CCT121022

FALL 2012

Helping Commercial Cattlemen Achieve Value

www.cdnangus.ca www.agcanada.com

GETTING THE BEST FROM BYPRODUCTS A SUPER-SIZED BALE FEEDER A NEW BREED OF PELLETS FEED TESTING WITH NIR CALVING TIPS AND TALES PG. 12

NEW TASKS FOR RFID TAGS PG. 8 Marvin Tschetter, Thompson Colony

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Fall 2012

Volume 75, No. 11

Established 1938 ISSN 1196-8923 Cattlemen Editorial: Editor: Gren Winslow 1666 Dublin Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3H 0H1 (204) 944-5753 Fax (204) 944-5416 Email: gren@fbcpublishing.com Field Editor: Debbie Furber Box 1168 Tisdale, SK S0E 1T0 (306) 873-4360 Fax (306) 873-4360 Email: debbie.furber@fbcpublishing.com Advertising Sales: Deborah Wilson Box 19, Site 3, RR 1, High River, AB T1V 1N1 (403) 325-1695 Fax (204) 944-5562 Email: deb.wilson@fbcpublishing.com Head Office: 1666 Dublin Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3H 0H1 (204) 944-5765 Fax (204) 944-5562 Advertising Services Co-ordinator: Arlene Bomback (204) 944-5765 Fax (204) 944-5562 Email: ads@fbcpublishing.com Publisher: Bob Willcox Email: bob.willcox@fbcpublishing.com

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FEATURES

New Get

tasks for rfid tags

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the best from byproducts. ..........

super-sized bale feeder reduces waste...................................

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for a better way to dispose of anthrax. ....................

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than tonnage to consider.......

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the bond..............................

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Breaking Corn

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Feeding

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Canadian cattlemen / fall 2012 3

c o m m e n t

by Gren Winslow

The E. coli bill

W

ing, steam pasteurization and antimicrobial sprays to remove bacteria before a carcass gets to the cooler. Then there is rigorous testing required from then on to ensure all these procedures are working.

As I write this in early To this now, in the case of XL Foods, October the recall notices were still an almost must be added the cost of the recall. Grier daily occurrence, but the Canadian Food says CFIA does not estimate the cost of Inspection Agency (CFIA) had accepted XL recalls, and most packing plants and distribFoods revised safety protocols and the plant utors don’t budget for these events. Added to was expected to open within a day or two. that is the lost production at the plant and It’s not over. But the end is at least in sight the hopefully temporary loss of domestic and with the reopening of the plant. It’s hard to international sales. At a guess Grier says the estimate the full impact this will have on the direct cost to the packer based on past recalls company and the industry when all is said could be as much as $2 million. and done.

That would seem small in this case given The bad news headlines will continue that the XL Foods recall of beef products for some time. Whenever an E. coli case is from five days of production at the Brooks reported beef will get a black eye and politiplant is the largest one on record in Canada. cians, union leaders and lawyers looking for Steve Kay of Cattle Buyer’s Weekly reminds a fast buck will keep the story alive as long us that Nilsson Brothers Group agreed to pay as they can. But eventually it will become $150.5 million for the plant in 2008 and $50 yesterday’s news. million of that was to be paid with interest Reporters were throwing around words like over a five-year period. So Tyson Foods still crisis but it is silly to compare this story to the has a financial interest in the plant.

BSE crisis. No one in the beef business takes All the carcasses caught in the plant must E. coli 0157:H7 lightly. It is an enterohaembe tested and cleared before they can be sold, orrhagic shiga toxin-producing strain of E. most likely at a discount. The company also coli 0157 and a danger to young and old and has to dispose of the beef returned by custhose with compromised immune systems. But tomers. Kay reports one major Canadian chain is believed to have returned all seven million pounds of beef it had bought from XL Foods. what you like about the magazine, and what you One key question for cattle — and have a go at winning one of our caps don’t like. There’s also some space for you to tell us producers is how this recall will We have a goal to be the best beef cattle magazine in what you would like to see in future issues. affect the viability of XL Foods. the business. But we need your help. If you could ClIp And enClose your mAIlIng lABel. This isn’t some branch of a worldjust fill in this survey and return it to me, you would each month, we will draw one name from all the be helping us set the future editorial direction for surveys sent in and send that person a Cattlemen cap. spanning conglomerate that can Canadian Cattlemen. All you have to do is tell me It could be you! draw on other profitable divisions until things get better. This plant We’d appreciate it if you could tell us a 5 4 3 2 1 What do you think of: On a scale of 1 to 5, how do Regular Columns is a major part of a family busiyou and your family like these features? little about yourself. It makes it easier for News Roundup ness that is now under considerPurely Purebred us to keep your main interests in focus able pressure.

5 – I always watch for it; let’s see more of it The Markets The loss of the second-largest 4 – I regularly read it and like it  I’m ranching or farming plant in Canada would be a night3 – I usually read it Market Talk Enterprise # of head mare not only for Nilsson Broth2 – There are things I’d rather read Sales and Events Total beef cattle ers but also for an industry that 1 – I don’t want it; get rid of it Yearlings on feed/pasture has already suffered through more Regular Columns 5 4 3 2 1 Nutrition Registered cows than its share of crisis situations.

Comment Research Despite all the headlines the one Fed cattle (sold yearly) Special features 5 4 3 2 1 Newsmakers story that has been lost in the furor Commercial cows Letters Calving Issue (Jan.) is that the system basically worked.

Horses CCA Reports Custom Feedlot Guide (Sep.) The recall is the fail-safe step that Calves on feed/pasture Prime Cuts Stock Buyers’ Guide (Aug.) is supposed to protect the public Other livestock when a plant’s systems fail to catch Straight From The Hip Animal Health Special (Sep.)  I no longer take an active part in farming a dangerous organism.

Holistic Ranching Beef Watch (May & Nov.) Millions of pounds of prodIf not an owner/operator of a farm, are you: What would you like to see? __________________________________________________________ uct were recalled and as of our _______________________________________________________________________________  In agribusiness (bank, elevator, ag supplies, etc.) press deadline only four cases in _______________________________________________________________________________  Other (please specify) ____________________ Edmonton show any real evidence How much time do you and your family spend reading 1666 Dublin Avenue My approximate age is: of being linked to that animal.

Canadian Cattlemen?  Under 2 hours  Over 2 hours Winnipeg, Man. R3H 0H1  a) Under 35  b) 36 to 44  c) 45 to 54 And they ate a processed steak, not hamburger.  d) 55 to 64  e) 65 or over

Hope the cost of XL Foods’ record recall doesn’t drown the plant

hen you open this issue the E. coli firestorm at the XL Foods Lakeside plant in Brooks, Alta., should be over.

it is also a bacteria, and unlike the pernicious prion that reportedly causes BSE this organism is easily killed with proper cooking.

Just the same, federal meat inspection regulations demand 5 D “full lethality” of this organism in meat products. This means a beef plant’s manufacturing process must be scientifically validated to achieve a 99.999 per cent reduction in 0157:H7.

At some point on August 23 the bacteria walked into the plant on a super shedding animal and slipped past all the safeguards at the plant. XL Foods has since agreed to enhance its safety protocols with remote video auditing to improve the oversight by safety personnel, extension of its high-pressure hot water wash and enhanced monitoring of this system, additional quality control staff and a redesign of its in-house training programs by outside experts.

The regular testing procedures will also be reinforced under the supervision of CFIA inspectors.

George Morris Centre market analyst Kevin Grier says the packing industry already spends more on E. coli prevention than any other single factor, citing work by his colleague, research associate Claudia Schmidt, that estimates the industry spends $14.1 million a year on trimming, vacuum-

Answer our survey

4 Canadian cattlemen / fall 2012

www.canadiancattlemen.ca

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NEWSMAKERS Alberta’s Chuck directors-at-large. Arthur Batista, RobMacLean was elected ert Bielak, Mike Kennedy and Brian as the second chairman Read sit on the Canadian Meat Council of Canada Beef Inc. committee while Scott Ellerton will repboard of directors at its resent the food service and retail sector, annual meeting in Caland Dwight Greer will represent importgary last month. He is ers and exporters. Canada Beef is the a cattle buyer and past checkoff-funded promotion arm of the Chuck MacLean chairman of the Alberta Canadian beef industry.

Beef Producers. Paul Sharpe of the Ontario On Sept. 18 the Government of CanCattlemen’s Associaada appointed Dr. Martine Dubuc as its tion is vice-chair. The new chief food safety officer and Dr. Ian regional directors are Alexander as the new Chief Veterinary Grant Huffman (B.C.), Officer for Canada. Dr. Brian Evans Jack Hextall (Saskatchwho previously filled both roles was ewan), Trevor Atchinappointed as special adviser to the presiPaul Sharpe son (Manitoba), Gib dent of the Canadian Food Inspection Drury (Quebec), and Jennifer MacDonAgency. The transfer of power seemed ald (Atlantic region) with John Macto come a little late for Evans who was Donald and Terry Prescott serving as Cttlmen Jan 12 ad_Layout 1 12/18/11 12:35 PM quickly Page 1 pushed back into the limelight

by the widespread recall of beef from XL Beef and ultimately the shutdown of the Brooks plant on Sept. 27.

Dr. Dubuc will continue to work as the CFIA’s vice-president of science in addition to her new role as chief safety officer. She joined the CFIA in 2008 after a successful career as a senior official in the Quebec government responsible for animal health and food safety. Dr. Alexander joined the CFIA in 2010 from Health Canada, where he served as the director of the clinical evaluation division and acting director general of the Veterinary Drugs Directorate. He will continue his current duties as executive director of the Animal Health Directorate at CFIA while serving as chief veterinary officer.

Prime Minister Stephen Harper has named Nicola Valley rancher Judy

Guichon as the new lieutenant-governor of British Columbia.

Born in Montreal and raised on a farm near Hawkesbury, Ont., she now owns and manages along with her four Judy Guichon children, the Gerard Guichon Ranch, a 700-cow-calf and 700head yearling operation. She served two terms as president of the B.C. Cattlemen’s Association and was serving on the board as past president until she received this latest honour. She and her family won the B.C. Environmental Stewardship Award twice, a measure of her devotion to sustainable management of livestock operations. She and her husband Lawrence helped introduce the Holistic Management philosophy to the B.C. ranching community. She has been a director of the Fraser Basin Council of B.C., the Grasslands Conservation Council, a member of the Nicola Water Use Management Planning Committee and an active participant in the Ranching Task Force for B.C. and the British Columbia Agri-Food Trade Advisory Council.

Dr. Neil Anderson has been awarded the 2012 Metacam 20 Bovine Welfare Award presented annually by the Canadian Association of Bovine Veterinarians (CABV)/ Dr. Neil Anderson Association Canadienne des Vétérinaires Bovins to a veterinarian, faculty member or a graduate student of a Canadian university to recognize their achievements in advancing the welfare of animals. Dr. Anderson is the lead veterinarian in bovine health and welfare at the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA). Boehringer Ingelheim (Canada) Ltd. sponsors the award.

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Janice Bruynooghe stepped down as executive director of the Saskatchewan Forage Council on Sept. 30 to devote more time to project work for her busy Spring Creek Land and Cattle Consulting business and her ranch near Outlook, Sask.

Natasha Wilkie is the new manager of the Saskatchewan Prairie Conservation Action Plan. She comes to SK PCAP from the agri-environment services branch of Agriculture and AgriFood Canada where she helped develop a species-at-risk decision-making tool for federal land managers working on native prairie pastures. Prior to that she worked for the First Nations Agriculture Council of Saskatchewan.

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feeding management

New tasks for RFID tags

Two new products, an autosorting handling system and information friendly management software for markets rely on RFID tags to add value to cattle

By Debbie Furber

A

handling system triggered by animals’ radio frequency identification (RFID) tags to automatically scan, weigh and sort cattle, and an auction market software program that ties RFID numbers to value-added information producers provide for their animals are two new products being introduced in Canada by ITS (Integrated Traceability Solutions) Global, headquartered in Okotoks, Alta.

The handling system, which has been tested in the Canadian climate for the past year at Thompson Colony’s 5,000-head custom feedlot near Pincher Creek, Alta., is now commercially available in Canada.

The auction software program with the value-added component — auctionIT — has been under development and testing since last September in VJV Foothills Livestock Auction at Stavely, Alta., and Stettler Auction Market at Stettler, Alta. It is set to be launched sometime this fall.

“As an integration company, ITS works with manufacturers of cattle handling and traceability equipment to integrate hardware with ITS management software for producers, feedlots and auctions,” explains general manager of operations Yancy Crosier of Champion, Alta.

The solutions that ITS offers to the livestock industry ensure traceability requirements are met and go beyond that to give producers more value for their investment in RFID tagging by eliminating repetitive and manual tasks, automatically capturing realtime data for analysis, and providing decision-making tools for clients in countries with and without mandatory traceability.

“The advantage ITS brings to the marketplace is that it is a full-service company,” Crosier says. “We sell the equipment, from cattle handling systems, to scales, to RFID readers and software, and retain a team of developers, technical staff and service support people so that clients have one number to call for assistance 24/7.”

Integrated auto-sort system The integrated auto-sort system at

8 Canadian cattlemen / fall 2012

Thompson Colony is the first of its kind to undergo the rigours of the Canadian climate.

It was manufactured by Thompson Longhorn, an Australian company that partnered with ITS to develop the integrated software that reads RFID tags to automatically control pneumatic sorting gates.

The computer is easily reprogrammed to sort cattle into as many as six different weight classes established by the producer. When an animal enters the scanning/weigh box, its RFID number and weight are captured.

The program then signals the gate to open to the sorting alley leading to the holding pen designated for animals of that weight class. The RFID number, weight and grouping are transmitted wirelessly to the office computer.

A rugged remote control held by the operator standing anywhere in the facility can be used to override the automatic setting and open another gate to sort animals without tags.

The override feature is also useful for rerouting off-type animals into another pen for examination. Alternatively, any animal that requires immediate treatment could be held in the squeeze located between the weigh box and alleys leading to the holding pens.

On a weigh day, the headgate and rear catch on the squeeze are left wide open. When animals are being processed for routine procedures, the hydraulic headgate can be operated by the person overseeing the scanning/ weigh box and sorting process.

ITS and Thompson Longhorn are currently testing the operation of a fully automatic pneumatic squeeze chute in the Canadian climate and intend to introduce it to the North American market in the very near future.

Thompson Colony’s feedlot manager, Marvin Tschetter says the Thompson Longhorn equipment and auto-sort system have passed the test with flying colours. There were glitches that ITS helped them work through along the way, but he is happy with the final sorts they are achieving in record time with only two or three people safely working the cattle.

The handling system is capable of sorting an animal every four seconds, or 300 head an hour given a steady supply of cattle. It took the Thomp-

Feedlot manager Mar vin Tschetter (r) discusses the system with Yancy Crosier.

son Colony crew less than an hour and a half to load out nine tri-axle trucks using the system, which has a gate to the load-out alley located between the crowding tub and the scanning/weigh box.

Tschetter appreciates the durability and design of the system with soft curves so that cattle naturally flow through the alleyways… if people stay out of the way, that is. A catwalk curving along the full length of the alley from entry to squeeze gives handlers full view of the layout from any vantage point and actually makes it possible for one person to handle smaller groups of cattle.

The cattle enter from the outside alley connected to the wide indoor alley that runs a short distance to the crowding tub. The crowding tub features a remote-controlled pneumatic gate that closes behind the cattle to complete the circumference of the tub.

From there, two tub panels rotating around a central pivot inside the tub work in tandem to guide the cattle ahead and into the curved alley that leads to the scanning/weigh box. As one gate completes its rotation, the other starts its sweep around the tub to push the next group of cattle ahead in turnstile fashion.

At Thompson Colony, it’s often the

rider bringing the cattle into the barn who controls movement through the crowding tub from horseback using a second dedicated handheld remote control. The overhead gears that drive the rotary panels are air-powered as well and can be stopped or started as required, or left to operate continuously on their own. They can easily be moved by hand for cleanout when the compressor isn’t running.

The design completely eliminates the need for people to manually push the crowding gate forward or get into the crowding tub with the animals for any reason, thereby eliminating a significant danger point in a handling system.

With up to 12 remote-controlled sorting gates throughout the handling system, the Thompson Longhorn design not only improves safety all around, but reduces stress on the livestock and handlers while lowering labour costs.

Traceability needs also factored into the colony’s decision to purchase this leading-edge handling system and the colony was able to tap into Ag Canada’s Livestock Auction Traceability Initiative program for some funding to help with the upgrade.

Continued on page 12 www.canadiancattlemen.ca

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Continued from page 8

Crosier says Tschetter and crew have been great to work with. Not only have they willingly adopted the new computer technology, but they have shown a lot of patience as the system was tweaked to perfection.

Solving the problems didn’t always require a trip to the site because ITS has the ability to watch and monitor the system and offer remote assistance from the Okotoks office.

A pneumatic handling system installed two years ago at ITS’s demonstration site at Champion gave the companies time to “Canadianize” the system. Some adjustments had to be made to accommodate the size of Canadian cattle, which are typically wider than Australian cattle. They also wanted to address condensation issues in the control panel related to the use of air-powered equipment during cold weather and remedy areas susceptible to a buildup of frozen manure so that the auto-sort system will function smoothly in cold weather.

“When we first introduced the system to people, many questioned the viability of air-controlled gates in a feedlot situation, but we know that it is quieter, faster and safer for cattle and workers than hydraulic controls,” says Crosier.

Air running gates isn’t new technology, but it has never been integrated with other systems, so some people

came just to see for themselves how a RFID tag could open a gate. They left knowing that it’s not only possible, but practical. auctionIT One of the greatest hurdles for cowcalf producers and backgrounders in this new age of marketing has been finding a way to get a premium from buyers for value-adding management and production practices.

With auctionIt management soft-

TIPS & TALES

We need your...

Revolving air-controlled gates in the crowding tub control the flow of cattle through this automated handing system.

CALVING

Friends and neighbours, we are once again looking for your best calving tips and tales for CATTLEMEN’S expanded January 2013 Calving Special. We’re looking for good ideas, practical advice, or humorous tales and photos to share with fellow readers. A reward will be sent for Tips & Tales printed in this special.

12 Canadian cattlemen / fall 2012

ware, that little yellow RFID tag becomes the information link between the animals and the market, according to Crosier.

Upon delivery to an auction market that has the auctionIT program, producers can rest assured that buyers will be informed about how their cattle were raised.

Consignors are initially invited to complete an information sheet outlining their management and production practices. A farm name, age verifica-

Enter before November 30, 2012

YOUR REWARD,

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CANADIAN CATTLEMEN

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tion, vaccination protocol, weaning procedure, rations, breeding, hauling distance are some of the details that consignors can decide to share.

The information and the animals’ RFID tag numbers are tied to the consignor’s name as the cattle are being scanned and entered into the sale lineup before the sale starts.

A real-time display of the information, along with the number and type of cattle, appears on a flat-screen monitor in the sales ring as the animals enter.

Plans are in the works to enhance the program with two additional monitors in the ring. One will show the weight and pen number of the cattle entering the ring to replace the scale display commonly in use today. The other will show the selling price and buyer number as they exit the ring.

AuctionIt is a complete livestock marketing software program that runs on a user-friendly Windows operating system for the convenience of sharing files electronically via email or file transfer. Market management software programs currently available in Canada were designed for internal use and tend not to have this file-sharing capability, says Crosier.

Add-ons including an automated penning module, scanning module, video sale recall, real-time age verification, security cameras in the loading and unloading docks, and integrated accounting systems are currently under development.

This project was partially funding by the Alberta Meat and Livestock Agency, which partnered with ITS and select auctions to improve the information flow between buyers and sellers at auction markets.

For more information, contact ITS Global at 1-403-938-3020, or visit www.itslivestock.com.

C www.canadiancattlemen.ca

Introducing ZUPREVO

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* Huang R.A., et al. (2009) J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. 33, 227-237. Menge M., et al. (2011) J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap. Nowakowski M.A., et al. Veterinary Therapeutics, vol. 5, no. 1, Spring 2004.

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Merck Animal Health, operating in Canada as Intervet Canada Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA. MERCK is a trademark of Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA. Copyright Š 2012 Intervet International B.V., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA. All rights reserved.

feeding ingredients

GET THE BEST FROM BYPRODUCTS

By Debbie Furber

G

rain processing byproducts suitable for cattle rations are widely available. In Saskatchewan alone, roughly 600,000 tonnes of screenings are cleaned from cereals, oilseeds and pulses annually.

Millfeed from wheat milling, hulls from oat and pea processing, dried malt sprouts from the brewing industry, meal from canola crushing and dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) from ethanol production are among the byproducts that have been studied in turn to evaluate their nutritional characteristics.

The challenge when it comes to making full use of these byproducts in cattle rations is that each has limitations, says Marcos Zenobi, a University of Saskatchewan masters of science candidate from Argentina.

Past research has shown that offgrade oilseeds and canola screenings are excellent sources of protein and fat, but high fat content limits their use in beef cattle rations. DDGS are also excellent sources of energy and protein, but the protein can be in excess of what the animals require if fed at levels greater than 15 per cent of diet dry matter. Pea and oat hulls are high in fibre, but the fibre differs in its availability to rumen microbes. Pea screenings are high in soluble starch and protein, but an imbalance of these nutrients can affect rumen microbes resulting in inefficient fermentation. Use of raw screenings has been limited, largely because of the wide variability in nutritional content.

Zenobi and fellow masters candidate, Federico Anez from Venezuela, have been looking at whether these byproduct feeds could be strategically combined in pellet form to exploit each product’s unique characteristics.

Based on the rumen-available energy and rumen-available protein of each byproduct feed, they formulated blends that would meet the requirements of calves in backgrounding programs at feedlots and on pasture. The custom blends were pelleted by West Central Pelleting at Wilki, Sask.

Backgrounding feedlot trial Zenobi found that strategically blended byproduct feeds in pelleted form can be substituted for all of the barley in a feedlot backgrounding diet without affecting animal performance.

14 Canadian cattlemen / fall 2012

Marcos Zenobi

Federico Anez

Pawel Gorka

At 2011 prices, the economics were favourable as well, with high-fat pellets saving about $23 to $31 per head across the 70-day feeding period.

His first trial involved 300 crossbred steers starting at 705 pounds and fed to gain about 200 pounds.

The control diet was a barley-based ration. On a dry-matter (DM) basis, it included 37.3 per cent barley grain, 30.9 per cent barley silage (32 per cent moisture), 7.8 per cent oat hulls, 7.8 per cent canola meal, 8.2 per cent alfalfa-grass hay, and 8.0 per cent supplement (minerals, vitamins and ionophore) to provide 70 per cent total digestible nutrients (TDN or energy) and 12.6 per cent crude protein (CP).

The four treatment diets, on a DM basis, included 39.9 per cent barley silage, 8.6 per cent oat hulls and 51.5 per cent of one of the four pelleted blends to provide the same level of energy and CP as the control diet.

Minerals, vitamins and an ionophore were pelleted along with the feed byproducts. The primary ingredients for each pellet were: 1. HS/HSP pellet — high starch (50.1 per cent DM) and high-soluble protein (36.3 per cent of crude protein) — wheat, pea screenings and peas 2. HS/LSP pellet — high starch (49.7 per cent DM) and low-soluble protein (24.2 per cent of CP) — wheat, DDG, oat hulls and peas 3. HF/HSP pellet — high fat (7.9 per cent DM) and high-soluble protein (39.5 per cent of CP) — pea screenings, grain screenings, off-grade canola and oat hulls

4. HF/LSP pellet — high fat (7.4 per cent DM) and low-soluble protein (17.9 per cent of CP) — grain screenings, DDGS, oat hulls, wheat and off-grade canola There was no significant difference in average daily gain (ADG) among the five groups. It ranged from a high of 3.3 lb./day for the control group to a low of 3.0 lb./day for the HS/ LSP group.

The dry matter intake (DMI) was also lowest for the HS/LSP group at 19.4 lb./day. DMI was significantly higher for both forms of HF pellets at 21.7 lb./day for the HF/HSP blend and 21.4 lb./day for the HF/LSP pellets. DMI was 21.0 lb./day for the control diet.

The steers consumed 6.33 pounds of the control diet to put on a pound of gain, which was similar to the feedto-gain ratio (F:G) for the HS/HSP and HS/LSP treatments. The F:G ratios for the HF/HSP and HF/LSP treatments were 7.06 and 6.73, respectively.

Even though the calves ate more of the rations containing HF pellets to put on a pound of gain, the economics worked out in favour of HF pellets because of their lower cost relative to the price of barley and the HS pellets.

A second smaller trial with very similar results further validated the economic advantage of feeding HF pellets.

tegically blended byproduct pellets can be equally as effective as other forms of supplements in improving gains on steers grazing mature crested wheatgrass (CWG) pasture.

His trial involved 45 crossbred steers averaging 736 pounds. The control diet was CWG pasture without a supplement. The two test diets were CWG pasture supplemented with either low-starch/high-degradable fibre (LS/HDF) or high-starch/ low-degradable fibre (HS/LDF) pellets fed daily at 6.0 per cent of body weight (average 5.3 lb./hd/day).

Mineral and salt blocks were offered free choice.

The pelleted supplements were formulated to provide the same level of CP (about 18 per cent DM basis) and energy (about 76 per cent TDN DM basis), but the rumen availability of the energy differed between the two.

The LS/HDF pellets contained 40.3 per cent starch and 5.0 per cent fat. Pea hulls were included as a source of degradable fibre. Starch was derived primarily from wheat, while fat was derived from off-grade canola. DDGS was included as a source of protein. The neutral detergent fibre (NDF) was 29.5 per cent and the acid detergent fibre (ADF) was 17.8 per cent.

The HS/LDF pellets contained 48.6 per cent starch and 3.8 per cent fat. Wheat and pea screenings were included as starch sources while off-

Backgrounding pasture trial Anez’s work at the Western Beef Development Centre’s research ranch near Lanigan, Sask., shows that stra-

Continued on page 15 www.canadiancattlemen.ca

Post-doctorate fellow Pawel Gorka evaluated the potential for strategically blended byproduct pellets as a partial replacement for barley grain in finishing rations.

The high-fat pellets (HFP) for this trial contained a blend of pea screen-

ings, wheat screenings, wheat, oat hulls and canola.

In formulating the pellets and the rations, he wanted to be sure the energy supplied by the fat in the two HFP test diets would be similar to the energy supplied by the starch in the barley grain control diet, while ensuring that crude protein was the same for all of the rations so it wouldn’t affect the results. All three diets contained 13.4 per cent CP and approximately 76.5 per cent TDN. The control diet included six per cent barley silage, 81.8 per cent barley grain, 7.2 per cent canola meal and five per cent mineral-vitamin supplement on a DM basis.

The test diets contained the same amount of silage and supplement, but HFPs replaced either 30 per cent or 60 per cent of the barley grain. The HFP30 ration included 57.2 per cent barley grain, 26.7 per cent HFP and 5.1 per cent canola meal.

The HFP60 ration included 32.7 per cent barley grain, 53.4 per cent HFP and 2.9 per cent canola meal.

The 264 steers were fed for minimum refusal for 154 days to target a finished weight of 1,450 pounds.

There was no difference in ADG between the three treatments, however, the DMI was higher for the HFP groups compared to the control group.

Similar to the backgrounding feedlot trial, the feed-to-gain ratio was not as efficient for the HFP rations as for the barley-grain ration.

There were no differences between cattle fed barley or HFP rations as far as shipping weight, carcass weight, rib-eye area, yield grade, or marbling score, however, cattle fed HFP had more backfat than barley-fed cattle.

No differences in carcass traits were detected between the cattle fed the HFP30 and HFP60 rations.

The economics (including the cost of the product, transport and processing) slightly favoured the HPF60 diet over the entire feeding period. It worked out to be approximately $10 per head lower than the HFP30 and control diets.

So far, the research indicates that strategically blended pellets can be a viable alternative for supplementing energy and protein in backgrounding diets and for calves and cows grazing low-quality or stockpiled forage, depending on the availability and price of the pellets relative to other feeds.

While strategically blended pellets can provide consistent gains in backgrounding cattle at a lower cost of gain than barley-based diets, due to the poorer feed-to-gain ratio, the economics of feeding pellets in finishing rations is highly dependent on the price difference between the pellets C and barley grain.

www.canadiancattlemen.ca

CANADIAN CATTLEMEN / FALL 2012 15

Continued from page 14

grade canola provided fat. Other ingredients included grain screenings and oat hulls. The NDF was 22.8 per cent and the ADF was 12.2 per cent.

Every two weeks, the steers were weighed and forage clippings were tested to monitor quality. Forage availability was calculated by weighing clippings before and after each grazing.

As expected, the levels of CP and TDN provided by the CWG pasture dropped as time went on and by midseason would not have been sufficient to maintain a growth rate of two pounds per day.

The ADG of the control steers on pasture alone was 2.2 lb./day, while those supplemented with pellets averaged 3.25 lb./day. At the end of the 70-day trial, the average weights were 887 pounds for the control group, 958 pounds for the LS/HDF group, and 967 pounds for the HS/LDF group.

The cost per pound of gain was $0.33 for the groups fed the pellets and $0.23 for the control group.

However, when sale proceeds were taken into consideration, the economics worked out in favour of supplementing with pellets because of the additional weight gain.

Given October, 2011 yearling prices of $1.23 per pound with a $5 per hundredweight slide, the two groups supplemented with pellets would have netted an average of $19 per head more than the steers in the control group. The net returns would have been $143 per head for the steers fed the HS/LDF pellets, $137 per head for the LS/HDF group and $121 per head for the control group.

The net figures include the cost of the pellets and a half-hour delivering them to the pasture each day charged out at $15 per hour for labour and $36 per hour for truck expense. They stress that producers need to evaluate their own situation to determine whether the additional weight gain covers the cost of pellets delivered to the farm as well as their own labour and equipment expenses to feed them. The economics will change from year to year depending on cattle prices as well.

Anez continues his research with a trial to evaluate the performance and economics of feeding steers pellets every second day to supplement mature CWG pasture.

FEEDLOT FINISHING TRIAL

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feeding equipment

This super-sized bale feeder reduces waste It’s filled twice a year with tub-ground hay

By Debbie Furber

G

ary Garman’s goal for his farm near Allan, Sask. is to have every acre in production. This requires about 55 cows to graze land that’s not suitable for annual cropping, however, he doesn’t want his winter feeding program to spill over onto farmland that has potential to bring more revenue from grain production than from beef production.

On the other hand, he sees a lot of merit in feeding cows out in the field rather than in the corrals.

“I don’t bale graze anymore because there is too much waste,” Garman says. “Any research I have read, and in my own experience, it can be 20 per cent or more. I know the wasted hay can be good fertilizer, but I still think it would be better utilized to go through the cow first. Twenty per cent less waste is 20 per cent less feed to put up and 20 per cent less forage acres — acres where I could grow canola.”

The heavy-duty wooden bale-savertype feeders on skids that he constructed for use out in the field helped to reduce feed wastage, but didn’t solve the problem of having to start the tractor every few days to fill them with bales.

Though he has read many articles about the advantages of swath grazing, Garman says he can’t bring himself to go that route because it doesn’t make economic sense to him. When he invests time and money into growing oats or barley, his goal is to harvest milling-quality oats or malting-quality barley. He can then roll up some straw or let the cows graze the stubble and purchase low-grade grain or screenings if needed. In years when the hay crop is short, there is always the option of cutting a cereal crop for greenfeed to be baled, however, cutting it and letting it turn to straw for the cows to trample is totally out of his comfort zone.

His solution: tub grinding hay into a self-feeding system out in the field.

Super-size it Garman first saw a setup for feeding tub-ground forage at his neigh16 Canadian cattlemen / fall 2012

bour’s place, where access to the feed stack was controlled with an electric wire. It seemed to be a workable solution for winter feeding on his farm, so he set about to design a sturdy wooden self-feeder that would protect the stack from the wind and from accidental entry by the cows.

The feeding system is put up each fall and taken apart each spring. He selects an area in the stubble field next to the yard that is protected from prevailing winds, though the feeder itself offers great wind protection, he adds.

The feeder is approximately 17 feet wide by 96 feet long, constructed from wooden panels secured with light-duty ratchet straps to the outside of six-inch posts driven two feet into the ground every eight feet.

Each of the 12 side panels and one end panel is 16 feet wide by eight feet high, with the 2x6 uprights spaced to give enough headroom for the cattle to access the feed from all sides. The top of each panel is tied together with two, 2x6 boards. Below them, a two-footwide strip of light sheet metal protects the feed from the wind. The bottoms are tied together with four 2x6s placed tightly together to prevent losses. The panels are built using bolts rather than nails for longer life.

Also to prevent waste, sheets of half-inch plywood cut crossways into three, four-foot-wide pieces are attached above the bottom boards to block access to the feed along the side panels until it is needed. He uses a pitchfork to push down some of the ground hay from the corners along the side panels before removing the plywood blockers so that the feed doesn’t fall out of the feeder.

The other end panel is a 5-1/2x16foot moveable headgate on skids designed so the cows can slide it ahead as they eat into the pile. However, Garman found there is less waste if he forks up the bit of feed that remains, pushes the headgate forward a couple of feet each time and then chains it up.

He is still trying to improve the design of the movable headgate.

In the fall, a second set of posts is installed some distance away so that the panels can be quickly moved to the new location for the second fill. To pre-

Garman’s oversized “portable” feeder holds 130 tub-grounded bales.

vent the panels from freezing in place he removes them from the first setup as the cattle eat through the stack.

The feeder is filled at the end of November, which carries the cows through to late January, when he attaches the panels to the other set of posts for the second and final fill of the winter. It takes about five hours to grind 130 bales weighing an average of 1,050 pounds to fill the feeder each time.

Material costs run about $2,500 for the panels (including the plywood feed blockers and sheet metal) and $500 for the posts, which works out to $300 a year over the 10-year expected lifetime of the feeder. Feeding 260 bales a year, or 2,600 bales over 10 years, equates to a grand overhead cost of 12 cents per bale.

Operating expenses include the cost of custom grinding and running his own tractor to deliver bales to the grinder. This has worked out to approximately $6.50 per bale over the past two winters.

Garman considers the time spent on grinding days and setting up and tearing down the feeders to be time well spent when it takes only 10 or 15 minutes a day to feed 55 cows during the coldest months of the year. There’s no warming up the tractor, pushing through snow, getting stuck, opening

and closing gates, or twine to pull off of the bales.

Best of all in his view is that there is almost no feed waste if the system is well managed.

Why tub grind?

“I tub grind because I want to make use of all of the hay I bale,” Garman explains. “Every cattleman sometimes ends up with very poor hay bales or needs to bale low-quality forages like slough hay and straw. Poor-quality hay bales cost as much, if not more to put up as good bales if the windrows have to be turned a time or two before baling. Then, if you feed the bales in a corral, you have to turn around and haul out what they don’t eat.”

Tub grinding has proven to be an excellent way to make use of all qualities of forage and keep the plane of nutrition on an even keel so that the cows maintain body condition.

He finds that the cows will eat almost any forage when mixed with good forage and seem to do better and be more content when they’re not forced to clean up poor-quality feed on its own.

He aims to mix in more lower-quality bales for the first fill, saving the bestquality forage or mixing in fewer poor bales on the second fill when the cows Continued on page 20 www.canadiancattlemen.ca

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A180 CALFSPAN DRAXXIN EXCEDE 200 EXCENEL RTU EXCENEL LIQUAMYCIN LA-200 NEO-SULFALYTE LUS SYNOVEX S CIDR 330 CIDR 1380 FACTREL LUTALYSE BOVI-SHIELD GOLD 5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD F P5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD FP 5+L5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD FP 5+VL5 BOVI-SHIELD IBR/PI3 CALF-GUARD CATTLEMASTER 4+L5 CATTLEMAS IN HIBITANE KOPERTOX NEWCELLS OXY LA 300 OXYTOCIN PREDEF REVIBE REVIBE H.E. A180 CALFSPAN DRAXXIN EXCEDE 200 EXCENEL RTU EXCENEL LIQUAMYCIN LA-200 NEO-SULFALYTE OXYMYCINE LA OXYMYCINE LP PEN-AQ FACTREL LUTALYSE BOVI-SHIELD GOLD 5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD F P5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD FP 5+L5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD FP 5+VL5 BOVI-SHIELD IBR/PI3 CALF-GUARD CATTLEMASTER 4+L5 CATTLEMASTER 4+VL5 CATTLEMASTER GOLD FP OXY LA 300 OXYTOCIN PREDEF REVIBE REVIBE H.E. A180 CALFSPAN DRAXXIN EXCEDE 200 EXCENEL RTU EXCENEL LIQUAMYCIN LA-200 NEO-SULFALYTE OXYMYCINE LA OXYMYCINE LP PEN-AQUEOUS ALVERIN DECTOMAX VALBA OLD 5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD F P5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD FP 5+L5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD FP 5+VL5 BOVI-SHIELD IBR/PI3 CALF-GUARD CATTLEMASTER 4+L5 CATTLEMASTER 4+VL5 CATTLEMASTER GOLD FP 5 INFORCE 3 LEPTOFERM 5 ONE SHO REVIBE H.E. A180 CALFSPAN DRAXXIN EXCEDE 200 EXCENEL RTU EXCENEL LIQUAMYCIN LA-200 NEO-SULFALYTE OXYMYCINE LA OXYMYCINE LP PEN-AQUEOUS ALVERIN DECTOMAX VALBAZEN ENVIRACOR J-5 NOVODRY PLUS ORB GOLD FP 5+L5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD FP 5+VL5 BOVI-SHIELD IBR/PI3 CALF-GUARD CATTLEMASTER 4+L5 CATTLEMASTER 4+VL5 CATTLEMASTER GOLD FP 5 INFORCE 3 LEPTOFERM 5 ONE SHOT RESVAC 4/SOMUBAC SCOURGUARD 4KC SO EXCEDE 200 EXCENEL RTU EXCENEL LIQUAMYCIN LA-200 NEO-SULFALYTE OXYMYCINE LA OXYMYCINE LP PEN-AQUEOUS ALVERIN DECTOMAX VALBAZEN ENVIRACOR J-5 NOVODRY PLUS ORBESEAL PIRSUE SPECIAL FORMULA 1790 L5 BOVI-SHIELD IBR/PI3 CALF-GUARD CATTLEMASTER 4+L5 CATTLEMASTER 4+VL5 CATTLEMASTER GOLD FP 5 INFORCE 3 LEPTOFERM 5 ONE SHOT RESVAC 4/SOMUBAC SCOURGUARD 4KC SOMUBAC SPIROVAC TSV-2 ULTRABAC-7/S YCIN LA-200 NEO-SULFALYTE OXYMYCINE LA OXYMYCINE LP PEN-AQUEOUS ALVERIN DECTOMAX VALBAZEN ENVIRACOR J-5 NOVODRY PLUS ORBESEAL PIRSUE SPECIAL FORMULA 17900 FORTE SPECTRAMAST DC SPECTRAMAST LC ATTLEMASTER 4+L5 CATTLEMASTER 4+VL5 CATTLEMASTER GOLD FP 5 INFORCE 3 LEPTOFERM 5 ONE SHOT RESVAC 4/SOMUBAC SCOURGUARD 4KC SOMUBAC SPIROVAC TSV-2 ULTRABAC-7/SOMUBAC ULTRACHOICE 7 ULTRACHOICE CINE LA OXYMYCINE LP PEN-AQUEOUS ALVERIN DECTOMAX VALBAZEN ENVIRACOR J-5 NOVODRY PLUS ORBESEAL PIRSUE SPECIAL FORMULA 17900 FORTE SPECTRAMAST DC SPECTRAMAST LC SYNOVEX C SYNOVEX CHOICE SYNO 5 CATTLEMASTER GOLD FP 5 INFORCE 3 LEPTOFERM 5 ONE SHOT RESVAC 4/SOMUBAC SCOURGUARD 4KC SOMUBAC SPIROVAC TSV-2 ULTRABAC-7/SOMUBAC ULTRACHOICE 7 ULTRACHOICE 8 ULTRACHOICE 8 VIBRIN CAL-NATE 23 D LVERIN DECTOMAX VALBAZEN ENVIRACOR J-5 NOVODRY PLUS ORBESEAL PIRSUE SPECIAL FORMULA 17900 FORTE SPECTRAMAST DC SPECTRAMAST LC SYNOVEX C SYNOVEX CHOICE SYNOVEX H SYNOVEX PLUS SYNOVEX S CIDR 3 RCE 3 LEPTOFERM 5 ONE SHOT RESVAC 4/SOMUBAC SCOURGUARD 4KC SOMUBAC SPIROVAC TSV-2 ULTRABAC-7/SOMUBAC ULTRACHOICE 7 ULTRACHOICE 8 ULTRACHOICE 8 VIBRIN CAL-NATE 23 DYSTOSEL FLUNIXIN HIBITANE KOP ENVIRACOR J-5 NOVODRY PLUS ORBESEAL PIRSUE SPECIAL FORMULA 17900 FORTE SPECTRAMAST DC SPECTRAMAST LC SYNOVEX C SYNOVEX CHOICE SYNOVEX H SYNOVEX PLUS SYNOVEX S CIDR 330 CIDR 1380 FACTREL LUTAL C 4/SOMUBAC SCOURGUARD 4KC SOMUBAC SPIROVAC TSV-2 ULTRABAC-7/SOMUBAC ULTRACHOICE 7 ULTRACHOICE 8 ULTRACHOICE 8 VIBRIN CAL-NATE 23 DYSTOSEL FLUNIXIN HIBITANE KOPERTOX NEWCELLS OXY LA 300 OXYTO PIRSUE SPECIAL FORMULA 17900 FORTE SPECTRAMAST DC SPECTRAMAST LC SYNOVEX C SYNOVEX CHOICE SYNOVEX H SYNOVEX PLUS SYNOVEX S CIDR 330 CIDR 1380 FACTREL LUTALYSE BOVI-SHIELD GOLD 5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD SOMUBAC SPIROVAC TSV-2 ULTRABAC-7/SOMUBAC ULTRACHOICE 7 ULTRACHOICE 8 ULTRACHOICE 8 VIBRIN CAL-NATE 23 DYSTOSEL FLUNIXIN HIBITANE KOPERTOX NEWCELLS OXY LA 300 OXYTOCIN PREDEF REVIBE REVIBE H.E. 0 FORTE SPECTRAMAST DC SPECTRAMAST LC SYNOVEX C SYNOVEX CHOICE SYNOVEX H SYNOVEX PLUS SYNOVEX S CIDR 330 CIDR 1380 FACTREL LUTALYSE BOVI-SHIELD GOLD 5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD F P5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD FP 5+L OMUBAC ULTRACHOICE 7 ULTRACHOICE 8 ULTRACHOICE 8 VIBRIN CAL-NATE 23 DYSTOSEL FLUNIXIN HIBITANE KOPERTOX NEWCELLS OXY LA 300 OXYTOCIN PREDEF REVIBE REVIBE H.E. A180 CALFSPAN DRAXXIN EXCEDE 200 EX ST LC SYNOVEX C SYNOVEX CHOICE SYNOVEX H SYNOVEX PLUS SYNOVEX S CIDR 330 CIDR 1380 FACTREL LUTALYSE BOVI-SHIELD GOLD 5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD F P5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD FP 5+L5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD FP 5+VL5 BOVI-SHIE ULTRACHOICE 8 VIBRIN CAL-NATE 23 DYSTOSEL FLUNIXIN HIBITANE KOPERTOX NEWCELLS OXY LA 300 OXYTOCIN PREDEF REVIBE REVIBE H.E. A180 CALFSPAN DRAXXIN EXCEDE 200 EXCENEL RTU EXCENEL LIQUAMYCIN LA-200 YNOVEX H SYNOVEX PLUS SYNOVEX S CIDR 330 CIDR 1380 FACTREL LUTALYSE BOVI-SHIELD GOLD 5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD F P5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD FP 5+L5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD FP 5+VL5 BOVI-SHIELD IBR/PI3 CALF-GUARD CATTLEMAS TE 23 DYSTOSEL FLUNIXIN HIBITANE KOPERTOX NEWCELLS OXY LA 300 OXYTOCIN PREDEF REVIBE REVIBE H.E. A180 CALFSPAN DRAXXIN EXCEDE 200 EXCENEL RTU EXCENEL LIQUAMYCIN LA-200 NEO-SULFALYTE OXYMYCINE LA IDR 330 CIDR 1380 FACTREL LUTALYSE BOVI-SHIELD GOLD 5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD F P5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD FP 5+L5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD FP 5+VL5 BOVI-SHIELD IBR/PI3 CALF-GUARD CATTLEMASTER 4+L5 CATTLEMASTER 4+VL5 CATTL ERTOX NEWCELLS OXY LA 300 OXYTOCIN PREDEF REVIBE REVIBE H.E. A180 CALFSPAN DRAXXIN EXCEDE 200 EXCENEL RTU EXCENEL LIQUAMYCIN LA-200 NEO-SULFALYTE OXYMYCINE LA OXYMYCINE LP PEN-AQUEOUS ALVERIN D BOVI-SHIELD GOLD 5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD F P5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD FP 5+L5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD FP 5+VL5 BOVI-SHIELD IBR/PI3 CALF-GUARD CATTLEMASTER 4+L5 CATTLEMASTER 4+VL5 CATTLEMASTER GOLD FP 5 INFORCE 3 LEPTOFE IN PREDEF REVIBE REVIBE H.E. A180 CALFSPAN DRAXXIN EXCEDE 200 EXCENEL RTU EXCENEL LIQUAMYCIN LA-200 NEO-SULFALYTE OXYMYCINE LA OXYMYCINE LP PEN-AQUEOUS ALVERIN DECTOMAX VALBAZEN ENVIRACOR J-5 LD F P5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD FP 5+L5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD FP 5+VL5 BOVI-SHIELD IBR/PI3 CALF-GUARD CATTLEMASTER 4+L5 CATTLEMASTER 4+VL5 CATTLEMASTER GOLD FP 5 INFORCE 3 LEPTOFERM 5 ONE SHOT RESVAC 4/SOMUBAC 80 CALFSPAN DRAXXIN EXCEDE 200 EXCENEL RTU EXCENEL LIQUAMYCIN LA-200 NEO-SULFALYTE OXYMYCINE LA OXYMYCINE LP PEN-AQUEOUS ALVERIN DECTOMAX VALBAZEN ENVIRACOR J-5 NOVODRY PLUS ORBESEAL PIRSUE I-SHIELD GOLD FP 5+VL5 BOVI-SHIELD IBR/PI3 CALF-GUARD CATTLEMASTER 4+L5 CATTLEMASTER 4+VL5 CATTLEMASTER GOLD FP 5 INFORCE 3 LEPTOFERM 5 ONE SHOT RESVAC 4/SOMUBAC SCOURGUARD 4KC SOMUBAC SPIROVAC RTU EXCENEL LIQUAMYCIN LA-200 NEO-SULFALYTE OXYMYCINE LA OXYMYCINE LP PEN-AQUEOUS ALVERIN DECTOMAX VALBAZEN ENVIRACOR J-5 NOVODRY PLUS ORBESEAL PIRSUE SPECIAL FORMULA 17900 FORTE SPECTRAMAS R/PI3 CALF-GUARD CATTLEMASTER 4+L5 CATTLEMASTER 4+VL5 CATTLEMASTER GOLD FP 5 INFORCE 3 LEPTOFERM 5 ONE SHOT RESVAC 4/SOMUBAC SCOURGUARD 4KC SOMUBAC SPIROVAC TSV-2 ULTRABAC-7/SOMUBAC ULTRACH EO-SULFALYTE OXYMYCINE LA OXYMYCINE LP PEN-AQUEOUS ALVERIN DECTOMAX VALBAZEN ENVIRACOR J-5 NOVODRY PLUS ORBESEAL PIRSUE SPECIAL FORMULA 17900 FORTE SPECTRAMAST DC SPECTRAMAST LC SYNOVEX C S L5 CATTLEMASTER 4+VL5 CATTLEMASTER GOLD FP 5 INFORCE 3 LEPTOFERM 5 ONE SHOT RESVAC 4/SOMUBAC SCOURGUARD 4KC SOMUBAC SPIROVAC TSV-2 ULTRABAC-7/SOMUBAC ULTRACHOICE 7 ULTRACHOICE 8 ULTRACHOICE MYCINE LP PEN-AQUEOUS ALVERIN DECTOMAX VALBAZEN ENVIRACOR J-5 NOVODRY PLUS ORBESEAL PIRSUE SPECIAL FORMULA 17900 FORTE SPECTRAMAST DC SPECTRAMAST LC SYNOVEX C SYNOVEX CHOICE SYNOVEX H SYNOV ASTER GOLD FP 5 INFORCE 3 LEPTOFERM 5 ONE SHOT RESVAC 4/SOMUBAC SCOURGUARD 4KC SOMUBAC SPIROVAC TSV-2 ULTRABAC-7/SOMUBAC ULTRACHOICE 7 ULTRACHOICE 8 ULTRACHOICE 8 VIBRIN CAL-NATE 23 DYSTOSEL F TOMAX VALBAZEN ENVIRACOR J-5 NOVODRY PLUS ORBESEAL PIRSUE SPECIAL FORMULA 17900 FORTE SPECTRAMAST DC SPECTRAMAST LC SYNOVEX C SYNOVEX CHOICE SYNOVEX H SYNOVEX PLUS SYNOVEX S CIDR 330 CIDR 13 M 5 ONE SHOT RESVAC 4/SOMUBAC SCOURGUARD 4KC SOMUBAC SPIROVAC TSV-2 ULTRABAC-7/SOMUBAC ULTRACHOICE 7 ULTRACHOICE 8 ULTRACHOICE 8 VIBRIN CAL-NATE 23 DYSTOSEL FLUNIXIN HIBITANE KOPERTOX NEWCEL ODRY PLUS ORBESEAL PIRSUE SPECIAL FORMULA 17900 FORTE SPECTRAMAST DC SPECTRAMAST LC SYNOVEX C SYNOVEX CHOICE SYNOVEX H SYNOVEX PLUS SYNOVEX S CIDR 330 CIDR 1380 FACTREL LUTALYSE BOVI-SHIELD GOL RGUARD 4KC SOMUBAC SPIROVAC TSV-2 ULTRABAC-7/SOMUBAC ULTRACHOICE 7 ULTRACHOICE 8 ULTRACHOICE 8 VIBRIN CAL-NATE 23 DYSTOSEL FLUNIXIN HIBITANE KOPERTOX NEWCELLS OXY LA 300 OXYTOCIN PREDEF REVIBE MULA 17900 FORTE SPECTRAMAST DC SPECTRAMAST LC SYNOVEX C SYNOVEX CHOICE SYNOVEX H SYNOVEX PLUS SYNOVEX S CIDR 330 CIDR 1380 FACTREL LUTALYSE BOVI-SHIELD GOLD 5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD F P5 BOVI-SHIELD G RABAC-7/SOMUBAC ULTRACHOICE 7 ULTRACHOICE 8 ULTRACHOICE 8 VIBRIN CAL-NATE 23 DYSTOSEL FLUNIXIN HIBITANE KOPERTOX NEWCELLS OXY LA 300 OXYTOCIN PREDEF REVIBE REVIBE H.E. A180 CALFSPAN DRAXXIN EXCE TRAMAST LC SYNOVEX C SYNOVEX CHOICE SYNOVEX H SYNOVEX PLUS SYNOVEX S CIDR 330 CIDR 1380 FACTREL LUTALYSE BOVI-SHIELD GOLD 5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD F P5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD FP 5+L5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD FP 5+VL5 BO TRACHOICE 8 ULTRACHOICE 8 VIBRIN CAL-NATE 23 DYSTOSEL FLUNIXIN HIBITANE KOPERTOX NEWCELLS OXY LA 300 OXYTOCIN PREDEF REVIBE REVIBE H.E. A180 CALFSPAN DRAXXIN EXCEDE 200 EXCENEL RTU EXCENEL LIQUAM CHOICE SYNOVEX H SYNOVEX PLUS SYNOVEX S CIDR 330 CIDR 1380 FACTREL LUTALYSE BOVI-SHIELD GOLD 5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD F P5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD FP 5+L5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD FP 5+VL5 BOVI-SHIELD IBR/PI3 CALF-GUARD CA N CAL-NATE 23 DYSTOSEL FLUNIXIN HIBITANE KOPERTOX NEWCELLS OXY LA 300 OXYTOCIN PREDEF REVIBE REVIBE H.E. A180 CALFSPAN DRAXXIN EXCEDE 200 EXCENEL RTU EXCENEL LIQUAMYCIN LA-200 NEO-SULFALYTE OXYM OVEX S CIDR 330 CIDR 1380 FACTREL LUTALYSE BOVI-SHIELD GOLD 5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD F P5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD FP 5+L5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD FP 5+VL5 BOVI-SHIELD IBR/PI3 CALF-GUARD CATTLEMASTER 4+L5 CATTLEMASTER 4+V NE KOPERTOX NEWCELLS OXY LA 300 OXYTOCIN PREDEF REVIBE REVIBE H.E. A180 CALFSPAN DRAXXIN EXCEDE 200 EXCENEL RTU EXCENEL LIQUAMYCIN LA-200 NEO-SULFALYTE OXYMYCINE LA OXYMYCINE LP PEN-AQUEOUS ALV YSE BOVI-SHIELD GOLD 5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD F P5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD FP 5+L5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD FP 5+VL5 BOVI-SHIELD IBR/PI3 CALF-GUARD CATTLEMASTER 4+L5 CATTLEMASTER 4+VL5 CATTLEMASTER GOLD FP 5 INFORCE 3 LEP IN PREDEF REVIBE REVIBE H.E. A180 CALFSPAN DRAXXIN EXCEDE 200 EXCENEL RTU EXCENEL LIQUAMYCIN LA-200 NEO-SULFALYTE OXYMYCINE LA OXYMYCINE LP PEN-AQUEOUS ALVERIN DECTOMAX VALBAZEN ENVIRACOR J-5 LD F P5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD FP 5+L5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD FP 5+VL5 BOVI-SHIELD IBR/PI3 CALF-GUARD CATTLEMASTER 4+L5 CATTLEMASTER 4+VL5 CATTLEMASTER GOLD FP 5 INFORCE 3 LEPTOFERM 5 ONE SHOT RESVAC 4/SOMUBAC 80 CALFSPAN DRAXXIN EXCEDE 200 EXCENEL RTU EXCENEL LIQUAMYCIN LA-200 NEO-SULFALYTE OXYMYCINE LA OXYMYCINE LP PEN-AQUEOUS ALVERIN DECTOMAX VALBAZEN ENVIRACOR J-5 NOVODRY PLUS ORBESEAL PIRSUE I-SHIELD GOLD FP 5+VL5 BOVI-SHIELD IBR/PI3 CALF-GUARD CATTLEMASTER 4+L5 CATTLEMASTER 4+VL5 CATTLEMASTER GOLD FP 5 INFORCE 3 LEPTOFERM 5 ONE SHOT RESVAC 4/SOMUBAC SCOURGUARD 4KC SOMUBAC SPIROVAC RTU EXCENEL LIQUAMYCIN LA-200 NEO-SULFALYTE OXYMYCINE LA OXYMYCINE LP PEN-AQUEOUS ALVERIN DECTOMAX VALBAZEN ENVIRACOR J-5 NOVODRY PLUS ORBESEAL PIRSUE SPECIAL FORMULA 17900 FORTE SPECTRAMAS R/PI3 CALF-GUARD CATTLEMASTER 4+L5 CATTLEMASTER 4+VL5 CATTLEMASTER GOLD FP 5 INFORCE 3 LEPTOFERM 5 ONE SHOT RESVAC 4/SOMUBAC SCOURGUARD 4KC SOMUBAC SPIROVAC TSV-2 ULTRABAC-7/SOMUBAC ULTRACH EO-SULFALYTE OXYMYCINE LA OXYMYCINE LP PEN-AQUEOUS ALVERIN DECTOMAX VALBAZEN ENVIRACOR J-5 NOVODRY PLUS ORBESEAL PIRSUE SPECIAL FORMULA 17900 FORTE SPECTRAMAST DC SPECTRAMAST LC SYNOVEX C S L5 CATTLEMASTER 4+VL5 CATTLEMASTER GOLD FP 5 INFORCE 3 LEPTOFERM 5 ONE SHOT RESVAC 4/SOMUBAC SCOURGUARD 4KC SOMUBAC SPIROVAC TSV-2 ULTRABAC-7/SOMUBAC ULTRACHOICE 7 ULTRACHOICE 8 ULTRACHOICE MYCINE LP PEN-AQUEOUS ALVERIN DECTOMAX VALBAZEN ENVIRACOR J-5 NOVODRY PLUS ORBESEAL PIRSUE SPECIAL FORMULA 17900 FORTE SPECTRAMAST DC SPECTRAMAST LC SYNOVEX C SYNOVEX CHOICE SYNOVEX H SYNOV ASTER GOLD FP 5 INFORCE 3 LEPTOFERM 5 ONE SHOT RESVAC 4/SOMUBAC SCOURGUARD 4KC SOMUBAC SPIROVAC TSV-2 ULTRABAC-7/SOMUBAC ULTRACHOICE 7 ULTRACHOICE 8 ULTRACHOICE 8 VIBRIN CAL-NATE 23 DYSTOSEL F MAX VALBAZEN ENVIRACOR J-5 NOVODRY PLUS ORBESEAL PIRSUE SPECIAL FORMULA 17900 FORTE SPECTRAMAST DC SPECTRAMAST LC SYNOVEX C SYNOVEX CHOICE SYNOVEX H SYNOVEX PLUS SYNOVEX S CIDR 330 CIDR 1380 ONE SHOT RESVAC 4/SOMUBAC SCOURGUARD 4KC SOMUBAC SPIROVAC TSV-2 ULTRABAC-7/SOMUBAC ULTRACHOICE 7 ULTRACHOICE 8 ULTRACHOICE 8 VIBRIN CAL-NATE 23 DYSTOSEL FLUNIXIN HIBITANE KOPERTOX NEWCELLS OX PLUS ORBESEAL PIRSUE SPECIAL FORMULA 17900 FORTE SPECTRAMAST DC SPECTRAMAST LC SYNOVEX C SYNOVEX CHOICE SYNOVEX H SYNOVEX PLUS SYNOVEX S CIDR 330 CIDR 1380 FACTREL LUTALYSE BOVI-SHIELD GOLD 5 B RD 4KC SOMUBAC SPIROVAC TSV-2 ULTRABAC-7/SOMUBAC ULTRACHOICE 7 ULTRACHOICE 8 ULTRACHOICE 8 VIBRIN CAL-NATE 23 DYSTOSEL FLUNIXIN HIBITANE KOPERTOX NEWCELLS OXY LA 300 OXYTOCIN PREDEF REVIBE REVI MULA 17900 FORTE SPECTRAMAST DC SPECTRAMAST LC SYNOVEX C SYNOVEX CHOICE SYNOVEX H SYNOVEX PLUS SYNOVEX S CIDR 330 CIDR 1380 FACTREL LUTALYSE BOVI-SHIELD GOLD 5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD F P5 BOVI-SHIELD G RABAC-7/SOMUBAC ULTRACHOICE 7 ULTRACHOICE 8 ULTRACHOICE 8 VIBRIN CAL-NATE 23 DYSTOSEL FLUNIXIN HIBITANE KOPERTOX NEWCELLS OXY LA 300 OXYTOCIN PREDEF REVIBE REVIBE H.E. A180 CALFSPAN DRAXXIN EXCE TRAMAST LC SYNOVEX C SYNOVEX CHOICE SYNOVEX H SYNOVEX PLUS SYNOVEX S CIDR 330 CIDR 1380 FACTREL LUTALYSE BOVI-SHIELD GOLD 5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD F P5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD FP 5+L5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD FP 5+VL5 BO TRACHOICE 8 ULTRACHOICE 8 VIBRIN CAL-NATE 23 DYSTOSEL FLUNIXIN HIBITANE KOPERTOX NEWCELLS OXY LA 300 OXYTOCIN PREDEF REVIBE REVIBE H.E. A180 CALFSPAN DRAXXIN EXCEDE 200 EXCENEL RTU EXCENEL LIQUAM CHOICE SYNOVEX H SYNOVEX PLUS SYNOVEX S CIDR 330 CIDR 1380 FACTREL LUTALYSE BOVI-SHIELD GOLD 5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD F P5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD FP 5+L5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD FP 5+VL5 BOVI-SHIELD IBR/PI3 CALF-GUARD CA N CAL-NATE 23 DYSTOSEL FLUNIXIN HIBITANE KOPERTOX NEWCELLS OXY LA 300 OXYTOCIN PREDEF REVIBE REVIBE H.E. A180 CALFSPAN DRAXXIN EXCEDE 200 EXCENEL RTU EXCENEL LIQUAMYCIN LA-200 NEO-SULFALYTE OXYM OVEX S CIDR 330 CIDR 1380 FACTREL LUTALYSE BOVI-SHIELD GOLD 5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD F P5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD FP 5+L5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD FP 5+VL5 BOVI-SHIELD IBR/PI3 CALF-GUARD CATTLEMASTER 4+L5 CATTLEMASTER 4+V NE KOPERTOX NEWCELLS OXY LA 300 OXYTOCIN PREDEF REVIBE REVIBE H.E. A180 CALFSPAN DRAXXIN EXCEDE 200 EXCENEL RTU EXCENEL LIQUAMYCIN LA-200 NEO-SULFALYTE OXYMYCINE LA OXYMYCINE LP PEN-AQUEOUS ALV YSE BOVI-SHIELD GOLD 5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD F P5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD FP 5+L5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD FP 5+VL5 BOVI-SHIELD IBR/PI3 CALF-GUARD CATTLEMASTER 4+L5 CATTLEMASTER 4+VL5 CATTLEMASTER GOLD FP 5 INFORCE 3 LEP IN PREDEF REVIBE REVIBE H.E. A180 CALFSPAN DRAXXIN EXCEDE 200 EXCENEL RTU EXCENEL LIQUAMYCIN LA-200 NEO-SULFALYTE OXYMYCINE LA OXYMYCINE LP PEN-AQUEOUS ALVERIN DECTOMAX VALBAZEN ENVIRACOR J-5 LD F P5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD FP 5+L5 BOVI-SHIELD GOLD FP 5+VL5 BOVI-SHIELD IBR/PI3 CALF-GUARD CATTLEMASTER 4+L5 CATTLEMASTER 4+VL5 CATTLEMASTER GOLD FP 5 INFORCE 3 LEPTOFERM 5 ONE SHOT RESVAC 4/SOMUBAC 80 CALFSPAN DRAXXIN EXCEDE 200 EXCENEL RTU EXCENEL LIQUAMYCIN LA-200 NEO-SULFALYTE OXYMYCINE LA OXYMYCINE LP PEN-AQUEOUS ALVERIN DECTOMAX VALBAZEN ENVIRACOR J-5 NOVODRY PLUS ORBESEAL PIRSUE I-SHIELD GOLD FP 5+VL5 BOVI-SHIELD IBR/PI3 CALF-GUARD CATTLEMASTER 4+L5 CATTLEMASTER 4+VL5 CATTLEMASTER GOLD FP 5 INFORCE 3 LEPTOFERM 5 ONE SHOT RESVAC 4/SOMUBAC SCOURGUARD 4KC SOMUBAC SPIROVAC RTU EXCENEL LIQUAMYCIN LA-200 NEO-SULFALYTE OXYMYCINE LA OXYMYCINE LP PEN-AQUEOUS ALVERIN DECTOMAX VALBAZEN ENVIRACOR J-5 NOVODRY PLUS ORBESEAL PIRSUE SPECIAL FORMULA 17900 FORTE SPECTRAMAS R/PI3 CALF-GUARD CATTLEMASTER 4+L5 CATTLEMASTER 4+VL5 CATTLEMASTER GOLD FP 5 INFORCE 3 LEPTOFERM 5 ONE SHOT RESVAC 4/SOMUBAC SCOURGUARD 4KC SOMUBAC SPIROVAC TSV-2 ULTRABAC-7/SOMUBAC ULTRACH EO-SULFALYTE OXYMYCINE LA OXYMYCINE LP PEN-AQUEOUS ALVERIN DECTOMAX VALBAZEN ENVIRACOR J-5 NOVODRY PLUS ORBESEAL PIRSUE SPECIAL FORMULA 17900 FORTE SPECTRAMAST DC SPECTRAMAST LC SYNOVEX C S

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Continued from page 16

are further along in their pregnancies.

If overall forage quality is low, the cows receive grain screenings, which is a good way to force feed minerals, he adds.

“The better use of all qualities of hay and better use of my farmland more than makes up for the cost of custom tub grinding, not to mention the time and labour savings when it comes to doing chores all winter,” Garman says.

He really notices how much longer

20 Canadian cattlemen / fall 2012

it takes to do chores when the last of the tub-ground feed is gone. He likes to have it cleaned up by the beginning of April, before water and mud starts to accumulate around the feeder. Then, it’s back to whole bales in the hay-saver feeders, which can be moved around to the higher areas in the stubble field until May 1 when the cows are removed in preparation for seeding.

He saves the best-quality hay for this period through calving to turnout.

This gives him the month of April to remove the panels, posts and tem-

porary electric fence from around the perimeter of the super-size feeder and get it ready for seeding. Clearing the buildup from around the base of the posts starts the ground thawing and makes it easier to remove the posts.

He’s learned from experience that posts driven down two feet are deep enough to stand up to the cows but easier to remove in the spring.

“With this system, I can feed more than 100 round bales in one spot and have no trouble pulling the air seeder over that spot at seeding time,”

Garman says. It takes several passes with the spikes and harrows to break up the manure pats, cow trails and spread the bedding straw, followed by a herbicide application to control the first flush of weeds before seeding.

The canola crop sown on the winter feeding ground after the first winter, and last year’s oat crop have been fantastic, except for the small area where the feed stack sat.

Garman welcomes feedback on this and other winter feeding ideas. He can C be reached at 306-257-3706.

www.canadiancattlemen.ca

2012 agriculture for Life

Harvest Gala Saturday, November 3, 2012 bmo CeNtre at Stampede park, 6 pm to 11 pm The Agriculture for Life Harvest Gala offers a unique opportunity to celebrate Alberta’s agricultural roots. Experience a fusion of urban and rural style and design; the scrumptious tastes of locally produced foods, the sights and sounds of Alberta artists, a silent auction and a chance to connect with friends in the community market.

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feeding ingredients

TODAY’S NEW BREED OF PELLET By debbie furber

P

elleted feed supplements have long been used in feedlot rations, mainly as a way of ensuring consistent mineral intake and to some extent as a protein supplement in backgrounding diets. In recent years, high-fat pellets with greater oil content to boost the energy level have become available.

High-fat pellets seemed to show up about the same time as corn distillers grains, says Dr. Darryl Gibb, a nutritionist with Gowans Feed Consulting.

People assumed the value of corn distillers grain was in the fat content and that is partly so, but fibre is important, too.

The energy content of a feed ingredient is most commonly indicated as total digestible nutrients (TDN). Highfat pellets can contain more than 80 per cent TDN, whereas, the TDN of beef supplement pellets that provide mostly minerals and vitamins can be as low as 50 per cent. Gibb’s analysis of pelleted grain screenings from various sources shows high-fat pellets averaging 77 per cent TDN versus 73 per cent TDN in regular pellets.

“Energy is the nutrient with the greatest impact on production and economics of beef production,” Gibb explains. “If we have a good handle on how much energy there is in a feed product then we can better estimate animal performance and its value in the ration.”

Based on predicted performance and cost of gain, a 77 per cent TDN pellet is worth 20 per cent more than the 73 per cent TDN pellet when included in a finishing ration at 15 per cent of diet dry matter. Screening pellets with less than 65 per cent TDN are worth less than 50 per cent of the value of 77 per cent TDN pellets.

The value of high-fat pellets in a ration is even greater when the pellets replace some of the silage as well as barley grain, which helps with economics if you price your silage off the price of grain, Gibb adds.

His example (chart) illustrates that when silage content is cut by half and barley grain is increased by four per cent, the TDN is maintained at 79 per cent without increasing the proportion of pellets in the ration. This would lower the cost of gain by two cents a pound compared with using high-fat pellets to displace 15 per cent of the barley grain alone.

22 Canadian cattlemen / fall 2012

Dr. Darr yl Gibb

However, you need to know that the pellets you receive are what you expect, Gibb says. Energy can’t be measured straight up like other nutritional components such as starch, protein, fibre, lignin, minerals and vitamins. Rather, equations incorporating some of the measured components are used to calculate an estimated energy content.

“Feed labs will provide an estimated analysis of the product, but there are many ways to estimate energy and not all estimate it in the same way,” he adds. “It is disappointing that the most important nutrient is the least accurately estimated.”

Gibb advises sending a sample of the pellets to a feed test lab for analysis to verify that you receive what you order. The wet chemistry method is the current standard for analysing pellets, however, due to the variation in pellets, many companies are developing near infrared spectroscopy calibrations as a rapid feed test method.

Pelleting adds value in itself Most types of feed from forages to cereal grains, oilseeds and pulses and their byproducts, such as screenings, meal, hulls, dried distillers grain, and malt sprouts, can be pelleted.

In fact, straight mineral is about the only type of feed that can’t be pelleted.

Supplemental calcium, usually limestone, is the main consideration to correct calcium deficiencies in grain-based rations. Screenings or lower grades of grain are generally used as a carrier because of their wide availability and affordability.

The Canadian Grain Commission

The energy content of pellets can vary and should be tested before they are fed.

High-fat Screening Pellets in a Finishing Diet $/tonne (Jan./12)

Control (% of DM)

Equal silage (% of DM)

Reduced silage (% of DM)

Barley

225

86.5%

71.5%

75.5%

Silage

65

9.0%

9.0%

4.5%

Supplement

350

4.5%

4.5%

4.5%

Pellets

195

15.0%

15.0%

NDF

20.8%

23.8%

22.5%

TDN

79.0%

78.0%

79.0%

$0.81/pound

$0.82/pound

$0.80/pound

Cost of gain

High-fat pellets can displace some grain as well as some silage in a finishing diet without compromising TDN

grades screenings according to the percentage of the parent grain present.

The remainder is weed seeds, hulls, chaff and dust. No. 1 screenings contain more than 35 per cent of the parent grain. No. 2 screenings contain 15 to 35 per cent of the parent grain. No. 3 screenings are basically refuse with less than 15 per cent of the parent grain and can sometimes be more than 70 per cent chaff and dust.

The pelleting process involves grinding the ingredients and then using steam and high pressure to compress the feed into dies ranging in size from less than one-quarter to more than three-quarter-inch diameter. Starchy ingredients and inorganic nutrients, such as urea and limestone, aid the binding process and often-

times are enough in themselves to form durable pellets without the use of a binding agent.

So, there is a lot of variability in the nutritional value, durability and price of the pellets depending upon the grade of screenings and other ingredients used, Gibb says, but regardless of the grade of the screenings, pelleting adds value in several ways.

No further processing is needed to improve the digestibility of pellets, whereas whole barley, corn and wheat have to be rolled, flaked or cracked in order for cattle to get the most nutritional benefit. Generally, the smaller the seeds in raw screenings, the greater the need for processing because intact Continued on page 24 www.canadiancattlemen.ca

BRD PROTECTION… IT’S NOT ONE SIZE FITS ALL.

Different cattle have different BRD challenges and require different levels of protection. Most are not in the extreme high risk category – a category that includes lightweight commingled

Now available in a new economical 500 mL format

feedlot calves for instance – so why pay more for extreme protection? Treat your calves on arrival with a product that gets to work right away and remains active in the lungs1.

Now available in a new plastic bottle with an innovative, ergonomic, durable and convenient design.

Ask your veterinarian about ZACTRAN common sense BRD protection ZACTRAN® is a registered trademark of Merial Limited. © 2012 Merial Canada Inc. All rights reserved. ZACT-12-7562-BJA 1. Huang RA, Letendre LT, Banav N, Fischer J & Somerville, BA. Pharmacokinetics of gamithromycin in cattle with comparison of plasma and lung tissue concentrations and plasma antibacterial activity. J. Vet. Pharmacol. Therap. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2009.01125.x.

Continued from page 22

small kernels, weed seeds and hardcoated seeds will pass right through.

Most, but not all, pellets contain a complete mineral-vitamin package.

It’s less expensive to feed pellets containing minerals and vitamins than it is to feed grain and a mineral-vitamin supplement separately.

Gibb’s example of a cow ration with hay priced at $90 per tonne, mineral at $631 per tonne, barley at $220 per tonne and pellets at $185 per tonne, shows that displacing all of the barley and mineral with high-fat pellets containing mineral provides equal TDN and phosphorus, but costs five cents less per head per day.

24 Canadian cattlemen / fall 2012

Pellets can also be formulated with additives such as ionophore to control coccidiosis, improve feed efficiency and reduce the risk of bloat.

The protein level can be boosted with a non-protein nitrogen, typically urea, which costs significantly less than protein from canola meal — $0.28 per kilogram of protein from urea versus $0.66 per kilogram of protein from a canola meal.

Pelleting improves the efficiency of transporting, handling and feeding compared to raw screenings. A semi that can carry 30 tonnes of raw screenings can hold approximately 43 tonnes of pellets.

Pellets are durable enough to be augered in and out of bins and trucks.

Good-quality pellets can be stored in a pile outside without worries of wind loss. Ideally, and especially if the pellets won’t be fed right away, they should be stored in a bin or under cover to protect them from rain damage.

Pellets can be mixed with other ingredients in a feed wagon, or fed as is. Gibb suggests the larger-diameter size would be a good choice for supplementing beef cows if you plan to feed them on the ground. The cows will be able to clean up the pellets quite nicely, ensuring consistent mineral and vitamin intake as well.

The bottom line is that you have to know what you want to achieve by feeding pellets and choose the product accordingly.

C

Commercial availability of strategically blended pellets

West Central Pelleting (WCP), with mills at Wilkie and Wolseley in Saskatchewan, was a co-operator on the beef pellet trials at the University of Saskatchewan and Western Beef Development Centre. (See story on page 14.)

WCP general manager Dean Skinner says some of the pellet blends used in the trials are commercially available from WCP and the company will also make custom blends if certain nutritional requirements are necessary.

The company offers nine readymade pelleted products with varying levels of protein and energy that meet the needs of most beef operations: feedlot (general purpose), backgrounder, cow, range, high-protein, 32 per cent beef grower supplement, 20 per cent beef finisher supplement, high-energy, and complete beef finisher pellets.

The beef finisher pellet, with 12 per cent crude protein (CP) and 77 to 79 per cent total digestible nutrients (TDN) balanced with a vitaminmineral package, is much like the high-starch pellets tested in the finishing trial. The high-energy beef pellet, with 23 per cent CP and 78 to 80 per cent TDN, is quite similar to the high-fat pellet with the lower starch content fed in the feedlot backgrounding trial.

Skinner says there has been a significant increase in the use of pellets for beef cattle rations right across the Prairies, almost to the point where demand is starting to outstrip supply at times. The biggest increase has come from the feedlot sector for use as a replacement for barley grain, but interest from cow-calf producers and backgrounders has also been picking up in recent years.

“Producers have always looked for the lowest-cost alternatives and with the high feed grain prices, many have looked for alternatives to grain.

Word of mouth from the recent successes has driven the sales,” Skinner explains.

WCP will develop least-cost rations based on your feeding requirements and available feedstuffs to help you decide whether including pellets in your program will pencil out.

The company, which is owned by more than 1,000 shareholders from across Western Canada, has a history of working with producers, researchers and beef nutritionists to design pellets specifically for the beef industry.

For more information, visit www. westcentralpelleting.com, or contact Skinner at the Wilkie mill, 1-866-422-2242.

www.canadiancattlemen.ca

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Amaglen Limousin :: Darlingford MB Ian & Bonnie Hamilton 204.246.2312 / amaglen@inetlink.ca www.amaglenlimousin.ca

Eden Meadow Farms :: Zehner SK Terry & Lynette Hepper and family 306.781.4628 thepper@yourlink.ca

Murphy Ranch :: Altario AB Frank & Donna Murphy 403.552.2191 / 780.753.1959 murphyranch.ca

Campbell Limousin :: Minto MB Bill & Lauren Campbell 204.776.2322 / 204.724.6218 cam.limousin@xplornet.com

Gutek Limousin :: Hendon SK The Gutek’s 306.338.2112

Richmond Ranch :: Rumsey AB Jim & Stephanie Richmond 403.368.2103 / bulls@richmondranch.com www.richmondranch.com

Cochrane Stock Farms :: Alexander MB The Cochrane families 204.573.6529 / 204.724.0892 www.cochranestockfarms.com

Ivy Livestock :: Duchess AB Rick & Mary Hertz and family 403.378.4190 / rhertz@eidnet.org www.ivylivestock.com

Windy Gables Limousin :: Warkworth ON Bryce and Nathan Allen 705.924.2583 brycea@alleninsurance.com

cla_supersize_aug12.indd 1

Bar 3R Limousin :: Marengo SK The Rea family 306.463.7950 / 306.968.2923 r3bar@hotmail.com

Excel Ranches :: Westlock AB Ron & Barb Miller 780.349.2135 / excelranches@hotmail.com www.excelranches.com

Lazy S Limousin :: Rimbey AB Stan and Ty Skeels 403.704.0288 Best West Limo Classic Bull Sale

Cherway Limousin :: Sanford MB McPherson family 204.736.2878 / info@cherwaylimousin.ca www.cherwaylimousin.ca

Hi-Way Limousin :: Bethune SK The Fuchs families 306.638.4422 / 306.789.8863 306.638.4800 / d.fuchs@sasktel.net

Pinnacle View Limousin :: Quesnel BC Swann and Kishkan families 250.747.2618 / kishkan@quesnelbc.com www.pvlimousin.com

Diamond C Ranch :: Ponoka AB Neil & Sherry Christiansen 403.783.2799 diamondcranchlimousin.com

Hollee Limousin :: Janetville ON Brian & Hollee Lee 705.340.5944 / hmacsand@hotmail.com

Top Meadow Farms :: Clarksburg ON Mike Geddes, manager 519.599.6776 / topmeadow@bmts.com www.topmeadowfarms.com Y2K Limousin :: Caledon East ON Robert Nimmo 905.584.4477 / 416.580.5714 farm@robertnimmo.com

09/08/12 9:21 PM

feeding disease

Looking for a better way to dispose of anthrax Composting may work

By Amanda Harvey

T

he soil-borne bacterium Bacillus anthracis, the infectious agent of anthrax, is very fragile when metabolically active but upon nutrient depletion and exposure to the air it protects itself by forming an endospore. These spores are the primary infectious form of the organism via ingestion, inhalation or skin exposure.

All warm-blooded animals are vulnerable to anthrax. An infectious dose varies with the host species and route of infection. In humans, 2,500-55,000 inhaled spores are considered a lethal dose. As low as 10 inhaled spores are sufficient to infect cattle or sheep.

Although spores are considered metabolically dormant, when conditions are right such as when introduced into a suitable host the spores germinate and the bacteria rapidly multiplies into billions of cells. In cattle and sheep, the disease causes death within a few days without any immediate signs of illness.

The classic signs include bloating, lack of rigor mortis, and bloody discharge from the nose, mouth or anus of infected animals. The blood contaminates the surrounding environment as the cells form endospores upon exposure to the air, making them ready to reinfect susceptible survivors. A coffee mug full of this bloody discharge can contain two billion spores. This is why when a case of anthrax is suspected the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) must be called in to deal with dead animals and infectious material in an appropriate manner. Under warm conditions anthrax bacteria remain viable in a decaying carcass for days.

The spores exist for decades in the soil as they are one of the most resilient life forms on the planet, being exceptionally resistant to disinfectants, heat, radiation and desiccation. It took the British government almost 50 years, using 280 tons of formaldehyde and 2,000 tons of seawater to successfully decontaminate nearly 500 acres of Gruinard Island following aerosol anthrax bomb experiments. Adding to the danger, spores are odourless and microscopic so they are virtually undetectable in smaller numbers. Ninety spores fit across the width of a human hair. In very large numbers they resemble a brown powder, similar to cinnamon or cocoa.

28 Canadian cattlemen / fall 2012

Spores can be distributed when animals kick them into the air or roll in infected soil. Wildlife carry them on hair or feathers or in their gut after they have eaten infected carcasses.

Heavy rains float spores out of the soil, bringing them to the surface and then accumulate them in low-lying areas, sloughs or bison wallows, increasing the likelihood of them being inhaled or ingested by grazing animals.

Anthrax remains a concern for Canadians with continual bison and livestock outbreaks in the Northwest Territories, Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta. From June to September 2006, CFIA reported 806 livestock deaths across 153 sites from naturally occurring anthrax outbreaks. As recently as July and August of this year, 440 bison were killed in the Northwest Territories, about a third of the population.

Current biocontainment and disposal methods, such as deep burial with quick lime, incineration, autoclaving or chemical treatment have certain limitations, either in the numbers that can be handled or the risks of spreading the infection due to the increased amount of people and traffic that are entering and leaving the farm. Deep burial with lime returns the infectious agents to their natural soil reservoir and creates an alkaline environment. Since anthrax outbreaks are associated with an alkaline pH, lime treatment may promote the persistence of infectious spores. Wildlife is another risk with burial as seen in Wood Buffalo National Park where burrowing foxes and foraging ants brought spores back to the surface.

Spring showers can also flood burial sites, floating spores out of the soil.

To reduce reoccurring disease

cycles, effective methods of containment, decontamination and disposal of contaminated materials are needed.

Composting Composting may offer a unique green solution to aid in the containment and safe disposal of anthraxinfected carcasses.

Composting is an inexpensive waste management method that is simple to implement and has a flexible load capacity. It is the controlled breakdown and stabilization of organic materials by micro-organisms in a moist aerobic environment that generates carbon dioxide, heat and water. When the organic materials resist further decomposition, the final product is called humus and is considered stable.

There are many benefits to composting organic waste. It’s environmentally friendly, diverts waste from landfills and it avoids any potential pollution risks associated with effluents during decay. After composting, the overall volume of the waste materials is reduced by up to 70 per cent and the overall weight by 50 per cent, mostly due to evaporation of water.

What’s left is much easier and cheaper to collect and transport.

Composting completes the nutrient recycling chain, generating beneficial soil amendments from waste that improves the fertility and water-holding capacity of your soil, or sold as a fertilizer. Best of all it can be done at home in a low-cost, simple setup that requires minimal training, using materials readily found on livestock operations or can be acquired at little expense.

Large-scale composting (approx.

100,000 kg) are fully biodegraded in 150-200 days without physically turning the material while small-scale (100

kg) composting can often be completed within a month. Check out the Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE) video for more details at: http://www. jove.com/video/1946/biocontained-carcass-composting-for-control-of-infectiousdisease-outbreak-in-livestock.

High temperatures produced during this process kills infectious bacteria and protozoa. Since composting can occur year round, it also offers an allseason biosecurity alternative for many pathogens. During the 2004 outbreak of avian influenza in British Columbia the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) used composting to effectively contain and eliminate the massive volumes of bird carcasses collected.

That raises the question, can composting be used to contain and eliminate Bacillus spores?

Composting is governed by federal and provincial regulations, which in Alberta are set by the Alberta Environment and the Natural Resources Conservation Board while CFIA controls the sale of all compost in Canada.

Presently, composting is not approved for the disposal of cattle afflicted with anthrax, but research may remove that restriction in the future.

Our research Our research team investigated two endospore-forming bacteria (Bacillus thuringiensis and Bacillus licheniformis) that are close cousins to B. anthracis, in long-term (longer than 200 days) field-scale composters. The findings indicate composting reduces endospore viability, but more research is required as there are issues with variable heat distribution throughout the compost pile and possible variations in the survivability of spores depending on their location in the pile. Additional research is being done at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (Tim McAllister, Lethbridge), Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development (Tim Reuter, Lethbridge) and the University of Lethbridge (Brent Selinger) in collaboration with the Animal Disease Research Institute (Amoako Kingsley, Lethbridge). The proposed study will explore endospore inactivation using B. anthracis strains during composting under Level 3 containment conditions.

Compost may offer a green solution to aid biosecurity concerns following an outbreak of anthrax. Livestock producers are paid an indemnity for animals killed by a reportable disease, but not for the cost of disposal and decontamination. If this process proves out composting would provide an optimal disposal alternative for infectious waste materials that can be implemented year round.

C

Amanda Harvey is pursuing a M.Sc. degree in microbiology at the University of Lethbridge. www.canadiancattlemen.ca

Davidson Gelbvieh & Lonesome Dove Ranch

Vernon & Eileen Davidson 306-625-3755 davidsongelbvieh@sasktel.net www.davidsongelbvieh.com Tara & Ross Davidson 306-625-3513 lonesomedoveranch@sasktel.net www.davidsonlonesomedoveranch.com Practical females for sale at Agribition & Prairie Gelbvieh Alliance

Severtson Land & Cattle

Scott & Lisa Severtson 403-224-3756 Innisfail, AB slcgelb@xplornet.com www.severtsoncattle.com Top Cut Annual Female Sale at the Farm, Dec. 2/12

V&V Farms

Vern & Vivienne Pancoast 403-548-6788 Redcliff, AB vvfarms@xplornet.com Your source of breed leading seedstock genetics

Prairie Gelbvieh Alliance Sale Group Contacts: Ian Thackeray 306-861-7687 tgfis@sasktel.net Wayne Selin 306-793-4568 loisselin@hotmail.com 12th Annual PGA Female Sale, Dec. 8 in Moose Jaw, SK.

Fir River Livestock

Dave Hrebeniuk 306-865-6603 Darcy, Renee, Colt & Kenzie Hrebeniuk 306-865-7859 Hudson Bay, SK firriver@xplornet.com www.gelbviehworld.com Heifers sell at the Saskatoon Gelbvieh Bull & Female Sale

EYOT Valley Ranch

Lynne & Larry Fecho 780-718-5477 Millet, AB perfecho@aol.com www.evgelbvieh.com Home of some "Dam Good" cows!

Foursquare Gelbvieh

Roger & Kim Sayer 403-875-8418 Carstairs, AB rogerandkimsayer@yahoo.ca Consigning 3 open heifers to the Wish List Sale, Dec. 1/12

Twin Bridge Farms Ltd.

Ron, Carol, Ross, Gail, Owen & Aaron Birch Ron & Carol 403-792-2123 Aaron 403-485-5518 Lomond, AB aaron@tbfarms.ca www.tbfarms.ca Consigning 6 elite females to the Wish List Sale Dec. 1/12

Keriness Cattle Company Ltd.

Kert Ness 403-860-4634 kertness@shaw.ca Joe Ness 403-852-7332 Airdrie, AB jonus@telus.blackberry.net Consigning open & bred heifers to the Wish List Sale Dec. 1/12

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Tomorrow’s calves. Today.

feeding nutrition

MORE THAN TONNAGE TO CONSIDER

By Debbie Furber

T

onnage is important when choosing crops for silage, but selecting a crop that’s likely to produce consistent quality in your growing region should be top of mind, too, says Dr. Mark Cameron, Cargill Animal Nutrition’s director of nutrition for Western Canada.

Barley has traditionally been the crop of choice for silage in Western Canada, but acres of silage corn have been on the rise with the selection of lower-crop-heat-unit varieties now available. Cameron was asked to give a rundown of the pros and cons of each during this year’s Feedlot Management School at Saskatoon.

“It’s really important to have a goal when selecting crops for silage and harvesting those nutrients,” he says.

“You need to know how the nutrients will fit into your feeding program and have a strategy to get the most digestible nutrients from the silage.”

Cattle require nutrients, not ingredients, and they thrive on consistent nutrients because when the nutrients in the diet change, the rumen microbes have to adjust. It could take up to 21 days for the rumen microbes to fully adjust to a new diet even with a wellplanned switch.

“Cattle crave consistency and, as a nutritionist, I want them to have consistent nutrients because then I know what’s going on with the microbes in the rumen,” Cameron says, with the caveat that they are biological critters so matching the diet with what’s going on in the rumen always involves some detective work.

There can be a lot of variation in the nutrient content of forages from year to year, crop to crop and across each field, but there’s no getting around providing forage in cattle diets because the fibre promotes rumen health and normal rumen function.

Forage fibre buffers the rumen pH due to saliva created during chewing.

A consistent rumen pH level stimulates rumination, which in turn improves the digestibility of all ingredients and the consistency of the energy supply from the entire diet.

“The rumen is unique because it can take lower-quality ingredients and convert them to high-quality nutrients,” Cameron explains. Feeding fibre is an important part of this process because it promotes a nice, thick rumen mat at the top of the rumen, which gives the animal the 32 Canadian cattlemen / fall 2012

chance to regurgitate and reprocess all diet ingredients, thereby capturing more value from the feed. Without a good, thick rumen mat, small particles sink to the liquids at the bottom of the rumen and pass through before the rumen microbes have a chance to fully digest them.

Layering each load into a bunker goes a long way to improve forage consistency when feeding it out, but daily forage consistency might not be as easy to achieve with the bag system because bags are filled load by load and emptied the same way.

Fibre has nutrients, too With so much focus on fibre, the nutritional contribution of silage is oftentimes undervalued, he says.

“Many producers think of it as a source of roughage to help maintain rumen health and use it in low levels in finisher diets, but they don’t realize the fibre can be an excellent source of digestible nutrients, too. In today’s expensive nutrient market, you want to get as many nutrients as possible from Dr. Mark Cameron every ingredient.”

True, as the neutral detergent fibre (NDF) content of an ingredient increases, its digestibility generally decreases, but a percentage of NDF is always digestible, so the focus should be on harvesting fibre or forage sources that provide lots of digestible NDF. Fibre digestibility can be expressed as either dNDF (digestible NDF as a percentage of dry matter) or as NDFD (digestible NDF as a percentage of NDF).

Feed test results might look good for NDF on paper, but the digestibility of the silage may not be that great. You won’t know unless you have it analysed for dNDF. For example, the digestibility of silage with 44 per cent NDF and 22 per cent dNDF is 50 per cent (20/44x100). If the dNDF increases to 29 per cent, then the digestibility is 65.9 per cent (29/44x100).

Cameron says the chemical composition of barley silage in Western

Canada is different from barley silage grown anywhere else and is quite unique because of its potential for high dNDF values. Western Canada barley silage generally tests about 17.7 per cent starch, 41.9 per cent NDF, 11.6 per cent protein, 5.0 per cent sugar, 2.8 per cent fat, and 7.6 per cent ash.

It’s not unusual to see 60 to 68 per cent dNDF. Silage corn in Western Canada typically has about 25 per cent starch, 44.5 per cent NDF, 8.4 per cent protein, 5.5 per cent sugar, 2.4 per cent fat, and 4.7 per cent ash, but the dNDF is between 45 and 50 per cent.

This means it’s important to get high starch content so that the overall energy value from digestible starch and digestible NDF is high.

“The weather conditions in Alberta and Saskatchewan give us really good potential energy in our barley silage, whereas, if Mother Nature co-operates by giving us the right amount of heat and rain, we can make average corn silage,” Cameron explains. That said, by midAugust this year’s corn silage crops had great potential to come off in top quality given enough heat units by the end of the growing season.

Things change with growing conditions as you move farther east into Manitoba and Ontario. The quality of the barley silage generally isn’t as good, but corn silage does better than in Saskatchewan and Alberta.

He notes that these feed values for corn and barley silage grown in Western Canada are not in line with the NRC’s (National Research Council) feed values used in guidelines for beef cattle rations because those are based on the average of feed values reported in published studies from across the U.S. In that context, average barley silage feed values don’t look that great, especially next to corn silage values, he says. However, the actual feed value of corn silage grown in Western Canada isn’t up to par with that

of corn silage in the U.S. and the feed values of barley silage grown in Western Canada are better than that of barley silage in the U.S. The reasons for the significant differences are that Western Canada has done a good job developing foragespecific barley varieties and producers do a good job of making barley silage.

In the U.S., more emphasis has been put on developing corn silage varieties and producers there are experienced at making good corn silage.

Harvesting Nutrients There’s another side of nutrition that looks at the physical structure of an ingredient and how it affects both the rate and extent of its digestion.

Chop length and moisture content are key physical characteristics of silage that should be measured.

Physical nutrition with corn silage is a different matter because of the kernels, Cameron explains. The shorter-day corn silage varieties grown in Western Canada tend to have less digestible starch and smaller, harder kernels. Kernel hardness has a direct negative effect on digestibility — the harder the kernel in the corn silage, the less digestible the starch.

One way to improve digestibility is to slow down the harvester to make sure it cracks or crushes the kernels.

Another is to let the kernels soften over time in the bunker, but this will take four to six months. Also keep in mind that kernel hardness can be measured and the estimated energy of the silage adjusted accordingly in the design of the diet.

Ideally, both barley and corn silage should be harvested at 31 to 33 per cent dry matter in order to pack and ferment properly.

Barley, being a cool-season grass, reaches that stage in July. A common problem is the tendency to get in a rush and take it a little on the wet side.

It’s the opposite with corn because the dry-down can quickly get ahead of you if you’re not out there monitoring what’s happening in the field and your silage quality will go downhill just as quickly.

Being a warm-season grass, corn needs a long growing season and a killing frost is helpful to get the drydown started. If that’s followed by warm, dry weather, the leaves dry down faster than the stalk. That’s when you really need to be on top of it because the greenness of the stalks can be deceiving and they can change quickly. If you have irrigation, Cameron suggests wetting the www.canadiancattlemen.ca

crop periodically to keep it from drying too quickly.

Walk the field checking for kernel hardness and cut a dozen stalks at cutter bar height from across the field to do a dry-matter test to establish a tentative harvest date.

Running the stalks through a wood chipper will give you a uniform corn silage sample.

Once dry-matter content gets up to 40 per cent, it’s unforgiving. It’s like feeding wood, he says. The feed values may still look fine on paper, but the gains on the cattle won’t be there because the physical properties of the silage prevent them from getting the full value. You’ll find the

undigested nutrients in larger fibre particles and visible starch in the manure.

Once the silage is in the bunker, that’s what you’re stuck with for nutrients.

Economics Overall, Cameron says corn is a riskier crop than barley to grow for silage in Western Canada. You need to be aggressive with proper fertilization to maximize yield and nutritional value, but if you don’t get the heat and water every third day or so, you don’t get the quality to make corn silage economically feasible.

Actual feed costs and animal performance from an Alberta feedlot using

a barley-silage ration to background calves were used to run computer models to estimate the economics of feeding top-, bottom- and averagequality corn silage and barley silage.

Feeding top-quality barley silage computed to feed costs of $226.99 per head for the backgrounding period, but with bottom-quality silage the feed cost increased to $247.09 per head to get the same total weight gain. Feeding top-quality corn silage would have been the most economical at a feed cost of $200.77 per head, but feeding bottom-quality added up to $254.55 per head because of the lower energy value.

“The bottom line is if you have poor

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corn silage and don’t balance the diet correctly, it can cost you a lot of money fast,” Cameron says, “which gets back to the importance of having a goal. If it’s tonnage you are after for roughage for a finishing diet or just as a transition to a grain diet, then maybe corn is what you need, but if you are bringing in small-framed cattle or calves and need high-quality forage, silage variety should be a huge part of the decision. Even if Mother Nature doesn’t co-operate with your goal, producers who understand what’s going on in the field do better even in a bad year.”

Cameron can be reached at the office in Lethbridge at 403-329-4462, or mark_cameron@cargill.com.

C

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feeding weaning

BREAKING THE BOND The goal is to do it with as little stress as possible

By Debbie Furber “

I

hear it’s weaning time again,” your neighbour says when you meet on the back road the second day into what seems like non-stop bawling.

Bawling calves and cows at weaning time has been an accepted part of the beef production cycle on farms for centuries, but it doesn’t have to be that way, says animal behaviour and welfare scientist, Dr. Derek Haley of the Ontario Veterinary College at the University of Guelph.

Through the years, he and other researchers have been trying to understand the bond between a cow and her calf, and why weaning is such a stressful event in a calf’s life. Their insights have led to some alternative ways of managing weaning that are less stressful than the current industry norm of abruptly separating calves and cows.

They know abrupt weaning is stressful both for cows and calves because of the very obvious behavioural changes after separation, most notably, bawling and walking the fenceline in an attempt to reunite. If you put the pairs back together, of course, all of the fuss stops immediately.

Physiological changes have been measured in calves as well. Of primary concern is the increase in stress hormones that have been linked to suppression of the immune system.

A sustained increase in stress hormones, coupled with a change in diet, reduced feed intake and rumination and lack of rest can trigger the onset of respiratory disease and digestive upsets, especially when weaning coincides with adverse weather and/or transportation. Simply being commingled with cattle of the same age where social dominance has to be re-established adds to the stress as does the processing and handling that occurs.

Early research looked at ways to ease the transition in diet by creep feeding grain while the calves were still with the cows, and counter weather effects with indoor housing or shelter of some type.

Since the mid-1990s, researchers have started taking a closer look at ways to ease the stress of physical separation by using trainer animals, allowing fenceline contact, weaning in intervals by removing some of the cows each day, and two-stage weaning with the use of anti-sucking devices for a few days before separation.

34 Canadian cattlemen / fall 2012

The focus of the research was largely on reducing stress to get the calves off to a good start on feed, not only to improve weight gain, but also to reduce the incidence of illness and death.

As the parameters of animal welfare have become more clearly defined in recent years, weaning stress has been increasingly viewed as a welfare concern because of the severity and duration of the distress and high likelihood that weaning will cause distress, Haley explains.

Even natural weaning isn’t entirely stress free, though. The single study on natural weaning in a beef herd was done in Kenya in 1981 and it showed weaning takes place on the dam’s terms when she senses a biological need to put her resources toward ensuring the survival of her next calf.

The calf may become agitated by the cow’s refusal to let it nurse but otherwise it remains calm.

Natural weaning occurred between seven and 14 months of age as cows rejected their calves’ attempts to nurse over the course of two weeks. On average, heifer calves weaned off at 8.8 months of age and male calves at 11.2 months.

Haley presumes natural weaning in domesticated and wild animals would generally occur in response to environmental conditions in the region, more so than at a certain age, though the age may coincide with nature’s cycles, and that wild animals have evolved to cope with weaning stress.

The age of weaning within a typical North American beef herd is in the ballpark of six to nine months, however Haley contends a calf’s age is less of a stress factor than the method used to impose weaning.

Weaning systems 1. Remote abrupt separation Removing the calves from the cows and separating the two groups so they are out of sight and earshot from one another has been a common practice.

The theory is that bawling is the way cows and calves signal each other and distancing them so that they can’t respond to one another’s signals helps both adapt more quickly to separation.

With abrupt weaning, this usually takes two to three days for the cows as pressure in the udder decreases, and three or four days for the calves, either because they have adapted or because they have physically tired of bawling, not necessarily because the stress has disappeared.

Dr. Derek Haley

2. Trainer companion animals The idea behind this method is that trainer animals familiar with a pen environment would have a calming effect on newly weaned calves and show them the way to the watering bowls and feed bunks.

There is some evidence that the calves weaned into pens with trainers ate more frequently than those without trainers, but no clear benefit as far as overall weight gain or reduced sickness has been observed.

This method isn’t generally recommended on the grounds that calves may view unfamiliar trainer animals as a threat and avoid being near them.

It may meet with greater success if the calves and trainer animals have been together before weaning.

3. Fenceline weaning Haley worked with Dr. Joe Stookey at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine on a study revisiting the idea of fenceline weaning as a potential way to reduce stress. They found that abruptly separating weaned cows and calves with an escape-proof fence reduced calf bawling and walking by 50 per cent.

Surprisingly and contrary to his expectations, they rarely saw cows and calves trying to have physical contact through the fence. Simply being able to be in close proximity to one another had a calming effect on both the calves and the cows.

The key to success with this system is that the cows and calves have to be separated into adjacent pens, not into pens across the yard from

each other or on opposite sides of the barn, Haley explains. Some feel that if adjacent penning can’t be accommodated, remote separation may be the better option.

4. Two-stage weaning Haley set out to investigate whether the termination of nursing or physical separation contributed more or less to stress than the other as the topic for his doctoral thesis in 2006. His first experiment revealed significant and beneficial differences in the behavioural response of calves that had been prevented from nursing for five days prior to separation compared to abruptly weaned calves. Consequently, he redirected his research to further explore the merits of weaning in two stages as an alternative weaning system.

Two-stage weaning involves first placing a commercially available plastic nose flap on each calf to prevent nursing for three to five days before physically separating the pairs. The tongs of the nose flap fit into the calf’s nostrils so that it blocks the top of the mouth when the calf’s nose is in the nursing position, yet flips up enough to let the calf eat and drink water when it lowers its head.

The second trial involved 18 pairs, with six calves wearing nose flaps for eight days prior to weaning, another six wearing them for four days, and the remainder were the abruptly weaned control calves. At separation, all of the calves stayed behind in the two home pens (each had three animals from each treatment group) Continued on page 36 www.canadiancattlemen.ca

Continued from page 34

and the cows were moved with their pen mates to two pens within hearing range, but not within sight of the calf pens.

Haley says the results were stunning. During the first stage, the twostage pairs did vocalize slightly more than the control pairs, but upon separation, the two-stage calves bawled 97 per cent less than the control calves, and the dams of the two-stage calves called 84 per cent less.

Both the two-stage calves and cows walked the fenceline 64 per cent less (46 kilometres each) than the control calves and cows (119 kilometres each).

The two-stage calves spent 30 per cent more time eating and the twostage cows spent 13 per cent more time lying down than the controls.

It appeared that physical separation had a greater effect than preventing nursing on the behavioural response of the two-stage calves and that allowing for continued physical interaction between the cows and calves while nursing ceases, as happens in the process of natural weaning, may account for the reduced behavioural response.

“Clearly when we do both at once, it exacerbates the natural stress, Haley says. “It’s not just the same amount of calling and walking divided into two

Interval weaning Dr. John Church, assistant professor with the Department of Natural Resource Sciences at Thompson Rivers University (TRU) at Kamloops, B.C., completes the review of alternatives to abrupt weaning with a summary of his findings on interval weaning.

Interval weaning involves removing groups of cows day by day from the pasture or pen. This method was first tested with horses in the early 1990s and Church’s work on interval weaning of beef calves was initially carried out as part of a much larger study investigating the effects of production practices on the behaviour of farmed elk, bison and cattle to complete his doctorate at the University of Alberta in 1997. As such, the findings weren’t widely circulated within the beef industry at the time.

Weaning got under way at the university’s Kinsella Ranch in late October when the calves were seven to eight months old. Ten cows were removed each day for five days from one of two adjacent pastures when supplement was fed each morning. They were immediately trailered to a pasture five kilometres away.

No significant behavioural differences were observed between the calves whose dams had been removed and those still with their dams during this period. Church says that the fear of predators is a power-

36 Canadian cattlemen / fall 2012

Dr. John Church explains the results of his work comparing inter val and abrupt weaning.

stages, but the practice of doing both at the same time makes it worse.”

A series of four additional commercial-size trials involving a total of 392 pairs were carried out to determine average daily gains in calves that wore nose flaps for three days up to 14 days prior to separation. While the same beneficial effects of two-stage weaning were noted in each trial, the average daily gain of the calves across the entire study was similar for both groups. ful force and when a calf doesn’t receive a response to its call from the cow, continued bawling would only draw attention its way. The calf’s instinct is to blend in with the rest of the herd.

A few days after all 50 cows had been removed from the interval-weaning pasture, the 50 calves in the adjacent pasture were abruptly weaned by relocating their dams to the distant pasture and all 100 calves were moved to the feedlot. The interval-weaned calves were placed into three pens and the abruptly weaned calves were penned together in three pens 200 metres away to minimize disturbance.

Each pen was systematically observed from behind a blind for 24 minutes during each of three specified periods in the morning, noon and evening for two weeks.

The number of calves standing, walking, pacing the fence, lying, eating and drinking was recorded.

The calves were weighed and blood samples taken on entr y to the feedlot, day seven and day 14. The same four male and four female calves selected at random for the first blood test were used for the subsequent tests to determine the neutrophile-to-lymphocyte (N:L) ratio.

Research a few years earlier had determined that the N:L ratio is an effective indicator of chronic stress in cattle and that this hormone-induced response is a factor in the development of infectious disease in cattle.

Haley learned that when you change the weaning method, thought should also be given to what else could be done to make it as effective as possible and to implications beyond weaning. For example, providing the calves with high-quality creep feed during the time they were wearing the nose flaps would have likely set them up for improved weight gain.

Some problems with retention of the nose flaps were encountered during the The N:L ratio was higher for the abruptly weaned calves than for the intervalweaned calves, and considerably higher for the males than the females in the abruptly weaned group, but there was no significant difference overall in the body weight of the two groups at the end of the two-week period.

The better part of the day for both groups was spent eating, but the interval-weaned calves spent more time eating and significantly less time pacing than the abruptly weaned calves. The frequency of bawling wasn’t measured, although a general observation was that the abruptly weaned calves frequently bawled while pacing the perimeter of the fence and spent more time just standing by the fence looking out than the intervalweaned group.

Church suggests that the theor y of “social facilitation” likely came into play. It’s kind of like peer pressure — the behaviour of the group can affect individual behaviour, whether that be in a desirable or undesirable way. If individual animals in the inter val-weaned group experienced anxiety when their dams were removed from the pasture, the presence of familiar, calm animals dampened the effect. In the abruptly weaned group the signs of stress were exacerbated when all of the calves experienced distress simultaneously.

He believes that inter val weaning on

very first experiment. This happened when the nose flaps got bumped as the calves were withdrawing from the bale feeder or during handling. Haley suggests that returning the pairs to pasture or ensuring enough head space to prevent jostling at feeders, and avoiding overcrowding and pushing during handling should help with retention.

For more information, Haley can be reached at 519-824-4120 ext. 53677, or dhaley@uguelph.ca.

C the ranch would likely be just as successful if the pairs were familiarized with the pasture and the calves were left there after the cows had been removed, rather than moving them into feedlot pens. This did, in fact, prove to be effective in his followup study with elk.

He’s not sure how combining interval weaning with fenceline weaning would work because the calves might choose to hang out at the fence with the cows rather than with the calf group, which was the element that provided the calming effect in the study.

As for large herds, he can only speculate that splitting the herd into smaller groups may be best if you have the paddocks to do it, or you could try removing larger groups of cows every other day for ease of management.

Whichever way you work it, Church says reducing stress (and bawling) of animals at weaning would likely go a long way to ease your worries and heighten your sense of satisfaction in knowing that the animals are as content and healthy as possible given the circumstances. The bonus is that the labour and expense of fixing fence breaks and rounding up escapees could be reduced. In the big picture, effor ts to improve welfare practices enhance the beef industr y’s image overall.

For more information, contact Church at 250-828-5150.

www.canadiancattlemen.ca

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feeding crops

CORN REVISITED The Western Beef Development Centre compares the newer northern climate hybrids

By Debbie Furber

N

ew hybrid corn varieties with herbicide tolerance and improved adaptability to northern growing regions has western producers taking a second look at how corn might fit into a winter grazing program or as silage for all classes of cattle.

Dr. Bart Lardner, research scientist with the Western Beef Development

Centre (WBDC), took the tour group from the Saskatchewan Cattle Feeders Association’s feedlot management school back to the old days — 1999 to be exact — when WBDC ran its first grazing corn trial.

The variety was the hybrid Amaizing Graze. The recommended nitrogen (N) rate was 250 pounds of actual N per acre, and weed control was a huge challenge, not only because that particular crop was direct seeded into sod, but because corn doesn’t compete well with

weeds during establishment and there wasn’t a broadleaf herbicide registered for in-crop use on Amaizing Graze. Weed issues topped off by an unusually cool, wet summer cut yield to 3.5 wet tons per acre, which provided 126 grazing days per acre.

In a 2011 head-to-head winter cow grazing trial, five new hybrid corn varieties averaged out at 11.26 wet tons per acre, 4.86 dry-matter tons per acre, and 246 grazing days per acre.

This was achieved with the addition of 120 pounds actual N per acre to balance the low nitrogen and elevated phosphorus, potassium and sulphur levels present in the soil. Roundup herbicide was applied at 1.5 litres per acre 10 days after seeding.

Three Pioneer varieties, one Monsanto variety, and one Hyland variety were sown at a depth of 1.5

inches into cultivated land on June 1 using a corn planter with 30-inch row spacings. Due to the lateness of the seeding date, the seeding rate was reduced to 26,200 seeds per acre from the recommended 30,000 seeds per acre, with the expectation of improved robustness due to fewer plants competing for moisture and nutrients during a shortened growing season.

Growing season precipitation from April 1 to October 31, 2011, was 296 mm, which is just shy of the 25-year average for this area of central Saskatchewan.

A total of 2,417 crop heat units (CHU) was received during the same period. The CHU ratings for the test varieties ranged from 2,050 to 2,250.

Continued on page 40

Females grazing corn last winter averaged 246 grazing days per acre during the WBDC trials.

Pound-Maker ventures into corn Next door to the WBDC, Pound-Maker Agventures, tried corn for silage for the first time this year. The company is one of Saskatchewan’s longest-operating feedlots and an innovator in wheat ethanol production and feeding the co-products (thin stillage and wet distillers grain) on site.

Pound-Maker cattle manager Brad Welter says barley has been good to them for silage, averaging about 10 tons per acre during the past few years, but there are several reasons for wanting to give corn a try.

Corn has potential to yield more tonnage per acre than barley. Both the corn and the barley silage crops looked excellent at the end of July and he expected the barley being taken off that day would yield nine or 10 tons per acre and the corn would go 17 or 18 tons per acre by the end of the growing season.

Second, corn is a big nutrient user. If a corn crop can use up nutrients at a faster rate than a cereal crop, growing corn may allow Pound-Maker to spread manure from the feedlot on the fields more often — maybe

38 Canadian cattlemen / fall 2012

every other year. No commercial fertilizer was applied to the 300 acres of corn silage land this year.

Also, the later harvesting date relative to making barley silage will help to spread out the workload for the custom operator.

Weed control started with a burn-off before the crop was custom seeded with a corn planter at 32,000 seeds per acre on May 18. It was sprayed with glyphosate as recommended at the 0.67-litre-per-acre rate before the three-leaf stage and again before the eight-leaf stage.

Three varieties of corn (one Dekalb, one Pioneer and one BrettYoung) with crop heat unit requirements of 2,250 or lower were sown in a mix to mitigate risk.

Dekalb territory manager Al Crozon was on hand to offer some corn agronomy tips.

The value of corn as silage is in the cob because that’s where the energy is stored, therefore, the objective when sowing the crop is to maximize plant population to field potential to achieve an even stand of plants that each produce one big cob, Crozon explains.

Tillering and multiple immature cobs are signs that the plant density is too low and add nothing to silage tonnage or quality.

Skips, doubles or triples in a corn row can lower yield due to inefficient use of space.

Doubles and triples will compete for nutrients and moisture, producing smaller cobs. Skips leave spaces where another plant could be.

Proper seeding rate, speed and equipment setup can help to prevent these issues.

The recommended seeding rate is 28,000 to 32,000 seeds per acre depending on field conditions, such as moisture and fertility.

Maintaining a seeding rate of 30,000 seeds per acre with uniform spacing of about six inches between plants in rows 30 inches apart is an ideal starting point for corn silage.

Although many producers are successfully using air seeders, achieving even spacing is the biggest challenge, Crozon says. If you are serious about corn acres and getting the most for your investment in growing it, he suggests looking into buying a corn planter or hiring a custom planter because that’s how important proper spacing is to successfully growing corn for silage.

Seeding depth of 1.5 to two inches is important because shallower seed placement will cause poor root development, including improper support from the brace roots, and there is always the risk of the soil drying out before the seed germinates properly. Sowing deeper than two inches could delay seedling emergence.

Fertility has to be top notch or you may as well grow something else, he adds. The recommended rate for silage corn is seven to 14 pounds of actual N for ever y ton of dr y matter per acre you want to produce. With good moisture, you can aim for the high end of the recommended seeding rate as long as you bump up the fertility accordingly.

The soil temperature at seeding is more critical than the seeding date. Cold soil temperature for the first 72 hours after seeding while the seed is taking up moisture will disrupt cells and really delay germination, Crozon explains. Once the soil temperature is 6 C to 8 C and you see a stretch of warm weather for at least 72 hours, go for it. You’ll be fine for maximum germination and heat unit capture.

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Dr. Bart Lardner Continued from page 38

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The ratings are based on CHUs from May 15 to the first -3 C frost.

Sufficient CHU are required to achieve adequate cob and kernel development, which is all important because that’s where most of the plants’ energy (and the value of corn as a cattle feed) is stored.

All test varieties showed good cob development by the end of the 2011 growing season, with black layer development in the kernels obvious for all varieties. The black layer within the base of the kernel is an indication of physiological maturity.

Lardner points out that even with greater selection in low CHU varieties nowadays, the potential to receive low CHU during the growing season and corn’s susceptibility to late-summer frosts are still two big risks associated with growing corn in northern regions.

The 50 cows turned out to graze the first variety on November 19 averaged 1,580 pounds and 2.57 for body condition score. The last variety was grazed by 89 cows to bring the trial to an end on February 27, 2012. Grazing days and head counts were tracked for each variety to calculate the grazing days per acre.

The varieties were separated with high-tensile electric fences and grazing was controlled using cross-fences of poly wire on rebar posts moved every two to four days.

Corn is a nutrient-dense feed that can definitely add condition to cows, Lardner says, but it needs to be managed to optimize nutrition and economics. If left to graze the whole field, cattle will eat the cobs first and then the leaves before touching the stalks.

40 Canadian cattlemen / fall 2012

WBDC managed the allotments so that the cows consumed the whole plant, leaving five to 10 per cent of the stalk as residue.

Producers expressed concerns about cows becoming too fat as well as health issues, such as founder and grain overload. Lardner says WBDC hasn’t seen those problems with corn grazing, but offers some tips to help reduce worries.

It’s best to control access to the feed in three-day allotments and five days at the most. Try to make sure the cows are full before letting them into a new section, or let them into new half-day allotment and back graze the one they are finishing. Setting out a good-quality hay bale to offer variety is another option. It’s also important to provide a good source of water and a mineralsalt package.

The key points for using electric wire to control access include training the cows to the electric fence beforehand, trampling a path with a vehicle for each cross-fence before setting it up to prevent plants from falling onto the wire, and setting up a second fence one section ahead of where the cows are grazing as a safety precaution and to speed up the moving process.

Results Overall, yields were good and the total digestible nutrients (TDN, energy) and crude protein (CP) levels of all varieties were sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of dry, pregnant beef cows. The recommendation for a 1,500-pound pregnant beef cow in the second trimester is 7.8 per cent CP and 50 per cent TDN. Continued on page 42 www.canadiancattlemen.ca

BALOG AUCTION SERVICES INC. JOHN ANDROKOVICH ESTATE LETHBRIDGE, ALBERTAALBERTA “Working For You – Working With You” LETHBRIDGE, UPCOMING SPECIAL STOCK COW & BRED HEIFER SALES FARM

KAY WYNDER ANNUAL CHINOOK FARMS BRED HEIFER SALE COMPLETE Monday, Nov 19, 2012 - 1:00 pm Monday, Nov 26, 2012 - 1:00 pm RANCH COW BALOG COW PALACE, LETHBRIDGE, AB BALOG COW PALACE, LETHBRIDGE, AB FEATURING: FEATURING: DISPERSAL IONS – From Lethbridge: East on HWY 3 to RGE RD 21-1 (Howe Road) then South 4 1/2 kms to TWP RD 8-4,– FANCY 0.8 kmsHOME East.

LEE & SUSAN VAN BUSKIRK – 100 – FANCY SPECIAL STOCK COW & BRED HEIFER SALE

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300 PLUS 2WD TRACTORS REGISTERED TANDEM TRUCKS FEMALES ON OFFER ONE OF THE GREAT COW UTILITY TRACTORS HERDS ON THE CONTINENT

el tractor, 7015 HRS, PTO, 3 Hydraulics, 8 Front Weights, uals (SN)P010054R esel Tractor, Cab, 3239 HRS, PTO, 3 Hydraulics, 10 Front al Duals

y Tractor, Canopy, 3460 HRS, 3PH, PTO, 2 hydraulics, Front s (good) (SN)385679 Excellent Popular Tractor y Tractor, 3PH, PTO, 2 Hydraulics, 4 speed hi/low trans., 4-26 Backs, 7.5-15 Fronts

el Combine c/w MF 9001 Header & Victory Super 8 PU, nsions, straw chopper, 24.5-32 Fronts, New 12.4-24 Backs

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KLEIN FARMS (GORDON & CATHY KLEIN & FAMILY) LUNDBRECK, AB AIR DRILL el Combine c/w MF 9001 Header & Victory Super 8 PU, COMPLETE PUREBRED & COMMERper, 24.5-32 Fronts, 11.2-24 Backs (SN)17648 1 - 1995 Flexi-coil 5000 39’ Air Drill (SN)P059740, 9” spacing, only 1 season on bine c/w Victory PU header & straw chopper points c/w Flexi-coil 2320 Cart (SN)P058572 Like new popular machine CIAL COW DISPERSAL ht cut headers c/w header transports t cut header c/w header transport Saturday, Dec 1, 2012SPRAYER - 1:00 pm

1 - 2000 Flexi-coil 67XL 110’ Field Sprayer, 1250 gal tank, wind screens, hydraulic markers, 18.4-26 rubber (SN)A0-U089809 Like new!

FEATURING:

AUGERS & TANKS

Plus 37 Young Black Angus & 8 Young Red Angus Bulls

1997 Ford F250 HD 4x4, Automatic, 168,000kms (VIN)1FTHF26H8VEC94106 Dodge 300 Service Van (runs) 16’ tandem axle flat deck trailer (brand new deck, good rubber) 20’ 4 wheel wooden flat deck trailer

BALOG COW PALACE, LETHBRIDGE, AB

1 - Flexi-coil System 95 48’ Harrow Packer Bar (SN)H015717 1 - Morris CP-743 Cultivator c/w Extended Harrow, rear hitch 1 - Rite Way 48’ Harrow Packer Bar 1 - Hutch Master 24’ Hydraulic Double Disc c/w Friggstad extended Harrows, rear hitch 2 - IHC 150 14’ Hoe drills c/w hitch & fertilizer boxes 1 - MF 128 28’ Cultivator c/w Extended Harrows 1 - 20’ Graham Holme Hydraulic Cultivator 1 - 12’ Graham Holme Hydraulic Cultivator 1 - Melroe 923 7 Bottom Hydraulic Plow 1 - Noble 24’ Blade, spring hitch, rock pans 1 - Noble 35’ wing type Blade, spring hitch, rock pans 1 - Noble 24’ Crazy harrows 2 - Noble Straight Blades (14’ & 12’) 1 - Ashland 60D Hydraulic Earth Mover, 2.5 yard (SN)14874 1 - Kirchner 10’ Hydraulic Land Leveler 2 - Kirchner Hydraulic Ditcher 1 - 3PH Ditch Filler 1 - Morris B3-36 Multiplex 1 - Gandy 430 24’ Hydraulic Applicator

FEATURING: • 80 - 1st Calf Heifers • 300 - 2nd Calvers • 300 - 3rd Calvers • 370 - 4th to 7th Calvers

1 - 1991 Freightliner Tandem Truck, Detroit 60 Series Diesel Engine, 18 Speed, 410 Rear End c/w 20’ steel box & hoist, roll tarp, remote control end gate, 11R24.5 rubber, Beautiful well kept Truck (VIN)1FUYZSEB8ML443539 1 - 1998 Freightliner Tandem Truck, 3406 Cat Engine, 15 Speed c/w 20’ steel box & hoist, roll tarp, new 11R24.5 Rubber, Air Ride, Nice & clean (VIN)2FUPYXYB7JV285101 1 - 1982 GMC 7000 Tandem Truck, 427 Gas, 5+4 Transmission c/w 20’ steel box & hoist, roll tarp, good 10.00R20 rubber (VIN)1GDN7D4E1CV593143 1 - 1966 Mercury 750 Full Tandem, 5+4 trans. c/w 18’ wood box & hoist 1 - 1966 Ford 700 3 Ton, 5+2 trans. c/w 14’ steel box & hoist

For More Info Call Darryl Anderson (403) 653-1385 or MBINES & HEADERS Toll Free 1-866-818-6020 el Combine c/w MF 9001 Header & Swath Master Draper TRUCKS & TRAILERS

extensions, straw chopper, Big 24.5-32 Fronts, New 12.4-

Monday, Oct 22, 2012 - 1:00 PM Monday, Oct 29, 2012 - 1:00 PM Monday, Nov 5, 2012 - 1:00 PM & FIELD Monday,TILLAGE Nov 12, 2012EQUIPMENT - 1:00 PM Monday, Nov 19, 2012 - 1:00 PM

1 - 1998 Premier 2930 Diesel swather c/w 25’ MacDon 972 Harvest header w/PU Reel, 1853 HRS, Cummins Diesel, New 21.5L-16.1 Front Tires (SN)117229 Excellent Machine 1 - Hesston 8100 Diesel Swather, 1410 HRS, c/w 21’ header & PU reel, DSA and Keer Shear 1 - Versatile 400 Hydrostatic 20’ SP Swather 1 - Case IH 725 PTO Swather 1 - Case IH 730 PTO Swather 1 - 8’ swath roller 1 - 6’ swath roller

BALOG COW PALACE, LETHBRIDGE, AB

l tractor c/w JD 260 FEL & Big Bucket (new cutting blade), 1000 PTO, 2 Hydraulics, 18.4R38 Backs, 13.6R28 Fronts

/w Westward Melroe 388 PU

CALF HEIFERS (3/4 RED ANGUS – 1/4 SIMMENTAL)

5 Days - One for Each Pasture • Majority Are Solid Black With A Few Bwf, Bulls To Calve Mid January Solid RedsRECEIVED & Red Brockles HAVING INSTRUCTIONS, WE WILL SELL AT AUCTION THE FOLLOWING: *200 Cows Each Day* • Reputation – Top Quality Heifers from • Cows Are 2nd To 6th Calvers an Outstanding Outfit • Black Angus Bulls Put In June 26/2012 • You won’t want to miss this one – • Very Fancy Ranch Cows • Also Selling 3 Black Angus Breeding Bulls Plan to attend

4WD Tractor, 360 HP, 2890 HRS, Standard Shift, 4 4.5R32 Radial Duals (SN)JEE0036651 Beautiful Big

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1050 FANCY YOUNG NOVEMBER 27, 2008, RANCH COWS

COMPLETE DISPERSAL 120 FANCY RANCH COWS

1 1 1 1 3 1 1

-

Brandt 1370 PTO Swing Auger (like new) Westfield MK80-61 PTO Swing Auger Keho Airflow Bin Fan, single phase 1200 gal portable 4 wheel water cart, poly tank c/w Honda 5 HP water pump 125 gal slip tanks w/ electric pump 500 gal propane tank on cart 1000 gal steel tank

* Cows will Start Calving IRRIGATION & GEN SETS April 1, 2013 45m/l - 7”x30’ main line 10m/l - 4”x40’ hand move 1 - pipe trailer 2 - Irrigation guns on wheels

* 80% of the Cows are Black Angus

* These are Ranch Cows That Look After & Calve

By Themselves

WESTWOOD LAND & CATTLE MOOSOMIN, SK COMPLETE COW DISPERSAL

2 - Chev 350 Pumping Units, Natural Gas, 6”, (one w/ Monarch Pump) (one with Berkley pump - completely reconditioned) - large quanity of intakes, valve openers, end plugs, couplers & irrigation hoses 1 - Lombardini Gen Set on cart w/ fuel tank (SN)1858707 1 - Duetz Diesel Gen Set on cart w/ fuel tank

Thursday, Nov 29, & 2012 - 1:00 pm COLLECTIBLE TRUCKS TRACTORS BALOG COW PALACE, LETHBRIDGE, AB

1 - 1949 Mercury M47 1/2 ton, step side short box 1 - 1951 Mercury M-1 1/2 ton, V8, short box 1 - 1953 Ford F100 1/2 ton, V8 Flathead, short box step side 1 - 1956 GMC 9300 step side short box 1 - 1966 Mercury 100 1/2 ton, Twin I Beam, Custom cab, V8, little rust (runs) 5 - Mercury 100 1/2 tons, Twin I Beam, Custom Cab, V8 (1-1962, 2-1965, 21966) 1 - IHC McCormick Farmall Super M Tractor, PTO, good 13.6/12-38 rubber (doesn’t run) 1 - JD steel wheel wooden manure spreader

FEATURING: 850 BLACK ANGUS RANCH COWS

• 1st Calvers to Mature Cows • Bred to Easy Calving High Performace Bulls QUAD To & Calve YARDApril EQUIPMENT 1st/2013 1 - Honda Fourtrax ES 4x4 Quad • Bred Simmental & Black Max Bulls 1 - Honda XR200to Dirt Angus, Bike, rebuilt engine, runs good 1 - JD 10 steel garden wagon • Full Health Program 1 - Howse 5’ rotary Mower One of the Great Sets of Reputation Ranch 2 - Yamaha Golf Carts (1 for parts) Cows Sell This Fall SHOP TOOL &toMISCELLANOUS Energair 1 Air Compressor w/ 5.5HP Honda, Portable Arch 250 Welder, Drill Press, impact wrenches, floor jacks, bench grinder, vises, socket sets, wrench sets, hammers, screwdrivers, files, post mall, extension cords, shop vac, hyd. Jacks, crescent wrenches, punches, chisels, clamps, heavy long chains, shovels, forks, brooms, jack all jacks, acetylene welder, funnels, grease guns, New 18.4-34 Tractor Tire, Aluminum Loading Ramp, 25m/l railroad ties, quantity wood fence post, cattle oiler, floating rod, truck box trailer, wooden box utility trailer, quantity bin parts, truck tool box, 2 - 8’x10’ wooden tool sheds on wood skids,6’x20’ steel truck box storage container, 7’x53’ semi trailer stroage container, Chev 50 storage bus, plus much, much more.

BHR RANCHES, MILK RIVER, AB GENETIC RESOURCE FEMALE SALE

Monday, Dec 3, 2012 - 1:30 pm BALOG COW PALACE, LETHBRIDGE, AB

FEATURING: • 30 – Fancy, Young Purebred Horned 150 FANCY YOUNG Hereford Cows • 8 – Bred Purebred Heifers RANCH FEMALES • 30 – Young Excellent Commercial • 90 – 2nd & 3rd Calving Straight Bred Hereford & Crossbred Cows Hereford Females Bred to Doenz, • 7 – Bred Commercial Heifers ** John Vandeurzer is 79 years old and Calrams & Corbiell Horned Hereford Bulls • 30 – Powerful 2012 Purebred • 30 – Solid Black 2nd Calving Angus Females Hereford Calves runs the Ranch by himself. His health • 6 – Yearling Bulls Bred To Corbiell Hereford Bulls has - cheque, thusbank thedraftreason for thischeque or a signed commitment • 2settlement – Herd MUST Bullsbe made on the date of the auction sale. Terms red to register prior to the auction sale or prior to bidding. Full are failed cash, certified and approved company a financial Anyone issuing an NSF X or • 30 – from Solid Blackinstitution.

1st Calf Black Angus eque will be liable for inconvenience and legal fees.Of Upon purchase of merchandise, it becomes remains at the risk of the buyer. All merchandise will be sold on an “AS IS - WHERE IS” basis without warranty or recourse. Neither BALOG One The Reputation Cow Herds In the sole responsibility of the buyer and tremendous dispersal Simmental Heifers Bred To Benchmark Black S nor the consignor shall be responsible for loading, any loss or damage whatsoever to any items. All items left by the buyer shall be subject to removal and/or storage fees at the sole discretion of the BALOG AUCTION SERVICES. All items shall be available for examination by Western Canada!! ior to the sale, but neither BALOG AUCTION SERVICES nor the consignor will be responsible for any errors in description or condition, authenticity or for default in or concerning any items. Please inspect all merchandise before bidding. No item willBulls be released or removed until Angus For More Info Call Gordon Klein (403) 628-3249 or has been made. All sales are final. No bidder shall retract his bid. Any dispute arising as to any bidding, shall be determined by the auctioneer at their discretion. In case of dispute the item shall be put up for advance bids and should there be no advance bid the buyer will be Balog Auction (403)320-1980 Info Contact Auction m the auctioneer accepted the last bid. All announcements from the auction block supercede every other information either written or oral. All sales final. Neither the owners nor the auctioneers are responsible forFor errors More in description or condition.

Listing isBalog to be considered only

T TO ADDITIONS AND DELETIONS AND PRIOR SALE.

OG

Check out our website for more info: www.balogauction.comBox 786 • Lethbridge, Alberta FOR COMPLETE LISTINGS & PICTURES: www.balogauction.com • Toll Free 1-877-320-1988 • Phone 403-320-1980

LOUIS BALOG 331-0611

Box 786 Lethbridge, Alberta Company Licence 109042

Company Licence 109042 E-MAIL: sold@balogauction.com

“The Complete Auction Service” North America Toll Free 1-877-320-1988

WEBSITE: www.balogauction.com

E-MAIL: sold@balogauction.com

Phone 320-1980 Company Licence 109042

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MARK LENZ 330-7600

BRAD BALOG 642-7444

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When: Nov. 12th, 13th & 14th, 2012

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Continued from page 40

2011 Hybrid Corn Grazing Trial Results Varieties Heat units DM , % Tons/acre, wet Tons/acre, DM Sept., CP, % — Whole plant — Leaves — Grain & cob Sept., TDN, % — Whole plant — Leaves — Grain and cob Nov., whole only, CP % Nov., whole only, TDN, % Seed cost* Total seeding cost per acre** Grazing days Plot size (acres) Days per acre*** $/head/day**** $/lb. DM yield

P7443R 2100 40.1 11.8 4.75

DKC 27-54 2175 50.3 11.4 5.74

P7535R 2100 37.0 10.9 4.04

HLSR06 2250 38.1 10.8 4.13

P7213R 2050 49.4 11.4 5.64

7.8 7.4 12.3

7.7 13.1 10.9

6.4 12.0 11.4

8.1 13.6 12.9

7.0 13.0 11.2

69.7 49.7 89.3 7.7 62.1 $85.09 $217.54 1893 6.2 305 $0.71 $0.023

70.8 60.6 90.3 8.5 63.0 $82.50 $214.96 1755 6.8 258 $0.83 $0.019

68.6 60.5 90.1 8.7 64.7 $90.71 $223.17 2070 6.5 318 $0.70 $0.028

69.2 59.7 89.8 9.7 66.5 $73.13 $205.58 810 5.6 145 $1.42 $0.025

68.7 55.1 90.8 6.7 57.1 $79.84 $212.29 1068 5.2 205 $1.03 $0.019

DM= dry matter; CP=crude protein; TDN=total digestible nutrients * 80,000-seed bags; $220/bag Dekalb; $195/bag Hyland; $212.90 P7213R; $226.90 P7443R; $241.90 P7535R ** Other seeding costs were the same for all varieties and included two harrowing operations, cultivating, fertilizer, fertilizing, seeding, Roundup and spraying, with labour and equipment costs charged at custom rates. *** grazing days per acre = total grazing days (number of cattle X grazing days) divided by acres in the plot **** $/head/day = crop production cost divided by grazing days per acre

The results table shows that two of the varieties, HLSR06 and P7213R, finished the trial at costs per head per day significantly higher than the other three. The cost per head per day was calculated by dividing the seeding cost by the grazing days per acre.

Seeding cost was not a factor because those two varieties cost the least to seed, however, grazing days per acre were lowest for those two varieties as well.

Feed quality wasn’t an issue being adequate across all varieties, as was yield. Even though the dry-matter yield of HLSR06 was on the lower end, it was greater than that of P7535R, which came in with the lowest cost per head per day. The dry-matter yield of P7213R was among the highest and, on a cost per pound of dry matter, it and DKC 27-54 came in the lowest at $0.019 per pound.

Something was at play that caused the cows to consume HLSR06 and P7213R more quickly than the other varieties. Even with controlled access, the cows would not have been held in an allotment without feed just for the sake of sticking to the trial schedule.

Lardner suspects that it may have been due to differences in palatability between the varieties, there may have been more or fewer cobs per plant present, or the weather may have been colder on certain days when the cows were grazing certain varieties. This is why it’s important to repeat the study over several years.

Taking a closer look at the variables that affect the economics of grazing these new hybrid corn varieties will be part of a new three-year study at WBDC. One site has been split into fields of Monsanto grazing corn and Ranger barley to compare the economics of wintering cows by grazing standing corn to that of swath grazing barley.

Baled Ranger barley greenfeed fed in a pen will be the control.

A second site has been sown to Pioneer grazing corn and Ranger barley to continue to evaluate extensive wintering systems for backgrounding calves compared to drylot pen feeding. Swath grazing millet and barley proved to be viable approaches in a trial that ran from 2008 through 2010. The current trial will evaluate the potential for grazing standing corn and look at whether it needs to be cut for swath grazing to ensure adequate intake.

Grazing animal intake will also be evaluated to determine feed efficiency of these crops in an extensive winter grazing system, which is more typical than drylot feeding in C Western Canada.

42 Canadian cattlemen / fall 2012

1:00 PM at the ranch –7 mi. East of Irma on Hwy 14 or 11 mi. West of Wainwright

SALE

SALE

SALE

conrad and Emerson-Janel-Jessica-blair and Gray-becky-doris-Lori-dalee and Prior-Al

doris on ben, 7 yr old sale gelding, in her 98th year checking out the sale bulls.

the FENtON HEREFORd RANcH FAMILy on Sale Geldings

ChANCE 7 YR OLD SALE GELDING

FE 24U RED SKYLINE 9Y

FE 24U RED SKYLINE 26Y

SALE OFFERING:

FE 43T EmPEROR 66Y

50 LONG yEARLING buLLS 30 bREd REGIStEREd HEIFERS 50 bREd HEREFORd cOMMERcIAL HEIFERS 12 2012 FOALS (bLuES, bLAckS, buckSkINS, bAy ROANS) 6 bROkE RANcH GELdINGS

FE 43T EmPEROR 172Y

• Performance and Carcass Data available on all bulls • All bulls have been DNA tested and are guaranteed free of all known defects

FE 152S FRONTLINE 54Y

Sale can be viewed online with DLmS

ROCK 7 YR OLD SALE GELDING

Visit www.fentonherefordranch.com to view catalogue Al & Lori Fenton becky & curtis Phone/Fax: 780-754-2384 cell: 780-842-7806

conrad & Janel Fenton dalee & Prior & Emerson Phone: 780-754-3321 cell: 780-209-3600

blair & Jessica Fenton Gray & tayva Phone: 780-754-2891 cell: 780-336-6798

Email: fentonherefordranch@gmail.com www.fentonherefordranch.com box 479, Irma, Ab t0b 2H0

7 mi. E. of Irma on Hwy. #14 or 11 mi. W. of Wainwright - Look for Hereford Sign

feeding equipment

FEEDING ADVANTAGE GOES UNDER THE HOOP By debbie furber

I

f it’s not too hot, it’s too cold; if it’s not too wet, it’s too dry; and if it’s just right, it’s likely too windy. That’s weather. No matter how closely you keep your eye on the sky there’s not a thing you can do about it except prepare.

The Hoop Beef System, founded

by Iowa cattle feeder and veterinarian Robert Bryant, takes the weather out of the picture, but there’s more to it than just putting a roof over top of the cattle, says systems consultant Tim Bickett.

The system is about the balance between square footage per head, natural ventilation for that square footage, and manure (bedding pack) management at that stocking rate to create a consistent environment.

Cattle with dry, clean hair coats in a consistent, comfortable environment are able to meet their genetic potential for growth given the appropriate feed for their stage of development. The company’s records and those from feeders who have purchased Hoop Beef Systems show that the system improves feed efficiency by 15 to 17 per cent, average daily gain by 14 per cent and carcass yield by 1.5 per cent for an overall advantage today of US$150 per head compared to U.S. MidWest industry averages.

Grand Meadow Feeders, the company’s 1,960-head research and development facility on the Bryant family farm near Washta, Iowa, has realized a profit on every pen from startup in 2009 to date. Pen closeouts in 2011 averaged US$225 per head to the good, while Iowa State University statistics show finished steer returns in the red for most of that time period, dipping below the line to $150 per head at times last year.

The improved feed efficiency and gains in the Hoop Beef System are in part due to fine-tuned feed rations, but given the feeding expertise in the industry today, the difference can be largely attributed to cattle comfort.

Cattle with clean, dry hair coats don’t have to expend extra energy to maintain core body functions when the ambient temperature is between 19 F and 85 F, Bickett explains. For every degree outside of that range, one per cent more energy is required to keep warm or stay cool. If the hair coat is wet, the critical temperature at which additional energy is required is 60 F. The company has customers across 44 Canadian cattlemen / fall 2012

11 states from North Dakota, south to Tennessee who find that the temperature under the hoop stays within the ideal range most of the time.

The Hoop Beef structure is a tarpaulin-covered, Quonset-style building. The original system is a wooden post and bunk design, 36 feet wide with a four-foot awning over the feed bunk to prevent feed spoilage.

The new Hoop Beef Choice has a metal frame with concrete bunks, a bit more width for added flexibility, and a wider opening along the feed bunk to accommodate largesize feeding equipment. The recommended maximum stock density for both is one head per running foot and they can be built in lengths suited to your operation.

Sited with an east-west orientation and the sheltered bunk to the south, the design draws on the dynamic of natural airflow for ventilation. A ridge vent runs the full length of the building and adjustable side flaps create a cooling airflow of five to six miles per hour in the summer even without wind. Complete air turnover every seven to 10 minutes removes steam to prevent frost buildup on the inside of the structure during the winter.

The bedding pack is another key element that keeps the system functioning properly and promotes cattle comfort and health. It sits on a packed dirt base covered with a thick layer of crushed limestone that runs the entire length of the north side of the building.

Cattle are bedded as needed using a bale processor to blow the straw through the bunk side. Approximately one 1,100-pound corn stalk bale per head capacity is required annually.

The cement bunk aprons are scraped off about twice a week on average with three swipes of a skid steer to push manure out the steel rollup doors at each end.

The gates that divide the bunk area for each pen swing back to create a clear alleyway along the bunk to make quick work of shuffling cattle into their bedding areas during scraping and moving them in and out of the facility.

The bedding packs are cleaned out once or twice a year depending on the operation. The solid manure is spread directly onto cropland, or stockpiled in keeping with local regulations during the growing season.

Under U.S. regulations, the Hoop Beef System eliminates the need for a lagoon because the structure prevents run-off water from picking up

nutrients and particulates from the manure pack. Bickett puts the cost of lagoon construction for a typical 5,000-head capacity outdoor lot at about $1.5 million. About 52 acres would be required for the pens and lagoon, while a Hoop Beef System with the same capacity would require about 16 acres.

Cost considerations Moving some or all of your cattle under a roof is a major decision and a major investment, Bickett says. He sticks to a basic formula when helping customers design a Hoop Beef System to fit their needs, budget and type of cattle. The cost of construction, plus the cost of operation, cannot exceed the cattle performance benefit.

The cost of the Hoop Beef package is about $9 per square foot, or $432 per head of capacity, plus local concrete and labour costs. Most producers do the construction themselves, some work with local contractors, and others prefer to be hands off.

The company supplies the complete package including the blueprint, building materials, bunks, waterers and gates as well as construction advice, nutrition advice and consulting services.

Though the system was designed with backgrounding and finishing cattle in mind, it’s quite suitable for cowcalf operations. The key to making it economically feasible is keeping it operating at full capacity, Bickett says.

One option is to use it year round for your cow-calf operation, thus eliminating the need for pasture resources.

This could be a sustainable alternative in areas prone to forage shortages, or where affordable grazing land is difficult to come by due to competition for land from the grain sector, or industrial and urban development. Feeding grain crop residues and byproducts, and co-products from ethanol production to cows helps utilize the land base to its fullest potential.

If you’ve been thinking of increasing your herd size, Bickett will help you crunch the numbers to determine whether retaining your own calves in a Hoop Beef System could be a more efficient way to increase your income than adding more cows. Alternatively, you could buy in some feeders and turn a profit on them while the cows are on pasture.

Bickett highly recommends touring Grand Meadow Feeders, which runs an open house each spring and tours every Tuesday afternoon. A private tour of it or the Hoop Beef System

Tim Bickett

nearest you can be arranged as well.

There are systems ranging in size from 80 to 4,000 head operating feeding out a total of approximately 100,000 head annually.

You won’t be on your own after the building is up and running, Bickett promises. He has more than 20 years of production experience with emphasis on nutrition and cattle management to add to the rest of the team’s combined 80 years of experience.

The company has recently introduced a Premium Advantage Member Services program to provide consultative services in nutrition, record-keeping, cattle procurement and marketing programs for Hoop Beef Systems customers who enrol.

Future of producing high-quality beef Bickett identifies weather, price and market risk, labour, land use and environmental regulations as some of the major challenges facing the beef industry now and going forward. He has seen how the Hoop Beef System offers viable solutions to those challenges while increasing the profitability and sustainability of producing high-quality beef. Clean water stays clean. Maintaining a consistent environment yields consistent and predictable results, which in turn makes it possible to manage risk. Labour efficiency is improved with one person able to manage 1,200 head, and operations have been able to grow without increasing feed resources.

The beef industry has reduced the amount of feed needed to produce a pound of beef by 20 per cent since 1977. The Hoop Beef System could increase efficiencies by another 20 per cent, making it possible for U.S. producers to feed approximately six million more cattle on the same amount of feed used today.

C For more information contact Hoop Beef Systems at 605-741-0121, Bickett at 605670-5294, email info@hoopbeef.com., or visit the website at www.hoopbeef.com.

www.canadiancattlemen.ca

They have already built Quonsets that handle from 80 to 4,000 head.

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SEE YOU IN 2013!

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AAA SPONSORS • Bank Of Montreal • Sun-Dial Livestock • Hi-Pro Feeds

AA SPONSORS • Alert Agri Distributors • City Packers Feedlot • Livestock Export Services • CIBC • Western Finacial Group • AFSC • ATB • GrowSafe Systems Ltd / Cowgirl Cattle Company • KCL Cattle Company

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LUNCH SPONSORS • Kasko Livestock • City Packers Ltd. • Livestock Export Services

HOLE SPONSORS • 2W Livestock Equip Ltd • Acclaim Hotel • Adams Ranch • Ag.Value Group • AJM Seeds • Alberta Beef Producers • Alberta Cattle Feeders Association • Alberta Hereford Association • Bar 4 Bar Land & Cattle • Bruce Farms • Can Simmental Assoc • Canada Beef Inc

• CanFax • CattleHedging.com • Cattlex Ltd • Davies Livestock Co. Ltd • Elanco Animal Health • Highway 21 Feeders • Jacobson Livestock farms • Laidlaw Ranching • Linus Ag Services • MNP LLP • Monarch Feeders • NWCBP • P Bar 3 Veterinary • Porter & MacLean Lvsk • Shorts Consulting

• Suncore Energy • Takeda Feeding Co Ltd • TFS Expanse • Trans-Canada Pipeline • Unipro International • Vanee Livestock Ltd • Veno Ranches • Veterinary Agri-Health Services • Pritchard & Co

MEDIA • Canadian Cattlemen Magazine • Alberta Beef Magazine • Sask Beef Magazine

feeding disease

How to deal with Atypical (Allergic) (Acute) Interstitial Pneumonia

By Roy Lewis DVM

I

n the past several years our practice has seen a number of these pneumonias as sudden deaths in healthy mature cows and bulls.

These lung conditions crop up as rather sporadic conditions in late summer to early fall of the year.

Acute interstitial pneumonia is the one we see commonly in more mature feedlot cattle but for our purposes these three pneumonias have the same signs and attempts at treatment.

Atypical interstitial pneumonia (AIP) also known as “fog fever” is characterized by extremely enlarged lungs from both edema and emphysema where fluid and air, respectively, are trapped inside. The mature cattle have great difficulty breathing and fairly quickly die of asphyxiation.

This condition is generally associated with a recent change to a better-quality lush pasture. It is often experienced sporadically in one or two animals but can occur as an outbreak. The usual time for occurrence is 10 days after pasture turnout. The mortality rate is very high of those affected and when we see these much expanded lungs on autopsy it is easy to see why treatment is often futile.

Antihistamines, non-steroidal antiinflamatories and diuretics to remove the excess fluid are recommended.

Antibiotics are given even though it is not caused by an infection to prevent secondary infections in the lungs.

No treatment gives ideal results and recovered cattle may suffer from longterm emphysema with reduced lung capacity. Because cattle are at pasture and one doesn’t expect pneumonia in cows this disease catches farmers

off guard. If you do have one case diagnosed be on the lookout for additional cases.

If found alive, cows or bulls will have extended necks accompanied by open mouth breathing. There may be fluid or froth production and the stress of treatment can be enough to cause collapse and death.

It has been found that a specific amino acid found in forages when converted leads to this AIP or allergic type of pneumonia. If one case has been diagnosed or a pasture has had this disease in the past it is best Cross Lock Fence

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to prevent its occurrence by turning cattle into new pastures full and having some dry feed on hand to make the transition easier. Allowing ever increasing time for grazing and increasing this over several days is ideal but in most cow-calf operations this is easier said then done. Pretreatment with ionophores also helps reduce the incidence on problem pastures.

The consumption of ionophores more specifically Rumensin or Bovatec prevents this amino acid conversion and significantly reduces the incidence.

Ionophores need to be started at least one day before the pasture change is made and continued for a minimum 10 days. To use these products your veterinarian may need to script them into minerals or grain.

With clinical exams or post mortems on affected cases your veterinarian will rule out other conditions such as lungworms, a true allergy to something like penicillin or a severe bee sting causing edema or the BRSV virus. All must be ruled out so the proper treatment can be given. Generally veterinarians have no trouble differentiating these on a gross postmortem and this is key to establishing the true diagnosis.

If you find cows, bulls or feedlot cattle in respiratory distress from this disease they can be emergency slaughtered as there is usually no fever and the cause is not infectious. The key is finding them in time, as death can be quite sudden.

By proper pasture management and pretreating with the ionophores in known problem pastures one can curb this sudden killer. It is often your best doing cow or bull which is affected and although not proven I personally have seen this run in family lines pointing to a possible genetic predisposition. With the poor response to treatment, prevention is really the only way to go and is a fairly cheap fix, all things considered.

C www.canadiancattlemen.ca

BUILDING TRUST IN CANADIAN BEEF

On-farm standards critical for handling medicated feed and water It’s an issue of growing importance with beef consumers Feed records are a bit of a boring topic. But the reality is, few issues today have the potential to attract public attention and wreak havoc for a beef producer and their industry like the mishandling of medicated feed and water.

The expectations are dead clear. Medications allowed for use are listed in the COMPENDIUM OF MEDICATING INGREDIENTS BROCHURE (MIB) published by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency. A veterinary feed prescription is required for anything that varies from the list in that brochure.

Managing the mixing of medicated feeds requires planning and properly working equipment. Good

VBP helps ensure people understand and undertake responsible feeding practices.

records help protect you as a producer. Keep veterinary feed prescriptions for extra-label feed or water medications for a minimum of two years.

When using wood chips or shavings for bedding, record written or verbal assurance that inappropriate wood preservatives were not used.

The Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for handling medicated feed and water is outlined in the Verified Beef Production (VBP) program producer manual. Here’s a quick checklist of the four key areas of importance.

Receiving, storing medicated feed That starting point for all of this is when medicated inputs are received. People who will be delivering medicated feed or ingredients must know the unloading and storage requirements. Written evidence of unloading instructions, for example on a feed invoice, should be kept on file.

At delivery, materials should be cross checked with ration or prescription to ensure the correct materials have been received. Medicated ingredients need separate and clearly labelled storage to avoid cross-contamination. And augers or other handling equipment must be flushed or cleaned after use.

Mixing medicated feed and water Accuracy is the critical aspect of mixing. Scales must be suitable and tested for accuracy once a year.

People doing the mixing need to know proper record keeping. If ingredients are mixed by hand, the system needs to be able to measure accurately. And a system must be in place to flush or clean equipment and use flushed feeds so as not to inadvertently feed to unintended cattle.

Feeding medicated feed or water Cattle need to be identified in a way that ensure medicated feed can be delivered and records kept that make it easy to show products were used according to label directions.

Records should include: ration, medicated ingredient or product, amount fed, date, and pen or group identification. Equipment used for medicated feeds must be cleaned or flushed to avoid cross contamination, or a system of sequencing is used.

Check both animal health and medicated feed records for withdrawal times, so cattle are not inadvertently shipped without the proper holding withdrawals met. This is particularly important for cattle that will be shipped to slaughter.

Handling non-ruminant feed Feed for poultry, horses, swine and pets may possibly include ruminant byproducts which are prohibited in cattle feed. Producers should make sure that commercially available colostrum and milk replacer used is approved for cattle. Store feeds for other species separately and ensure there is no inadvertent feeding or access by beef cattle.

If something goes wrong Staff or family members need to understand procedures and what to do if an error occurs.

If something goes wrong and feed is mixed with improper levels of medication or the wrong product, staff or family know how to respond. Record the incidence, consult a veterinarian and record actions taken. If cattle inadvertently had access to non-ruminant feed contact the Canadian Food Inspection Agency.

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feeding software

REST EASY WITH LINUS7

… a new system for cattle feeders that tracks return on investment to manage risk

By Debbie Furber

F

or more than a third of his 25 years feeding cattle, John Lawton has been devoted to developing a series of financial tools to quantify and manage his exposure to risk in the market variables that affect the return on investment (ROI) he expects from his cattle-feeding operations near Niton Junction, Alta., and in the U.S. A few years ago he started working with a software developer to roll all of them together into a software-service product called Linus7 Cattle Financial Management System, which was officially launched in August to cattle feeders across Canada and the U.S. Linus7 is a new system built on a secure, online software program and a unique service model that incorporates the important elements of financial management and risk management from a cattle feeder’s perspective.

The cattle-feeding industry is at a crossroads because there are so many risks in the marketplace that it has become a real challenge and highly stressful for operators to manage all of them on a day-to-day basis with old financial tools, Lawton explains. For

this reason, the beef industry and entire agriculture industry for that matter has been shifting from small owner-operated businesses to a high-stakes industry dominated by a few large players with commodity trading at its core.

Lawton doesn’t hesitate to say that it was extreme losses in his equity and unprecedented market volatility resulting from the BSE trade crisis that spurred him into action on taking control of his financial position.

It was overwhelming and seemingly impossible at first. He can relate to the feeling of not even knowing where to start with so many circumstances outside of his control.

It became clear that the only aspect he could effectively control is how much he pays for the feeder cattle. Where it became foggy was trying to figure out why he would want to buy and feed cattle based on projected break-evens, which is the historic industry tool for making purchasing decisions. He felt more confident building some profit into his operation by buying cattle based on a projected ROI. ROI is the ratio of money gained or lost on an investment relative to the amount of money invested. The formula to calculate the projected ROI in a group of cattle is detailed: profit/

feedlot Directory Celebrating 20 years

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ABEX winner 2010 for community involvement, 2006 winner for investment Finalist for 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2011 for Community Involvement & Service for Exporting Ideal location for Exporting to USA Rations and feeding tailored to customers’ needs by a Nutritionist

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John Schooten & Sons Custom Feedyard Ltd.

P.O. Box 148, Diamond City, AB T0K 0T0 Phone: 403-381-3883 • Fax: 403-381-8809 Email: schootenandsons@yahoo.ca * Calves — Background — Finish * Share Pens * Feedlot Solutions — Bunk Management — Medical Program * Age Verification Technology * Professional Nutritionalist on Staff * Lot Capacity is 15,000 Head

Phone: 306-454-2250 • Fax: 306-454-2216 • E-mail: blfi@sasktel.net Kevin Antworth, Manager • Cell: 306-442-7401 • E-mail: kevin.blfi@sasktel.net

Justin: 403-315-5679 Shane: 634-1535 Cody: 634-4116

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“Custom Feeding With Personal Care”

Stauffer farm feedlot

Calhoun Cattle Co. ltd. * 4,000 head capacity * Finishing/Backgrounding * Proudly producing Alberta beef since 1980 Rod or Carol Calhoun (403) 546-2655 Cell (403) 333-5440

Jason Calhoun (403) 546-2766 Cell (403) 333-5438 Fax (403) 546-3831 Box 72, Swalwell, AB T0M 1Y0

48 Canadian cattlemen / fall 2012

[total purchase price + (total cost of gain/2)] x 365/ days on feed x 100.

He started tracking each of the market variables and developing ROI snapshots and market sensitivity tables. It took a huge amount of time, but it was time well spent because of the peace of mind that came with disciplining his purchases around his target ROI and having a good grasp on the potential risks and opportunities inherent in the buy so that he could look at ways to manage the risk.

Now, the Linus7 online software program does it all in real-time using your own numbers and a direct link to trusted sources for up-to-the-minute status on the four critical variables that affect ROI: price (live cattle and feeder cattle futures), basis, currency exchange rate, and corn/barley price. The program continuously monitors your exposure to risk according to moves up or down in any one of the critical variables or combinations thereof.

The program also tracks other important variables including your cattle inventory, forward cattle contracts, forward feeder purchases, grain contract inventory, projections, futures and options positions.

One of the featured tools is the realtime purchase calculator. It lets you project your ROI before you buy cattle and work through what-if scenarios to see how various purchase prices and swings up or down in the four critical variables could affect your ROI on that particular lot of cattle.

Another is the risk report for each of the critical variables that shows how managing the risk on differing percentages of your cattle and grain inventories and currency exchange rate will impact your ROI and equity position.

“Each risk is looked at as a stand-

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For Information Contact: Stauffer Farm Feedlot Phone (403) 746-5737 Fax (403) 746-5739 R.R. #3, Eckville, AB T0M 0X0

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Box 488 Linden, AB T0M 1J0 303007 Rge. Rd. 250

Myron Klassen Tel: 403-312-3577 myron@klassenagriventures.ca

“CUSTOM CATTLE FEEDING”

John Lawton

alone issue on its own merits because you can only manage one at a time,” Lawton explains. “If you are using various tools, it isn’t clear where your risk lies because the different risk management tools overlap or may cover stand-alone issues. For example, if you have some money booked with the bank, some cattle contracted to the packer and are partially covered with some live cattle futures, it’s difficult to measure your exposure without the proper tools. We believe it’s important to manage each risk properly.”

The Linus7 service model, built around personalized support from the company’s professional support staff and cattle financial planners, is unique in that aspect. It goes beyond program setup and providing training on how to use it, to helping you learn to identify risks and build risk management policies around each of the major variables based on your own risk tolerance level and target ROI. Your risk management policy is then used day to day when purchasing cattle and grain and communicating with those in charge of making the purchases, your broker and your banker.

The support pros at Linus7 also have the background to coach you on risk management terminology and the ins and outs of forward contracting (basis contracts, flat-price contracts wherein you have to follow through with delivery), Alberta’s Cattle Price Insurance Program (basis insurance and price insurance), buying and selling cattle futures contracts on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, managing options on futures contracts and cash requirements for margin money to protect your position.

Managing risk is easier said than done if you don’t know how much of that risk you need to manage in order to preserve your target ROI. Here again, Linus7 lets you test various scenarios.

Continued on page 50 www.canadiancattlemen.ca

3600 Black Angus/ Simmental X Cows 1000 1st calvers bred Black Angus Bulls.

800 2nd calvers • 800 3rd calvers • 1000 mature cows bred Black Simmental & Soderglen Black Max Bulls Cows bred to start calving April 10 to reputation bulls All cows are on a full herd health program

Don’t miss these coW sales!!

Westwood Sale #1 Westwood Sale #2 November 26, 2012 – 1:00 PM Heartland Livestock Services Swift Current, SK Ph: (306) 773-3174

November 29, 2012 – 1:00 PM Balog Auction Services Lethbridge, AB Ph: (403) 320-1980

Lee Crowley (306) 741-5701 Donnie Peacock (306) 662-8288

Bob Balog & Louis Balog (403) 331-0611

Westwood Sale #3 Westwood Sale #4 December 8, 2012 – 1:00 PM Nilsson Bros. Livestock Exchange Vermilion, AB Ph: (780) 853-5372 Jim Pulyk (780) 853-0626 Rusty Stalwick (780) 853-7669

December 12, 2012 – 1:00 PM Provost Livestock Exchange Provost, AB Ph: (780) 753-2369 Jack Lawes (780) 753-0813 Jerry Hewson (306) 753-7788

View & Bid online at www.dlms.ca

Kevin Woods, Ken Woods & Family Box 6 Moosomin, Saskatchewan, Canada S0G 3N0

Office: (306) 435-3711 Kevin Woods Cell: (306) 435-7313

Watch for updates at www.westwoodlandandcattle.com or www.nbinc.com

Continued from page 48

An example of the effect of a $5/ cwt move in the price of fed cattle with futures contracts taken out to manage risk on half of an operation’s 8,100 head on feed, shows that the owner would stand to lose $33 per head if the fed-cattle market price dropped $5/cwt and profit by that much if it went up by $5/cwt. With 75 per cent of the cattle risk managed, the loss would be limited to $16 per head, but so, too, is the opportunity for profit.

On a $10/cwt move the risk or opportunity doubles.

Side by side, your risk management policy and the daily update of your risk position will help to identify

where you might be exposing yourself to risk beyond your comfort level so that you can take steps to address the issue before it comes to a head, Lawton explains.

Oftentimes, market moves happen so quickly, that the twin enemies of fear and greed take over. Clear heads will prevail if you develop a contingency plan before you find yourself in the midst of a crisis.

Together, the software and the service offer a system to underpin your ability to make informed decisions quickly and decisively, reduce risk, produce predictable and profitable outcomes and gain peace of mind.

The fact that Lawton still feeds thousands of cattle a year and has

had time to take Linus7 from some charts and graphs on his desk to a fullfledged financial tool for the cattlefeeding industry is testimony in itself to the time savings that come with having efficient tools.

Having the right financial tools is as important as having the right tools to get the crop in or feed the cattle. You can lose a lot of time and efficiency and put a lot of undue stress on yourself if you have the wrong tools, he says.

Linus7 isn’t an accounting program, but it can be linked to many other management software programs commonly used in feedlot operations. The system is evolving and he encourages people to contact the office in Edmonton to find out about the possibilities.

auction market Directory Regular cattle sale every Tuesday 9 am Please check our website for all special sales.

Brooks, AB. Ph: (403) 362-5521 Fax: (403) 362-5541 Website: www.bowslope.com E-mail: bowslope@eidnet.org Rod MacLean 793-3060 Lachie McKinnon 362-1825 Ross Annett 793-4715 Lowell Johnston 820-0516

Serving Alberta’s Livestock Industry since 1940 Regular Sale Every Friday 9 AM • DLMS Sales Every Thurs 10 AM OCTOBER SALES • Mon Oct 22 - Calf Sale - Angus influence, 10:00 AM • Tue Oct 23 - Calf Sale, 10:00 AM • Wed Oct 24 - Calf Sale - Charolais & Limo influence, 10:00 AM • Sat Oct 27 - Rancher Calf Sale, 10:00 AM • Sun Oct 29 - Calf Sale – Angus influence, 10:00 AM • Wed Oct 31 - Calf Sale – Charolais & Limo influence, 10:00 AM NOVEMBER SALES • Sat Nov 3 - Rancher Calf Sale, 10:00 AM • Mon Nov 5 - Calf Sale – Angus influence, 10:00 AM • Wed Nov 7 - Calf Sale – Charolais & Limo influence, 10:00 AM • Mon Nov 12 - All Breeds Calf Sale, 10:00 AM • Wed Nov 14 - All Breeds Calf Sale, 10:00 AM • Sat Nov 17 - First Bred Cow & Heifer Sale, 10:00 AM • Wed Nov 21 - All Breeds Calf Sale, 10:00 AM • Sat Nov 24 - Bred Cow & Heifer Sale, 12:00 Noon • Wed Nov 28 - Bred Cow & Heifer, 12:00 noon DECEMBER SALES • Sat Dec 1 - Bred Cow & Heifer Sale, 12:00 Noon • Mon Dec 3 - Last Chance All Breeds Calf Sale, 10:00 AM • Wed Dec 5 - Bred Cow & Heifer Sale, 12:00 noon • Sat Dec 8 - Bred Cow & Heifer Sale, 12:00 Noon • Wed Dec 12 - Bred cow & Heifer sale, 12:00 noon • Sat Dec 15 - Bred cow & Heifer sale, 12:00 noon • Wed Dec 19 - Bred cow & Heifer sale, 12:00 noon • Fri Dec 21 - LAST SALE. Office Closed Dec 22 - Jan 9,2013 All calf sales are pre-booked sales. Call early for a good spot.

Alberta’s Largest Producer Owned Auction Market

Office - 204-434-6519 • Fax - 204-434-9367 Email - g_lam@hotmail.ca Harold Unrau - 204-871-0250 (cell) - manager Henry Penner - 204-355-7518

www.grunthallivestockauctionmart.com

zXX

Innisfail

auctIon Market

Regular Cattle Sales — Every Wednesday Special Fall Feeder Sales — Every Monday Horse Sales Every 2 Weeks

The Heart of Alberta’s Finest Feeder Cattle 4504 – 42 St., Innisfail, AB T4G 1P6 403-227-3166 • 1-800-710-3166 iamarket@telus.net • www.innisfailauctionmarket.com Jack, Danny, Duane and Mark Daines

K.L.C. TEAM “Bringing Buyers and Sellers together through the Power of the Internet”

Calgary Stockyards “The Hub of Livestock Marketing”

Feeder cattle sales every Friday.

Slaughter cattle sales weekdays.

Broadcasting Ring Sales Daily

Regular cattle sales every Thursday.

Special calf sales Saturdays.

www.teamauctionsales.com

www.calgarystockyards.com

403-234-7429

Kawartha Lakes Co-operative Auction

580 Woodville Rd. RR#3 Woodville, Ontario Livestock Auctions every Saturday Stocker Sales - Wednesdays in Spring & Fall * Chicken, Rabbits and misc farm items: 9:00 a.m. * Pigs, Sheep & Goats: Ring #2 at 10 a.m. * Cull cows, bulls, finished cattle, bob calves, horses, stockers, bred cows, cow/calf pairs: Ring # 1 at 10:00 a.m.

For more info. call 705-439-4444 • www.klcauction.com

Meadow Lake Stockyards Ltd. • Regular Cattle Sales - Monday’s 9:30 a.m.

• Presorted Internet Calf Sales - Thursday’s 11:00 a.m.

• Regular Monthly Horse Sales - Friday’s • Bred Cow & Heifer Sales scheduled throughout the fall - 1:00 pm

Order buying services available.

For sale information & market info. visit our website www.mlstockyards.com Brent Brooks (306) 240-5340 Brad Brooks (306) 240-5342

Blair Brooks (306) 240-9883 office (306) 236-3411

E-mail: mlstockyards@sasktel.net

AUCTION MARKET LTD.

In the hub of the livestock industry since 1967

SPECIAL SALES Calf Sales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Every.Mon ..&.Wed .,.Oct ..to.Dec .,.10.am Stock Cows & Bred Heifer Sales . . . . . . . Every.Tues .,.Nov ..to.Dec .,.1.pm Special Yearling Sales . . . . . . . . . . Every.Thurs .,.Sept ..to.Oct .,.11:30.am Pre-Sort Sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Every.Sat .,.Oct ..to.Nov .

For a complete listing of our sales visit www.perlich.com Or contact us by phone at:

403-329-3101

We’re.3.miles.East.of.Lethbridge.on.Highway.3.&.¼.mile.South.on.the.Broxburn.Rd .

Picture Butte Auction Market

Box 6, Picture Butte,

Connection AB T0K 1V0 Your Total Auction

Reg. Feeder & Slaughter Cattle Sales–Tues. 10:30 a.m.

Reg. Cattle, Hog, Sheep Sales – Sat. 11 a.m.

Special Calf Sales in the Fall Phone 403-732-4400 Fax 403-732-4405

Owner/Auctioneer: Erik Dunsbergen Office: Jenn Koot

The Quebec Feeder Calf Sales Circuit • Fresh calves straight from the producer • Checked for castration and clearly identified • 63 special feeder sales, all vaccinated calves Information and pocket calendar at: Feeder Calf Sales Agency Phone: (450) 679-0530, ext 8891 Fax: (450) 442-9348 E-mail: gaetanefournier@upa.qc.ca

Welcome to

Fédération des producteurs de bovins du Québec

Special Calf Sales Mondays throughout the Fall

vJv Foothills Livestock auction Box 10, Stavely, AB T0L 1Z0 email: foothillsoffice@vjvauction.com Rob Bergevin, Manager 403-625-7171 (cell) Sales Barn 403-549-2120 Fax: 403-549-2253

Toll Free: 1-877-549-2121 Regular sales eveRy FRiday at 9 a.m.

For all your marketing needs please give us a call or stop by!

www.vjvfoothillsauction.com

OntariO LivestOck exchange inc.

P.O. BOx 443 WaterlOO, OntariO n2J 4a9

Phone: (519) 884-2082 Or 1-800-265-8818 Website: www.olex.on.ca e-mail: dropp@olex.on.ca CONTACT LIVE SALES SPECIAL SALES

50 Canadian cattlemen / fall 2012

David Ropp (519) 749-5072 Allen Colwell (519) 501-0147 Wednesday - 1:00 PM - Vaccinated Feeder Cattle Thursday - 11:00 AM - Regular Stocker Sale Daily internet presort sales & direct from ranch sales.

Contributing markets: Moose Jaw, Swift Current, Provost, Lloydminster, Vermilion, Yorkton, Maple Creek, Meadow Lake, Mankota, Assiniboia, Weyburn

FEEDER/SLAUGHTER SALES SHEEP & GOAT SALE Every Friday 9AM Every Friday 9AM Receiving open until Receiving open until 11PM Thursdays 11PM Thursdays Gates Open Mon.-Wed. 8AM-4PM Thurs. 8AM-11PM Friday 8AM-6PM Sat. 8AM-4PM For more information call: 204-694-8328 or Jim Christie 204-771-0753 www.winnipeglivestocksales.com Licence #1122

Your Linus7 monthly subscription includes support and customized policy preparation and analysis. Automatic alerts will be sent directly to your mobile device. There is a flat fee for smaller operations and a per-head rate for large operations. Considering the value of cattle today, having the right tools to manage market risks can yield an extreme ROI. For more information, visit www. linus7.com or call the office toll free at 1-855-487-8706.

C

Real-time purchase calculator By using the Linus7 purchase calculator correctly, Lawton says your subscription could pay for itself and save money and worry by reducing your exposure to bad purchases.

This tool helps to discipline your feeder cattle purchases because you have to establish and stick to hard and fast rules. This creates margin in your buy, meaning that even if the fed-cattle price goes down, you will at least have some margin before your equity disappears.

Instead of buying feeders and then trying to figure out how to make money, the Linus7 purchase calculator can be used to project your ROI before you buy.

If the ROI meets the minimum you’ve established, then the buy at the price you have entered is favourable. If not, then purchasing those feeders for that price would expose you to risk above your comfort level.

The real-time purchase calculator takes into account several variables adjusted for your local basis including futures price, grain price, live cattle price, currency rate, and projected cost of gain adjusted to your actual ration formula and local grain price.

One example showed the impact of a $5/cwt move down and up in the live cattle price on the decision to purchase a group of yearling steers for $124.25/ cwt.

A $5/cwt move up or down could make a difference between bringing in a net profit of $93 per head or getting hit with a loss of $50.62 per head. That’s a $72 swing in either direction from the initial projection of $21.68 per head.

Your ROI could drop by 11 per cent or increase by 11 per cent. That’s big!

A series of related screens reveals the effect of moves in other variables on ROI and profit or loss per head. A $20/ tonne move either way in the grain market could send your ROI down by 4.0 per cent or up by 5.0 per cent. A $5 move in the value of the Canadian dollar could push your ROI down by 14 per cent on the low side, but give you the opportunity to make a 15 per cent ROI at the high end. A $5/cwt move in the basis would expose your ROI to an 11 per cent risk on the downside and an 11 per cent opportunity on the upside. www.canadiancattlemen.ca

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feeding management

Feed testing with NIR

It is starting to look like the most economically accurate way to do it in large operations

By Debbie Furber

T

he use of near infrared (NIR) technology to quickly measure key feedvalue determinants may change the way feedlots price and manage barley and other feedstuffs in the near future.

NIR has been around since the ’70s, but its potential for commercial beef feedlots hasn’t been explored until now, says Dr. Matt May of Feedlot Health Management Services (FHMS), headquartered at Okotoks, Alta.

May is the lead researcher in a project to develop NIR feed tests to describe the variation in barley delivered to feedlots.

The gold standard for feed analysis is the wet chemistry method, which measures organic and non-organic components in the feed. However, in the week it takes to send a sample to a lab and get the results, that semi-load of barley will have already been fed, May explains.

NIR technology has the potential to provide feed test results within about 30 seconds. Even though NIR isn’t an accurate method for predicting inorganic mineral content, it will give the operator a very good prediction of moisture and the percentages of organic substances with carbon bonds including protein, fat, starch, acid detergent fibre and neutral detergent fibre.

“The organic components are the important ones to characterize in feedlot diets because they determine the energy provided by the ration, which is then rounded out with a good mineral package,” he says.

Real-time onsite feed analysis of each load of barley, dried distillers grains (DDG), hay and other feedstuffs using NIR technology would allow operators to confirm that the feed delivered does meet contract specifications, precision price commodities when buying and selling, better manage feed inventories, and further refine rations.

A case in point is the results from a large study carried out by FHMS in 2008 comparing the performance and carcass quality of steers fed a traditional barley diet versus a 22.5 per cent corn DDG diet and a 22.5 per cent wheat DDGS diet. Approximately 900 loads of DDG sampled and scanned using NIR during the 52 Canadian cattlemen / fall 2012

study revealed a huge variation in the fat content of corn DDG, which ranged all the way from 4.42 per cent to 17.58 per cent. DDG is often purchased with a specified fat content, therefore, if a feedlot expected delivery of and paid for DDG with 12 per cent fat content, but actually received anything less than that, the operator would have overpaid for the product.

The study also found that corn DDG could demand a premium and wheat DDG would need to be discounted relative to barley.

Based on the findings from the 2008 study, May’s rough calculations show that the cost of an NIR unit (approximately $70,000 today) would be recouped with the savings realized by properly pricing or rejecting 25 (50-tonne) loads of DDG. Pricing of feed barley would also benefit. Traditionally, bushel weight has been a determining factor on the grounds that more weight would equate to more starch, which is key to estimating the digestible energy (DE) of a feed ingredient, May explains.

Yet, in the NIR project of scanned samples, the bushel weight explained only 12 per cent of the variation in DE for barley.

Research conducted in 1987 (Grimson et al.) showed there was no difference in the performance of steers fed 43-pound bushel weight barley compared with those fed 51.5-pound bushel weight barley. Cattle performance was impaired once bushel weight dropped below 37 pounds per bushel.

“So, if bushel weight isn’t a good indicator of DE, what characteristics should be used to price barley?” May asks. The answer is not only a needto-know for beef producers, but will provide plant breeders with direction for developing barley varieties with feed value characteristics of high importance.

Surprising results from a recent trial conducted by Western Feedlots have given him cause to step back and reconsider the approach. The 240-day feeding trial showed that the high-energy barley actually resulted in the lowest rate of average daily gain, more sickness and greater death loss than cattle fed low-energy barley.

Much of the increase in deaths was related to metabolic mortality in the high-energy group.

“What we don’t have is all of the important parameters needed to make these decisions. We don’t really know

Dr. Matt May

what’s going on inside the animal from a metabolic standpoint when cattle are fed various populations of barley that may be present,” May says. “We need to find characteristics of barley that have a positive effect on cattle performance to know what parameters we should be pricing barley on and to breed those positive characteristics into grain varieties.”

Digging deeper May’s research aims to describe the variation in feed quality of barley coming into feedlots. Toward that end, the Alberta Crop Industry Development Fund (ACIDF) financed the purchase of 10 NIR machines to obtain barley feed value information from producers. They have been placed at nine feedyards co-operating on the project and the 10th is located at the FHMS office where May and his colleagues run samples from other feedlots and outlier samples from the nine co-operating feedlots. Select samples are then sent to the laboratory for wet chemistry analysis to improve the accuracy of the calibrations used by the NIR machine. All of the scanning information is stored in a centralized database.

He suspects they will find that barley isn’t just barley, but that there are subgroups, each with distinct feed characteristics. “There are popula-

tions of barley with differences in the concentration of starch, fibre, protein, fat and, potentially, the rate at which these constituents degrade in the rumen. The difficult part right now is identifying those populations and trying to better understand what causes the differences,” he explains. This draws out another set of questions.

Are the differences due to growing conditions alone or are other factors at play, such as varietal differences or management factors?

The followup will be to evaluate barley subgroups in a small setting using GrowSafe pens to precisely measure feed intake, in conjunction with metabolic studies to get a better understanding of how the animals utilize each subgroup. The research could then be scaled up to small pens of 20 to 50 head before taking it to a commercial-level trial with pens of 200 to 300 cattle.

Looking further into the future of NIR technology, May sees potential to develop calibrations that correlate blood serum analysis with animal performance or health as well as calibrations that correlate manure nutrients with soil tests for environmental management purposes.

First things first Calibrations have to be developed www.canadiancattlemen.ca

to convert the NIR scan of a feed sample into a format that producers readily understand — percentages.

Without calibrations programmed into the NIR machine, the readout is a spectrum that looks like a series of peaks and valleys, similar to that of an electrocardiograph machine, May explains.

NIR wavelengths are at the low-energy end of the visible light spectrum, as opposed to ultraviolet wavelengths at the high-energy end. The energy in a certain range of NIR lightwaves causes electrons in the organic molecules to vibrate.

The more of the substance there is in a sample, the greater the vibration and the deeper the valley in the spectrum.

Each type of organic molecule shows up in a certain area of the spectrum, making it possible for researchers to look for areas of high similarity between NIR spectra and wet chemistry analyses. The mathematical calibrations correlate the NIR analyses with the wet chemistry analyses back to each parameter.

May’s team is working with the NIR equipment manufacturer and Dr. Mary-Lou Swift to refine the calibrations for barley grain and other

feedstuffs. So far, the barley calibrations are accurate for samples that fall within the average range, but not very accurate for outliers. With continual improvements in the software and mathematics used to help build and refine calibrations, May says they are able to choose specific samples to send off to test for a specific parameter to improve the robustness of the calibrations.

Calibrations have to be developed for each feed type, that is, the calibrations for whole barley are specific to analysing whole barley samples and not useful for analysing other feedstuffs, such as other grains, screenings, dried distillers grains or hay.

This study, supported by the Alberta Crop Industry Development Fund (ACIDF), includes May, doctors Luis Burciaga-Robles and Calvin Booker and two graduate students also with FHMS, Dr. Mary-Lou Swift with Alberta Agriculture at Agriculture and AgriFood Canada Lacombe, Dr. Tim McAllister at Agriculture and AgriFood Canada Lethbridge, Dr. Darryl Gibb with Hi-Pro Feeds, and doctors John McKinnon and Greg Penner at the University of Saskatchewan.

C

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John Deere recently introduced a number of new or improved products to its forage harvesting lineup.

Twelve new models of its 9 Series Round Balers were introduced for 2013. The new large round balers, which include additional Class III and IV models, have larger cams and bearings in the pickup on premium models, Diamond chains, and many other enhancements that increase durability and productivity of the balers while making it easier to service.

The current round baler lineup is: Class

Models

Bale Size

Max wt. dry

Max wt. wet

Class I

449

4'X4'

750 lb.

1,250 lb.

459 Standard

4'X5'

1,000 lb.

dry only

459

4'X5'

1,100 lb.

1,750 lb.

459 Silage special

4'X5'

1,100 lb.

1,750 lb.

559

5'X5'

1,450 lb.

1,750 lb.

559 Silage special

5'X5'

1,450 lb.

2,200 lb.

469

4'X6'

1,650 lb.

2,200 lb.

469 Silage special

4'X6'

1,650 lb.

2,200 lb.

469 Premium

4'X6'

1,650 lb.

2,200 lb.

569

5'X6'

2,200 lb.

2,400 lb.

569 Premium

5'X6'

2,200 lb.

2,400 lb.

569 Silage special

5'X6'

2,200 lb.

2,400 lb.

Class II

Gift #2 ❍ 1 Year $34.65 $30.00 ❍ 2 Years $51.45 $38 ❍ New Subscription ❍ Renewal Gift Name:___________________________________________ Address:_____________________________________________ City/Town: ________________________Prov.: _____________ Postal Code:___________________ Ph: ___________________ Sign Gift Card : _______________________________________

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Class IV

The model 469, 559 and 569 silagespecial balers are faster, more durable, with faster gate cycles, heavier chains, and larger, stronger shafts, bearings and pickups than previous models.

Adjustable tongues, extended lube drivelines and larger tire options are available for the 459 and 559 balers.

The new premium balers are built with stronger chains, larger shafts and bearings, and more robust pickups.

They feature newly designed gull-wing doors for ease of service and adjustment. ISOBus electronics ensures responsive baler/tractor operation, including GreenStar 3 integration and monitoring and control with 1800, 2600, 2630, and CommandCenter displays. This new ISOBus system enables Tractor Baler Automation to make baling easier and more efficient.

Two sickle cutterbar mower conditioners, the M160A and M180A, were also added to its product lineup. Both are centre pivot, pull-type machines.

They feature double-knife sickle cutterbar platforms which are also used on the auger heads of the new John Deere self-propelled windrowers. Available in 16-foot and 18-foot cutting widths, the new M160A and M180A provide the widest conditioning rolls on the market today for machines of this type.

The forming shields are easily adjusted to create windrows from 36 to 100 inches in width. Both models have 54 CANADIAN CATTLEMEN / FALL 2012

enclosed oil-bath gearboxes for the double-knife sickle cutterbar to provide reliability and low cutting height.

The centre-mounted pivot hitch and drive system allows for a shorter turn radius and left- or right-side operation.

For improved crop conditioning the new models have steel roll conditioning systems. The M160A and M180A can be matched with 125-horsepower or higher tractors for optimal harvesting performance.

For details go to www.JohnDeere.com.

John Deere has significantly improved its 5 Series Utility Tractor lineup for 2013 with four new 45 to 75 horsepower 5E models. The 5E family now includes the 5045E, 5055E, 5065E, 5075E, 5083E, 5093E and 5101E tractors. The last three digits of a model number represent the engine horsepower. New options include cabs for the 5055E, 5065E and 5075E; new open operator station option for the 5083, 5093 and 5101 models; and new 12F/12R PowrReverser Transmission options for the 55- to 101-horsepower models. For loader attachments, the four-cylinder 5E models are compatible with both the new John Deere H-Series and existing 553 loaders.

John Deere has expanded its 6 Series tractor line with a number of news models aimed at livestock and cropping applications.

These include six new models in the 6M Series tractors (6105M, 6115M, 6125M, 6140M, 6150M and 6170M) to replace the standard 6030 and 7030 Series tractors. The 6Ms offer additional transmission options, increased hitch and hydraulic capacities, and IT4 emission compliant engines.

The 6D Series has been updated and includes four models ranging from 105 to 140 engine horsepower (6105D, 6115D, 6130D, and 6140D).

They now offer right-hand cab controls, an optional instructional seat, easy-to-access service points, options for increased hitch-lift capacity, and increased hydraulic flow for loader operations.

Two mid-horsepower models were added to 6R Series tractors aimed primarily at the row-crop market. www.canadiancattlemen.ca

Loftness of Hector, Minn., has introduced its CropLogix Windrow Draper 20, a side-discharge crop shredder that the company says features a unique draper belt design.

The side-discharge capability allows an operator to place two windrows side by side, significantly reducing the time needed to bale the residue. It has a 20-foot cutting width and computer-balanced rotors equipped with 4.5-inch cupped knives to maximize suction. This also helps reduce the risk of striking hidden objects. A minimum 150 horsepower is required to operate the unit. The rotors are powered by a 1,000-r.p.m. PTO, heavyduty gearbox, and two four-groove banded belt drives with spring-loaded tensioners. The high-speed, 36-inch draper is hydraulically driven. Hinged canopy doors give full access to the draper belt and tunnel. The Windrow Draper 20 comes with four fully adjustable wheels to match row spacing. The height can be adjusted by two hydraulic cylinders. Other standard equipment includes a crop diffuser for discharging residue. A transport mode is optional. For details contact Loftness Specialized Equipment by email: info@loftness.com, or visit www.croplogix.com on the Internet.

cient when pulling a load. While CVT is common in high-horsepower tractors, the company says it is not commonly found in compact tractors. The new lineup of Case IH Farmall B CVT tractors is powered by Tier 3-compliant diesel engines with 40-, 45- and 50-engine horsepower.

Case IH Farmall compact tractors now offer an easy-to-use, continuously variable transmission (CVT) option for the new model Farmall 40B CVT, 45B CVT and 50B CVT Class 3 cab tractors. CVT automatically selects the best gear ratio for the desired speed, so the operator no longer has to select or shift gears. Unlike standard transmissions, which have a distinct number of gear ratios, a CVT has an infinite number of gear ratios, which allows the engine to always run at its most efficient speed — regardless of ground speed. And unlike hydrostatic transmissions that depend on speed for higher torque, a CVT is more effi-

The all-new 5x4-foot variable chamber 504 PRO Baler from Vermeer has the heavy drive components necessary for silage baling. Baling operations can be controlled from the cab with the standard, colour touchscreen E-Link Pro monitor. With the Hydroflexcontrol feature, the floor of the 504 can flex up and down to minimize blockage in the pickup. It also gives the operator the ability to hydraulically open the floor of the baler to easily clear a plug without leaving the cab. This model also featuers the Xtracut17, a 17-knife chopper system on the pickup rotor that can handle zero, eight, nine or 17 blades.

The E-Link Pro monitor electronically controls bale density from the cab, while a ramp home sensor alerts the operator when the bale is fully ejected for a faster tailgate cycle. The monitor also stores field and operating statistics for later analysis.

Other features of the 504 are Vermeer’s patented Powersplit Transmission with a split gearbox to make better use of horsepower when baling in heavy material, endless belts to eliminate the need for lace maintenance, and heavy-duty chains, bearings and other drive components.

For details visit www.vermeer.com.

www.canadiancattlemen.ca

CANADIAN CATTLEMEN / FALL 2012 55

PURELY PUREBRED Suggestions are always welcome.

My phone number is 403-325-1695 Email: deb.wilson@ fbcpublishing.com

Deborah WILSON ◆ This is the last “Oldtimer” Pic that I have. So get busy and send me some.

tion is hosting the Canadian Gelbvieh Association (CGA) annual meeting, the National Gelbvieh Show, the Sweetheart Classic and the National Gelbvieh Sale. The National Gelbvieh Show is scheduled for 12 noon on Nov. 21. The Sweetheart Classic will follow the bull classes and prior to the female classes. The National Sale will be held at 10 a.m. on Nov. 22.

Throughout the week there will be activities to mark the 40-year history of Gelbvieh cattle and provide time for breeders past and present to share good times and great memories. “On behalf of the CGA board of directors and all of its members, we are excited to celebrate this milestone of the Gelbvieh breed,” says CGA president Scott Severtson.

◆ The Canadian Angus Association

Who are these two fine-looking dudes? Nice glasses, guys!!!

◆ The 40th anniversary of Gelbvieh cattle in Canada will be celebrated at Canadian Western Agribition in November. The Man-Sask Associa-

honoured Ferme Jacques and Eric Desrosiers and Ferme B&L (Liette and Benout) Desrosiers of Mirabel, Que., with the Eastern Feedlot of the Year Award. The presentation of the award was made by CAA general manager Michael Latimer and director of field services Brian Good. Les Fermes Desrosiers is a family operation located in the territorial region of Mirabel, Que.,

Advocates for Agriculture CommunicationsWorkshop

northwest of Montreal. They sold 4,000 head of cattle in 2011, 90 per cent of which were Angus or Angus influence.

◆ Work has started on the Canadian

Angus Association’s new headquarters building near Airdrie, just outside of Calgary. If everything proceeds on schedule it could be ready for occupancy by the fall of 2013.

◆ The Alberta Angus Association

2012 AAA Steak Frys will be held at the following Alberta locations: Oct. 22, Triple J Livestock, Westlock; Oct. 29, Provost Livestock Exchange, Provost; Nov. 2, Stettler Auction Mart, Stettler; Nov. 3, Nilsson Bros., Vermilion; Nov. 5, Dryland Cattle Trading Corp., Veteran; Nov. 6, Viking Auction Market, Viking.

◆ This year’s Garth Sweet Simmental Foundation Auction was a tremendous success with a new record amount of $22,380 being raised. To date the GSSF has raised a total of $86,458.50 through seven charity auction events.

Two-thirds of the funds raised by the foundation auctions go to the Young Canadian Simmental Association (YCSA) for youth development programs for young Simmental members.

The remainder of the funds support research and development initiatives focusing on the improvement of Simmental cattle genetics in Canada.

“A Better Way to Manage your Livestock Business”

Using Your Influential Muscles Wondering how to tell the positive story of agriculture?

Troy and Stacy Hadrick, two of North America’s most influential agricultural advocates, empower international agricultural audiences to effectively explain their business to non-farmers.

◆ Frank and Beth Plain of White

Rock, B.C., were presented with the 50 Year Heritage Award by the Canadian Angus Association. Frank was born and raised on a farm in Shedden, the southwestern “Rhubarb Capital” of Ontario. He showed his first Angus calf at a school fair. When Frank was 14 years old his family left Ontario and moved to a farm in central Alberta. Times were tough and Frank continued to work on the farm. In time he met a farm girl from Westlock and married her in 1946. That was the same year the Plain family started an Angus herd with the purchase of three Angus cows from Walter Ellett of Morinville, Alta. Beth became the schoolteacher in a one-room school, Grades 1 to 8, in Fawcett, Alta. In 1950 they moved to White Rock for health reasons and established Sunniebend Farm where they continued in the Angus business while Frank also pursued a career in real estate. Their herd grew to 70 cows and their corner became known as “Frank Plain’s Corner, “the place where all the Angus are.” Frank was president of the B.C. Angus Association for two terms; Beth served as treasurer.

◆ Stephanie Solverson of Camrose,

Alta., the daughter of Canadian Cattlemen’s Association vice-president Dave Solverson, is cycling for a cause.

She is riding her bike from Calgary to Blue Field, Nicaragua, approximately 6,850 kilometres, to raise money for the completion of a Community Learning Center on Little Corn Island, her final destination. To learn more visit www.commothreads.org/stephsolverson or her blog: stephgoescyclingforacause.blogspot.ca.

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The couple’s interactive, hands-on workshop features tips on: • Creating your own ‘elevator speech’ that resonates with your audience.

Ready for the Fall Run?

• Developing key messages to quickly organize your thoughts.

• Using social media to share your story effectively.

• Developing a plan to advocate for agriculture, as a participant in the industry.

Alltech knows the challenges that comes with bringing in new calves during the fall run season and we have solutions to help make your cattle healthier and more profitable.

With transport, stressors and weather challenges, it is our job to help you make the most out of your fall run!

Limited Space – Early Registration Recommended

December 5, 2012 • Travelodge Hotel, Saskatoon, SK Phone: 306.249.3227 Email: facs@sasktel.net Website: www.facs.sk.ca/events.html Adele Buettner, Executive Director

56 CANADIAN CATTLEMEN / FALL 2012

Ask us today about our new Alltech Beef Pak!

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•Increased feed intake •Improved average daily gain •Increased fibre digestibility

Contact your local Alltech Representative (403) 735-3281 Canada@alltech.com www.canadiancattlemen.ca

◆ Canadian Cattle Genome Project — Bull of the Month: The Canadian Cattle Genome Project is focused on bringing cost-effective genomics (DNA) tools to Canada’s beef producers to improve producer profitability and efficiencies in beef production. We are gathering samples from animals that have the greatest genetic influence on the Canadian cattle herd for DNA sequencing and genotyping. Over the next few months we will highlight bulls included in the project that helped establish their respective breeds in Canada.

This month’s profile is an Angus bull named “Ankonian Dynamo.”

1 sire of registrations and became a Proven Pathfinder Sire. One of Ankonian Dynamo’s most famous sons, Sayre Patriot, went on to achieve similar honours: Grand Champion at state fairs, North American International show in Louisville, Kentucky, and U.S. National Western Stock shows in Denver. Both bulls were also red gene carriers that exemplified the attributes of the breed such as high fertility, superior marbling, and easy keeping.

Next month we will feature another bull from a different breed that is involved in the Canadian Cattle Genome Project.

For more information on the project see the website at www.canadacow.ca. If you have samples of influential bulls that you would like to donate to the project please contact Mary DePauw, project manager at mdepauw@ualberta.ca or Steve Miller, project leader at miller@uoguelph.ca.

◆ Cattlemen’s Young Leaders Profiles —

Ankonian Dynamo is listed as one of The 165 Most Influential Bulls of Angus History. Sired by Emulous Pride 70 and Miss Emulous B and born in 1970 he went on to become the 1972 International Grand Champion Bull and the 1972 and 1973 Grand Champion of the U.S. National Western Stock shows in Denver.

In 1976 and 1977 he was the breed’s No.

The Cattlemen’s Young Leader program mentees who we are focusing on in this issue are Joanne Solverson, Kerry Hyatt, Eric Buyer and Jake Meyer. I will be featuring all of this latest class of able young people in this column over the next few issues. If you have the opportunity I urge you to visit with these young cattle enthusiasts at any of the functions they attend throughout the year of their mentorship.

They will inspire and energize those of Continued on page 58

PURELY PUREBRED Continued from page 57

you who have been around the track a few times.

Joanne Solverson holds a diploma in agriculture management with a major in marketing from Olds College and is now working to obtain her degree in agribusiness. Joanne Solverson She was raised on her family’s cow-calf/feedlot operation west of Camrose, Alta., and developed a strong interest in agriculture at a young age. She remains actively involved in her family’s operation. She was a 4-H member for 10 years, and remained involved in the club as the general leader for three years following her completion of the program.

Through her involvement with the program, she has gained a passion for working with youth in agriculture.

Joanne has been employed at UFA for the past eight years working in both the

Olds and Camrose locations. She has also worked on beef operations in both New Zealand and Australia. The CYL program provides numerous opportunities for young people in the cattle business to learn from leaders in the industry and network with other young people with similar interests. She looks forward to becoming more involved in provincial and national organizations, while gaining the experience and business acumen necessary to sustain the cattle industry into the future.

Kerry Hyatt holds a diploma in agribusiness and is currently pursuing a bachelor of applied science in agribusiness at Olds College. Her passion for cattle and agriculKerry Hyatt ture grew out of her involvement with 4-H and the family cow-calf operation near Devlin, Ont. She has worked in many areas of the beef industry: pen checking for health status as a research technician for large feedlots and as an administrator for a

national certified beef production program. Currently she is putting her skills to use as a conservation technician for the County of Warner while continuing her education. Kerry would like to learn more about domestic and international beef marketing, as well as management of the environment.

Eric Buyer holds a degree in agribusiness from the University of Saskatchewan. He grew up on a family cow-calf and finishing operation near Carbon, Alta., that also operates a small meat plant. He was an active member in many community groups including the local 4-H Beef Club. After he graduated from university Eric and his family purchased a cow-calf and feedlot operation near Carnduff, Sask. He and his fiancée are looking forward to working with the family to grow both the feedlot and cow side of the operation.

He is also interested in adding value to their final product on their farm and in the industry and is hoping to learn more of the opportunities within supply chains during his mentorship. Eric is a new member of the Saskatchewan

Stock Growers and is passionate about becoming more involved in the Saskatchewan Cattlemen’s Association and Canadian Cattlemen’s Association.

Jake Meyer attended Montana State University where he studied business management and entrepreneurship.

He grew up on a large cow-calf and yearling operation with his grandfather in southern Montana, which instilled the skills and values that he still carries today. After graduating he went into the oilfield full time working all over the United States to eventually become a rig manager at the age of 22. As a leader in the industry, Jake was offered the opportunity to help lead a new contract in Rio Gallegos, Argentina where he oversaw several new rigs that used the latest technology. In 2009, Jake shifted gears; he and his wife Tanya made the decision to go into ranching full time. They operate Meyer Cattle Inc., a 150-head cowcalf operation, which also custom feeds cattle and produces commercial forage for a number of different markets. Take a look at Jake’s video on the Cattlemen’s Young Leaders website.

C

SALES AND EVENTS AD INDEX Page Agriculture for Life 21 Alltech 56 Ballco Feeders 48 Balog Auction Services Ltd. 41 Beef Improvement Ontario 56 Border Line Feeders Inc. 48 Bow Slope Shipping Assoc.

50 Calgary Stockyards Ltd. 50 Calhoun Cattle Co. Ltd. 48 Canadian Angus Assoc.

IFC Canadian Charolais Assoc.

OBC Canadian Gelbvieh Assoc.

29 Canadian Hereford Assoc.

10, 11 Canadian Limousin Assoc.

26, 27 Canadian Red Angus Promotion Society 6 Canadian Shorthorn Assoc.

20 Canadian Simmental Assoc.

35 Canadian Speckle Park Assoc.

53 Cattlewomen for the Cure 45 Direct Livestock Marketing 40, 50 Farm Animal Council 56 Federation des producteurs de bovins 50 Fenton Hereford Ranch 43 Frenchman Valley Cattle 55 Greener Pastures 42 Grunthal Livestock Auction 50 Highway 21 Feeders 48 Innisfail Auction Market Ltd. 50 Kawartha Lakes Co-operative Auction 50 Klassen Agriventures Ltd. 48 Lakeland Group/Northstar 14 a-p LLB Angus 15 Meadow Lake Stockyards Ltd. 50 Merck Animal Health 13, 47, IBC Merial 23 Norheim Ranching 56 Novartis Animal Health Canada 9 Ontario Livestock Exchange 50 Perlich Bros. Auction Market Ltd. 50 Pfizer Animal Health 5, 18, 19, 30, 31, 37, 39 Picture Butte Auction Market 50 Pioneer Hi-Bred Ltd. 17 Real Industries 40 Red Brand Fence 46 Salers Assoc. of Canada 24 Saskatchewan Beef Industry 15 John Schooten & Sons Custom Feedyard Ltd. 48 Southern Alberta Livestock 45 Stauffer Farm Feedlot 48 Tru-Test Inc. 53, 57 Vermeer Corporation 7 VJV Foothills Livestock Auction 50 Westwood Land & Cattle 49 Winnipeg Livestock Sales Ltd. 50 XL Foods 57 Xplornet 51

58 CANADIAN CATTLEMEN / FALL 2012

EVENTS October

16-17—Livestock Gentec Conference, The Matrix Hotel, Edmonton, Alta., www.livestockgentec.com 26-27—22nd Annual Edam Fall Fair Commercial Cattle Show and Sale, Edam Community Centre, Edam, Sask.

30—Farm Animal Conference — Media Training, Saskatoon, Sask., www.facs. sk.ca

November 1-3—34th Stockade Roundup , Lloydminster Exhibition, Lloydminster, Alta.

1-3—Manitoba Livestock Expo, Keystone Centre, Brandon, Man. 1-3—2012 National Limousin Show, Keystone Centre, Brandon, Man. 3—2012 Ag for Life Harvest Gala, BMO Centre, Calgary, Alta.

3-11—Canadian Finals Rodeo, Expo Centre, Edmonton, Alta., www.canadianfinalsrodeo.com 1-4—Manitoba Livestock Expo, Keystone Centre, Brandon, Man. 2-11—Royal Winter Fair, Direct Energy Centre, Toronto, Ont. 5-10—Farmfair International, Rexall Place, Edmonton, Alta., www.farmfair.ca 7-10—Agri-trade, Westerner Park, Red Deer, Alta., www.agri-trade.com 7-10—Saskatoon Fall Fair, Prairieland Park, Saskatoon, Sask., www.saskatoonex.com 10-16—North American International Exposition, Kentucky Exposition Center, Louisville, Kentucky 13-14—Canfax Cattle Market Forum, Deerfoot Inn, Calgary, Alta.

15—Best of Canadian Agri-marketing Association Awards, Delta Bessborough, Saskatoon, Sask., www.bestofcama.com, www.cama.org 19—“Cut Waste, Grow Profit: How to reduce food waste, leading to, Maple Leaf ThinkFOOD Centre, Mississauga, Ont. 19-24—Canadian Western Agribition, Evraz Place, Regina, Sask., www.agribition.com

27-28—Manitoba Ranchers’ Forum 2012, Victoria Inn, Brandon, Man., www. mbforagecouncil.mb.ca 28-29—Western Canadian Grazing Conference and Trade Show, Sheraton Hotel, Red Deer, Alta.

December 4-6—Alltech’s Global 500, Lexington, Kentucky, www.alltech.com/global500 5—Advocates for Agriculture Communications Workshop, Saskatoon Inn, Saskatoon, Sask., www.facs.sk.ca 5-6—Farm Animal Council of Saskatchewan AGM, “Fence Lines to Corporate Board Rooms,” Saskatoon Inn, Saskatoon, Sask., www.facs.sk.ca 10-12—Canadian Forest and Grassland AGM and Conference, “Innovation in the Forage and Grassland Sector,” Radisson Plaza Mississauga, Toronto, Ont.

January 2013 3-22—107th National Western Stock Show, National Western Complex, Denver, Colorado 23-25—Saskatchewan Beef Industry Conference, Saskatoon Inn, Saskatoon, Sask.

29—Alberta Cattle Feeders AGM, Memorial Centre, Lacombe, Alta.

February 7-8—Manitoba Beef Producers AGM, Victoria Inn, Brandon, Man. 13—Alltech’s North American Lecture Tour 9 a.m.-12 p.m., Canad Inns Club Regent, Winnipeg, Man. 14—Alltech’s North American Lecture Tour 9 a.m.-12 p.m., Sheraton Hotel, Red Deer, Alta.

15—Alltech’s North American Lecture Tour 9 a.m.-12 p.m., Lethbridge Lodge, Lethbridge, Alta.

20-22—10th Annual Alberta Beef Industry Conference, Fairmont Banff Springs, Banff, Alta.

20-21—Ontario Cattlemen’s Association AGM and Conference, Doubletree Inn, Toronto, Ont.

SALES October

19-20—40th Annual Red Roundup Show and Sale, Westerner, Red Deer, Alta.

November

26—Westwood Land and Cattle Sale #1 — Bred Females, Heartland Livestock Services, Swift Current, Sask.

29—Westwood Land and Cattle Sale #2 — Bred Females, Balog Auction, Lethbridge, Alta.

December 4—MJT Cattle Co. Ltd. — Hereford and Angus Dispersal, at the ranch, Edgerton, Alta.

5—13th Annual Cudlobe Bull Sale — Over 100 Angus Bulls, VJV Foothills Livestock, Stavely, Alta.

8—Westwood Land and Cattle Sale #3 — Bred Females, Nilsson Bros. Livestock, Vermilion, Alta.

12—Westwood Land and Cattle Sale #4 — Bred Females, Provost Livestock Exchange, Provost, Alta.

15—Perrot-Martin Charolais Complete Herd Dispersal, at the farm, Niacam, Sask.

January 2013 26—MC Quantock Bull Sale, at the ranch, Lloydminster, Sask.

February 2—Hill 70 Quantock Ranch Bull Sale, at the ranch, Lloydminster, Sask.

9—Soderglen Ranch Bull Sale, at the ranch, Airdrie, Alta.

March 2—Davidson Gelbvieh and Lonesome Dove Ranch 24th Annual, Bull Sale, at their bull yards, Ponteix, Sask.  Event listings are a free service to industry.  Sale listings are for our advertisers.

Your contact is Deborah Wilson at 403-325-1695 or deb.wilson@fbcpublishing.com

www.canadiancattlemen.ca

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