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Peter Chamberlen 1560 1631 1600
William Smellie 98
1679 1763
McLeod @Wikimedia Commons
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@ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 4.0)
Soranus of Ephesus 138 Soranus of Ephesus@ Wikimedia Commons
@ Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0)
Oliver Wendell Holmes 1809 1894 1843
Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis 1818 1865 1847
20
2
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@Wikimedia Commons
@Wikimedia Commons
CHAPTER
Joseph Lister 1912
1827
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
0 0 1951 1956 1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
250
200 211 196 177
150 149
100 112 105 89 85 79
50 CHAPTER
75 68 60 66 64 58 62 58 57 57 55 55 54 53 43 45 48 41 39 36 34 33 33 32 31 31 27 32 38 32 34 35
0