G., Pedrazzani, R., Manili, L., Menoni, L. Bio-P release in the final clarifiers of a large WWTP with co-precipitation: key factors and troubleshooting, Chem Eng J 230 (2013), 195-201.

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Castro-Barros C.M., Daelman M.R.J., Mampaey K.E., van Loosdrecht M.C.M., Volcke E.I.P. Effect of aeration regime on N2O emission from partial nitritationanammox in a full-scale granular sludge reactor, Water Res, 68 (2015), 793803.

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Daelman M.R.J., De Baets B., van Loosdrecht M.C.M., Volcke E.I.P. Influence of sampling strategies on the estimated nitrous oxide emission from wastewater treatment plants, Water Res, 47(9) (2013), 3120-3130.

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Daelman M.R.J., van Voorthuizen E.M., van Dongen L.G.J.M., Volcke E.I.P., van Loosdrecht M.C.M. Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from municipal wastewater treatment – results from a long-term study, Water Sci Technol, 67(10) (2013), 2350-2355.

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Frison, N., Katsou, E., Malamis, S., Bolzonella, D., Fatone, F. Biological nutrients removal via nitrite from the supernatant of anaerobic co-digestion using a pilot-scale sequencing batch reactor operating under transient conditions, Chem Eng J, 230 (2013), 595-604.

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Frison, N., Katsou, E., Malamis, S., Fatone, F. A novel scheme for denitrifying biological phosphorus removal via nitrite from nutrient-rich anaerobic effluents in a short-cut sequencing batch reactor, J Chem Technol Biot, 2015, DOI 10.1002/jctb.4561

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Frison, N., Katsou, E., Malamis, S., Oehmen, A., Fatone, F. Nutrient removal via nitrite fromreject water and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) storage during nitrifying conditions J Chem Technol Biot, (2015), DOI 10.1002/jctb.4487.

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Ganigué R., Volcke E.I.P., Puig S., Balaguer M.D. and Colprim J. Impact of influent characteristics on a partial nitritation SBR treating high nitrogen loaded wastewater, Bioresource Technol, 111 (2012), 62-69.

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Kalavrouziotis, I.K., Kokkinos, P., Oron, G., Fatone, F., Bolzonella, D., Vatyliotou, M., Fatta-Kassinos, D., Koukoulakis, P.H., Varnavas, S.P. Current status in wastewater treatment, reuse and research in some mediterranean countries, Desalination and Water Treatment, 53(8) (2013), 2015-2030.

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Karło, A., Wilk, A., Ziembińska-Buczyńska, A., Surmacz-Górska, J. Cultivation parameters adjustment for effective algal biomass production, Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska (Annual Set the Environment Protection) (2015) in press.

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Katsou, E., Frison, N., Malamis, S., Fatone, F. Use of external carbon sources derived from biowaste for short-cut nutrient removal from anaerobic effluents, Water Sci Technol, 69 (2014), 1853-1858.

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Katsou, E., Malamis, S., Frison, N., Fatone, F. Coupling the treatment of low strength anaerobic effluent with fermented biowaste for nutrient removal via nitrite, J Environ Manage, 149 (2015), 108-117.

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Kouba V., Catrysse M., Stryjova H., Jonatova I., Volcke E.I.P., Svehla P., Bartacek J. The impact of influent total ammonium nitrogen concentration on nitrite oxidizing bacteria inhibition in moving bed biofilm reactor, Water Sci Technol, 69(6) (2014), 1227-1233.

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Longo, S., Katsou, E., Malamis, S., Frison, N., Renzi, D., Fatone, F. Recovery of volatile fatty acids from fermentation of sewage sludge in municipal wastewater treatment plants, Bioresource Technol, 175 (2015), 436-444.

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Malamis, S., Katsou, E., Di Fabio, S., Bolzonella, D., Fatone, F. Biological nutrients removal from the supernatant originating from the anaerobic digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste, Crit Rev Biotechn, 34 (3) (2014), 244-257.

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Malamis, S., Katsou, E., Fatone, F., Integration of energy efficient processes in carbon and nutrient removal from sewage. Chapter 5 in: Sewage Treatment Plants: Economic Evaluation of Innovative Technology for Energy Efficiency.

Integrated Environmental Technology Series. Stamatelatou and Tsagarakis (Eds.). IWA Publishing, 2015

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Malamis, S., Katsou, E., Frison, N., Di Fabio, S., Noutsopoulos, C., Fatone, F. Start-up of the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal process using low activity anammox inoculum to treat low strength UASB effluent, Bioresource Technol, 148 (2013), 467-473.

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Mampaey K.E., Beuckels B., Kampschreur M.J., Kleerebezem R., van Loosdrecht M.C.M. and Volcke E.I.P. Modelling nitrous and nitric oxide emissions by autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. Environ Technol, 32(12) (2013), 1555-1566.

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Mozumder M.S., Picioreanu C., van Loosdrecht M.C.M., Volcke E.I.P. Effect of heterotrophic growth on autotrophic nitrogen removal in a granular sludge reactor. Environ Technol, 35(8) (2014), 1027-1037.

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Renzi, D., Longo, S., Frison, N., Malamis, S., Katsou, E., Fatone, F. Short-cut enhanced nutrient removal from anaerobic supernatants: Pilot scale results and full scale development of the S.C.E.N.A. process. Chapter 16 in: Sewage Treatment Plants: Economic Evaluation of Innovative Technology for Energy Efficiency. Integrated Environmental Technology Series. Stamatelatou and Tsagarakis (Eds.). IWA Publishing, 2015

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Rodriguez-Garcia, G., Frison, N., Vázquez-Padín, J.R., Hospido, A., Garrido, J.M., Fatone, F., Bolzonella, D., Moreira, M.T., Feijoo, G. Life cycle assessment of nutrient removal technologies for the treatment of anaerobic digestion supernatant and its integration in a wastewater treatment plant, Sci Total Environ, 490 (2014), 871-879.

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Ruiz-Martinez, A., Serralta, J., Pachés, M., Seco, A., Ferrer, J. Mixed microalgae culture for ammonium removal in the absence of phosphorus: Effect of phosphorus supplementationand process modelling, Process Biochem, 49 (2014), 2249-2257.

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Ruiz-Martinez, A., Serralta, J.,Romero, I., Seco, A., and Ferrer, J., Effect of intracellular P content on phosphate removal in Scenedesmus sp. Experimental study and kinetic expression. Bioresource Technol, 175 (2015), 325-332.

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Van Hulle S.W.H., Callens J., Mampaey K.E., van Loosdrecht M.C.M. and Volcke E.I.P. N2O and NO emission during autotrophic nitrogen removal in a granular sludge reactor: a simulation study, Environ Technol, 33(20) (2012), 2281-2290.

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Vannecke T.P.W., Bernet N., Steyer J.-P., Volcke E.I.P. Modelling ammonium oxidizing population shifts in a biofilm reactor, Water Sci Technol, 69(1) (2014), 208-215.

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Ziembińska-Buczynska, A., Kociołek, B., Ślipko, K., Daniłowicz, A., Cema, G., Surmacz-Górska, J. The adjustment of granular sludge DNA isolation for PCRbased methods, ACEE Journal (2015) in press.

Projects •

Integrated technology for improved energy balance and reduced greenhouse gas emissions at municipal wastewater treatment plants. Project BARITECH within the Polish – Norwegian Research Cooperation Programme (Project consortium: Gdansk University of Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Silesian University of Technology, Aquateam Norwegian Water Technology Centre).

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SANITAS – Sustainable and integrated urban water system management, EU Marie Curie Initial Training Networks (ITN) - 7th Framework programme (Proposal N° 289193), November 2011 – October 2015 Project coordinator: Environmental and Chemical Engineering Lab, Universitat de Girona (UdG), Spain.

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MAB2.0-Microalgae Biorefinery (CLIMATE KIC-EIT)

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Integral Management Model for Phosphorus recovery and reuse from Urban Wastewater-LIFE PHORWater (LIFE 12 ENV/ES/000441)

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Experimental study of the recovery of nutrients and energy as biogas from organic matter of wastewater, coupling an AnBRM and microalgae cultivation (CTM2011-28595-C02-02/TECH)

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H2020-EE-2014-3-MarketUptake: Standard method and online tool for assessing and improving the energy efficiency of waste water treatment plants (ENERWATER), (Consortium involves the groups from the USC, Spain, and the UNVIR, Italy, and Cranfield University, UK)

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LIFE+2012 Environmental Policy And Governance “Sustainable management of livestock waste for the removal/recovery of nutrients” (LIFE-LIVEWASTE) (LIFE10 ENV/CY/00544)

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FP7 2007-2013 PEOPLE 2012 CIG "Low Environmental Footprint Biological Treatment Processes for Waste and Wastewater Treatment" (LEF BIOWASTE) (Project reference: 322333)

Conferences •

Basset, N., Katsou, E., Frison, N., Malamis, S., Jelic, A., Fatone, F. Integrating the selection of PHA storing biomass and nitrogen removal via nitrite in the main wastewater treatment line, 2nd IWA Specialized International Conference ecoSTP2014, EcoTechnologies for Wastewater Treatment: Technical, Environmental & Economic Challenges, Verona (Italy), 23-25 June 2014.

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Crutchik, D., Frison, N., Jelic A., Fatone, F. Sewage sludge fermentation for nutrients recovery and production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) through the via-nitrite pathway. IWA, Young Water Professional 2015, Thessaloniki (Greece) 10-12 May 2015.

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Fatone, F. Current status in wastewater treatment, reuse and research in some Mediterranean countries, Ecomondo, a Mediterranean Platform for the sustainable growth, Rimini (Italy), 7 November 2014.

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Fatone, F. Phosphorus recovery in municipal WWTPs: research and case studies in Italy, (Plenary) IWA Young Water Professional 2015, Thessaloniki (Greece) 10-12 May 2015.

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Fatone, F., Frison, N., Katsou, E., Longo, S., Malamis, S., Piasentin, A., Renzi, D. Short-cut enhanced nutrient abatement (SCENA) from anaerobic supernatant at pilot and full scale 2nd IWA Specialized International Conference ecoSTP2014, EcoTechnologies for Wastewater Treatment: Technical, Environmental & Economic Challenges, Verona (Italy), 23-25 June 2014.

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Frison, N., Chiumenti, A., Katsou, E., Malamis, S., Bolzonella, D., Fatone, F. Mitigating gaseous emissions in the biological nitrogen removal via nitrite process treating anaerobic effluents, IWA Regional Conference on Waste and Wastewater Management, Science and Technology, Limassol, (Cyprus), 27-28 June 2013.

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Frison, N., Katsou, E., Malamis, S., Di Fabio, S., Fatone, F. Enhanced via-nitrite phosphorus removal from nitrogenous anaerobic supernatant in a sequencing

batch reactor, 13th World Congress on Anaerobic Digestion, Santiago de Compostela, 25-28 June 2013.

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Frison, N., Katsou, E., Malamis, S., Fatone, F., Oehmen, A. A novel PHA production and nitritation process for treating anaerobic supernatants. 2nd IWA Specialized International Conference ecoSTP2014, EcoTechnologies for Wastewater Treatment: Technical, Environmental & Economic Challenges, Verona (Italy), 23-25 June 2014.

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Frison, N., Longo, S., Renzi D., Fatone, F. Short-Cut Enhanced Nutrients Abatement (S.C.E.N.A.) From Reject Water: Moving The System Into Practice.

Nutrient Removal and Recovery: moving innovation into practice. Gdansk (Poland), 18-21 June 2015.

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Frison, N., Toniolo, F., Katsou, E., Malamis, S., Fatone, F. Using alternative external carbon sources for enhanced nutrients removal via-nitrite from the anaerobic supernatant of WAS and OFMSW in a Sequencing Batch Reactor, Asset Management for Enhancing Energy Efficiency in Water and Wastewater, Marbella (Spain), 24-26 April 2013.

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Jelic, A., Frison, N., di Fabio, S., Cecchi, F. Fatone, F. Monitoring trace PCBs in large industrial centralized wastewater treatment plant. IWA, Young Water Professional 2015, Thessaloniki (Greece) 10-12 May 2015.

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Katsou, E., Frison, N., Malamis, S., Oehmen, A., Fatone, F. Impact Of External Carbon Source In Via Nitrite Treatment Of The Sludge Anaerobic Supernatant, 2nd IWA Specialized International Conference ecoSTP2014, EcoTechnologies for Wastewater Treatment: Technical, Environmental & Economic Challenges, Verona (Italy), 23-25 June 2014.

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Katsou, E., Malamis, S., Frison, N., Fatone, F. Assessing alternative treatment schemes for the decentralized co-treatment of domestic organic waste and wastewater, 12th IWA Specialist Conference on Small Water and Wastewater Systems & 4th IWA Specialist Conference on Resource Oriented Sanitation, Muscat (Sultanate of Oman), 2-4 November 2014.

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Katsou, E., Malamis, S., Frison, N., Fatone, F. Effect of nitrite and external carbon source on the via nitrite biological phosphorus removal, IBIC 2014 4th International Conference on Industrial Biotechnology, Rome (Italy), 8-11 June, 2014.

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Katsou, E., Malamis, S., Frison, N., Santos Silva, J., Grace Barros, V., Fatone, F. The effect of nitrogen loading rate on short-cut nutrients removal from low strength UASB effluent for decentralized communities, IWA Regional Conference on Waste and Wastewater Management, Science and Technology, Limassol, (Cyprus), 27-28 June 2013.

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Katsou, E., Malamis, S., Jelic, A., Frison, N., Cecchi, F., Fatone, F. Integrated UASB-SBR scheme for the co-treatment of domestic wastewater and organic waste, 2nd IWA Specialized International Conference ecoSTP2014, EcoTechnologies for Wastewater Treatment: Technical, Environmental & Economic Challenges, Verona (Italy), 23-25 June 2014.

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Lijó, L., Frison, N., González-García, S., Katsou, E., Malamis, S., Fatone, F., Feijoo, G., Moreira, M.T. Assessing the environmental consequences of the comanagement of wastewater and domestic organic waste. IWA, Young Water Professional 2015, Thessaloniki (Greece), 10-12 May 2015.

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Lijó, L., González-García, S., Katsou, E., Malamis, S., Fatone, F., Feijoo, G., Moreira, M.T. Environmental Assessment of Organic Waste and Domestic Wastewater Management in Decentralised Communities, 2nd IWA Specialized International Conference ecoSTP2014, EcoTechnologies for Wastewater

Treatment: Technical, Environmental & Economic Challenges, Verona (Italy), 23-25 June 2014.

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Lijó, L., González-García, S., Renzi, D., Fatone, F., Feijoo, G., Moreira, M.T. Environmental assessment of bioenergy production through suitable wastewater and waste management, 2nd IWA Specialized International Conference ecoSTP2014, EcoTechnologies for Wastewater Treatment: Technical, Environmental & Economic Challenges, Verona (Italy), 23-25 June 2014.

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Longo, S., Frison, N., Katsou, E., Malamis, S., Renzi, D., Fatone, F. Optimization and impact of sludge alkaline fermentation on nutrient removal from sewage, 2nd IWA Specialized International Conference ecoSTP2014, EcoTechnologies for Wastewater Treatment: Technical, Environmental & Economic Challenges, Verona (Italy), 23-25 June 2014.

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Longo, S., Frison, N., Katsou, E., Malamis, S., Renzi, D., Lijò, L., Fatone, F. Valorization of sewage sludge for via nitrite nutrients removal from anaerobic effluents, Wastewater and Biosolids Treatment and Reuse (WBTR): Bridging Modeling and Experimental Studies, Otranto (Italy), June 8-14, 2014.

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Malamis, S., Frison, N., Katsou, E., Bolzonella, D., Fatone, F. Applying the autotrophic nitrogen removal process for the treatment of anaerobic pig slurry, 2nd IWA Specialized International Conference ecoSTP2014, EcoTechnologies for Wastewater Treatment: Technical, Environmental & Economic Challenges, Verona (Italy), 23-25 June 2014.

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Nazarewicz K., Cema G., Schneider Y., Beier M. (2015) Influence of free ammonia and its ionized form on the Anammox process activity. In: Proceedings of IWA Nutrient Removal and Recovery, Gdańsk (Poland), 18-21 May 2015.

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Porro, J., Garrido-Baserba, M., Milleri, C., Rosso, D., Sobhani, R., Pons, M.N., Renzi, D., Fatone, F., Comas, J., Poch, M. A knowledge-based decision support tool for selecting Eco wastewater treatment technologies in today’s global complexities. 2nd IWA Specialized International Conference ecoSTP2014, EcoTechnologies for Wastewater Treatment: Technical, Environmental & Economic Challenges, Verona (Italy), 23-25 June 2014.

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Rodriguez-Garcia, Frison, N., Vazquez-Padin, J.R., Hospido, A., Garrido, J., Fatone, F., Bolzonella, D., Moreira, M.T., Feijoo, G. Environmental burdens of nutrient removal technologies for the treatment of anaerobic digestion supernatant and its integration in a sewage treatment plant, 13th World Congress on Anaerobic Digestion, Santiago de Compostela, 25-28 June 2013.

STSM – cooperation activities •

Research stay of Celia Castro (Ghent University, Belgium; promoter: prof.

Eveline Volcke) at TUDelft, The Netherlands (local supervisor: prof. Mark van Loosdrecht) on ‘Characterization of anammox biomass’, 6 April – 8 May 2015.

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Research stay of Joan Dosta (University of Barcelona, ES) at University of Verona (IT) on ‘Study of an UASB-type anaerobic membrane bioreactor to treat domestic wastewater and food waste’, 2014.

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Research stay of Athanasios Dounavis (FORTH, EL) at University of Verona (IT) on ‘Cotreatment of domestic effluents and BOW’, 2014.

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Research stay of Nicola Frison (University Cà Foscari, Venice,Treviso, IT) at Universidade Nova de Lisboa (PT) on ‘Via-nitrite enhanced biological phosphorus removal and recovery of PHA using best available carbon’, 2013.

Other events •

IWA Nutrient Removal and Recovery 2015: moving innovation into practice (18-21 May, Gdansk, Poland)

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The first training school "Energy recovery in anaerobic processes in wastewater and sludge processing” was organized within Water_2020 by the Silesian University of Technology in Gliwice (Poland) from 24th to 27th September 2013. This course was focused on technologies for energy recovery and saving during wastewater treatment, nutrient removal and sludge management. The course contained topics like: Anammox process, methanogenesis for energy recovery, sludge pretreatment, low-temperature anaerobic sewage treatment, biofilm technologies, microbial fuel cells, hydrogen and biopolymers production. 20 ESR from 8 countries attended the training school, the lectures were given by 5 senior researchers of the Action from 4 different countries.

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Following the novel holistic approach in “conceiving wastewater treatment in 2020” promoted by the Water_2020, the 2nd IWA Specialized International Conference Ecotechnologies for Wastewater Treatment - EcoSTP2014 was organized in Verona (Italy) from 23-27. June 2014. EcoSTP2014 gathered engineers, scientists, economists and policy makers from the water sector to present their most recent technological and scientific outcomes. During the Conference, the Plenary Meeting of the Water_2020 Network took place from 23-25June 2014.

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The upcoming 19th International Trade Fair of Material & Energy Recovery and Sustainable Development - ECOMONDO 2015 – to be held in Rimini (Italy) from 3-6th November 2015, will host a conference “Ready to market leading-edge techniques for the near future municipal wastewater treatment plants” organized by the University of Verona, IRSACNR, Federutility, CTS Ecomondo and Water_2020 network. The Conference will be held on 5th November 2015, from 10 am to 5 pm, in the Global Water Expo Room. More information at http://en.ecomondo.com/

Other activities •

Erasmus program between the University of Verona (IT) and the University of Santiago de Compostela (ES).

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Erasmus program between the University of Verona (IT) and the Karlsruhe University of Applied Science (D).

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Erasmus program between the University of Verona (IT) and the Brunel University of London Science (UK).

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TG2 HIGHLIGHTS Leader Eoin Syron University College Dublin (Ireland) eoin.syron@ucd.ie

TG2 — Membrane bioreactors Activity summary Preparation of a review paper on “Membrane in wastewater treatment” including: History and Development Recent developments in MBR technology Innovative use of membranes in wastewater treatment

Presentation and Objectives

Economics of membrane use

Given the expertize of the TG2 components, potential topics for the Task Group are:

Overall Life cycle of membrane based treatment processes Challenges yet to be overcome

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Anaerobic MBR

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Post treatment of anaerobic reactors

List of Publications

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Membrane fouling

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Energy usage

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Removal of nutrients & emerging pollutants

Di Fabio, S., Malamis, S., Katsou, E., Vecchiato, G., Cecch, F., Fatone, F. Are centralized MBRs coping with the current transition of large petrochemical areas? A pilot study in Porto-Marghera (Venice), Chem Eng J, 214 (2013), 6877.

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Ferrer, J., Pretel, R., Durán, F., Giménez, J.B., Robles, A., Ruano, M.V., Serralta, J., Ribes, J., Seco, A. Design methodology for submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBR): A case study, Sep Purif Technol, 141 (2015), 378-386.

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Frison, N., Di Fabio, S., Cavinato, C., Pavan, P., Fatone, F. Best available carbon sources to enhance the via-nitrite biological nutrients removal from supernatants of anaerobic co-digestion, Chem Eng J, 215 (2013), 15-22.

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Giménez, J.B., Martí, N., Robles, A., Ferrer, J., Seco, A. Anaerobic treatment of urban wastewater in membrane bioreactors (MBRs): Evaluation of seasonal temperature variations, Water Sci Technol, 69(7) (2014), 1581-1588.

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Krzeminski, P., van der Graaf, J.H.J.M., van Lier, J.B. Impact of inflow conditions on activated sludge filterability and membrane bioreactor (MBR) operation, Desalination and Water Treatment (2015), in press.

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Lousada-Ferreira, M., Krzeminski, P., Geilvoet, S., Moreau, A., Gil, J.A., Evenblij, H., van Lier, J.B., van der Graaf, J.H.J.M. Filtration Characterization Method as Tool to Assess Membrane Bioreactor Sludge Filterability - The Delft Experience. Membranes (2014) 227-242.

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Malamis, S., Katsou, E., Di Fabio, S., Frison, N., Cecchi, F., Fatone, F. Treatment of petrochemical wastewater by employing membrane bioreactors: a case study of effluents discharged to a sensitive water recipient, Desalination and Water Treatment, 52(12) (2014), 3397-3406.

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Pretel, R., Robles, A., Ruano, M.V., Seco, A., Ferrer , J. The operating cost of an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) treating sulphate-rich urban wastewater, Sep Purif Technol 126 (2014), 30-38.

Potential deliverables of TG2 are: •

Recommendations on when to use an mbr

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Paper on the current state of the art in europe with respect to MBR

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Robles, A., Ruano, M.V., Ribes, J., Seco, A., Ferrer, J. Global sensitivity analysis of a filtration model for submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBR), Bioresource Technol 158 (2014), 365-373.

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Robles, A., Ruano, M.V., Ribes, J., Seco, A., Ferrer, J. Model-based automatic tuning of a filtration control system for submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBR), J Membrane Sci, 465 (2014), 14-26.

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Robles, A., Durán, F., Ruano, M.V., Ribes, J., Rosado, A., Seco, A., Ferrer, J. Instrumentation, control, and automation (ICA) for submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBR), Environ Technol (2015).

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Sánchez-Ramírez, J.E., Seco, A., Ferrer, J., Bouzas, A., García-Usach, F. Treatment of a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR) effluent by an activated sludge system: The role of sulphide and thiosulphate in the process, J Environ Manage, 147 (2015), 213-218.

Projects •

Membrane for Energy and Water Recovery-LIFE Memory (LIFE13 ENV/ES/001353) (A. Seco)

STSM – cooperation activities •

Action Group under EIP on Water “'Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor for Recovery of Energy and Resources to achieve Sustainable Water Reuse.

TG3 HIGHLIGHTS Leader Giuseppe Mascolo Water Research Institute, CNR, Bari (Italy)

TG3 — Micropollutants and recalcitrant

giuseppe.mascolo@ba.irsa.cnr.it

Activity summary

Presentation and Objectives

The deliverables of TG3 are as follows: D1.1: Opinion paper (month 12), D1.2: elearning course (month 24), D1.3: Electronic questionnaire (month 36).

The main objective of TG3 is to review the micropollutants in wastewater treatment worldwide and to communicate this issue in europe.

In fact, across Europe, most people don´t know where our drinking water comes from, or how big the efforts are to allow us to perform the most normal daily action, namely to open the tap and to consume clean, clear and pure water. Still, it is the extremely high quality of our drinking water that ensures the healthy life we lead. In fact, to provide unpolluted water as a resource for drinking water supply, food production but also other aspects of daily life, is one of the major challenges for Europe in the closer future. Whereas well-assessed treatment strategies exist for classical issues such as removal of nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen), detergents and even microorganisms, novel emergent organic compounds pose a threat to our water reserves. More than 100,000 different chemi¬cals are presently distributed on the European market, one third of them exceeding quantities of one ton per year. Thanks to the continuous improvement of analytical techniques, a large number of pharmaceuticals has been detected and identified frequently during the last years in effluents from wastewater treatment plant, surface waters or ground waters. Since the majority of all significant waters, lakes and streams are shared between several European countries, the EU has to find a common strategy for the treatment of wastewater, and a zero pollution regime for effluents. Furthermore it will be necessary to expand the scope of water protection to all waters, surface waters and groundwater; to achieve satisfactory status for all waters by a set deadline; and to delegate water management to regional authorities based on river basins.

The opinion paper entitled “Status of estradiols and diclofenac in waste water effluents across several European states – considerations for the EU watchlist” has been prepared and the main issues included in it are as follows: Paper will focus on the three compounds included by the EU in the “watch list” of the Water Framework Directive: Diclofenac (a painkiller suspected of killing fish); 17β-Estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2). They are endocrine disrupting compounds that harm fish reproduction.

Definition of terms, Need for action: From prescription to Effects National inventories, Consumption data Diclofenac, EE2, 17ß-Estradiol, (E2 excretion product, but calculation available) Parents, Metabolites and analytical problems (Diclofenac acidic, ionized) Monitoring by targeted analysis. Accompanying compounds in the water Estrogens are glucorinated, higher concentrations after primary treatment step. Diclofenac metabolism was already reported in literature, further degradation products with toxicity are known.

Target and non-target degradation compounds analysis Behavior in treatment system (exp. For Diclofenac) Fate until secondary treatment Concentration found in effluent and receiving water bodies (EU level) Possible solutions about treatment: Sludge retention time, Lagoon systems, membrane systems small capacity, Full scale, pilot scale or lab trials?

Options after biological treatment Advanced biological treatment, MBR, AOP Economy of remediation Socio-Economy & perception, Stakeholder behavior

As regards the second task which regards the organization of an e-learning unit on micropollutant removal, a progress was recently made. A first list of members interested in giving the online lessons on the topic of micropollutant in WWTPs has been created, which also proposed some specific topics to be addressed. The outline of the learning course is as follows: Modules 0. General introduction of the course 1. General introduction; What are organic micropollutants?

2.

Fate and Occurrence (Analytical advances)

3. Legislation in EU and EU member states (WFD, Reach) 4. Treatment 1.

Conventıonal Treatment Options (Chemical/Biological, Hybrid Processes) 2.

Advanced treatment optıons (AOPs, membranes, adsorptıon)

5. Risk and Risk Assessment (eco and human)

6.

Impact evaluation of treatment technology

7.

Fate of MP in sludge

8.

Economics

9.

10.

11.

12.

1.

Modelling Decision support systems, like Novedar EDS Concluding remarks Case studies Integrated treatment of pharmaceuticals

2. Ozonation of Brominated flame retardants in municipal WWTP sludge 3. Photocatalytic degradation of different groups of antibiotics in suspended system 4. Land application of treated sludge – potential issues for runoff of contaminants 5. Ozonation of textile wastewater: EDCs removal 6. Efficiency in EDCs removal of a full-scale MBR 7. Gamma and e-beam irradiation for disinfection of wastewater, as an AOP system

Contributors (contactperson in bold) Alette Langenhoff Alette Langenhoff, Biljana Skirbic, Natasa Djurisic, Jolanta Dvarioniene Biljana Skirbic, Giuseppe Mascolo, Jolanta Dvarioniene, Christian Vogelsang, Nataša Djurisic Mladenovic, Jelena Zivancev, Dragan Mutavd Konstantinos Tsagarakis, Jolanta Dvarioniene, Christian Vogelsang -Brigitte Helmreıch, Marta Carballa, Christian Vogelsang, Alette Langenhoff Christian Vogelsang, Giuseppe Mascolo, Süreyya Meriç Pagano, Giusy Lofrano, Peter Schröder, Brigitte Helmreıch, Zişan Emre, Ivan Brnardic, Sandra Contreras Christian Vogelsang, Emma Martinez-Lopez, Antonio Garcia Fernandez, Matteo Papa, Giorgio Bertanza, Mohamed Tawfic Ahmed Süreyya Meriç Pagano, Christian Vogelsang, Marta Carballa, Giuseppe Mascolo, Mark Healy Andrea Guerinni Xavier Flores, Marie-Noelle Pons Quim Comas and colleagues Alette Langenhoff -Giuseppe Mascolo, Sandra Contreras Giuseppe Mascolo Süreyya Meriç, Can Burak Ozkal, Giusy Lofrano Mark Healy Matteo Papa, Giorgio Bertanza Giorgio Bertanza, Matteo Papa Zişan Emre

List of Publications •

Amorim, C.L., Ferreira, A.C.S., Carvalho, M.F., Afonso, C.M.M. and Castro, P.M.L. Mineralization of 4-fluorocinnamic acid by a Rhodococcus strain, Appl Microbiol Biot, 98 (2014), 1893-1905.

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Amorim, C.L., Moreira, I.S., Maia, A.S., Tiritan, M.E. and Castro, P.M.L. Biodegradation of ofloxacin, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin as single and mixed substrates by Labrys portucalensis F11, Appl Microbiol Biot, 98(7) (2014), 3181-3190.

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Barca, E., Del Moro, G., Mascolo, G., Di Iaconi, C. Gross parameters prediction of a granular attached biomass reactor through evolutionary polynomial regression, Biochem Eng J, 94 (2015) 74-84.

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Bertanza, G., Papa, M., Pedrazzani, R., Repice, C., Dal Grande, M. Tertiary ozonation of industrial wastewater for the removal of estrogenic compounds (NP and BPA): a full scale case study, Water Sci Technol, 68 (2013), 567-574.

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Bertanza, G., Papa, M., Pedrazzani, R., Repice, C., Mazzoleni, G., Steimberg, N., Feretti, D., Ceretti, E., Zerbini, I. EDCs, estrogenicity and genotoxicity reduction in a mixed (domestic + textile) secondary effluent by means of ozonation: a fullscale experience, Sci Total Environ, 458-460 (2013), 160-168.

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Braguglia, C.M., Coors, A., Gallipoli, A., Gianico, A., Guillon, E., Kunkel, U., Mascolo, G., Ternes, T.A., Richter, E., Tomei, M.C., Mininni. G. Quality assessment of biosolids produced by novel sludge processing, Environ Sci Pollut Res, 22(10) (2015), 7216-7235.

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Casatta, N., Mascolo, G., Roscioli, C, Viganò, L. Tracing endocrine disrupting chemicals in a coastal lagoon (Sacca di Goro, Italy): Sediment contamination and bioaccumulation in Manila clams, Sci Tot Environ, 511 (2015), 214-222.

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De Luca, A., Dantas, R.F., Esplugas, S. Assessment of iron chelates efficiency for photo-Fenton at neutral pH, Water Res, 61 (2014) 232-242.

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Di Fabio, S., Lampis, S., Zanetti, L., Cecchi, F., Fatone, F. Role and characteristics of problematic biofilms within the removal and mobility of trace metals in a pilot-scale membrane bioreactor, Process Biochem, 48 (2013), 1757-1766.

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Giménez, J., Bayarri, B., González, O., Malato, S., Peral, J., Esplugas, S. A comparison of the environment impact of different AOPs: risk indexes, Molecules, 20, (2015), 503-518.

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Jelic, A., Di Fabio, S., Vecchiato, G., Cecchi, F., Fatone, F. Nano-occurrence and removal of PCBs within the Europe's largest petrochemical MBR system, Water Res, 2015 (in press).

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Jelic, A., Katsou, E., Malamis, S., Bolzonella, D., Fatone, F. Occurrence, removal and fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and volatile organic compounds in municipal wastewater treatment plants: A literature review. Chapter 5 in: Wastewater Treatment: Occurrence and Fate of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). Forsgren, A. (Ed.). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2015.

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Katsou, E., Malamis, S., Mamais, D., Bolzonella, D., Fatone, F. Occurrence, fate and removal of PAHs and VOCs in WWTPs using activated sludge processes and membrane bioreactors: Results from Italy and Greece. Chapter 6 in: Wastewater Treatment: Occurrence and Fate of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs).

Forsgren, A. (Ed.). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2015.

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Katsou, E., Malamis, S., Cecchi F., Fatone, F. Fate and removal of trace metals from urban wastewater by membrane bioreactors: pilot and full-scale experiences in Membrane Technologies for Water Treatment:Removal of Toxic Trace Elements, Editors Alberto Figoli, Jan Hoinkis, Jochen Bundschuh, Chapter 11, 2015, Sustainable Water Developments, CRC press (Taylor and Francis Group).

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Maia, A.S., Ribeiro, A.R., Amorim, C.L., Barreiro, J., Cass, Q., Castro, P.M.L., Tiritan, M.E. Degradation of four fluoroquinolone antibiotics by a bacterial consortium followed by HPLC-FD and LC- MS/MS, J Chromatogr A, 1333 (2014), 87-98.

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Moreira, I.S., Ribeiro, A.R., Afonso, C.M., Tiritan, M.E., Castro, P.M.L. Enantioselective biodegradation of fluoxetine by the bacterial strain Labrys portucalensis F11, Chemosphere, 111 (2014), 103-111.

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Papa, M., Pedrazzani, R., Bertanza, G. How green are environmental technologies? A new approach for a global evaluation: the case of WWTP effluents ozonation, Water Res, 47 (2013), 3679-3687.

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Pastore, C., Barca, E., Del Moro, G., Lopez, A., Mininni, G., Mascolo. G. Recoverable and reusable aluminium solvated species used as ahomogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production from brown grease, Appl Catal A-Gen, 501 (2015), 48-55.

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Pereira, S.V., Reis, T., Souza, B.S., Dantas, R.F., Azevedo, D.A., Dezotti, M., Sans, C., Esplugas, S. Estrogenicity assessment of s-triazines by-products during ozonation, Environ Technol, 36(12) (2014) 1-25.

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Ribeiro, A.R., Maia, A.S., Moreira, I.S., Afonso, C.M., Castro, P.M.L., Tiritan, M.E. Enantioselective quantification of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine by HPLC in wastewater effluents, Chemosphere, 95 (2014), 589-96.

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Ribeiro, A.R., Santos, L.H.M.L.M., Maia, A.S., Delerue-Matos, C., Castro, P.M.L., Tiritan, M.E. Enantiomeric fraction evaluation of pharmaceuticals in environmental matrices by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

J Chromatogr A (2014)

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Romero, V., Méndez-Arriaga, F., Marco, P., Giménez, J., Esplugas, S. Comparing the photocatalytic oxidation of Metoprolol in a solarbox and a solar pilot plant reactor, Chem Eng J, 254 (2014) 17-29.

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Souza, B.S., Dantas, R.F., Cruz, A., Sans, C., Esplugas, S., Dezotti, M. Photochemical oxidation of municipal secondary effluents at low H2O2 dosage: study of hydroxyl radical scavenging and process performance, Chem Eng J, 237 (2014) 268-276.

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Viganò, L., Mascolo, G., Roscioli, C. Emerging and priority contaminants with endocrine active potentials in sediments and fish from the river Po (Italy).

Environ Sci Poll Research, in press.

Projects •

Together with other partners of the COST Action it was presented a research proposal entitled “Advanced wastewater treatments for the removal of Emerging COntaminants and pathogens for urban treatment plants UPgrading and wastewater reuse (ECO-UP)” to the call Water JPI - Water Challenges for a Changing World Joint Programming Initiative.

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PTDC/EBB-BBI/111699/2009: FLUROPHARMA - Biodegradation and removal of chiral and achiral fluorinated pharmaceuticals from wastewaters.

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Enginyeria de processos d'oxidació avançada (AGAUR-2014SGR245. SPAIN) 2014-2018.

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Aplicación de los procesos de oxidación avanzada a la reutilización de agua (CTQ2011-26258. SPAIN) 2012-2015.

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Advanced Treatments for Water Sustainability in Europe and China (PIRSESGA-2012-318926.EU) 2012-2015.

Conferences •

Cruz, A., Sans, C., Esplugas, S. Inactivation of Escherichia Coli by Fe/alginate heterogeneous photo-Fenton at neutral pH. IWA 2nd International Conference of Recycling and Reuse, (R&R, 2014) Istanbul, (Turkey) June 4-6 2014

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Ferreira, V.R.A., Amorim, C.L., Cravo, S.M., Tiritan, M.E., Castro, P.M.L., Afonso, C.M.M. Biosorption of fluoroquinolones by activated sludge and aerobic granules sludge. 8º IJUP- 8th Meeting of young researchers of University of Porto, Porto (Portugal), 13-15 May 2015.

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Ferreira, V.R.A., Amorim, C.L., Cravo, S.M., Tiritan, M.E., Castro, P.M.L., Afonso, C.M.M. Remoção de fluoroquinolonas do ambiente: biossorção a lamas ativadas e a grânulos aeróbios. XX Encontro Luso Galego de Química. Porto, (Portugal), 26-28 November 2014.

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Marce, M., Domenjuoud, B., Esplugas, S., Baig, S. Ozonation treatment of urban primary and biotreated wastewaters: Impacts and modeling. In: Abstracts of IOA-EA3G:Ozone and related oxidants. Advances in science and technology, Dublin (Ireland), 3-5 June 2014.

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Marce, M., Domenjuoud, B., Esplugas, S., Baig, S. Bench-scale ozonation of municipal wastewater effluents. 3rd Water Research Conference. Shenzhen (China), 11-14 January 2015.

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Papa, M., Pedrazzani, R., Bertanza, G. When more means better? How to assess the wastewater treatment chain by means of a global evaluation tool, 2nd IWA Specialised Conference on Ecotechnologies for Wastewater Treatment, Verona, (Italy), June 23-25 2014.

STSM – cooperation activities •

The PhD student Pallavi Ghute, performed a STSM at CNR-IRSA from 14/10/2013 to 31/12/2013. The STSM was performed according to the scheduled plan which was agreed with dr. Contreras.

TG4 HIGHLIGHTS Leader Sergio Ponsa Universitat de Vic (Spain) sergio.ponsa@uvic.cat

Presentation and Objectives The main objective of TG4 is to review the advanced sludge treatment technologies worldwide and to develop a common strategy in Europe.

Sludge has been considered and treated during many years as a waste and the strategies proposed had as objective a safe disposal of the sludge. However during the last years it has been demonstrated that sewage sludge can be considered as a source for both energy and raw materials.

TG4 — Efficient sludge technologies Activity summary The main activities have been addressed to identify the novel and emerging technologies to valorise sewage sludge. A part from the well-established technologies, many other initiatives have been promoted Worldwide to recover resources (materials and energy) from sludge. In this sense the research that have been done tried to identify these technologies and initiatives, to assess the state of development, considering the pilot and demonstration plants that have been implemented and the results obtained in the considered plants. A part from that, a special attention has been paid to the biodrying technologies since members of TG4 are specialists on this field. Furthermore, particular cooperation has merged among the TG members, with some Post-Doc short and long stays mainly between University of Vic and University of Verona.

List of Publications •

Bertanza, G., Canato, M., Heimersson, S., Laera, G., Salvetti, R., Slavik, E., Svanström, M. Techno-economic and environmental assessment of sewage sludge wet oxidation, Environ Sci Pollut R, (2014) DOI: 10.1007/s11356-0143378-6.

In this task group the most advanced technologies and processes aiming focused on the resource recovery from sewage sludge will be listed and analysed to determine the most promising technologies. Among these technologies we can find some well-consolidated biological processes such us anaerobic digestion and composting while some thermal treatments such as Drying and Incineration can be also found and implemented at industrial level in Europe.

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Bertanza, G., Canato, M., Laera, G., Tomei, M.C. Methodology for technical and economic assessment of advanced routes for sludge processing and disposal, Environ Sci Pollut R, 22 (2015), 7190-7202.

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Bertanza, G., Collivignarelli, C., Canato, M. Benchmarking of innovative processing routes, in: G. Mininni (Ed.), Quaderni de La Ricerca Scientifica, Effective sewage sludge management, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma, 120, ISBN: 978-88-8080-113-9, 161-172.

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Bertanza, G., Galessi, R., Menoni, L., Pedrazzani, R., Salvetti, R., Zanaboni, S. Anaerobic treatability of liquid residue from wet oxidation of sewage sludge, Environ Sci Pollut R, (2014) DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3303-z.

However, the TG4 will pay special attention to the novel technologies such as Pyrolysis and Gasification and to the emerging technologies that are currently being developed being the most important the Supercritical Water Gasification and Biodrying.

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Bertanza, G., Galessi, R., Menoni, L., Salvetti, R., Slavik, E., Zanaboni, S. Wet oxidation of sewage sludge: full scale experience and process modelling, Environ Sci Pollut R, (2014) DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3144-9.

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Bertanza, G., Galessi, R., Menoni, L., Zanaboni, S. Wet oxidation of sewage sludge from municipal and industrial WWTPs, Desalination Water Treat, (2015) DOI: 10.1080/19443994.2015.1012564.

The benefits, advantages, weaknesses and disadvantages of the current, novel and emerging technologies will be studied so as result some recommendations could be done in order to develop an appropriate future strategy for the sustainable processing of the sewage sludge.

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Bertanza, G., Papa, M., Canato, M., Collivignarelli, M.C., Pedrazzani, R. How can sludge dewatering devices be assessed? Development of a new DSS and its application to real case studies, J Environ Manage, 137 (2014), 86-92.

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Bertanza, G., Zanaboni, S., Canato, M., Laera, G., Galessi, R. Sewage sludge minimisation by means of wet oxidation: process performance and economic sustainability, Int J Global Warming, 6 (2014), 234-251.

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Braguglia C.M., Coors A., Gallipoli, A., Gianico, A., Guillon E., Kunkel U., Mascolo, G. Richter E., Ternes T.A., Tomei M.C., Mininni G. Quality assessment of digested sludges produced by advanced stabilization processes, Environ Sci Pollut R, 22 (2014), 7216–7235.

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Cavinato C., Bolzonella, D., Pavan, P., Fatone, F., Cecchi, F. Mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic co-digestion of waste activated sludge and source sorted biowaste in pilot- and full-scale reactors, Renew Energ, 55 (2013), 260265.

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Facchin V., Cavinato C., Fatone F., Pavan P., Cecchi F., Bolzonella D., Effect of trace element supplementation on the mesophilic anaerobic digestion of foodwaste in batch trials: the influence of inoculum origin, Biochem Eng J, 70 (2013), 71-77.

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Levantesi, C., Beimfohr, C., Blanch, A.R., Carducci A., Gianico, A., Lucena, F., Tomei, M.C., Mininni, G. Hygienization performances of innovative sludge treatment solutions to assure safe land spreading, Environ Sci Pollut R, 22 (2015), 7237–7247.

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Slavik, E., Galessi, R., Salvetti, R., Bertanza, G. Experiences of sludge treatment by wet oxidation, in: G. Mininni (Ed.), Quaderni de La Ricerca Scientifica, Effective sewage sludge management, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma, 2013, 120, ISBN: 978-88-8080-113-9, pp. 111-130.

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Svanström, M., Bertanza, G., Bolzonella, D., Canato, M, Collivignarelli, C., Heimersson, S., Laera, G., Mininni, G., Greg Peters, G., Tomei, M.C. Method for technical, economic and environmental assessment of advanced sludge processing routes, Water Sci Technol, 69(12) (2014), 2407-2416.

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Svanström M., Bertanza G., Laera G., Heimersson S., Canato M., Tomei M. C. Technical, economic and environmental assessment of wastewater and sludge management solutions designed to overcome common issues, J Residuals Sci Tech, 11(1) (2014), 15-20.

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Tomei, M.C., Carozza, N.A. Sequential Anaerobic/Aerobic digestion for enhanced sludge stabilization: comparison of the process performance for mixed and waste activated sludge, Environ Sci Pollut R, 22 (2015), 7271–7279.

Projects •

Demonstration of innovative solutions for Reuse of water, Recovery of valuables and Resource efficiency in urban wastewater treatment (R3) "EU FP7.

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Biodrying of manure and sludge: pilot scale development and modelling (Department of Agriculture of Catalonia). University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia. Coordinator: Sergio Ponsa

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From slurry and sludge to bioenergy and bioplastics (Marie Curie COFUND, Catalan Government). University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia in cooperation with the University of Verona. Coordinators: Sergio Ponsa and Francesco Fatone

Conferences •

Arnold, M., Wikberg, H. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) as a sludge valorisation technology. Abstracts of NORDIWA 2015 , Bergen (Norway), 46 November 2015.

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Bertanza, G. Potenzialità teoriche di recupero di energia, Proceedings of Ecomondo, Maggioli (Ed.) Rimini, (Italy), 5-8 November, 2014, 291-296.

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Tomei, M.C. Modeling of anaerobic digestion of sludge. WBTR (Wastewater and Biosolids Treatment and Reuse): Bridging Modeling and Experimental Studies, (Invited speaker), Otranto (Italy), June 8-14 2014.

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Tomei, M.C., Carozza, N., Mosca Angelucci, D. Anaerobic-Aerobic Digestion: Analysis of Process Performance for Secondary and Mixed Sludge, 2nd IWA Specialised Conference on Ecotechnologies for Wastewater Treatment, Verona (Italy), June 23-25, 2014.

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Tomei, M.C., Mosca Angelucci, D. Sequential Anaerobic-Aerobic Digestion of Secondary Sludge: Aerobic Temperature Effect on the Process Performance, WEF/IWA Residuals and Biosolids Conference 2015 The Next Generation of Science, Technology, and Management, Washington DC, (USA), June 7-10, 2015.

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Wikberg, H., Geerts, S., Arnold, M. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) as a recovery technology for urban wastewater treatment. Carbon 2015, Dresden, July 12-17 2015.

TG5 HIGHLIGHTS Leader

TG5 — Anaerobic treatment of

Isam Sabbah

wastewater

ORT Braude College (Israel) isabbah@braude.ac.il

Activity summary

Presentation and Objectives

The main activities focused on the search of the new innovative technologies of anaerobic process for domestic wastewater at pilot and demo-scale levels. In addition, a review of the main challenges and problems that prevent the full-scale application of anaerobic treatment of low-strength domestic wastewater.

Wastewater treatment plants are typically the largest energy consumers of municipalities.

There are many methods and processes to treat wastewater, where the secondary aerobic treatment is the largest energy consumer (30 to 60% of total plant usage). The current demand for switching from carbon removal to both carbon removal and nitrification/de-nitrification lead to an increase of the total plant energy consumption by 40 to 50 percent (Metcalf and Eddy, 2003).

In recent years, there has been growing interests in anaerobic biological treatment for lowstrength wastewaters because of its low energy consumption, minimized sludge production and energy recovery through biogas production. Although research suggests that anaerobic treatment of low-strength domestic wastewater is possible in temperate climates, to date, fullscale applications have only been pioneered in hot regions (i.e.

Latin America, India).

The overall objective of TG5 is to explore the different constrains and problem that limit the diffusion of anaerobic treatment for domestic wastewater and the application of full-scale based on the innovative anaerobic technologies that can increase the process stability. In addition, efforts will be given to explore the challenges for this application including technical and operational aspects as well as the potential for more benefical products (i.e., organic acids, biopolymers).

List of Publications •

Massalha, N., Brenner, A., Sheindorf, C., Sabbah, I. The effect of anaerobic biomass drying and exposure to air on their recovery and evolution. Water Res 63 (2014), 42-51.

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Solon, K., Flores-Alsina, X., Mbamba, C.K., Volcke, E.I.P., Tait, S., Batstone, D., Gernaey, K.V., Jeppsson, U. Effects of ionic strength and ion-pairing on (plant-wide) modelling of anaerobic digestion, Water Res, 70 (2015), 235-245.

Conferences •

Sabbah, I. Optimization methodology for enhancement the biogas production of anaerobic digestion of agro-wastes, 2nd IWA Specialised Conference on Ecotechnologies for Wastewater Treatment, Verona (Italy), June 23-25, 2014.

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Sabbah, I. Anaerobic treatment of urban wastewater: state of the art and perspectives, Water 2020: Conceiving Wastewater Treatment of Tomorrow. Le Pecq (France) 2015.

STSM – cooperation activities •

Research stay of Kimberly Solon (Lund University, Sweden; promoter: prof.

Ulf Jeppsson) at Ghent University, Belgium (local supervisor: prof. Eveline Volcke) on ‘Modelling sulfur-related conversions during anaerobic digestion’, 1 September – 28 November 2014.

TG6 HIGHLIGHTS Leader Claudio Di Iaconi Water Research Institute, CNR, Bari (Italy) claudio.diiaconi@ba.irsa.cnr.it

Presentation and Objectives The aerobic sludge granulation is attracting more and more interest from researchers worldwide. in fact after the first paper published in 1997, the number of papers per year has continuously increased during the last decade reaching 120 in 2014 (source: scopus). the number of papers published from the beginning of the current year also indicates that probably during this year it will be exceeded this figure.

Although the high interest and the significant advantages of the aerobic granular bioreactors over the conventional technologies (consisting in a both low energy and area requirement) only a few full scale applications have been reported so far after almost two decades from its first development.

The overall objective of this task is to create a group of experts in the field of aerobic granular bioreactors for exchanging experience in order to shed light on the reasons that have prevented or slowed the full scale application of this innovative treatment technique

TG6 — Aerobic granular reactors Activity summary The main activities have been addressed to analyze the granular sludge bioreactors from fundamentals to application covering microbiological, chemical and engineering aspects in order to evaluate the mature level of this technique and at the same time to identify the unsolved issues that have prevented the widespread application at full scale wastewater treatment plants. Furthermore, particular attention has been paid for sharing experiences and skills of the members of the task group.

List of Publications •

Amorim, C.L., Moreira, I.S., Maia, A.S., Tiritan, M.E., Castro, P.M.L. Biodegradation of ofloxacin, norfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin as single and mixed substrates by Labrys portucalensis F11, Appl Microbiol Biot, 98 (2014), 31813190.

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Barca, E., Del Moro, G., Mascolo, G., Di Iaconi, C. Gross parameters prediction of a granular attached biomass reactor through evolutionary polynomial regression, Biochem Eng J, 94 (2015), 74-84.

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Calheiros, C.S.C., Amorim, C.L., Castro, P.M.L. Tratamento biológico de água residual – Soluções para diferentes tipologias. Revista Ingenium. ISSN 08705968. II serie, Novembro/Dezembro. n. 1 44. p.87.

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De Sanctis, M., Beccari, M., Di Iaconi, C., Majone, M., Rossetti, S., Tandoi, V. Study of performances, stability and microbial characterization of a Sequencing Batch Biofilter Granular Reactor working at low recirculation flow, Biores Technol, 129 (2013), 624-628.

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Di Iaconi, C., De Sanctis, M., Lopez, A. A single-stage biological process for municipal sewage treatment in tourist areas, J Environ Manage, 144 (2014), 3441.

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Duque, A.F., Bessa, V.S., Castro, P.M.L. Characterization of the bacterial communities of aerobic granules in a 2-fluorophenol degrading process, Biotechnology Reports 5 (2014), 98-104.

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Figueroa, M., Val del Río, A., Campos, J.L., Méndez, R., Mosquera-Corral, A. Filamentous bacteria existence in aerobic granular reactors, Bioproc Biosyst Eng, 38 (2015), 841-851.

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Isanta, E., Reino, C., Carrera, J., Pérez, J. Stable partial nitritation for lowstrength wastewater at low temperature in an aerobic granular reactor, Water Res ,80 (2015), 149-158.

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Isanta, E., Figueroa, M., Mosquera-Corral, A., Campos, L., Carrera, J., Perez, J. A novel control strategy for enhancing biological N-removal in a granular sequencing batch reactor: A model-based study, Chem Eng J, 232 (2013), 468477.

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Jemaat, Z., Bartrolí, A., Isanta, E., Carrera, J., Suárez-Ojeda, M.E., Perez, J. Closed-loop control of ammonium concentration in nitritation: convenient for reactor operation but also for modelling, Bioresource Technology 128 (2013), 655-663.

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Jemaat, Z., Suárez-Ojeda, M.E., Perez, J., Carrera, J. Simultaneous nitritation and p-nitrophenol removal using aerobic granular biomass in a continuous airlift reactor, Bioresource Technol, 150 (2013), 307-313.

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Jemaat, Z., Suárez-Ojeda, M.E., Perez, J., Carrera, J. Partial nitritation and ocresol removal with aerobic granular biomass in a continuous airlift reactor, Water Res 48 (2014), 354-362.

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Jemaat, Z., Suárez-Ojeda, M.E., Perez, J., Carrera, J. Sequentially alternating pollutant scenarios of phenolic compounds in a continuous aerobic granular sludge reactor performing simultaneous partial nitritation and o-cresol biodegradation, Bioresouce Technol 161 (2015), 354-361.

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Jemaat, Z., Tora, J.A., Bartroli, A., Carrera, J., Perez, J. Achievement of high rate nitritation with aerobic granular sludge reactors enhanced by sludge recirculation events, Frontiers of Environmental Science and Engineering 9 2015) 528-533.

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Lotito, A.M., De Sanctis, M., Di Iaconi, C., Bergna, G. Textile wastewater treatment: Aerobic granular sludge vs activated sludge systems, Water Res, 54 (2014), 337-346.

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Marques, A.P.G.C., Duque, A.F., Bessa, V., Mesquita, R., Rangel, A.O.S.S., Castro, P.M.L. Performance of an aerobic granular sequencing batch reactor fed with wastewaters contaminated with Zn2+, J Environ Manage, 128 (2013), 877-882.

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Morales, N., Figueroa, M., Fra-Vazquez, A., Val del Río, A. Mosquera-Corral, A., Campos, J.L., Méndez, R. Operation of an aerobic granular pilot scale SBR plant to treat swine slurry, Process Biochem 48 (2013), 1216-1221.

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Moreira, I.S., Amorim, C.L., Ribeiro, A.R., Mesquita, R.B.R., Rangel, A.O.S.S., van Loosdrecht, M.C.M., Tiritan, M.E., Castro, P.M.L. Removal of fluoxetine and its effects in the performance of an aerobic granular sludge sequential batch reactor, J Hazard Mater, 287 (2015), 93-101.

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Palmeiro-Sánchez, T., Val del Río, A. Mosquera-Corral, A., Campos, J.L., Méndez, R. Comparison of the anaerobic digestion of activated and aerobic granular sludges under brackish conditions, Chem Eng J, 231 (2013), 449-454.

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Pijuan, M., Torà, J.A., Rodríguez-Caballero, A., César, E., Carrera, J., Pérez, J. Effect of process parameters and operational mode on nitrous oxide emissions from a nitritation reactor treating reject wastewater, Water Res 49 (2014), 2333.

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Torà, J.A., Moliné, E., Carrera, J. Perez, J. Efficient and automated start-up of a pilot reactor for nitritation of reject water: From batch granulation to high rate continuous operation, Chem Eng J 226 (2013), 319-325.

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Val del Río, A., Morales, N., Figueroa, M., Mosquera-Corral, A., Campos J.L., Méndez, R. Effects of the cycle distribution on the performance of SBRs with aerobic granular biomass, Environ Technol, 34 (2013), 1463-1472.

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Val Del Río, A., Palmeiro-Sanchez, T., Figueroa, M., Mosquera-Corral, A., Campos, J.L., Méndez, R. Anaerobic digestion of aerobic granular biomass: effects of thermal pre-treatment and addition of primary sludge, J Chem Technol Biotech 89 (2014), 690-697.

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Winkler, M.K.H., Ettwig, K.F., Vannecke, T.P.W., Stultiens, K., Bogdan, A., Kartal, B., Volcke, E.I.P. Modelling simultaneous anaerobic methane and ammonium removal in a granular sludge reactor, Water Res, 73 (2015), 323331.

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Winkler, M.K.H., Kleerebezem, R., De Bruin, L.M.M., Verheijen, P.J.T., Abbas, B., Habermacher, J., Van Loosdrecht, M.C.M. Microbial diversity differences within aerobic granular sludge and activated sludge flocs, Appl Microbiol Biot 97 (2013), 7447-7458.

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Winkler, M.K.H., Kleerebezem, R., Strous, M., Chandran, K., Van Loosdrecht, M.C.M. Factors influencing the density of aerobic granular sludge, Appl Microbiol Biot 97 (2013), 7459-7468.

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Volcke, E.I.P., Picioreanu, C., De Baets, B. van Loosdrecht, M.C.M. The granule size distribution in an anammox-based granular sludge reactor affects the conversion - implications for modeling. Biotechnol Bioeng, 109(7) (2012), 1629-1636.

Projects •

PTDC/EBB-BBI/111699/2009: FLUROPHARMA - Biodegradation and removal of chiral and achiral fluorinated pharmaceuticals from wastewaters.

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Sustainable systems development based on granular biomass for the treatment of wastewater produced in seafood industries. Funded by Spanish Government CTM2014-55397-JIN. Length: June 2015-June 2018. Principal investigator: Ángeles Val del Río. Funding: 169.000 €.

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Development of an energetically self-sufficient urban wastewater treatment plant through autotrophic nitrogen removal in the mainstream and phosphorus recovery (DESDEMONA). Funded by Spanish Government CTQ2014-60495-R. Length: January 2015 - December 2017. Principal investigator: Julián Carrera and Juan Baeza: Funding: 200.860 €.

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Treatment of complex industrial wastewaters through fully biological processes with aerobic granular reactors (ONLYBIO). Funded by Spanish Government CTQ2011-24745/PPQ. Length: January 2012 - December 2014.

Principal investigator: Julián Carrera. Funding: 123.420 €.

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Wastewater reuse by an innovative reactor with low environmental impact within Water4crops project (“Integrating bio-treated wastewater with enhanced use efficiency to support the Green Economy in EU and India”, Grant agreement n. 311933) funded by the European Commission in the framework of the Seventh Framework Programme. Length: August 2012July 2016. Principal Investigator: Claudio Di Iaconi. Funding: 186.179 €.

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Municipal wastewater treatment by Sequencing Batch Biofilter Granular Reactor at pilot scale. Funded by CISA SpA. Length: March 2013- May 2014. Principal Investigator: Claudio Di Iaconi. Funding: 90.000 €.

Conferences •

Calheiros, C.S.C., Amorim, C.L., Castro, P.M.L. Tratamento biológico de água residual – soluções para diferentes tipologias. XX Congresso Nacional da Ordem dos Engenheiros. Porto (Portugal), 17-18 October 2014.

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Moreira, I.S., Amorim, C.L., Ribeiro, A.R., Maia, A.S., Mesquita, R.B., Calheiros, C.S.C., Rangel, A.O.S.S., van Loosdrecht, M.C.M., Tiritan, M.E. Castro, P.M.L. Aerobic granular sludge sequencing batch reactor performance under fluorinated pharmaceuticals shock loadings. IWA World Water Congress & Exhibition. Lisbon (Portugal), 21-26 September 2014.

Next WGS meeting

CATANIA, SICILY ITALY 19-21 OCTOBER 2015

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