The Correspondent, May - June 2015 by The Foreign Correspondents' Club, Hong Kong

Contents

MAY/JUNE 2015

10 Occupy Central – Alex Ogle – AFP

COVER STORY Cash prizes for Human Rights Press Awards FCC donors make it possible for the first time for cash prizes to be awarded in five categories in the 19th Human Rights Press Awards. New funding also allowed for the launch of the inaugural Student Human Rights Press Awards. In recognition of the changing nature of media, a special recognition was given to the SCMP's City and Online news desks. 13 Expanded judging panel 14 And the winners are...

Cover photo: Occupy Central – Alex Ogle – AFP

Features

ON THE WALL The Waziya: As the lights fade Through this series, Stephen Kelly's aim was to document the people, space and life of the Burmese cinema, in order to preserve a visual record of this historically significant building and the culturally important pastime of the Burmese people, before it is transformed forever.

Regulars

A message from the President

Editorial

Membership

Club News

Then and now: Graham Street Market R.I.P. 1972 and today by Bob Davis

F&B:Tomatoes are it

Archives: Liao and the Chungking Press Hostel

Speakers: What they said...

Obituary: Rodney Tasker

Classifieds

Last Word: When Harry Lee came to lunch

MEDIA Press freedom takes a dive in four surveys Press freedom in Hong Kong continued to deteriorate, according to two polls, one PEN report and one survey by Reporters Without Borders.

MEDIA Surviving to tell the stories that matter Charles Sennott, the founder of GlobalPost, talks about the Ground Truth Project which aims to bring about the return of old-school reporting on the ground...safely.

MEDIA Dying in pursuit of the news Journalists at war face greater risks than ever before. Extremist groups no longer need the media to get their story out as they can use social media to speak directly to the world. So how can journalists be protected?

ELECTION The battle is on for FCC Board election For the first time in some years, there will be a face-off for the position of President in the annual FCC Board election. Voting ends on May 20.

REPORTAGE Typing Rebellion The projected use of typewriters by various intelligence services to protect themselves from electronic eavesdropping would make the investigative life more difficult for whistleblowers and attendant journalists.

TELEVISION In the days when ATV was king As ATV struggles to find a survival formula, former ATV reporter Stephen Marshall talks about the 'good-old-days' of fierce independence and generous editorial budgets.

SPEAKERS Tyler: airport could 'self-fund' third runway Four years after he last appeared as a speaker at the FCC, Tony Tyler, former CEO of Cathay and now heading up IATA, shared his views on air safety and the third runway for Hong Kong.

REPORTAGE Fine wine, fine fakes There are gym pants labelled Adidos, and grey-market Chanel handbags selling for HK$30,000. And then there are Panfoids and other fake wines. 1

From the President

The candidates are hitting the campaign trail and the pundits are breathlessly reading the runes, while a sceptical and somewhat apathetic electorate looks on: but enough about the White House race. It’s ballot time again at the Club, and this is my farewell column as president. If voter turnout in America tends to be low, it’s still an improvement on the meagre figures we usually manage to elect a new president and Board of Governors every year. I would hope this year is better, as there is a proper contest on, and because there are weighty issues at stake. Our next president will be navigating us through discussions with the government on the renewal of our lease before it expires in January 2016. We believe we have been excellent custodians of the Ice House Street building, and have anchored ourselves there as pillars of the wider community. But we cannot be complacent, and our incoming leadership must not shirk from the hard work that remains to be done. The future of the lease is one financial uncertainty, and other pressures are likely to grow on our balance sheet. To defuse those pressures, the incoming president will need to work creatively and cooperatively with senior staff and 2

THE CORRESPONDENT

the rest of the Board. Not least of the pressures building from our Silver Membership scheme. That is why the outgoing Board has strongly recommended a change to the scheme as part of the revamp to our Articles of Association, to ensure we don't blow through all our reserves in the coming years. After months of painstaking work, the draft Articles have been submitted to the government’s Registrar of Companies, and the new president and Board will be tasked with seeing that process through to a conclusion. The lease and Articles are two of the bigger issues sitting in the new president’s in-tray. Inevitably, there will be unforeseen events of the type that we’ve had to grapple with over the past year, events that will require surefooted management to ensure the Board is not swept off track from its pending business. That business includes consolidating the work that we started on modernising our communications. Our website was in dire need of an overhaul, and we’ve been hampered by not having a mobile version or app. Improvements on those fronts are coming. At the same time, the outgoing Board stated our determination to extend the proud heritage of this magazine in print – contrary to what you may have heard around the bar of late, when some people spread false word that we were bent on eliminating The Correspondent entirely. I’m proud that we stuck to our goals over this term and refused to be buffeted by the squalls that arise from febrile Club politics from time to time. We laid out clear markers at the start of the term, and met them by the end. One of those markers was to bring in outside donations so that we could offer cash prizes for one of the Club’s flagship ventures: the annual Human Rights Press Awards. With the help of our superb Treasurer, Tim Huxley, we pulled that off and put the Awards on a

robust footing heading into next year’s 20th edition. As part of the new fundraising drive, we were able to sponsor new categories of award for student journalists in Hong Kong. Our Awards coordinator, Joyce Lau, deserves special recognition here for helping to organise those initiatives. We also played a potentially life-changing role in promoting Xyza Cruz Bacani, a young domestic worker from the Philippines whose striking talent for photography earned her a fellowship with Magnum in New York. That’s the kind of activity that makes this Club special, and in which I take particular pride looking back over this year. Inside the Club, we showed our determination to preserve a safe environment for all members, and to diversify the mix of new entrants so that younger members, and more women, gained admittance. Those efforts should pay off over time to ensure we remain relevant far into the future, and retain our standing as the finest press club in the world. As for me, my tenure as president is nearly done and new pastures beckon outside Hong Kong. It’s been an exhausting experience sometimes but never dull, and tremendously enriching. Huge thanks to everyone among the Board, the staff and the membership at large. It would be inappropriate to use this column to endorse a successor, but I’ve laid out some of the attributes that I think are needed, and members should make up their own minds. But above all, they should vote. It may not offer quite the drama of a Hillary Clinton or Ted Cruz candidacy, but our election does matter for the Club’s future, and only by participating can you hope to shape that future. Cheerio, and best of luck. Jitendra Joshi President

THE OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS’ CLUB, HONG KONG

2 Lower Albert Road, Central, Hong Kong Tel: (852) 2521 1511 Fax: (852) 2868 4092 Email: fcc@fcchk.org Website: www.fcchk.org

Editorial

The Board of Governors 2014-2015 President Jitendra Joshi First Vice President Neil David Western Second Vice President Kevin Barry H. Egan Correspondent Governors Tara Joseph, Angie Lau, Francis Moriarty, Carsten Schael, Sarah Charlton, Florence De Changy, Peter Hutchison, Nan-Hie In Journalist Governors Wyng Chow, Cammy Yiu Associate Governors Andy Chworowsky, Thomas Crampton, Timothy S. Huxley, Simon Pritchard Goodwill Ambassador Clare Hollingworth Club Secretary Francis Moriarty Professional Committee Co-Conveners: Jitendra Joshi, Nan-Hie In, Tara Anne Joseph Finance Committee Co-Conveners: Timothy S. Huxley (Treasurer), Wyng Chow Constitutional Committee Co-Conveners: Jitendra Joshi, Kevin Egan, Simon Pritchard Membership Committee Co-Conveners: Neil Western, Wyng Chow, Simon Pritchard House/ Food and Beverage Committee Co-Conveners: Andy Chworowsky (F&B) Cammy Yiu (F&B) Carsten Schael (House) Florence De Changy (House) Press Freedom Committee Co-Conveners: Francis Moriarty (Secretary) Sarah Charlton Communications Committee Co-Conveners: Angie Lau, Peter Hutchison Paul Bayfield (Editor) editor@fcchk.org Wall Committee Co-Conveners: Cammy Yiu, Sarah Charlton FCC Charity Fund Committee Co-Conveners: Andy Chworowsky, Thomas Crampton

Visitors to the FCC website in the past two months would have seen the beefed-up Correspondent section that now includes up-to-date Club news stories and photos. Club News, which as you know is a regular feature of the magazine, is now updated once a week on the website and includes Club social events, notices and Board statements as well as longer stories on issues like press freedom, changes to the Articles, Board elections and speaker lunches. Over the next months you will see this expanded to include feature stories. Although the Publications – now Communications – Committee has worked hard over recent years to make the current website more useful, for this new online Correspondent to be a more effective communication tool, the website will be redesigned over the next few months. Some of the most successful publications in the world are a combination of a strong magazine/newspaper and a strong website. The Correspondent is a strong club magazine and we are now building a strong website that will enhance both. This year’s Human Rights Press Awards will see for the first time cash prizes for the five top awards. This FCC initiative, which was financed by anonymous donations by individual members, will give these prestigious awards a bit more of a cutting edge. You can read all about the Awards – and the winners – in our cover story in this issue. This coverage will also include a selection of the winning photographs. Journalists have become the targets in wars and insurgencies around the globe. Two of the FCC’s guest speakers in the past month – GlobalPost’s Charles Sennott and AP’s Gary Pruitt – have focused on what can be done about those who kill journalists as well as the future of international in-depth reporting. In the world of compromised electronic intelligence gathering, is the typewriter about to make a comeback? Gavin Greenwood – and Harry Harrison – take an imaginative look at the venerable typewriter as intelligence services scrabble to find ways to thwart whistleblowers and investigative reporters from getting access to embarrassing gen.

General Manager Gilbert Cheng Production: Asiapix Studios Tel: 9769 0294 Email: asiapix@netvigator.com www.terryduckham-asiapix.com Printing: Lautus Print Tel: 2555 1178 Email: cs@lautus.com.hk Advertising: FCC Front Office: Tel: 2521 1511

Paul Bayfield

MEMBERSHIP Who’s joined the Club, who’s leaving and who’s turned silver! This is the column to read. It’s also the column to read to find out about other membership stuff. For instance changing your membership category. If you joined the Club as a Correspondent but are now working in public relations you should change to Associate. Or as a Journalist now reporting for the Financial Times change to Correspondent. You could be an Associate who has changed career to become a full-time journalist so you should be a Correspondent or a Journalist member. To ensure the integrity of our membership categories we ask you to contact us if you get a new job that potentially alters your membership status. Need advice email Marilyn Hood marketing@fcchk.org. Leaving Hong Kong? The question of whether to take out Absent Membership will arise. It’s not expensive at HK$2,000 and it is for life! Correspondents and Journalists remember you may leave Hong Kong working in the profession but return working in the commercial sector, and it may take years to rejoin as an Associate...

Welcome to new members

Correspondents: Kate Bartlett, Editor, Agence France-Presse; Anne-Sophie Briant, Reporter for Infrastructure Investor, PEI Media; Herbert Buchsbaum, Deputy Asia Editor, The New York Times; Richard Carew, Reporter, The Wall Street Journal; Elizabeth Colback, Lex Writer, Financial Times; Christopher Dodd, Deputy Editor, Finance Asia; Isabel Fueyo Sanchez, Hong Kong Correspondent, EFE Spanish News Agency; Una Galani, Asia Corporate Finance Columnist, Thomson Reuters; Divya Gopalan, Presenter/Correspondent, Al Jazeera English Network; Robert Hartley, Asia Editor, Euromoney Institutional Investor; Brittany Hite, Mobile Editor, The Wall Street Journal; Rashmi Krishna Kumar, Senior Reporter, Euromoney Institutional Investor; Ashley Lee, Asia Editor, Euromoney Institutional Investor; Prashant Rao, Editor, Agence France-Presse; Benjamin Scent, Deals Editor, Bloomberg; Timothy Sifert, Deputy Editor, Thomson Reuter; Nangyal Tsering, Research Editor, Debtwire Mergermarket; Paul Tyson, Editor, Bloomberg; Xiang Ji, Programme Host & Editor, China Money Network Journalists: Chan Siu-wa, Journalist, Storyfull; Ho Lok-yee, Reporter, Hong Kong Economic Times; Cristina Sanchez-Kozyreva, Editor-inchief, Pipeline; Zhong Yichen, Reporter, Barron’s Asia Diplomats: Janaline Oh Joo-pak, Deputy Consul-General, Australian Consulate General Associates: Claudia Chan Kam-shan, Dentist, Dental Services Centre; Nicholas Cheung Man-kit, Trainee Solicitor, Davis Polk; Nicholas Coulson, Director, Concordia (Asia); Peter Fisher-Jones, Managing Director, Citigroup; James Hennessy, Director, Littleton & Hennessy Asian Art; Marion Hufschmid, Head of Sales, Santander; Kelvin Ko Chiun, Managing Director, Verity Consulting; David Kwan Wing-tai, Investment Director, Kwan’s Family Office; Yi-fawn Lee, Publisher, Orientations Magazine; Steven Loeb, Retired; Paul Schulte, Editor & CEO, Schulte Research Report; Ivan Strunin, Managing Director, Deloitte AP ICE; Howard Wheeler, Director, Andrew Moore & Associates Replacements – Corporate: Daniel Chinoy, Research Analyst, Elliott Advisors (HK); Nicholas Maran, Director of Research – Asia, Elliott Advisors (HK); Salvatore Purpura, Managing Director, Macsteel International; Raudres Wong , CFO, Strix (Hong Kong); Lawrence Yau, Chief Communication Officer, Airport Authority Hong Kong; Yu Tao, Head of China Market Research, Elliott Advisors (HK)

On to pastures new

Au revoir to those members leaving Hong Kong who have become Absent Members: Correspondents: Jia Bi, Reporter, Haymarket Media; Peter Leung Chi-pan, Reporter, Euromoney Institutional Investor; Gabrielle Lott, Freelancer; Peter Ollier, Asia-Pacifc Editor, Euromoney Institutional Investor; Sian Powell, Freelancer; Christopher Wilson, Asia Research, The Economist; Michael Wray, Freelancer Journalists: Kang Chun-nu, Freelancer Associates: Joseph Bauer; David Boyd-Thomas, Director, The Nature Conservancy; Fung Yue-ching, Project Consultant i-Magic; Paul Gunnell, Pilot, Cathay Pacific Airways; Ruth Hunt; Ian Jordan, Director, Energy World Int’l

Farewell also to:

Correspondents: Cynthia Koons, Reporter, The Wall Street Journal; Jes Nielsen, China Bureau Chief, Morgenavisen Jyllands-Posten; Richard Sargent, AFPTV Senior Editor, Agence France Presse; Shirline Tsui, Senior Correspondent, Mergermarket Associates: Christopher Britton, Partner, Deacons; Peter Tan Hock-seng, Retired

Also resigning

Correspondents: Licia Yee, Assignment Editor, CNN Diplomats: Olof Halldin, Consul-General, Consulate General of Sweden Associates: Sucy Chan Teck-chiong, Director, Wing On Trading Corporate: Gerald Daughton, Director of Civil Engineering, Halcrow China; Lu Chien-ying, Director, Kwang Hwa Information & Culture Centre; Paul Ogborn, Regional Head of Operations, British American Tobacco

Welcome back to

Correspondents: Stephen Engle, TV Correspondent, Bloomberg TV Journalists: Elizabeth Heron, Freelancer Associates: Alexandra Book, Assistant Professor, The University of Hong Kong; Frank Kasala, President, Future Technologies International; William McAfree, Managing Director, Asia Pacific Capital Asset Management; Sarah Nguyen, Assistant Principal Immigration Officer, Immigration Service HK; Duncan Wong Koon-kit, Doctor, British National Health Service

Other changes

Correspondent to Associate: Jonathan Hopfner, Managing Director, New Narrative Journalist to Correspondent: Kate Whitehead, Editor, ACP Magazines Asia

Attaining silver membership

Journalists: Terry Boyce, Freelancer; Terence Nealon, Freelance Journalist/Broadcaster Associates: Wendy Allen, General Manager, Euan Barty Associates; Werner Burger; Francis Cassidy, Pilot, Cathay Pacific; Angus Forsyth, Senior Partner, Stevenson Wong; David Garcia, Director, Hope Dairies; Steven Kahn, Managing Director & CEO. Mannix Company; Jennifer Tinworth, Director, Sallmanns Residential Relocation Services

Despatched

We are extremely sad to announce the death of Correspondent: Rodney Tasker

THE CORRESPONDENT

CLUB NEWS

The FCC has issued a statement to express its grave concern to the Chinese authorities at the conviction of 71-year-old journalist Gao Yu on the charge of leaking state secrets to foreign media. The seven-year jail sentence is unwarranted and particularly harsh for an elderly woman who is already in frail health Gao, a freelance journalist who has written about political, economic and social issues for domestic and overseas media, appears to have been punished for simply doing her job. We remind the authorities that freedom of expression and reporting are enshrined in the Chinese constitution.

MIKE CLARKE/AFP

FCC issues statement over long sentence for mainland reporter

The treatment of Gao, who has already been detained for almost a year, is the latest indication of a worsening environment for reporters working in the country. She is one of 44 journalists who were behind bars in China as of December 1, 2014. Gao, who was a guest speaker

at the Human Rights Press Awards hosted by the FCC in 2002, was arrested last April as authorities rounded up dozens of rights activists and dissidents for questioning ahead of the 25th anniversary of the Tiananmen Square crackdown on June 4, 1989.

Photography students tour the walls Photographer and now lecturer at the HKU's Journalism and Media Studies Centre Kees Metselaar took his photography students on a tour of the FCC's walls to get a taste of how the pros do it. Kees has found that his students over the years look forward to their visits to the FCC.

Terry Duckham/Asiapix Studios

Club News online Those of you who use the FCC website regularly will have noticed that regular updates of club events and activities are now featured and archived on the new Club News page. Click on the Club News link on the website home page or go direct to:

www.fcchk.org/fcclatest/ THE CORRESPONDENT

CLUB NEWS

PLKFCC scholarship winners Ken Lam and Sandy Wong (centre) were invited to join a Digital Broadcasting Corp radio programme hosted by former police commissioner Tang Kingshing (right) and Eddie Li the former head of the Psychological Services Group (left). The programme looks at how people cope with stress at school and in the workplace. Sandy Wong said they spoke about their experiences and how they coped with pressure and depression while studying at school, university and when she moved into the workplace. The audience was

Supplied by Celia Garcia

Sharing the load

mainly students and parents. Sandy is now working as an

accounts director with Nestle, while Ken is a university student.

fish), “Impromptu” Pinot Noir 2012 (with guinea fowl), “The High Note” Pinot Noir 2009 (with

lamb), and “The Cadenza” Late Harvest Gewürztraminer 2014 (with pavlova).

It was a feast of fine wines at a dinner hosted by Misha's Vineyard in early March. Winemaker Oliver Masters and Misha's owner Andy Wilkinson were on hand to talk about their white and pinot noir wines. Those featured included: “The Starlet” Sauvignon Blanc 2012, “Dress Circle” Pinot Gris 2013, “Lyric” Riesling 2011 (with

FCC staff

New Zealand wine dinner

My what big lips you have

Bob Davis

The Red Lips Brigade, sporting their iconic and recently revamped Red Lips logo, got together for their customary long lunch on the Verandah last month.

THE CORRESPONDENT

From left to right Seated: Kate Kelly, Karin Malmström, Marilyn Hood, Betty Fu-Sharp, Standing: Julie Oakley, Frances Randall, Rachel Hodson, Pat Elliott Shircore, Bonnie Angus, Mary Connell.

CLUB NEWS

World debating finalists cocktail

Photos by FCC staff

The FCC hosted a cocktail reception for the participants in the World Individual Debating & Public Speaking Championship that was held in Hong Kong in early April. The tournament, held for the first time ever in Asia, featured more than 140 of the world's best student speakers from 16 countries, including Australia, Botswana, Canada, China, Cyprus, Germany, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Lithuania, Morocco, South Korea, Pakistan, South Africa, UK, and US. The championships were over five categories: parliamentary debate, interpretative reading, impromptu speaking,

persuasive speeches and afterdinner speeches. Four of the five events were primarily to do with public speaking rather than

debate as these championships place a stronger emphasis on speakers’ use of voice and public speaking skills.

It was another popular Ginger Kwan Saturday night live at Bert’s on April 26. Ginger’s home-grown R&B vocals and style have made her a much sought afer performer in the Hong Kong music scene. She was joined by the team from her 2013 album “Kwantum Leap” – guitarist Dan LaVelle, keyboardist Jezrael Lucero and drummer Jun Kung.

Supplied by Celia Garcia

Wyng Chow

Ginger Kwan in the house

Party time at the Kuk It was fun for all at a post-Chinese New Year party organised by the FCC Charity Fund's Celia Garcia for 3-6-year-old Po

Leung Kuk children. There were lots of donated toys, candies and balloons for the kids. FCC member Rob Stewart’s daughter Elizabeth sang some beautiful songs for the kids, while Chris Dillion’s daughter Danielle and her friend did a great dance performance. THE CORRESPONDENT

CLUB NEWS

The image that symbolised the fall of Saigon At around 2.30 pm on April 29 1975, Hugh Van Es, a Dutch photographer working for UPI, captured the image of a helicopter perched precariously on a rooftop as a line of desperate people climbed a ladder as Saigon fell to North Vietnamese troops. Forty years later, it remains one of the most iconic images of the Vietnam War. Old hands and old friends gathered in the Bunker – where Hugh’s photo and camera are displayed alongside other images from the Vietnam War – to commemorate one of the defining moments in the history of war photography. AFP's Eric Wishart said Hugh was a legend not only of photography but also of his beloved FCC. Annie Van Es,

Photos by Terry Duckham/Asiapix Studios

happy to have so many friends on hand, said that Hugh should be remembered as a photographer who covered the war for eight years and not just for one photo.

It was a feast of South African wines with more than 30 wines available for the wine tasting session at the end of April... and lots of members took advantage of it. This session was followed by a mouth-watering dinner accompanied by Post House Chenin Blanc 2012; Southern Right Pinotage 2011; Africa Five 8

THE CORRESPONDENT

FCC staff

South African wine tasting and dinner

Pinotage 2011; Fairview The Beacon Shiraz 2010; and Villiera

Inspiration Late Harvest Chenin Blanc 2010.

CLUB NEWS

Welcome cocktail for new members In what has become a great tradition, new FCC members got together with Board members and some not-so-new members to have drinks on The Verandah and get to know how the FCC works. Always a good evening, although some of these new members have had to wait up to three years for their drinks.

Photos by FCC staff

Harry Harrison

THE CORRESPONDENT

COVER STORY

Cash prizes for Human Rights Press Awards FCC donors make it possible for the first time for cash prizes to be awarded in five categories in the 19th Human Rights Press Awards. Joyce Lau reports.

nonymous donors from the Hong Kong Foreign Correspondents’ Club helped transform the Human Rights Press Awards this year. For the first time in their 19-year history, the Awards were capable of granting cash prizes of HK $5,000 for five grand prizes – recognising journalists who used a combination of skill and bravery to bring difficult stories to the public eye. New funding also allowed for the launch of the inaugural Student Human Rights Press Awards, whose three top winners were awarded HK$3,000. In addition, the HRPA worked with the Far East Film Festival in Udine, Italy, to hold a youth essay contest, whose winner was sent on a fellowship to Europe last month. The 2014 Human Rights Press Awards were announced at the annual prize-giving luncheon on Saturday, May 9. All short-listed candidates were invited to attend the meal at the FCC’s Main Dining Room and Veranda. They were joined by leading members from the HRPA’s three partner organisations: the FCC, Amnesty International Hong Kong and the Hong Kong Journalists’ Association. “The HRPA is growing, and that’s great news,” said Francis Moriarty, the HRPA’s founding chairman. “We are deeply grateful to everyone who has made all of this possible.”

Series: Occupy Central – Alex Ogle –

THE CORRESPONDENT

AFP

English winners In English-language print – which includes

COVER STORY

Lion Rock – Robert Ng – South China Morning Post

newspapers, magazines, wire services and online media – the grand prize went to Amy Sawitta Lefevre and Andrew R.C. Marshall of Reuters for a series of three reports: “Suspected Uighurs rescued from Thai trafficking camp,” “Traffickers use abductions, prison ships to feed Asian slave trade” and “Thai fishermen convert boats to cash in on human smuggling”. In the English broadcast category, which includes television and radio, the grand prize went to Aaron Fernandes, who reports for Al Jazeera’s “101 East” programme. Fernandes travelled to Papua New Guinea’s highlands where he documented cases that sound like they might have been from centuries ago – literal “witch-hunts” in which women are tortured and burned alive at the stake because of superstitious beliefs. The introduction of cash prizes means the HRPA now has three levels of recognition: Grand Prizes (which come with HK$5,000) prizes and merits. A full list of prizewinners follows. Chinese winners The winners in the Chinese-language category were dominated by Hong Kong journalists and Hong Kong media companies doing the sort of reporting in mainland China that would not be allowed in state-controlled media there. The HRPA highlighted the unique role local Hong Kong journalists play –

in being politically, culturally and linguistically closer to China issues than their foreign counterparts, but also freer than their mainland counterparts. The grand HK$5,000 prize in Chinese broadcasting went to five NOW TV journalists: Cyrus Chan, Kenny Kan, Gary Chan, Wayne Chau and Daphne Lo. They did extensive reporting on the mainland for an eightpart series on the June 4, 1989, Tiananmen Square crackdown. They sought sources from both sides of the story – political activists, PLA soldiers, as well as “Tiananmen mothers” who had lost their children – and asked them to re-evaluate the events of 25 years ago. “The reporting was really impressive,” said Allan Au, a veteran broadcaster and HRPA judge. “There were numerous journalists chasing this story over several years. And they took great risks to get it out.” In Chinese print, the grand HK$5,000 prize went to Jiang Yannan and Zou Sichong from Yazhou Zhoukan, or Asia Weekly magazine. They travelled to Zhejiang province outside Shanghai to uncover the destruction of churches in an expose titled “Party Secretary Xia Baolong vs. millions of Christians.” “This is a very serious contemporary human rights issue,” said Astor Chan, a China researcher and HRPA judge. “The journalists did a great job with not only describing the facts but also reaching out to the Chinese Christian community to find out what really happened.” Photography winners As expected in a category judged on visual impact, the photography segment was dominated by Occupy Central. Last year, photojournalists from all over the world swarmed into Hong Kong to capture dramatic shots of huge crowds, billowing tear gas, police fights and the Umbrella Movement’s famous tent city. The HRPA photo judges looked at almost 200 images – including an awful lot of gas masks and yellow umbrellas. After much deliberation, they gave the HK$5,000 grand prize to Alex Ogle of Agence France-Presse for his eight-part series on the demonstrations. The work as a whole focused on interactions between crowds and the police, and included shots of officers THE CORRESPONDENT

COVER STORY

Benny Tai collapses – Yu Chun Leung – Ming Pao

aiming pepper spray right in the faces of unarmed demonstrators. In what was perhaps the strongest image, Ogle closed in on the details of a face dripping with the stinging, yellow foam. Special recognition The HRPA is evolving along with the changing nature of media. In the past, entries were clearly defined news articles or broadcasts, created by clearly named journalists. But how do you award breaking news in the digital era, when updates are constantly changing and multimedia packages are often created by entire teams? The English judges took this into consideration when giving special recognition to the South China Morning Post’s City and Online news desks. Their team of reporters, photographers, editors, web producers, graphic artists and assistants – many of whom go uncredited – worked long hours to produce rolling 24-hour coverage that became an essential resource for the Hong Kong public, overseas readers and foreign correspondents. “The writing might not have always been polished, but they were doing on-the-ground reporting,” said Jonathan Hopfner, a former Reuters news editor, FCC member and new addition to the HRPA judging panels. “And this was a story that had definite human 12

THE CORRESPONDENT

rights angles, including police using force, freedom of expression and kids taken away from their parents.” Meanwhile, on the Chinese-language broadcast side, judges noted that a video that became pivotal to the discussion of human rights in Hong Kong was not entered, and therefore could not be considered in the normal manner. The video that went viral was a dark, blurry, four-minute clip by local broadcaster TVB and Apple Daily newspaper, showing a pro-democracy demonstrator being dragged to a quiet corner and beaten by the police. The victim turned out to be Ken Tsang, a social worker and member of the Civic Party. The video sparked both an official government investigation, as well as a deep debate on the use of force by the police and press freedom in the city. After the clip showed, TVB allegedly re-edited the captions to remove descriptions like “punching and kicking”. According to the HKJA, the assistant news editor said to be responsible for the broadcast was demoted. Student and youth winners The winners of the inaugural Student HRPA may be studying at Hong Kong universities (as is stipulated continued on page 38

COVER STORY

Expanded judging panels The Human Rights Press Awards expanded their judging panels this year. A total of 22 prominent figures in the fields of media, law, academia and human rights volunteered to read and watch more than 400 entries, for both professional and student categories.

Allan Au Ka-lun is a columnist for the Hong Kong Economic Journal, a public affairs host for Radio Television Hong Kong, and a PhD candidate at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. He was formerly a Knight Fellow at Stanford University, as well as a former producer, editor and anchor at TVB. Astor Chan is the former chairperson of the Hong Kong Human Rights Monitor. Chong Yiu-kwong is a solicitor and a senior teaching fellow at the Department of Education Policy and Leadership of the Hong Kong Institute of Education. Jonathan Hopfner is a managing director at New Narrative Ltd. He is a former Reuters news editor. Kwok Hiu-chung is the chairperson of the Hong Kong Human Rights Monitor. Peter Hutchison is an Agence France-Presse correspondent and a member of the Foreign Correspondents’ Club Board of Governors. Armin Kalyanram practiced as counsel at the High Court in Mumbai before moving to Hong Kong in 2006. In her adopted home, she volunteers with NGOs like Helpers for Domestic Helpers, Christian Action DMW programme and Hong Kong Refugee Advice Centre (now Justice Centre). From 2009 to 2012, she sat on the executive committee of Amnesty International Hong Kong. Karen Kong is an assistant professor of the Faculty of Law, and deputy director of the Master of Laws in Human Rights Programme at the University of Hong Kong. She teaches and researches in the area of socio-economic rights, constitutional law and administrative law. Lau Kwok-kuen is the chairman of the Hong Kong Press Photographers’ Association.

Vivian Kwok is the editor-in-chief and associate publisher of the Chinese edition of Bloomberg Businessweek. She has also worked with Next Magazine, the South China Morning Post and Forbes. com. Jim Laurie has been a journalist and broadcaster for 40 years and heads Focus Asia Productions, a video and television consultancy. Based in Washington DC, he now works as a consultant for China Central Television (CCTV English News). Angela Lee is a former board member of Amnesty International Hong Kong and has acted as a judge for the Human Rights Press Awards since its inception in 1996. Jacqueline Leong has been the Human Rights Press Awards’ legal expert since their inception in 1996. A former director of the Hong Kong Bar Association, she is a Hong Kong Senior Counsel (formerly Queen’s Counsel) and also a member of the Bars of England, Singapore and Victoria and New South Wales, Australia. Liu Kin-ming is a veteran journalist, public affairs consultant and founder of the KM & Associates consultancy. He was formerly a chairman of the Hong Kong Journalists’ Association and a member of the FCC Board of Governors. In 1998, Liu won a Human Rights Press Award for English-language commentary. Bruce Lui Ping-kuen, a former principal China reporter for Cable TV, has produced documentaries on sensitive subjects in China, including the dangers of nuclear testing and “tofu” construction that was blamed for school collapses in the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. Lui is also a Ming Pao columnist and senior lecturer at Hong Kong Baptist University. continued on page 38 THE CORRESPONDENT

COVER STORY

And the winners are... English Print Grand Prize Series: Human trafficking in Thailand – Amy Sawitta Lefevre and Andrew R.C. Marshall – Reuters English Features Prizes “Wed for their wombs, Polio wives show India fails its weakest" – Ketaki Gokhale and Jason Gale – Bloomberg News

“Dying for Justice: An investigation of China's legal system – William Wan – Washington Post English Features Merit “Dying kids, a poor Indian village, uranium and a mystery” – Rajesh Kumar Singh, Rakteem Katakey and Tom Lasseter – Bloomberg News English News Merit “When calls for revenge overwhelm China's courts” – Didi Kirsten Tatlow – New York Times English Online Coverage – Special Recognition Occupy Central Reportage – Reporters, editors, photographers, web producers and assistants on the City and Online desks – South China Morning Post English Online Merits “Voices from Tiananmen” – Patrick Boehler – South China Morning Post “No good choices” – Deb Price, Chester Yung and Sara Schonhardt – Wall Street Journal “Easy prey” – Denise Hruby, Luke Hunt and Shane Worrell – The Edge Review

Hong Kong missionary feared detained in Pyongyang – Nora Tam – South China Morning Post

English Commentary Merits “Broken trust” and “Clear distinction” – Michael C. Davis – South China Morning Post Series on Occupy Central – Stephen Vines – South China Morning Post English Broadcast Grand Prize “War on Witches” – Aaron Fernandes – Al Jazeera English: 101 East English Television Prize “Uighurs seeking sanctuary” – John Sparks – Channel 4 News English Television Merit “Muzzling the messenger” – Lynn Lee and James Leong – Al Jazeera English Chinese Print Grand Prize “Wave of church demolitions in Zhejiang: Party Secretary Xia Baolong vs. millions of Christians” – Jiang Yannan and Zou Sichong – Yazhou Zhoukan

Series: Democracy protests in Hong Kong – Philippe Lopez – AFP

Chinese Features Prize “The ongoing tragedy of the one-child policy” - Wang Sijing – iMoney Chinese Features Merits “Photographer Lu Guang’s works exposing pollution shock the government” – Wang Sijing – iMoney Series: Violations of domestic workers’ rights – Wong Tung Leung, Lao Xian Liang, Tung Kit and Chiu Yin Ping – Sing Tao Daily “How to die a good death when the end comes” – Chen Yi Min – Ming Pao Weekly Chinese Broadcast Grand Prize Series of reports of the 25th Anniversary of June 4 – NOW News Chinese TV Prize “A prisoner's voice: The 25th anniversary of the June 4 Tiananmen crackdown” – Choi Yuk Ling – Radio Television Hong Kong Chinese TV Merits “Beggars’ syndicate” – Cheng Sze Sze – Cable TV “Why do the elderly ‘love’ queuing?” – Lo King Wah – Cable TV “Domestic helpers away from their homes” – Dora Choi – Radio Television Hong Kong 14

THE CORRESPONDENT

“They can't kill us all”: Press freedom demonstration – Li Chat Tung – Ming Pao

COVER STORY

Series: The Occupy movement – Li Xianzhe, Gillian Yau, Dora Choi, Choi Yuk Ling, Yeung Yuet Fun and Chen Caixia – Radio Television Hong Kong Chinese Radio Prize “The Tiananmen mothers” -- So King Hang – Radio Television Hong Kong Chinese Radio Merits Occupy Series: “Protest music in a leaderless movement” – Ian Cheng Hung Hay – Radio Television Hong Kong “Over 100 arrested for showing solidarity with Occupy in China” – Chow Man Tai – Radio Television Hong Kong “I have no choice: my years as a domestic worker” – Yuen Tsz Pui – Radio Television Hong Kong Series: Family reunions between North and South Korea – Ed Jones – AFP

Photography Grand Prize Series: Occupy Central – Alex Ogle – AFP News Photography Prizes Benny Tai Collapses – Yu Chun Leung – Ming Pao Lion Rock (Black and White) – Robert Ng – South China Morning Post News Photography Merits Paul Zimmerman’s Yellow Umbrella – Cheng Kok Yin – South China Morning Post Lightning over Government Headquarters – Ho Ka Tat – Apple Daily “They can't kill us all: press freedom demonstration” – Li Chat Tung – Ming Pao The Umbrella Man – Xaume Olleros – AFP Boy at the June 4 vigil – Nora Tam – South China Morning Post “Open the door: 1,500 high school students strike – Lo Kwan Ho – Apple Daily Democracy protests in Hong Kong – Philippe Lopez – AFP

Series: 900 square feet of hidden hope – Xyza Bacani – Rappler.com

Feature Photography Merits Series: Ethnic minorities in Hong Kong – Luk Yu Shing – Eastweek Magazine Series: 900 square feet of hidden hope – Xyza Bacani – Rappler.com Series: Family reunions between North and South Korea – Ed Jones – AFP Hong Kong missionary feared detained in Pyongyang – Nora Tam – South China Morning Post Student English Grand Prizes “The Umbrella Movement: epilogue” – Lukas Messmer, Joyce Liu, Jane Li, Amel Semmache, Filippo Ortona, Cal Wong, Vanessa Ma, Vicky Wong and Hiram Liu/University of Hong Kong – MSNBC “China's ‘factory girls’ have grown up, and are going on strike” – Coco Feng, Jane Li and Echo Hui/University of Hong Kong – Quartz Student English Prize “China’s ‘homowives’ are becoming unlikely champions for gay rights – Huang Zheping/University of Hong Kong – Quartz

Series: Ethnic minorities in Hong Kong – Luk Yu Shing – Eastweek Magazine

Student English Merit “Hong Kong after Occupy” – Tracy Cheung Ka Sin, Leung Man Yin, Ng Hoi Ying/Chinese University of Hong Kong – Varsity Student Chinese Grand Prize “Interview with a homosexual ‘patient’” – Du Yijie/University of Hong Kong – Southern Weekly Student Chinese Prize “Reflection on a social movement” – Wong Ching Wun/Chinese University of Hong Kong – U-Beat Magazine Student Chinese Merit “Minority groups in Hong Kong don't have equal employment rights” – Kei Sze Ching and Chong Lai Kit/Hong Kong Baptist University – San Po Yan

Boy at the June 4 Vigil – Nora Tam – South China Morning Post

Essay Contest Winner Gloria Cheung, University of Hong Kong graduate THE CORRESPONDENT

MEDIA

Press freedom takes a dive in four surveys Press freedom in Hong Kong continued to deteriorate, according to two polls, one PEN report and one survey by Reporters Without Borders released recently.

he polls, jointly conducted by the Hong Kong Journalists’ Association (HKJA) and the Public Opinion Programme of Hong Kong University as part of the Hong Kong Press Freedom Index, show that the public and journalists believe that press freedom deteriorated in 2014. While more than half of the members of the public surveyed for the index felt that last year saw a step back for press freedom, journalists were even more gloomy. Some 90% said press freedom had suffered, with 48% pointing to a “substantial setback”, the SCMP reported. The PEN American Centre released its report, “Threatened Harbour: encroachments on press freedom”, in January at the FCC which documented – through news reports, first-person commentary and legal precedent – the increasing attacks on freedom of expression in 2014, particularly around the Occupy period. The HKJA, which runs the annual index, said the results reflected the growing number of physical attacks on journalists – some 30 cases during last year. The index drew the two polls conducted in January: the Public Opinion Programme surveyed 1,035 members of the public, while the HKJA interviewed 537 journalists. For journalists, self-censorship and access to information are major problems. While some 90% of the journalists said they had the impression that there were more “attacks by law enforcers” on their colleagues last year than in 2013. Some 87% said people participating in events organised by pro-establishment groups had become more violent towards journalists. The HKJA said that some journalist respondents pointed out that they face difficulty obtaining information they need for their reporting, and that the “government manipulation of the media in reporting news has become very common”. The HKJA urged the government to take steps to protect freedom of speech, including enacting a freedom of information law as soon as possible to ensure the people’s right to access information.

THE CORRESPONDENT

The 2015 World Press Freedom Index, compiled by Reporters Without Borders, highlights the worldwide deterioration in freedom of information in 2014. Beset by wars, the growing threat from nonstate operatives, violence during demonstrations and the economic crisis, media freedom is in retreat on all five continents. The indicators are incontestable. There was a drastic decline in freedom of information in 2014 with two-thirds of the 180 countries surveyed performing less well than in the previous year. The annual global indicator, which measures the overall level of violations of freedom of information in 180 countries year by year, has risen to 3,719, an 8% increase during 2014 and almost 10% compared with 2013. The index showed declines in press freedom in Hong Kong (placed 70 out of the 180 countries surveyed), China (178), Vietnam (175), Singapore (153) and the rest of Asia. Even the usually better performing countries, Taiwan (51), South Korea (60) and Japan (61) declined. Last year Reporters Without Borders focused its attention on Hong Kong a number of times, including during the Occupy protests when it said, “this year is seeing the gravest threats to press freedom in Hong Kong since 1997”. It also noted that the online censorship monitoring website GreatFire. org reported that the Chinese-language versions of some international media had initially ignored the protests.

Use your freedom of expression and write for The Correspondent The Correspondent welcomes contributions from all members. So if you have something to say or have suggestions for stories get in touch with the editor to pitch your ideas. Send your ideas through the front office or directly to the editor, at editor@fcchk.org.

MEDIA

Surviving to tell the stories that matter Correspondents need to be on the ground to cover the big stories of the day, but to do so safely is increasingly difficult. Reporters as targets seems to be the name of the game, says long-time correspondent and founder of GlobalPost, Charles Sennott.

harles Sennott, who founded online news organisation GlobalPost in 2009, is co-founder of the GroundTruth Project which mentors young journalists out in the field covering big stories sometimes in dangerous places. “Young freelance reporters often put themselves in peril to get the story,” he said. “In our profession we have an obligation to make sure these young journalists understand that it is an incredible time of peril – I don't think it has ever been as dangerous out in the field.” Sennott talked about the friends and colleagues who had been killed on the job, particularly GlobalPost's Jim Foley who was captured by ISIS in 2012 and beheaded last August. “This was a global event and a sobering event for all of us who really care about the work and if we are going to be on the ground we have to recognise the peril and do more to make it a safer opportunity for young journalists.” That might mean discouraging them from going to war zones. “This is something I am actively pursuing with a lot of young people where I'm saying 'you don't have to start your career in the line of fire' at a time when the game is changing dramatically. As foreign correspondents we have always faced the risks of being caught in the crossfire, but the risk now is that you are in the crosshairs – you are targeted.” Building on what AP's CEO Gary Pruitt eloquently said about safety for journalists at an FCC lunch a few days before (see following pages), Sennott introduced a “Call for global safety, principles and practice” statement – particularly for international freelancers and local correspondents. Sennott and a core group of editors and journalists compiled the guidelines which have now been endorsed by the FCC as well as more than 70 news organisations. “It basically establishes a set of standards so that we can create a baseline of safety for correspondents in the field. It's not meant to be the final document of

safety standards, it’s more a shared set of principles for a shared culture of safety.” Ground truth is a phrase coined by NASA which describes a patch of the Earth that can be measured by a human eye that can be used to calibrate the accuracy of satellite imagery – so that the pixels from a satellite image won't make sense without ground truth. “For us at GroundTruth it is the metaphor for what we want to do, for what we want to teach young people to do – to be the metric for human measurement on the ground. So that in the digital age we can organise all those pixels and all that information and make sense of what is going on in the world.” And, as NASA poetically said, “when there is conflict between the human reading of ground truth and the satellite imagery, then trust the human reading”. I believe in that: real journalists who are on the ground covering what is happening. I think we are missing out on that in this new age of journalism where we are to used to reporting from cubicles, relying too much on opinion and too many people pontificating and not enough people doing the great old-school reporting which I was lucky enough to do for most of my working life.” When the Arab Spring began in 2010, Sennott really wanted to be back on the ground so he partnered with PBS Frontline, and “I worked with a group of young American and Egyptian journalists, which is where the idea began to gell about mentoring in the field and going back to my original non-profit idea”. The GroundTruth model basically takes groups of Millennial reporters and has them cover the biggest stories that will impact their generation and then publish the stories with an array of editorial partners like Frontline, MSNBC, Public Radio InternationaI's The World, Huffington Post and others. THE CORRESPONDENT

MEDIA

Dying in pursuit of the news Journalists at war face greater risks than ever before. Extremist groups no longer need the media to get their story out as they can use social media to speak directly to the world. So how can journalists be protected? Kate

Whitehead reports.

rontline journalists gathering and reporting the news face increasing risks and international law should be changed to make it a war crime to kill or kidnap journalists – that was the message of the president and CEO of the Associated Press who addressed a packed lunch at the Club in March. “It used to be that when media had ‘press’ emblazoned on their vests or their vehicles it gave them a degree of protection. There was a sense that, OK, these are independent civilians, they are telling our story or the story of this conflict and we should leave them alone. But that labelling is now more likely to make them a target,” said Gary Pruitt, who trained as a lawyer and a specialist in freedom of expression and the first amendment. More than 1,000 journalists have been killed since 1992 and last year alone 61 journalists were killed reporting the news, according to the Committee to Protect Journalists. In one of the most high-profile killings last year, AP photographer Anja Niedringhaus was shot by the police officer who was charged with protecting her while covering the election in Afghanistan. AP special correspondent Kathy Gannon was seriously wounded in the same attack. “Kathy was hit six times but she survived and I’m happy to report that she is determined to return to Pakistan and Afghanistan to continue her work,” said Pruitt, drawing applause from the audience which filled the dining room and spilled out onto the veranda. So why do journalists face greater risks than ever before? Top reason is that extremist organisations no longer need the media to get their story out. They are using social media and other techniques to speak directly to the world. “They don’t need us, they don’t want us. They want to tell their story in their way from start to finish with nothing in between and a journalist is a potential critical filter that they don’t want to have around.

THE CORRESPONDENT

The larger world, however, needs us to get the facts and the complete story out, not just one side,” said Pruitt. Add to that the fact that the kidnapping and ransoming of journalists has now become what Pruitt calls a “business model” for terrorist and extremist organisations. “We find ourselves in the sickening situation where terrorists are killing journalists not to stop a story but to create a story. A beheading becomes a bloody press release,” he said. Highlighting the need for news organisations to better protect journalists, he said the most obvious step was for all media outlets to follow common safety practices and principals. In February a coalition of major news companies and journalism organisations endorsed a new set of guidelines – “Global Safety Principals and Practices” – which calls for news organisations to treat their regular freelance and local correspondents as they treat their staffers in safety and training and to be prepared to take on similar responsibility in case of kidnapping or injury. “As media organisations contract and some of them have fewer employees, there often are more freelancers. These freelancers need to have the same protections that employees have,” said Pruitt. Under the existing international law, the Geneva Conventions and other protocols, journalists are FCC staff

Reuters

MEDIA

AP's Gary Pruitt, left, and AP photographer Anja Niedringhaus, above, who was killed in Afghanistan last year.

considered civilians in a conflict situation between states. The UN addressed the subject in 2013 and decided to adopt a resolution condemning the killing of journalists and underlined the obligations of nations to bring perpetrators to justice. Pruitt praised the move, but said the framework is limited because the protection of journalists depends on the laws in each country and it makes each nation responsible for investigating and prosecuting journalists who are killed. The end result is that it is not reliable or completely effective. In 90% of cases of a journalist being killed in the course of their work, there is no trial, prosecution or even investigation. Only 4% of the killers of journalists are ever convicted. “Just as it is becoming more dangerous to cover the news, it is become less likely that their killers will be prosecuted. The nature of war and the media have changed dramatically in recent years and it’s clear that existing protocols aren’t working,” said Pruitt. He said the Associated Press believes that there needs to be a new international legal mechanism to protect journalists, one that makes the killing of journalists or taking them hostage a war crime. He proposed creating a new protocol under the Geneva Conventions to make the killing of a journalist a specific war crime. He also suggested adapting the articles of the International Criminal Court that deals with war crimes to specifically cover journalists. He acknowledged that these measures wouldn’t prevent journalists from being killed because many extremist organisations routinely ignore their national law, but it would raise awareness of the notion that

journalists, like doctors and nurses, should not be targeted during war. “Medical staff with the Red Crescent or Red Cross can’t be targeted – that’s a war crime. So what we are talking about is giving journalists similar kind of protection,” he said. Asked by Reuters Tara Joseph – the FCC’s Professional Committee co-convener – as to how one goes about making something a war crime, Pruitt said it would be a long and difficult process. While every country has a clear formula about how to create a law, international law is not as straightforward. It involves various treaties, conventions and protocols that over time form the framework of international law and war crimes. “There are certain landmarks in terms of war crimes – the Geneva Conventions, the International Criminal Court – that required the herculean effort [of getting] the international community coming together,” he said. And it’s even more difficult to get virtually all the world’s nations, or as many as you can get, to sign an agreement on what should be a specific war crime. It will be a long road to making the kidnapping or killing of journalists a war crime, but it will bring the atrocity the same degree of severity as the use of chemical and biological warfare or the targeting and torture of medical personal. Pruitt also revealed that the Afghan policeman who shot dead Niedringhaus in April last year has been imprisoned for 20 years. Originally he was sentenced to death, but he appealed and his sentence was finally confirmed at the end of March. “There is solace in knowing there was justice done in that case and we are grateful for that,” said Pruitt. THE CORRESPONDENT

THEN and NOW

Graham Street Market R.I.P. Images by Bob Davis Graham Street is located in Central, on Hong Kong Island, and was, until very recently, the location of Hong Kong's oldest continuously-operating street market, the 172 year-old Graham Street Market. The street starts from Queen's Road Central and runs uphill and south to Staunton Street, crossing Stanley Street, Wellington Street, Gage Street, Lyndhurst Terrace and Hollywood Road. The Graham Street Market occupied the section between Queen's Road Central and Hollywood Road. The narrow street was crowded with rows of stalls on either side selling fresh seafood, vegetables, meats, dry goods and cooked food. It was extremely popular with residents and office workers for its produce and its noodle, tofu and fish ball stalls, as well as hole-in-thewall restaurants. It was ranked as one of Hong Kong best markets by CNN in 2011, and described as “the most atmospheric market in Hong Kong”. So much so that Queen Elizabeth II and Governor Murray MacLehose visited Graham Street during her 1975 visit to meet and chat with locals. The Graham Street market has now fallen prey to the Urban Renewal Authority’s master plan to redevelop Graham and Peel Streets and the market was closed on April 1 and will be demolished to make way for new shops, a hotel and offices. This will affect over 37 of the older buildings and while some of the stallholders will be relocated in new premises, the noodle, tofu sellers and the dai pai dongs will be forced to close with nowhere else to go.

1972: The Graham Street Market in its prime attracted Hong Kong residents from all walks of life and was renowned for its variety of fresh produce and food stalls.

April 20, 2015: Many stall holders have nowhere else to go and some are determined to stay in business until the wrecking ball starts to swing, but in the end another iconic part of Hong Kong's colourful past and traditions will be paved over to make way for more expensive high-rise development.

THE CORRESPONDENT

BOARD ELECTIONS

The battle is on for FCC Board election or the first time in some years, there will be a face-off for the position of President in the annual FCC Board election. This was made official at the Nomination Meeting on April 1, pictured right, which finalised the list of candidates for the election. The usual purpose of the Nomination Meeting is for members to make last minute nominations from the floor or, in fact, to nominate themselves. After this process the candidates are formally declared for the election which ends at 5pm on May 20. The new Board takes office at the end of the AGM meeting the next day on May 21. The presidential race sees Francis Moriarty (freelance) and Neil Western (The Wall Street Journal) face each other in the hustings – in the FCC’s case this means talking to members around the bar. Western has been on the Board for five years and is the outgoing First Vice-President. Moriarty has been on the Board for more than 20 years and is the longtime co-convener and founder of the Press Freedom Committee. For the positions of First and Second VicePresident there is only one candidate for each: Tara Joseph (Reuters TV) as First Vice-President and Kevin Egan (barrister) as Second Vice-President. Joseph was FCC President in 2012-13, while Egan, who is one of the longest serving Board members, is the outgoing Second Vice-President. The election of Correspondent Governors sees nine candidates for eight positions. This year there are four new candidates: Stephen Engel (Bloomberg TV), Nicholas Gentle (Bloomberg News), Natasha Khan (Bloomberg News) and Juliana Liu (BBC News). Keith Bradsher (The New York Times) is seeking to return to the Board after a year’s break, while Florence De Changy (Le Monde and French National Radio), Nan-Hie In (freelance), Angie Lau (Bloomberg TV), and Carsten Schael (Carsten Schael Photography) are sitting members of the Board up for re-election. You will see that there are four Bloomberg candidates. In the past other news organisations have taken dominant positions, including Reuters and the Far Eastern Economic Review, which usually reflects the fact that Hong Kong serves as those organisations’ regional headquarters. The Review, for example, has produced seven Presidents, while the International Herald Tribune has produced four.

Photos by FCC staff

Members at the Nomination meeting in April.

In the Journalist Governor category there are four candidates for two positions: Clifford Buddle (SCMP), Wyng Chow (The Standard) James Gould (RTHK) and Cammy Yiu (CULTURE Magazine). Cammy Yiu and Wyng Chow are re-standing, while Cliff Buddle and James Gould are new to the hustings. In the Associate Governor category there are four candidates for four positions: Andy Chworowsky (Black Isle Group), Chris Dillon (Dillon Communications), Tim Huxley (Wah Kwong Maritime Transport Holdings) and Simon Pritchard (GaveKal Dragonomics).

FCC BOARD ELECTION Get the Board you deserve by making sure you vote

Voting deadline May 20, at 5pm You can send your vote by mail, or drop it into the Ballot Box at the entrance to the Main Bar THE CORRESPONDENT

REPORTAGE

Typing Rebellion The projected use of typewriters by various intelligence services to protect themselves from electronic eavesdropping would make the investigative life more difficult for whistleblowers and attendant journalists. Gavin Greenwood reports.

ournalists’ careers have been made on the back of raw intelligence files, diplomatic cable traffic and the financial affairs of thousands of the world’s wealthiest non-taxpayers through the actions of whistleblowers, activists and confused young soldiers. However, further instalments of such troves of near endless copy, which rely more on lawyers to process than the acquisitive instincts of the scoop-seeking hack to root out, is under threat as some governments seek to protect their deepest secrets by means of an ancient and largely forgotten device: the typewriter. As we now know all electronic communications between individuals, companies and nations have been targets for the data-gathering efforts of any nation with the ability to tap into IT and telecoms networks. While this may shock and anger the wider community and those politicians and business leaders identified as targets for electronic surveillance, it came as little surprise to security professionals. What has stunned many of those responsible for safeguarding sensitive state, military or commercial information is the ease with which a relatively low-ranking analyst employed by a private contractor, a young soldier with well-established emotional problems and an IT worker at a Swiss bank could remove a mass of highly classified information without being detected. To date Russian and Indian government agencies and the German legislature have announced that they intended to return to the typewriter in a bid protect highly classified material. No doubt other countries and organisations have quietly done the same or are planning to do so on the grounds that by restricting the volume of documentation and keeping it out of cyberspace they will be able to restrict access on a far more tightly controlled “need-to-know” basis. They may have a point in terms of high-level communications, but reversion to paper creates numerous other problems, many familiar to the higher echelons of most countries’ administrative and political elites who began their careers before the dawn of the IT Age. While paper may have satisfyingly material qualities, and burns nicely, it also suffers from the impossible limitations such a 22

THE CORRESPONDENT

restoration of 19th century technology would have in terms of manipulating and analysing data in the 21st. Nevertheless, from a protection of information perspective the typewriter and the paper it generates may offer some comfort to security managers as their widespread usage would certainly prevent the mass removal of documentation. Rough calculations suggest that the approximate paper weight of the 500,000 army reports and 250,000 diplomatic cables downloaded by then US Army Pfc Bradley Manning and passed on to WikiLeaks would have been around 10 tonnes, against the 1.6 gigabytes of text files contained on a single memory stick. Edward Snowden’s cache of NSA data is of unknown size, but would also be measured in tonnes of paper. However, while the occasional confidential despatch may benefit in security terms from being typed out in Moscow or London the problem of transmission, distribution, duplication and storage remains – let alone the inability for any intelligence service or most commercial enterprises to function long without the electronic data at the heart of the NSA, GCHQ and HSBC disclosures. Too many spooks… The amount of resources now devoted to gathering, analysing and protecting data and other information is immense. According to an August 2013 Washington Post analysis, the US budget for national intelligence gathering and processing was then around US$52.6 billion, or roughly equivalent to Uzbekistan’s GDP. Other governments far less transparent than the US also devote vast amounts of resources on seeking and defending information, as do many commercial interests. It is impossible to assess the total annual global expenditure on what is broadly called “intelligence”, but clearly it would be in the hundreds of billion dollars. The US example also offers a model as to how this money is spent. According to the Post, US$20.1 billion was devoted to warning “policymakers, military and civilian authorities of threats, such as economic instability, state failure, societal unrest and emergence of regional powers”. A further US$17.2

REPORTAGE

billion was assigned to monitor and disrupt “violent extremists and suspected terrorist groups that plot to inflict harm to the US, its interests and allies”. Of the remainder US$4.3 billion was earmarked to “prevent cyber intrusions” and a further US$3.8 billion went to defend against foreign espionage. With around 800,000 individuals cleared to handle the highest classification intelligence in the US alone, and a further 4.2 million having varying degrees to lesser access, the task of protecting information that could cause “exceptionally grave danger” to national security is immense. Further, the number of individuals with access to commercially and technically sensitive information in the private sector will far exceed these numbers. While Snowden, Manning and Herve Falciani, the HSBC tax scandal whistleblower, either made no secret of their activities or were easily discovered, it must be assumed that scores – if not hundreds – of others with access to highly classified information remain undetected and are quietly passing on national and commercial secrets in the time honoured manner of spies or dupes. Back to the future The desire to somehow bring such a mass of individuals and information under control by reverting to low tech and seemingly safe equipment and familiar procedures has precedents, though perhaps none so striking as that imposed in feudal Japan when the aristocracy opted to give up the use of firearms in battle in the mid-17th century. The decision to revert to traditional weapons – the

sword, the bow and the lance – and the carefully honed martial skills that accompanied their use, reflected Japan’s warrior class’s greater fear of their subjects gaining access to technological advances that narrowed the social gap than in any strategic assessment of the utility of firearms. A comparison between 21st century intelligence agencies reverting to 19th century technology and the desire of Japanese samurai to simply stop the clock may appear distant, but both groups can be seen as seeking to preserve their version of the status quo seemingly regardless of the impact on their wider operational capabilities. However, while the Japanese were able to keep social, technical and economic transformation at bay for more than two centuries after concluding edged rather than kinetic weapons were more suited to their needs, it is unlikely the reversion to the typewriter by modern state or commercial agencies or interests as a means of safely inscribing sensitive information will produce such gains. Given the near limitless present and future technological means to gather, collate, analyse and disseminate information and intelligence, this is highly unlikely to be even considered a solution, no doubt much to the relief of those of our colleagues who mine hundreds of millions of words and figures in the search for names, numbers and linkages that can be transformed from megabytes of data into stories that can challenge the behaviour of states and hold corporations to account. THE CORRESPONDENT

TELEVISION

In the days when ATV was king As ATV struggles to find a survival formula, former ATV reporter Stephen Marshall talks about the 'good-old-days' of fierce independence and generous editorial budgets just before the handover in 1996. Stephen Marshall reporting from the streets of Hong Kong and outside 10 Downing Street in 1996.

t was my first day on the job at ATV and I was confused. As a new arrival from Australia it made perfect sense the Human Resources officer would give me a copy of my employment contract as a correspondent for ATV’s weekly English current affairs programme “Inside Story”. But I had no idea why she gave me a toilet roll. I mustered a thank you, and after exchanging pleasantries left rather puzzled for the Inside Story office. As I made my way along the corridors of ATV I couldn’t but think everyone I passed thought I was off to the loo. It was a feeling I would get used to. On making the Inside Story office my amused colleagues put me at ease: Staff had been nicking bog paper from the cubicles, so management removed the rolls and implemented a policy of issuing staff one toilet roll a month. As an equal opportunity employer, the policy applied to both men and women. Heaven knows what happened to station visitors who felt the need. I was soon to experience another demonstration of management’s response to abuse of expenses. On returning from an overseas assignment, I was informed the company would no longer foot the bill for hotel laundering when abroad as local staff had been taking clothing overseas to be dry cleaned. Now having said that, and given ATV’s perilous financial predicament at the moment, you would be forgiven for thinking ATV in 1996 was a tight-fisted organisation. Yes it was frugal, but with Inside Story it would not spare the expense if warranted. For example, as correspondents we travelled with a cameraman, a sound recordist and a technician! Yes even if we were in London or wherever we would be accompanied by a technician in case of equipment failure. 24

THE CORRESPONDENT

For those of you not in the television news business, this is unheard of today. Nor was an assignment too expensive if it could be justified editorially. If a trip to London to pose questions to the British Foreign Minister about handover negotiations was required, then off you would go as a team of four. If the company had to foot the bill for a correspondent and crew to board the cruise ship Oriana to cover the last batch of retired British civil servants returning to the UK, then so be it. It was also a period of fierce editorial independence. I still remember when my then Inside Story colleague, Craig Leeson, and I were summoned to the CEO’s office regarding a two-part story we were about to air challenging the integrity of racing at the HKJC. We were informed the story could affect the station’s licence and were asked about the veracity of our sources. We gave assurances and the programme went to air. There was no request or attempt to compromise our sources and to my knowledge nor did the story have any bearing on the station’s licence. Now close to two decades ago, it was indeed a different period. But ATV back then was a great place to work and it gave many an expat journalist not only a start in Hong Kong but their first gig in Asia. My then colleagues at Inside Story are life-long friends and the people elsewhere across the station were professional and friendly. We used the same pool of cameramen, sound recordists and editors as everyone else at the station. Yes the crew would enjoy a nap, even on the odd occasion during filming and no matter where you were in the world, every time the crew would want to eat Chinese. London: would you like to try a steak

TELEVISION

I will also never forget watching an ATV or perhaps pasta for a change? ‘No thanks, we want cameraman capturing the most dramatic footage of to go to Chinatown’. And it goes almost without a helicopter pilot risking his life and that of his crew, saying whatever they ate was never as good as the by flying into thick smoke to winch people from food in Hong Kong. the top of the burning Garley Building – a 16-storey And they were quick to take advantage of any building in Yau Me Tei that was destroyed in 1996. out-of-sight telephones to make a long-distance call We were on a roof top opposite watching the tragic home. I remember being received with open arms at ITN after helping them with the Port Arthur massacre events unfold when without any consideration for before I joined ATV. We were afforded free rein of the his own safety our ATV cameraman jumped on the building’s ledge unaided and filmed an amazing waist newsroom, edit suites and master control; only to high tracking shot for 20 metres. return a week later to be told to remain at reception Now I know my reminisces stem from 1996 where we would be escorted for the duration of our stay. ITN had discovered several unauthorised calls to and 1997, when ATV was still located at Broadcast Drive, and it was a time well before the shareholder Hong Kong during our previous visit. takeover shenanigans of today, and well before But alleged toilet roll theft, laundering laundry, allegations of pro-Beijing bias. But it’s never good unauthorised phone calls and a Chinese-food-only to see the demise of a diet aside, ATV film crews news service, let alone a were hardworking, very Now close to two decades ago, it was station steeped in history, competent and fun to work with. indeed a different period. But ATV back such as ATV – the oldest Chinese television station ATV also had a fantastic news library, and thanks then was a great place to work and it gave in the world. I have not been in to the thoroughness of the librarians I ended up many an expat journalist not only a start in Hong Kong this past decade so am not able to with quite a big a scoop bear witness to what has in December 1996. Hong Kong but their first gig in Asia. gone wrong at ATV. For the previous 12 But in Australia over months, Macau had that period I was the director of news for regional been besieged by bombings, gang battles, robberies, broadcaster Win Television’s 10 newsrooms across kidnappings, stabbings, drive-by shootings and Victoria, South Australia and Tasmania. With around murder. It was reported widely that mainland 100 journalists and cameramen on the road each Chinese and Hong Kong triads were moving into day, and eight nightly prime time bulletins going to Macau sparking a turf war with local triads. The air at the same time, the job naturally came with its theory went that mainland and Hong Kong triads challenges. were positioning themselves ahead of Macau’s But none more so than when I had to close handover in 1999. two newsrooms; or in another instance when we But thanks to a 10-year-old, one paragraph clipping relaunched a weekend news service about a year from an American newspaper held in the ATV after closing it down that resulted in long-term library, I was able to establish a rapport with a Macau newsreaders and staff losing their jobs. In both powerbroker who led me down the path of discovery. cases local communities lost faith with their local It was a triad war alright, but not one involving broadcaster. new triads looking to set up in Macau. After several I moved back to Hong Kong after this period, but clandestine meetings, including one where a pistol I believe the ramifications for closing the newsrooms was tabled just to point out the seriousness of are still being felt. The relaunching of the weekend the subject at hand, I was able to establish, that news service went better-than-expected partly traditionally – and for a fee – China and Hong Kong because I fought against the usual PR department line triads had unofficially provided the security for that promised a “new era in weekend television” and Macau’s casino’s and VIP gaming rooms, but Hong other such meaningless blandishments. I’d convinced Kong-based triads had a change of heart and refused management to go with a “we were wrong” approach to pay, triggering Macau’s racketeering war. so as not to insult viewer intelligence. China’s Interpol chief and a Hong Kong police I think ATV needs a more rigorous approach to its assistant commissioner concurred, the story was current log jam, but whether the government has a aired, and the focus then fell on the 10 or so triad groups operating in Macau, in particular the 14k and change of heart, or a palatable white-knight buyer emerges, or it carries on as a production house or as Shiu Fong triads. an online-only station, it’s going to cost more than A scoop thanks to a decade-old tiny newspaper the savings from a few toilet rolls to fix its troubles. clipping. THE CORRESPONDENT

ON THE WALL

The Waziya: As the lights fade Photographs by Stephen Kelly

uring the first half of the 20th century, Burma had one of the most prolific and vibrant film industries in Southeast Asia. Indian and Thai actors flocked to Rangoon to act in Burmese made films. However, decades of repressive military rule, its accompanying international isolation, censorship and equipment shortages, left the country’s once powerful film industry in a state of stagnation. “The Waziya, formerly known as The Excelsior during colonial times, was constructed in the 1920s and is one of the oldest theatres in Myanmar. Colonial buildings throughout Yangon are under threat from demolition, as the rapid transformation of this once secluded country continues. In an attempt to modernise and compete with its regional competitors, historic neighbourhoods in the city are being flattened and the Waziya is the last theatre standing on what used to be known as ‘cinema row’ on Bogyoke Aung San Street; a cluster of about six picture houses dating back to before World War II. “As Myanmar's film industry attempts to recover and re-establish itself, time appears to have stood still within the walls of the country’s most famous cinema. Burmese made films are screened four times a day and the small group of dedicated ushers guide moviegoers to their seats by torchlight inside the archaic interior. The sound of the battered old film projector aptly named ‘Victoria’ can be heard kicking into action up above in the projection room; a muggy and claustrophobic attic space, where the dusty floorboards feel like they could cave in at any moment. As the film commences, the sounds of sunflower seeds being crunched are audible under the echoing film soundtrack. Life on the pavements outside also harks back to days gone by: the Waziya’s street side teashops bustle with activity and sidecar drivers await business, as cinemagoers stream out at the end of a show. “Through this series, my aim was to document the people, space and life of the cinema, in order to preserve a visual record of this historically significant building and the culturally important pastime of the Burmese people, before it is transformed forever.” Stephen Kelly 26

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ON THE WALL

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SPEAKERS

Tyler: airport could 'self-fund' third runway Four years after he last appeared as a speaker at the FCC, Tony Tyler, former CEO of Cathay and now heading up the International Air Transport Association, shared his trenchant views on air safety and the third runway for Hong Kong. Jonathan Sharp reports.

n a jokey reference to the Swedish diplomat who recently threw an undiplomatic tantrum in the Club and very publicly destroyed his FCC member’s card, Tyler opened his presentation by cheerfully waving his own FCC card and noted that it was “still in one piece”. On more serious issues, Tyler’s first point at a sold-out FCC lunch was that this year looks like being a relatively good one for the airline industry. “I am not trying to sell you a sob story.” IATA is estimating that airlines will make a net profit of about US$25 billion. “That may sound like a lot. The first thing that I would say to put that into perspective is that Apple – a single company – made US$18 billion in the first quarter of this year. And that was on revenue of US$74 billion.” On air safety, Tyler noted that he was speaking a year and a day after the still unexplained disappearance of Malaysia Airlines flight MH370 with 239 people on board. There were several other high-profile tragedies in the past year, but the trend, as recorded in a mass of IATA data released on the same day as Tyler spoke, was positive. “You will see an overall trend of improvement by almost all measures over the past five years. For example, the jet hull loss rate was the lowest in history with one for every 4.4 million flights. Sadly, the one parameter that took a step back was fatalities. There were 641 fatalities in 2014 which is above the five-year average of 517. “Our goal is always to have no fatalities. And considering that some 3.3 billion people flew in 2014, flying is the safest way to travel.” Interestingly, the loss of another Malaysia Airlines aircraft, flight MH17, shot down over the Ukraine on July 17 last year with the loss of all 298 passengers and crew, is not included in the statistics. Explained Tyler: “It was an outrage and tragedy. But like the 28

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Photos by FCC staff

aircraft involved in 9/11 it was the victim of an act of aggression. It wasn’t an accident.” One wonders if the same distinction will apply to the Germanwings Airbus A320 which was deliberately flown into the French Alps on March 24 by co-pilot Andreas Lubitz, killing 149 people as well as himself; will it also not figure in IATA’s flight safety data because it was a case of mass murder, and not an accident? Following the Germanwings disaster Tyler, in expressing deepest shock and sorrow over this “unthinkable tragedy”, reiterated that people should be reassured that flying remains the safest way to travel. However, as Steve Vines wisely pointed out in a thought-provoking article in the South China Morning Post, the bottom line is that there is no absolute way of averting tragedy. Referring to Lubitz’s act of locking out the pilot from the cockpit of the doomed Airbus, Vines

SPEAKERS

comments: “Airlines were acting responsibly in However, Tyler was able to make suggestions for introducing rules for locked flight decks in the wake how to fund the HK$141.5 billion (and, doubtless, of September 11, but this merely fixed one problem counting) cost of what is billed as Hong Kong’s most and created another.” expensive infrastructure project. Turning to another controversial subject – the He asks the question: could a third runway be decision to build a third runway at Hong Kong developed without increasing charges, without International airport – Tyler said in effect: go for it. placing a burden on taxpayers, without making He said Hong Kong already punched well above it more expensive for travellers, without adding its weight in the global air transport industry. But an extra burden to shippers and while increasing its leadership the hub’s role was fragile competitiveness? because of intense “It’s an ambitious competition. undertaking but Between 2005 I believe that the and 2013 Hong answer is yes.” Kong’s share Tyler believes of the market the airport could connecting China “self-fund” the to the rest of the investment world shrank needed for the from 20% to third runway 17%. Moreover with no increase it has stagnated in charges for with a 10% existing facilities market share on or those being the Association built. There is Tony Tyler: fours years since his last speech at FCC. of South East Asian ample scope for the Nations (ASEAN) to North America market. And its airport to finance the construction by borrowing the 3.3% of ASEAN to Europe traffic has contracted to needed billions through bonds or commercial loans. 2.4%. Finally, Tyler could offer only vague words of “There are lots of reasons why these changes are comfort for the many vexed travellers who ask what happening. The Middle East airlines are proving to sounds like an obvious question: since the price of be strong competitors with efficient and affordable oil has fallen, why not airfares? Or as pugnacious hubs being a central piece of their success. And the US Senator Charles Schumer put it, “The fact that other hubs in this region are continuously upping airfares are still at 30,000 feet and climbing, despite their game as well.” In addition there are plenty of the stable gas prices and rising airline industry airports in Hong Kong’s backyard competing for profits, is extremely troubling.” airline traffic. The problem for a number of airlines is that What Tyler did not address is one of several during the days of sky-high fuel prices they locked problems raised by critics of the third runway – that themselves into hedging contracts that meant that it will never be efficiently utilised unless there is a they saved money if fuel prices remained high, but radical rationalising of airlines’ use of the already lost out when those prices fell below those they crowded airspace in and around Hong Kong. And agreed to pay in the contracts. as political commentator Albert Cheng noted, there Tyler said the fall in the oil price was helping the is no guarantee that the Mainland will open up industry. “But perhaps not to the extent that you its airspace to ensure the success of Hong Kong’s might expect. Even as the forward hedges come off, expansion. Will Shenzhen airport, for example, the strength of the US dollar will be limiting the agrees to give up some if its cherished airspace use so impact of the price reduction. And many airlines as to help Hong Kong’s runway become fully viable will be facing higher costs in areas as widespread as and avoid becoming a white elephant? aircraft, maintenance, catering and so on from that Another critic, former aviation director Albert Lam strong dollar.” Kwong-yu, said that because of airspace restrictions And, as some have pointed out, if an airline finds it imposed by the Chinese military, HKIA was already still has sufficient demand to fill its planes even while unable to use its existing runways fully, and the keeping the hated fuel surcharges, what’s the big problem would not go away with a third airstrip. “It’s hurry to lower ticket prices? And if enough airlines like paying billions for 100 oranges but getting only adopt that view, Senator Schumer may find the a few in return,” he told the Post. situation “troubling” for some time to come. THE CORRESPONDENT

F&B

CARSTENSCHAEL.COM

The home of burgers

t is burger month in July at the FCC. Already home to some of the best burgers in clubland, the FCC will be offering succulent burgers to match everyone's taste.

Plastic container charge The Club now charges HK$5 for takeaway food containers.

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F&B

Tomatoes are it T

Believe it or not tomatoes are a fruit and part of the nightshade family (like potatoes and eggplants), but they are served and prepared as a vegetable. Native to South America, and brought to Europe by the Spanish, the tomato took some time to be accepted because tomatoes were thought to be poisonous, like other members of the nightshade family. Tomatoes are healthy too. They are widely known for their outstanding antioxidant content, including, of course, their oftentimes-rich concentration of lycopene. They are also good for the heart.

CARSTENSCHAEL.COM

he FCC's chefs, led by Chef George, will be pulling out all the stops in June to offer an all-thingstomato menu. Tomatoes, available year round, but at their peak in June to September, will be served up baked, broiled, fried, grilled, sauteed stewed, and of course raw in salads and as a garnish. Pretty much any way you can think of.

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ARCHIVES

Liao and the Chungking Press Hostel A

merican writer Bill Lascher passed through Hong Kong in March on his way to research the work of his relative Melville Jacoby, a freelance correspondent based in Chungking in 1940-41. However, he also had already in hand photos from that period, including one of the FCC's Liao Chienping standing in front of the Press Hostel. Mr Liao and his family spent most of his early years in retreat through China from the invading Japanese.

Mr Liao retired as Club captain in 1977 after 40 years service with the Club in Chungking, Nanjing, Shanghai and Hong Kong. Unusually, he was given a proper send-off with a dinner presided over by the legendary correspondent Richard Hughes. When told of the FCC's search for a precise date of when the FCC The young Mr Liao in front of the Press Hostel in Chungking in 1937. Above, Mr Liao on the cover of The began, Lascher Correspondent when he retired in 1977. said he would share some of his He finished up in Chungking and got a job at the source material – Jacoby and White's personal papers Press Hostel – the precursor to the FCC – in June – to allow us to continue the search. 1937 at the age of 19. This residential club was a Melville Jacoby, who became a Time/Life 24-room establishment operated by the information correspondent after his freelance stint in Chungking, service of the Chiang Kai-shek Nationalist was also a close friend of author and journalist Teddy government. He then learned to speak English, cook White and the first husband of Annalee Jacoby, and adjust to the drinking habits of resident scribes. White's co-author on “Thunder Out of China”. 32

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SPEAKERS

What they said... It's been another busy period for speakers at FCC lunches, covering topics from running marathons, golf in China and travels with Nick Danziger to the art of

Photos by FCC staff

happiness and modern-day Vietnam.

Gething: marathon man.

7 marathons, 7 continents, 7 days Veterinary surgeon David Gething, winner of the World Marathon Challenge – running 7 marathons in 7 continents in 7 days – in January this year, spoke about how he transformed from an out-of shape, soon-to-be father to a competitive runner. At an FCC lunch in early April he also spoke about his inspiration for getting into shape for the marathon challenge, the high and low moments of the competition, the camaraderie among the runners, as well as the story of the last race, where it was a fight to the finish to win. Gething, who also set two new world records in the challenge, has competed in many marathons including the famed Boston Marathon, Ironman triathlons (up to world championship level) and multi-day European bicycle stage-races. Golf and the Chinese dream In China golf was not just a barometer for the country’s rapid economic rise, the sport also allowed author Dan Washburn to examine many major issues in the mainland such as corruption, environmental neglect, disputes over rural land rights, a Wild West-style real estate market, and an ever-

widening gap between rich and poor. Washburn explained why he chose to tell this story through the eyes of three very different men, in his book, “The Forbidden Game: Golf and the Chinese Dream”, named one of the best books of 2014 by The Financial Times. He offered insight into a commonly asked question: How did China – where the construction of new golf courses is technically illegal – come to be the only country in the world in the midst of a golf course boom? Washburn, who lived in China from 2002 to 2011, spent more than seven years researching and writing this book. He was an award-winning journalist and chief content officer at the Asia Society. His writing has appeared in FT Weekend Magazine, Slate, Foreign Policy, The Atlantic, The Economist, Golf World, Golf Digest and other publications. Everything you always wanted to know... From world leaders to citizens of North Korea, award-winning photographer and filmmaker Nick Danziger has made a life of travelling to corners of the world where we rarely got more than a glimpse of everyday life. Danziger, at an FCC lunch in April, took the audience on a journey from the corridors of power, to times of war and unchoreographed daily life in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. Awards for his work include an honorary fellowship from the Royal Photographic Society (2007), the World Press Photo first prize in the single-portrait category (2004) and the Royal Geographical Society’s Ness Award (2000), while his film about Afghanistan, “War lives & videotape”, won the Prix Italia in 1991 for best television documentary. His photographs are held in museum collections, including the National Portrait Gallery, London; Théatre de la Photographie et de l’Image, Nice, the Morgan Library and Museum, New York; National Media Museum, Bradford; and Gallery of Modern Art, Glasgow.

Washburn: golf and the Chinese dream.

New normal for Chinese business In 1885, when BASF sent a director to THE CORRESPONDENT

SPEAKERS

China for the first time, it was considered a distant and exotic country. Yet how different are things today? Martin Brudermüller, vice-chairman of the board of executive directors at BASF SE, at a FCC lunch in April, said that while China has become the

Bhutan. It revolves around the four main pillars: good governance, sustainable socio-economic development, cultural preservation and environmental conservation. He shared the secrets of happiness at work and putting GNH into practice as a management tool. He also said that GNH can exist alongside rampant globalisation and gave a few tips on how to plant seeds of happiness in daily life and work. Lekphell graduated from University of Delhi with a BSc and obtained a Master of Science from University of London. He was chief labour officer in the Royal Bhutan Ministry of Labour and the Royal Bhutan Army.

Photos by FCC staff

Vietnam’s 25-year journey National Geographic photographer Catherine Karnow, at an FCC lunch in March, showed photographs taken during the years of the most dramatic change seen in modern-day Vietnam, 1990 - 2014, on her assignment for National Geographic, Smithsonian as well as many self-assigned trips. Board member Tara Joseph with Brudermüller.

world’s second-largest economy and is transforming from workbench to innovation powerhouse, it is instructive to examine the elements of doing business in China that have remained consistent – because these are also the least likely to change in the next century. He traced how doing business in China has evolved over 130 years – and what can be expected to change (and not to change) in the future. His speech also drew from a new history of BASF in China, recently compiled in a book titled “Breaking New Ground.” The book is being published for BASF’s 150th anniversary and is based on two years of research, including interviews with current and former employees of BASF in Germany and in China as well as unprecedented access to the BASF corporate archive. Brudermüller, who was appointed vicechairman in 2011, is also responsible for Asia Pacific, headquartered in Hong Kong, and for the Performance Materials division. He has been a member of the BASF board since 2006. The art of happiness, Bhutan style We all seek happiness, said Tenzin Lekphell, CEO of the Institute for Management Studies in Bhutan, at an FCC lunch in April. Few ideals are as difficult to grasp than happiness itself. Everyone has experienced it and yet many are still quite ignorant to what happiness is and how to stay happy. Lekphell, who is a pioneer of the Seeds of Happiness Programme, said that Bhutan is the first and perhaps the only country to steadfastly measure its happiness index closer than it measures its GDP. The concept of Gross National Happiness (GNH) was started in 1972, following a decree from the Fourth King of 34

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Karnow: legacies of Vietnam War.

Her images of Vietnam in the dark years, the early nineties, showed a country that was just beginning to emerge from the dismal years of poverty and austerity; there was no colour, no joy. In the midnineties new economic policies brought business from all over the world, such as golf courses only foreigners could afford, Coca-Cola, awkward fashion shows, and a new school for Vietnamese Airlines flight attendants. Karnow also showed photographs of two legacies of the Vietnam War: Amerasians and the ongoing plight of Agent Orange victims. She also recounted her long-lasting friendship with General Giap and his family – not only was she the only non-Vietnamese photojournalist to accompany General Giap in 1994 to the northern Vietnam highlands from which he plotted the battle of Dien Bien Phu, she was the only Western journalist to be a close witness to his funeral and burial in October 2014. If you want to experience Karnow’s presentation please go to the FCC’s website for full coverage.

REPORTAGE

Fine wine, fine fakes There are gym pants labelled Adidos, and grey-market Chanel handbags selling for HK$30,000. And then there are Panfoids and other fake wines. Blessing Waung reports.

eannie Cho Lee, resident Hong Kong oenophile and the first Asian ever to hold the title of Master of Wine, spoke to the FCC about the alarming proliferation of fake wines in Asian markets. Lee’s first slide was of Panfoids, a cheap knock-off of Penfolds, the Australian wine brand that is one of the most popular in China. For the less discerning drinker, there’s also Panfolds and Benfolds. “These are common, and people who are making these easy-to-identify knockoffs are definitely getting arrested in China,” she said of the fake wine producers. The government crackdown was something she noticed while attending the past two Chengdu Wine Fairs, where there was an absence of the Panfoldsesque merchandise. Lee said that just four or five years ago, fake wines could be spotted even at official government fairs. One step up from “Panfolds” are what she called more “sophisticated fakes” that would not be obvious to most people looking at the labels. For example, only a professional would be able to know that a bottle of Domaine Ponsot 1929 Clos de la Roche indeed could not exist, because that particular winery did not produce a 1929 vintage. However, the fake wines that are harder to spot are those which have been rebottled into genuine bottles culled from restaurants and hotels. “Empty bottles have a resale value of HK$500 to up to HK$10,000,” she said. “These bottles are refilled, so even a professional would be very hard pressed to find what’s wrong.” Fake wines are not just a new nor a China problem, but a global problem with a long history. Though the US traditionally has been the number one market for fine wines, the market has shifted in the past 10-15 years, first to Hong Kong and now to China. In 2010, Hong Kong’s fine wine auction sales were ahead of New York and London. And wherever the fine wines go, fakes will surely follow. “We have to be vigilant about this problem, because it is shifting to Asia,” Lee says. Lee spoke of a growing number of fake wine incidents in China that were not widely reported in

the Western press. One such incident was in 2013 which involved the selling of a case of fake wine for RMB200 million (US$33 million) in Shandong province, the largest winemaking region in China. Burgundies from pre-1980s and Bordeaux from pre-1970s are two very commonly forged wines, Lee said. She recalled a wine tasting dinner in Beijing where a collector served bottles of beautiful wines, but one, a 1982 Chateau Lafite, looked suspicious. When she asked the sommelier to bring the bottle she found that though the label said 1982, the cork said 1981, revealing a refilled bottle. Lee also spoke about wine consumption trends in China: Bordeaux, it seems, is on the decline for the discerning. “People are fed up,” Lee said. “Prices have been too high. People are owning up to the fact that when you buy wine, especially as futures – sold two years before they’re bottled – prices should be a lot cheaper than when they’re actually in a bottle. That has not been the case for the 2009 and 2010 vintages, so people are feeling a little burned.” Whereas once it was the wine of choice, Lee said that in a recent private dinner that included some of Shanghai’s top collectors, restauranteurs, and industry opinion leaders, not one out of the 20 or so who were there has brought a bottle of Bordeaux in the past six months. However, it is not over yet for Bordeaux in China, as it still accounts for nearly a third of the wines imported to China and half of the wines coming into Hong Kong. Wine sales in China are continuing to grow at around 10% a year, with half of those sales from Bordeaux. It has been estimated that there are some 40 million Chinese who consider themselves to be real wine drinkers. Although China’s appetite for fine wines is growing exponentially, the country’s booming wine industry has yet to produce fine wines that can compete with the very best from around the world. Lee says that may happen in her lifetime, but not something that will happen for the next five to seven years. “The quality is improving year on year, and there is a lot of potential,” Lee said. THE CORRESPONDENT

OBITUARY

Rodney Tasker: lifetime of reporting Asia By Philip Bowring

he death on March 24 in Thailand of Rodney Tasker, 70, was a reminder of an era when Western journalists made successful and influential lifetime careers writing for Asian publications. Mostly they boasted no certificates from journalism schools, but had natural talents and experience only learned on the job Rod Tasker sensed early what he wanted to be. He did well enough at school to go to university, but disappointed some of his family when he elected instead to make a quick start in life by becoming a cub reporter on a local newspaper. One requirement was to learn good shorthand, at which Rod excelled; an ability which proved invaluable as a correspondent whose ability to dispense with a tape recorder seemed less threatening to interviewees. His first job was with the Kidderminster Times, the weekly organ of a mid-size town in middle England. From there it was to the Kent Messenger, a bigger local paper based in Maidstone in south-east England; and moved between there and London, working for the Press Association, the co-operative which supplied local news to national media. The late 1960s in England were an ideal place for a gregarious, good-looking young reporter to be around, enjoying some wild times which we will not record here. But Rod wanted more adventure and after an abortive effort to guide a tour group overland to India, a former Kent Messenger

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colleague who had joined the China Mail, an afternoon daily in Hong Kong, suggested he join too. So he and Liverpudlian fellow Messenger reporter Dave Smith were hired and arrived in Hong Kong in early 1972. From there they both moved on in 1974 – shortly before the China Mail folded – to the desk of the fastexpanding Far Eastern Economic Review. Both were to make their marks on regional journalism, with Smith in 1975 being one of the founding editors – along with Review alumni T.J.S. George and Mike O’Neill – of Asiaweek and staying until its closure in 2001. Rod’s first posting as a correspondent was to Manila in 1977, sharing a house just off Roxas Boulevard in Pasay with freelance colleagues including Bernie Wideman and Harvey Stockwin and various itinerants. He found it easy enough to get to know several of the assortment of the rogues and the well-meaning who were ministers in the Marcos’ corrupt and authoritarian but socially easy-going regime. Labour secretary Blas Ople was a drinking buddy; finance secretary Cesar Virata, foreign secretary Alberto Romulo and agriculture secretary “Bong” Tanco were easily accessible. He could even get along with information secretary – and Imelda Marcos favourite – Kit Tatad. He quickly became Manila’s leading foreign correspondent, the go-to for many visitors such as Newsweek’s Barry Came, but also on buddy terms with UPI’s Vic Laniauskas, Reuters Colin Bickler

and mentor to local journalists including Nellie Sindayen, later of Time, and Sheilah Ocampo who became the Review bureau chief in Manila. Good reporting eventually got him into trouble in the form of a criminal libel writ from defence secretary Juan Ponce Enrile. Rod had written a long and involved story about the attempt of a Marcos crony to take over a small bank. Enrile was mentioned once in passing, but he nevertheless seized on what was an innocent reference, claiming it was an accusation of criminality, to launch a frontal legal assault on Rod and the magazine. This was a technique to silence journalists generally of which Lee Kuan Yew soon became the leading expert. Rod was out of town at the time of the writ and wisely did not return. Eventually the episode blew over, but by then Rod had been made Regional editor of Review back in Hong Kong. He stayed in this post for two years before deciding that he preferred to work as a correspondent in the field. He thus became Bangkokbased Chief Correspondent for the next 25 years, which took him all over Asia. Southeast Asia was his main patch, reporting domestic politics around the region, coups and would-be coups in Thailand and the Philippines, innumerable ASEAN meetings, and the long drawn-out negotiations over Cambodia. But he also served as an unofficial Review ambassador. He was a good reporter, worked

hard at his sources, wrote fluently, but he was also transparently un-ideological. Beyond a broad belief in the value of a free press, no theories were built into his typewriter or computer. He had a natural charm, believed in getting along with people while being an acute observer of their foibles. This, together with honest journalism, made him acceptable to ministers, generals and politicians who might otherwise shun the Review – though they still read it. But even more, he was liked by his colleagues – to some of whom he attached nicknames which were accurate as well as endearing. A mentor to many, he was always helpful to newcomers offering names and phone numbers, and advice on dealing with Hong Kong. Never obviously competitive, he did not focus on scoops. They arrived simply because he had good contacts and was trusted. It takes time and personality to build those relationships. Given his years in Bangkok, his Thai contacts were especially good and proved invaluable to other correspondents. They did not save him from an attempt by Thaksin Shinawatra, then prime minister, to expel him. But again, that came to nothing. Rod was simply too well-known and liked for Thaksin to pursue it. Soon Rod was meeting with the prime minister and exchanging memories of 1960s popular songs. As chief correspondent, he was also tasked with helping correspondents in distress, most memorably getting the magazine’s Pakistan correspondent, Salamat Ali, out of jail, and being on hand for the stoic Murray Hiebert’s incarceration in Malaysia. Lesser but more frequent calls were to smooth feathers ruffled by editing decisions in Hong Kong or rivalries within two-person bureaus. At its peak, the Review had some 20 staff correspondents

David Jenkins

OBITUARY

Top, the Review's Bangkok bureau in the 1980s: Rodney Tasker, left, with John McBeth, Paisal Sricharatchanya, and Bertil Lintner; opposite, Tasker in Kent in 2001; bottom left, with his second wife Elvie in the early 1980s; bottom right, with his first wife Joanie in 1970.

based out of Hong Kong and a similar number of stringers and regular contributors. Meanwhile, he was always regarded with esteem by a succession of distinguished Review colleagues in Bangkok and nearby – John McBeth, David Jenkins, Susumu Awanohara, Shim Jae Hoon, Paisal Sricharatchanya, Paul Handley, Celine Fernandez, Bertil Lintner, Michael Vatikiotis, Nate Thayer, Shawn Crispin – and by Asiabased stalwarts for other media such as Keith Richburg, Lindsay Murdoch and Derek Williams, and for those such as Mike Keats, Mike MacLachlan and Tony Clifton now retired elsewhere. All this took its toll on Rod, whose bonhomie hid an acute sensitivity which was the very reason he was so well liked. The earlier suicide of his brother and only sibling, and then the death of his mother, long weighed on him. Despite several relationships, he

never found the partner worthy of his talents and disposition nor had the family life that maybe could have steadied him. He retired to Chiang Mai a decade ago, for a while keeping busy playing golf, helping edit The Irrawaddy, the Chiang Mai-based magazine reporting Myanmar, and enjoying the company of other semi-retired hacks. His last years were spent at his partner’s village in central Thailand, sorely missed by his friends and colleagues in Bangkok, Hong Kong and around Asia and the UK. Sadly he was unable to attend the great Review reunion in Hong Kong in April 2014. He died too young, but his career showed how far a mix of inquisitiveness, sensitivity, clear writing and easy manner could take a cadet from the Kidderminster Times to an honoured place among foreigners with a lifetime of reporting Asia for Asian and international readers. THE CORRESPONDENT

Cash prizes for Human Rights... by the rules), but they are already being published or broadcast at a professional level. It is notable that many are reaching out to media outlets outside of this city. One stand-out work was by a group of nine University of Hong Kong students – Lukas Messmer, Joyce Liu, Jane Li, Amel Semmache, Filippo Ortona, Cal Wong, Vanessa Ma, Vicky Wong and Hiram Liu – who produced more than 20 minutes of Occupy Central coverage for the US TV giant MSNBC. “The video was excellent,” said Peter Hutchison, an FCC Board member and AFP correspondent who helped judge the student entries. “It must have taken a lot of time and effort.” Another cash prize went to Coco Feng, Jane Li and Echo Hui of HKU for a bilingual package that appeared on Quartz, The Atlantic’s online business

news website. Both the English and Chinese panels praised “China’s factory girls’ have grown up – and are going on strike”, which was reported in mainland China. “This was a lot of legwork, a lot of interviews,” said Simon Martin, a senior AFP news editor and Student HRPA judge. “It was well reported, on a worthy subject, and must have involved some difficulty.” The grand prize for Chinese-language student work went to Du Yijie, also of HKU, for “Interview with a homosexual ‘patient’”, which appeared in the Guangzhou-based Southern Weekly. There have historically been very few mainland Chinese publications or broadcasters represented in the Human Rights Press Awards. Mainland submissions make up less than 1% of our total, and are usually entered by Hong Kong-based freelancers – and never by state media newsrooms. It may be that the Student HRPA and the next generation of young reporters will be the ones to push the envelope on China coverage. Joyce Lau is the HRPA’s coordinator. Additional reporting by Ellie Ng.

Expanded Judging panels

Carsten Schael is an award-winning German photographer and a member of the FCC’s Board of Governors.

continued from page 12

continued from page 13 Simon Martin is a senior editor with AFP. He joined AFP in 1997 after 10 years as a correspondent with Reuters, and has been bureau chief in Malaysia and South Korea and deputy bureau chief in Jakarta. Martin began his career in newspapers and has worked, among other titles, for the Daily Mail in London (1980-82) and for the South China Morning Post as foreign editor (1982-1986). Eric Poon is a veteran producer who has made more than 100 documentaries for Radio Television Hong Kong since 1993. Poon is an associate professor of practice at the School of Journalism & Communication, Chinese University of Hong Kong.

THE CORRESPONDENT

Bettina Wassener is a writer, consultant and a former business correspondent for the Financial Times and the International New York Times. Douglas Wong is the Asia legal editor of Bloomberg News. He has also worked for the Financial Times and The Straits Times in Singapore and Malaysia. He was previously the president of the FCC. Serenade Woo is a project manager of the International Federation of Journalists Asia Pacific Office. Shirley Yam is the vice-chairperson of the Hong Kong Journalists’ Association and a columnist for the South China Morning Post.

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LAST WORD

When Harry Lee came to lunch W

hen the then senior minister Lee Kuan Yew spoke at an FCC lunch in 1990 he made only one demand: that no one would smoke in the Main Dining Room when he and his wife were there. This caused a fair bit of mumbling around the bar – some 17 years before the FCC banned smoking in 2007 – but sense prevailed. However, before Lee arrived the Main Bar was quite a sight with all the smokers puffing frantically and filling the bar with clouds of smoke. Of course, by then Singapore was glorying in being the first country in Asia (and most of the world) to partly ban smoking – along with chewing gum. The rest of the world caught up, but, ironically, Singapore’s ban 25 years later had hardly been amended while the rest of the world was by then in the throes of draconian PC paradise with not a cigarette in sight. How did this all happen? In early 1990 the FCC Board wrote letters to Asian leaders to encourage them to come to Hong Kong and speak at the Club. In particular, we wanted those leaders actively involved in restricting press freedom. That pretty much covered most of Asia’s leaders except perhaps for Japan and the Philippines. The FCC was particularly interested in getting then Singapore Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew and Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad as their countries were in the front line in attacks on the Far Eastern Economic Review and The Asian Wall Street Journal. Circulation was restricted for both publications, in both countries. In the Review’s case this meant that pages of the magazine had been photocopied – without the ads – and given a very limited circulation. The Review had been in dispute with the Singapore government since 1987 when Lee and various ministers insisted on the right of reply – at length – to any story about Singapore. Pretty much this meant them wanting to “correct” certain facts and basically rewrite the stories. The FCC sent the invitation letters more in hope than in expectation. Lee, however, responded very quickly and agreed to come to an FCC

THE CORRESPONDENT

lunch in November. Mahathir was a little slower and it was 1992 before he came. Of course, it was a full house – literally standing room only, including in the Main Bar where members watched the speech via video (then a relatively new idea). Lee gave a focused and commanding performance. He was also clever at not answering questions... His attitude towards the restrictions on publications and any number of other things: “All I am saying is that since you are entering my game, you will play in accordance with my rules, and my rules require that I will have the right to rebut what you have said, whether you like it or not. And if you don’t like it then I will restrict you.” It was in this context when he said that come 1997, Hong Kong-based foreign correspondents will be looking for a new perch. So, why not consider Singapore as it is not as bad as you think...

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